Unit 8 More than a game.语法精讲精练2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册

2026-08-27
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摘要:

该初中英语讲义围绕主谓一致“定义—原则—特殊情况”六大板块系统构建知识体系,通过对比表格梳理复合不定代词、集合名词等高频考点,结合典型例题解析语法一致、意义一致等核心原则,清晰呈现重难点内在联系与中考考向。 讲义亮点在于分层演练设计,涵盖单项选择、动词填空等四大题型,如通过“Neither you nor he ______ wrong”等典型题强化就近原则应用,培养语言准确运用与逻辑思维能力。答案解析附于文末,支持学生自主检测,教师可据此实施精准分层教学,提升复习效率。

内容正文:

人教版九上 Unit 8 More than a game.语法精讲精练 —— 主谓一致 —— 使用说明 主谓一致是初中英语语法的核心项目,也是中考必考考点。本讲义围绕「定义—语法一致原则—意义一致原则—就近原则—就远原则—特殊情况」六大板块展开系统精讲,覆盖复合不定代词、both/either/neither、集合名词、there be、not only...but also...等高频考点,配套对比表格、典型例题与分层演练,帮助学习者准确掌握谓语动词与主语在单复数上的一致规则。练习题涵盖单项选择、动词填空、改错、完成句子四大题型,答案与解析统一附于文末,便于自学与检测。 第一讲 知识精讲 一、定义 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在单复数形式上保持一致。即主语是单数,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数,谓语动词用复数形式。主谓一致主要遵循三大原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。 He is a student. (主语单数,谓语用 is) 他是一名学生。 They are students. (主语复数,谓语用 are) 他们是学生。 二、语法一致原则 语法一致原则指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语形式为单数,谓语用单数;主语形式为复数,谓语用复数。 (一)复合不定代词作主语 复合不定代词(someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, nothing, no one 等)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Nobody knows the answer. 没人知道答案。 Everything is ready. 一切都准备好了。 Someone is waiting for you at the door. 有人在门口等你。 (二)both / many / few 作主语 both(两者都)、many(许多)、few(少数几个)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 Both are quite fast. 两者都很快。 Many are called, but few are chosen. 被召的多,被选的少。 (三)each / either / neither 作主语 each(每个)、either(两者中任一)、neither(两者都不)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Neither is suitable for me. 两个都不适合我。 Each of the students has a book. 每个学生都有一本书。 Either of the plans is acceptable. 两个计划中任一个都可以接受。 (四)both ... and ... 作主语 both ... and ... 连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 Both he and I come from Britain. 我和他都来自英国。 Both Tom and Mary like music. 汤姆和玛丽都喜欢音乐。 (五)each / either / neither / none + of + 名词作主语 each / either / neither / none + of + 名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。 None of them has arrived. 他们没一个到了。 Neither of the answers is correct. 两个答案都不对。 Each of the boys has a bike. 每个男孩都有一辆自行车。 【注】none of + 复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数均可,但正式文体中多用单数。 (六)some / all / most + of + 名词作主语 some / all / most + of + 名词作主语时,谓语动词与 of 后名词的单复数保持一致。of 后是不可数名词或单数可数名词,谓语用单数;of 后是复数可数名词,谓语用复数。 Some of the milk is cold. 一些牛奶是凉的。(milk 不可数,谓语用单数) Some of the students are from the countryside. 一些学生来自农村。(students 复数,谓语用复数) Most of the water has been polluted. 大部分水被污染了。(water 不可数,谓语用单数) 三、意义一致原则 意义一致原则指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的实际意义,而非语法形式。 (一)集合名词作主语 集合名词(family, class, team, group, army, government, audience 等)作主语时,需根据句子意思确定主语是单数还是复数:强调整体时谓语用单数,强调个体成员时谓语用复数。 强调角度 谓语形式 例句 强调整体(一个整体单位) 单数 His family is a big one. 他的家庭是个大家庭。 强调个体(各个成员) 复数 His family like watching TV shows. 他的家人喜欢看电视节目。 强调整体 单数 Our class is the best in the grade. 我们班是年级最好的。 强调个体 复数 Our class are having a meeting. 我们班同学正在开会。 (二)表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词作主语 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时,通常视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。 Ten years is a long time. 十年是一段很长的时间。 Five hundred dollars is enough for the trip. 五百美元足够这次旅行了。 Two kilometers is not a long distance. 两公里不算远。 (三)people, police, cattle 等作主语 people(人们)、police(警察)、cattle(牛)等形式为单数但意义为复数的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 The police are looking for the thief. 警察正在寻找小偷。 People there are very friendly. 那里的人们很友好。 (四)the + 形容词表示一类人 the + 形容词(如 the rich, the poor, the old, the young, the sick, the wounded 等)表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式。 The rich are not always happy. 富人并不总是快乐的。 The old need our care. 老年人需要我们的关怀。 四、就近原则 就近原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式与靠近它的那个主语的单复数保持一致。 (一)either ... or ... / neither ... nor ... / not only ... but also ... 连接并列主语 由 either ... or ...、neither ... nor ...、not only ... but also ... 连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与距离最近的主语在数上保持一致。 连词 例句 说明 either ... or ... Either you or he is wrong. 不是你错就是他错。 谓语与最近的 he 一致,用 is neither ... nor ... Neither you nor he is wrong. 你和他都没错。 谓语与最近的 he 一致,用 is not only ... but also ... Not only the students but also the teacher is interested in it. 谓语与最近的 the teacher 一致,用 is Neither you nor he is wrong. 你和他都错不了。(谓语与最近的 he 一致,用单数) Neither he nor you are wrong. 他和你都错不了。(谓语与最近的 you 一致,用复数) (二)there be 句型 在 there be 句型中,be 动词的单复数与距离最近的主语保持一致。 There is a book and two pens on the desk. 桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。(最近的主语 a book 是单数,用 is) There are two pens and a book on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一本书。(最近的主语 two pens 是复数,用 are) 五、就远原则 就远原则是指谓语动词的单复数与离它较远的主语保持一致,即与真正的主语保持一致,而不受插入语的影响。常见引出插入语的词有:with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, except, but, rather than 等。 The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. 老师和他的学生们将去参观博物馆。(真正主语 the teacher,谓语用 is) Tom, as well as his parents, likes music. 汤姆和他的父母都喜欢音乐。(真正主语 Tom,谓语用 likes) Nobody but you knows the secret. 除了你没人知道这个秘密。(真正主语 nobody,谓语用 knows) 六、特殊情况 (一)表示学科、疾病的以 -ics 结尾的名词 maths, physics, politics, news, plastics 等以 -ics 或 -s 结尾的名词,形式为复数但意义为单数,谓语用单数。 Physics is my favorite subject. 物理是我最喜欢的学科。 The news is very exciting. 这个消息令人兴奋。 (二)trousers, glasses, shoes, scissors 等作主语 trousers(裤子)、glasses(眼镜)、shoes(鞋)、scissors(剪刀)等由两部分构成的名词作主语时,谓语用复数;但与 a pair of 连用时,谓语与 pair 一致,用单数。 My trousers are too long. 我的裤子太长了。 This pair of shoes is mine. 这双鞋是我的。 (三)a number of 与 the number of 短语 含义 谓语形式 例句 a number of + 复数名词 许多…… 复数 A number of students are playing on the playground. the number of + 复数名词 ……的数量 单数 The number of students in our class is 50. 七、典型例题精讲 【例1】Nobody ______ the answer to the question. A. know B. knows C. knowing D. known 【答案】B 【解析】nobody 是复合不定代词,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式,故选 B。 【例2】Both he and I ______ from China. A. am B. is C. are D. be 【答案】C 【解析】both ... and ... 连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,故选 C。 【例3】Neither you nor he ______ wrong. A. am B. is C. are D. be 【答案】B 【解析】neither ... nor ... 连接并列主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则,与最近的主语 he 一致,用单数 is,故选 B。 