Unit 3 A taste of art .语法精讲精练2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语下册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了人教版九下Unit 3动词不定式语法内容，涵盖构成与特征、句法作用、不带to的不定式、疑问词+不定式、否定形式五大核心板块，搭建了从基础构成到句法功能再到特殊用法的递进式学习支架。 清单采用“对比表格+典型例题+分层演练”的方式呈现知识体系，如感官动词与使役动词后接不带to的不定式对比表、too...to.../enough to结构例题精讲，培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。特别设计易错警示模块标注否定形式位置等难点，配套四大题型分层练习及答案解析，不同基础学生可高效自学，教师能据此精准设计教学，提升课堂实效。

人教版九下 Unit 3 A taste of art .语法精讲精练 —— 动词不定式 —— 使用说明 动词不定式是初中英语语法的核心项目，也是中考必考考点。本讲义围绕「构成与特征—句法作用（主语/表语/宾语/宾补/定语/状语）—不带to的不定式—疑问词+不定式—否定形式」五大板块展开系统精讲，覆盖感官动词与使役动词后接不带to的不定式、too...to... / enough to 等高频结构，配套对比表格、典型例题与分层演练，帮助学习者准确掌握动词不定式的各种用法。练习题涵盖单项选择、动词填空、句型转换、完成句子四大题型，答案与解析统一附于文末，便于自学与检测。 第一讲 知识精讲 一、构成与特征 动词不定式的基本形式是「to + 动词原形」，否定形式是「not to + 动词原形」。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但仍保留动词的语义特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。 I like to play badminton in my free time. 我喜欢在我的空闲时间打羽毛球。（to play 有宾语 badminton 和状语 in my free time） My parents told me not to push myself too hard. 我父母告诉我不要逼自己太紧。（否定形式 not to push） 二、动词不定式的句法作用 动词不定式在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，相当于名词、形容词或副词的功能。 （一）作主语 动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。为避免头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语（动词不定式）移到句末。 To learn English well is important. = It is important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。 It is necessary for us to drink enough water every day. 我们每天喝足够的水是必要的。 【注】It is + adj. + for/of sb. + to do sth. 是动词不定式作主语的常见句型（详见本系列《It作形式主语》讲义）。 （二）作表语 动词不定式作表语，放在系动词 be 之后，说明主语的具体内容。 My dream is to become a doctor. 我的梦想是成为一名医生。 The most important thing is to stay calm. 最重要的事情是保持冷静。 （三）作宾语 有些及物动词后只能接动词不定式作宾语，不能接动名词。常见的有：want, hope, wish, decide, plan, agree, refuse, promise, offer, manage, fail, pretend, would like 等。 动词 含义 例句 want to do 想要做 I want to buy a new book. hope to do 希望做 She hopes to visit Beijing. decide to do 决定做 He decided to study harder. plan to do 计划做 We plan to go hiking. agree to do 同意做 They agreed to help us. refuse to do 拒绝做 He refused to answer the question. promise to do 答应做 She promised to come on time. would like to do 想要做 I would like to have a cup of tea. I like to play badminton in my free time. 我喜欢在空闲时间打羽毛球。 She decided to go abroad for further study. 她决定出国深造。 （四）作宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。常见结构为「动词 + 宾语 + to do sth.」。 My parents told me not to push myself too hard. 我父母告诉我不要逼自己太紧。 The teacher asked us to finish the homework on time. 老师要求我们按时完成作业。 I want you to help me with my English. 我想让你帮我学英语。 【注】常见接「宾语 + to do」作宾补的动词：ask, tell, want, wish, expect, encourage, advise, allow, invite, teach, warn, would like 等。 （五）作定语 动词不定式作定语，放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，表示将来的动作。 I have a lot of homework to do tonight. 我今晚有很多作业要做。 She is the first person to arrive at school. 她是第一个到校的人。 I have no pen to write with. 我没有钢笔写字。（不定式与被修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系，介词 with 不可省略） （六）作状语 动词不定式作状语，可以表示目的、原因、结果和程度。 状语类型 说明 例句 表目的 表示做某事的目的，可与 in order to / so as to 互换 Do not stand up to reach for food across the table. 不要站起来去够桌子对面的食物。 表原因 常放在形容词后面，表示产生某种情绪的原因 They were very sad to hear the news. 他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。 表结果 往往表示意料之外的结果，常用 only to do He arrived late only to find the train had gone. 他来晚了，发现火车已经走了。 表程度 常用 too...to... / enough to... 结构 It is too dark for us to see anything. 太暗了，我们什么也看不见。 1. 表目的： He got up early to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶第一班公交车。 In order to pass the exam, he studied very hard. 为了通过考试，他学习很努力。 2. 表原因（常放在形容词后面）： They were very sad to hear the news. 他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。 I am glad to see you. 见到你我很高兴。 3. 表结果（往往是意料之外）： He arrived late only to find the train had gone. 他来晚了，发现火车已经走了。 She went to the station only to find the train had left. 她到车站却发现火车已经开走了。 4. 表程度： It is too dark for us to see anything. 太暗了，我们什么也看不见。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到了上学的年龄了。 