【例4】There ______ a book and two pens on the desk. A. is B. are C. have D. has 【答案】A 【解析】there be 句型遵循就近原则,be 动词与最近的主语 a book 一致,用单数 is,故选 A。 【例5】The teacher with two students ______ coming to us. A. is B. are C. am D. be 【答案】A 【解析】with 引出的短语是插入语,遵循就远原则,真正主语是 the teacher,谓语用单数 is,故选 A。 八、易错点警示 【易错警示】复合不定代词(someone, anything, nobody 等)作主语时,谓语动词必须用单数,切勿受汉语「一些人」「任何事」等复数概念影响。 【易错警示】neither/either 作主语时谓语用单数,但 neither/either of + 复数名词时,正式文体中仍用单数,口语中可用复数,中考以单数为准。 【易错警示】集合名词(family, class, team)强调整体用单数,强调成员用复数,需根据句意判断,不能一概而论。 【易错警示】there be 句型和 not only...but also... 遵循就近原则;with/as well as/together with 遵循就远原则,两者切勿混淆。 【易错警示】a number of 后接复数名词,谓语用复数;the number of 后接复数名词,谓语用单数,这是中考高频易混点。 第二讲 综合演练 一、单项选择(每小题1分,共15分) 1. Everyone in our class ______ English. A. like B. likes C. liking D. liked 2. Both Tom and Mary ______ to school by bike every day. A. go B. goes C. going D. gone 3. Neither of the two boys ______ from America. A. is B. are C. am D. be 4. There ______ some milk and two eggs on the table. A. is B. are C. have D. has 5. The teacher with his students ______ going to visit the museum. A. is B. are C. am D. be 6. Either you or I ______ wrong. A. is B. are C. am D. be 7. A number of students ______ playing on the playground. A. is B. are C. has D. have 8. The number of students in our class ______ 50. A. is B. are C. has D. have 9. His family ______ a big one. They ______ all very kind. A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is 10. Not only the students but also the teacher ______ interested in the film. A. is B. are C. am D. be 11. Some of the water ______ been polluted. A. has B. have C. is D. are 12. Ten years ______ a long time for everyone. A. is B. are C. has D. have 13. The police ______ looking for the lost child. A. is B. are C. has D. have 14. This pair of shoes ______ mine. Those shoes ______ his. A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are 15. Nobody but Jim and Tom ______ the secret. A. know B. knows C. knowing D. known 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空(每小题1分,共10分) 1. Everyone ______ (be) here except Tom. 2. Both of the answers ______ (be) correct. 3. Neither he nor I ______ (be) interested in the game. 4. There ______ (be) a pen and some books on the desk. 5. The teacher, as well as his students, ______ (like) music. 6. A number of people ______ (come) to the meeting yesterday. 7. The number of cars in this city ______ (increase) every year. 8. My family ______ (be) watching TV now. 9. Five hundred dollars ______ (be) not enough for the trip. 10. Either you or she ______ (have) to do the work. 三、单句改错(每小题2分,共10分) 1. Everyone in our class like English. __________ 2. Both he and I is from China. __________ 3. There are a book and two pens on the desk. __________ 4. The teacher with his students are going to the park. __________ 5. The number of students are 50 in our class. __________ 四、根据汉语意思完成句子(每小题2分,共10分) 1. 没有人知道答案。 ______ ______ the answer. 2. 我和他都来自英国。 ______ he ______ I ______ from Britain. 3. 桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。 ______ ______ a book and two pens on the desk. 4. 老师和学生们都对这部电影感兴趣。 Not only the students ______ ______ the teacher ______ interested in the film. 5. 我们班的学生人数是50人。 ______ ______ ______ the students in our class ______ 50. 第三讲 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. 【答案】B 【解析】everyone 是复合不定代词,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式 likes。 2. 【答案】A 【解析】both ... and ... 连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 go。 3. 【答案】A 【解析】neither of + 复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 is。 4. 【答案】A 【解析】there be 句型遵循就近原则,最近的主语 some milk 是不可数名词,用单数 is。 5. 【答案】A 【解析】with 引出的短语是插入语,遵循就远原则,真正主语 the teacher 是单数,用 is。 6. 【答案】C 【解析】either ... or ... 连接并列主语遵循就近原则,最近的主语是 I,用 am。 7. 【答案】B 【解析】a number of + 复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式 are。 8. 【答案】A 【解析】the number of + 复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式 is。 9. 【答案】C 【解析】第一空 family 强调整体用 is;第二空 they 指代家庭成员,用复数 are。 10. 【答案】A 【解析】not only ... but also ... 连接并列主语遵循就近原则,最近的主语 the teacher 是单数,用 is。 11. 【答案】A 【解析】some of + 不可数名词 water 作主语,谓语动词用单数,由 been 可知用现在完成时 has。 12. 【答案】A 【解析】表示时间的复数名词 ten years 视为整体,谓语动词用单数 is。 13. 【答案】B 【解析】police 形式单数但意义复数,谓语动词用复数 are。 14. 【答案】A 【解析】this pair of shoes 中 pair 是单数,用 is;those shoes 是复数,用 are。 15. 【答案】B 【解析】but 引出的短语是插入语,遵循就远原则,真正主语 nobody 是单数,用 knows。 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. 【答案】is 【解析】everyone 是复合不定代词,谓语用单数 is。 2. 【答案】are 【解析】both of + 复数名词作主语,谓语用复数 are。 3. 【答案】am 【解析】neither ... nor ... 遵循就近原则,最近的主语 I 用 am。 4. 【答案】is 【解析】there be 句型遵循就近原则,最近的主语 a pen 是单数,用 is。 5. 【答案】likes 【解析】as well as 引出插入语,遵循就远原则,真正主语 the teacher 是单数,用 likes。 6. 【答案】came 【解析】a number of + 复数名词作主语,谓语用复数,由 yesterday 可知用一般过去时 came。 7. 【答案】increases 【解析】the number of + 复数名词作主语,谓语用单数,由 every year 可知用一般现在时 increases。 8. 【答案】are 【解析】family 强调个体成员(正在看电视),谓语用复数 are。 9. 【答案】is 【解析】表示金钱的复数名词 five hundred dollars 视为整体,谓语用单数 is。 10. 【答案】has 【解析】either ... or ... 遵循就近原则,最近的主语 she 是第三人称单数,用 has。 三、单句改错 1. 【答案】like → likes 【解析】everyone 是复合不定代词,谓语动词用单数 likes。 2. 【答案】is → are 【解析】both ... and ... 连接并列主语,谓语动词用复数 are。 3. 【答案】are → is 【解析】there be 句型遵循就近原则,最近的主语 a book 是单数,用 is。 4. 【答案】are → is 【解析】with 引出插入语,遵循就远原则,真正主语 the teacher 是单数,用 is。 5. 【答案】are → is 【解析】the number of + 复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数 is。 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 【答案】Nobody knows 【解析】nobody 是复合不定代词,谓语用单数 knows。 2. 【答案】Both; and; come/are 【解析】both ... and ... 连接并列主语,谓语用复数 come/are。 3. 【答案】There is 【解析】there be 句型遵循就近原则,最近的主语 a book 是单数,用 is。 4. 【答案】but also; is 【解析】not only ... but also ... 连接并列主语遵循就近原则,最近的主语 the teacher 是单数,用 is。 5. 【答案】The number of; is 【解析】the number of + 复数名词作主语,谓语用单数 is。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 8 More than a game.语法精讲精练2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册
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Unit 8 More than a game.语法精讲精练2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册
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Unit 8 More than a game.语法精讲精练2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册
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