The box is too heavy for me to carry. 这个箱子太重了，我搬不动。 三、不带 to 的动词不定式 有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带 to，这种动词主要有两类： 类别 动词 结构 例句 感官动词 see, hear, watch, feel, notice, listen to, look at 感官动词 + 宾语 + do sth.（表全过程） I saw him cross the street. 我看见他过了马路。 使役动词 let, make, have 使役动词 + 宾语 + do sth. The teacher made us clean the classroom. 老师让我们打扫教室。 I often hear her sing in the next room. 我经常听到她在隔壁唱歌。 Let me help you with your luggage. 让我帮你拿行李。 The boss made the workers work all day. 老板让工人们工作一整天。 【易错警示】感官动词后接不带 to 的不定式表示动作的全过程，接现在分词（doing）表示动作正在进行。如：I saw him crossing the street.（我看见他正在过马路。） 【易错警示】使役动词和感官动词变为被动语态时，不定式必须加上 to。如：He was made to work all day.（他被迫工作一整天。） 四、疑问词 + 动词不定式 疑问词（what, which, who, when, where, how, whether 等）后可接动词不定式，构成「疑问词 + to do」结构，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。此结构相当于一个名词性从句。 I don't know what to do next. = I don't know what I should do next. 我不知道下一步该做什么。 She can't decide which one to choose. 她无法决定该选哪一个。 Please tell me how to get to the station. 请告诉我怎么去车站。 When to start has not been decided. 何时出发还没决定。（作主语） 【注】「疑问词 + to do」结构中，if 不能替换 whether，即不说 if to do，只能说 whether to do。 五、动词不定式的否定形式 动词不定式的否定形式是在 to 前直接加 not，即 not to do sth.，不能用 don't to do。 My parents told me not to push myself too hard. 我父母告诉我不要逼自己太紧。 He decided not to go there. 他决定不去那里。 The teacher warned us not to be late again. 老师警告我们不要再迟到。 六、典型例题精讲 【例1】My mother often tells me ______ too much time playing computer games. A. not spend B. not to spend C. don't spend D. to not spend 【答案】B 【解析】tell sb. not to do sth. 是固定结构，意为「告诉某人不要做某事」，不定式的否定形式是在 to 前加 not，故选 B。 【例2】—What do you want ______ when you grow up? —A doctor. A. to be B. be C. being D. been 【答案】A 【解析】want 后接动词不定式作宾语，即 want to do sth.，故选 A。 【例3】The boss made the workers ______ twelve hours a day. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked 【答案】A 【解析】make 是使役动词，后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补，即 make sb. do sth.，故选 A。 【例4】I really don't know ______ next. A. what to do B. what do C. to do what D. doing what 【答案】A 【解析】「疑问词 + to do」结构作 know 的宾语，语序为疑问词 + 不定式，即 what to do，故选 A。 【例5】The box is too heavy for me ______. A. carry B. to carry C. carrying D. carried 【答案】B 【解析】too + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 是固定结构，表示「对某人来说太……而不能做某事」，故选 B。 七、易错点警示 【易错警示】动词不定式的否定形式是 not to do，不是 don't to do 或 to not do，not 必须放在 to 之前。 【易错警示】使役动词（make/let/have）和感官动词（see/hear/watch/feel/notice）后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补，但变为被动语态时必须加 to。 【易错警示】感官动词后接不带 to 的不定式表动作全过程，接 doing 表动作正在进行，需根据语境判断。 【易错警示】「疑问词 + to do」结构中 if 不能替换 whether，即不说 if to do。 【易错警示】动词不定式作定语时，如果不定式是不及物动词，后面必须加相应的介词。如：I have no pen to write with. 不能说 *I have no pen to write. 第二讲 综合演练 一、单项选择（每小题1分，共15分） 1. I want ______ a doctor when I grow up. A. be B. to be C. being D. been 2. The teacher asked us ______ the classroom after school. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 3. He made his little sister ______ yesterday. A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 4. I don't know ______ next. A. what to do B. what do C. to do what D. doing what 5. It is important ______ English well. A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learned 6. She decided ______ abroad for further study. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 7. The boy was made ______ the text three times. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads 8. I have a lot of homework ______ tonight. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done 9. He got up early ______ the first bus. A. catch B. catching C. to catch D. caught 10. The box is too heavy for me ______. A. carry B. to carry C. carrying D. carried 11. My parents told me ______ too much time on TV. A. not spend B. not to spend C. don't spend D. to not spend 12. I often hear her ______ in the next room. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sang 13. She is the first person ______ to school every day. A. come B. to come C. coming D. comes 14. Would you like ______ a cup of tea? A. have B. to have C. having D. had 15. He ran fast only ______ the train had left. A. find B. finding C. to find D. found 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空（每小题1分，共10分） 1. I want ______ (buy) a new dictionary. 2. The teacher made us ______ (clean) the classroom. 3. She decided ______ (not go) there alone. 4. It is necessary for us ______ (drink) enough water. 5. I don't know how ______ (solve) this problem. 6. He got up early ______ (catch) the early bus. 7. The boy was seen ______ (enter) the room. 8. I have nothing ______ (say) about it. 9. She is old enough ______ (go) to school. 10. My mother often tells me ______ (not stay) up too late. 三、句型转换（每小题2分，共10分） 1. To learn English well is important.（改为同义句） ______ ______ important ______ ______ English well. 2. The teacher made us clean the classroom.（改为被动语态） We ______ ______ ______ ______ the classroom by the teacher. 3. I don't know what I should do next.（改为简单句） I don't know ______ ______ ______ next. 4. The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.（改为简单句） The box is ______ heavy for me ______ carry. 5. He is so young that he can't go to school.（改为简单句） He is ______ young ______ go to school. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子（每小题2分，共10分） 1. 我想成为一名科学家。 I want ______ ______ a scientist. 2. 老师让我们按时完成作业。 The teacher asked us ______ ______ the homework on time. 3. 我不知道下一步该做什么。 I don't know ______ ______ ______ next. 4. 他早起是为了赶第一班公交车。 He got up early ______ ______ the first bus. 5. 这个箱子太重了，我搬不动。 The box is ______ heavy for me ______ carry. 第三讲 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. 【答案】B 【解析】want 后接动词不定式作宾语，即 want to do sth.，故选 B。 2. 【答案】B 【解析】ask sb. to do sth. 是固定结构，不定式作宾补，故选 B。 3. 【答案】A 【解析】make 是使役动词，后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补，即 make sb. do sth.，故选 A。 4. 【答案】A 【解析】「疑问词 + to do」结构作 know 的宾语，语序为 what to do，故选 A。 5. 【答案】C 【解析】It is + adj. + to do sth. 是固定句型，it 作形式主语，真正主语是不定式，故选 C。 6. 【答案】B 【解析】decide 后接动词不定式作宾语，即 decide to do sth.，故选 B。 7. 【答案】B 【解析】make sb. do sth. 的被动语态为 sb. be made to do sth.，被动句中不定式必须加 to，故选 B。 8. 【答案】B 【解析】动词不定式作定语，放在被修饰的名词 homework 之后，即 have sth. to do，故选 B。 9. 【答案】C 【解析】动词不定式作目的状语，表示早起的目的是赶车，故选 C。 10. 【答案】B 【解析】too + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 是固定结构，表示「太……而不能」，故选 B。 11. 【答案】B 【解析】tell sb. not to do sth. 是固定结构，不定式的否定形式在 to 前加 not，故选 B。 12. 【答案】A 【解析】hear 是感官动词，后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补，表示听到动作的全过程，故选 A。 13. 【答案】B 【解析】动词不定式作定语，修饰 the first person，即 the first person to come，故选 B。 14. 【答案】B 【解析】would like 后接动词不定式作宾语，即 would like to do sth.，故选 B。 15. 【答案】C 【解析】only to do 表示意料之外的结果，故选 C。 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. 【答案】to buy 【解析】want 后接动词不定式作宾语，即 want to do sth.。 2. 【答案】clean 【解析】make 是使役动词，后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补，即 make sb. do sth.。 3. 【答案】not to go 【解析】decide not to do sth. 表示「决定不做某事」，不定式否定形式在 to 前加 not。 4. 【答案】to drink 【解析】It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 固定句型。 5. 【答案】to solve 【解析】「疑问词 + to do」结构，即 how to solve。 6. 【答案】to catch 【解析】动词不定式作目的状语。 7. 【答案】to enter 【解析】see sb. do sth. 的被动语态为 sb. be seen to do sth.，被动句中不定式必须加 to。 8. 【答案】to say 【解析】动词不定式作定语，修饰 nothing。 9. 【答案】to go 【解析】adj. + enough + to do sth. 表示「足够……做某事」。 10. 【答案】not to stay 【解析】tell sb. not to do sth. 固定结构。 三、句型转换 1. 【答案】It is; to learn 【解析】动词不定式作主语改为 it 作形式主语：It is + adj. + to do sth.。 2. 【答案】were made to clean 【解析】make sb. do sth. 变被动时，不定式必须加 to，即 sb. be made to do sth.。 3. 【答案】what to do 【解析】宾语从句 what I should do 简化为「疑问词 + to do」结构 what to do。 4. 【答案】too; to 【解析】so...that... 否定结果状语从句可转换为 too...to... 结构。 5. 【答案】too; to 【解析】so...that... 否定结果状语从句可转换为 too...to... 结构。 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 【答案】to be 【解析】want to do sth. 结构，be 表示「成为」。 2. 【答案】to finish 【解析】ask sb. to do sth. 结构，不定式作宾补。 3. 【答案】what to do 【解析】「疑问词 + to do」结构作宾语。 4. 【答案】to catch 【解析】动词不定式作目的状语。 5. 【答案】too; to 【解析】too + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 结构。 第 1 页 共 13 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $