Unit 2 课时4 Section B 1a-1f（知识清单）英语新教材人教版九年级上册

该初中英语知识清单围绕“激励人心的人物”主题，系统梳理Unit 2 Section B 1a-1f核心内容。从必背词汇（如scientific、biologist等）入手，聚焦die、spend、protect等高频动词的词形变换、固定搭配及易混辨析，进而延伸至核心句型（如spend...(in) doing、make sure that...等），构建从词汇到语法再到语用的学习支架。 知识链路以“词汇积累—用法突破—句型应用”为逻辑主线，每个知识点配记忆小提示、对比表格及即学即练习题。通过辨析die/dead/death等易混词培养思维品质，借助真实语境例句提升语言能力，习题设计强化学习策略，助力学生高效掌握知识并迁移应用。

Unit 2 Inspiring people Unit 2 Section B 1a-1f 核心知识梳理 一、必背词汇 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 科学（上）的（形容词）：scientific 2. 生物学家（名词）：biologist 3. 所有的；完全的（形容词）：whole 4. 库；银行（名词）：bank 5. 永远（副词）：forever 6. 无线电；收音机（名词）：radio 7. 留下；遗留（短语）：leave behind 8. 收集物；收藏品（名词）：collection 9. 继续存在；继续活着（短语）：live on 10. 探索（名词）：exploration 1. 科学（上）的（形容词）：___________ 2. 生物学家（名词）：___________ 3. 所有的；完全的（形容词）：___________ 4. 库；银行（名词）：___________ 5. 永远（副词）：___________ 6. 无线电；收音机（名词）：___________ 7. 留下；遗留（短语）：___________ 8. 收集物；收藏品（名词）：___________ 9. 继续存在；继续活着（短语）：___________ 10. 探索（名词）：___________ 2、 必会考点 1. On 25 September 2017,the scientific world was shaken by the news that Chinese professor Zhong Yang had died in a car accident.2017 年 9 月 25 日，中国教授钟扬因车祸离世的消息震惊了科学界。 die v.（动词）死；死亡；凋谢；消失 单词 词性 中文释义 die v. 死，死亡；枯萎，凋谢 died v.(过去式 / 过去分词) 死亡（动作已发生） dying adj./v. 现在分词 垂死的；渴望；正在消亡 dead adj. 死的；无生命的（表状态） death n. [C/U] 死亡；去世 记忆小提示： 动词 die 表示短暂 “死亡” 动作；**dead 形容词表 “死的” 状态，可以接时间段**；death 是名词 “死亡”。 固定搭配 1. die from + 外因（车祸、事故、外伤） 死于…… 2. die of + 内因（疾病、悲伤、衰老） 死于…… 3. die out 灭绝，逐渐消失 4. be dying to do sth. 渴望做某事 中考例句 1. The great scientist died in 2017.这位伟大的科学家于 2017 年去世。 2. He died from a car accident.他死于一场车祸。 3. Many wild plants may die out.许多野生植物可能会灭绝。 4. His death made all people sad.他的离世让所有人悲痛。 5. He has been dead for 9 years.他已经去世 9 年了。 6. The dying old man told us his story.这位奄奄一息的老人向我们讲述了他的故事。 易混辨析：die /dead/death /dying 单词 词性 核心用法 例句 die 动词 短暂动作，“死去”，不与一段时间连用 The bird died yesterday. 这只鸟昨天死了。 dead 形容词 表状态 “死的”，可接时间段 The bird has been dead for two days. 这只鸟已经死两天了。 death 名词 死亡，去世，作主语、宾语 We were shocked at his death. 我们对他的离世感到震惊。 dying 形容词 垂死的；渴望的 The dying tree needs water. 这棵快要枯死的树需要浇水。 【即学即练】 1. His grandpa ________ (die) last winter. 2. The ________ (die) of Zhong Yang shocked the whole scientific world. 3. The animal has been ________ (die) for a month. 4. Some animals are ________ (die) out because of human activities. 5. He ________ (die) from a serious illness when he was 60. 【参考答案】 1. died 2. death 3. dead 4. dying 5. died 2. The well-respected biologist had spent his whole life researching plants and seeds.这位受人尊敬的生物学家将毕生精力投入到植物与种子的研究之中。 spend v.（动词）花费；度过；耗费 单词 词性 中文释义 spend v. 花费（时间 / 金钱）；度过 spent v.(过去式 / 过去分词) 花费；度过（spend 变形，不规则变化） spending v. 现在分词 花费；度过 记忆小提示：spend 是不规则动词，spend‑spent‑spent 固定搭配（中考两大核心句型） 1. spend + 时间 / 金钱 + on sth. 在某物上花费时间 / 金钱 2. spend + 时间 + (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事（in 可以省略） #中考例句 1. He spent his whole life researching plants and seeds.他把一生都用来研究植物和种子。 2. I spend two hours on my homework every day.我每天花两小时写作业。 3. She spends much money on books.她在书籍上面花很多钱。 4. They spent three days (in) collecting seeds.他们花了三天时间收集种子。 5. We will spend our holiday in Beijing.我们将要在北京度过假期。 易混辨析：spend /take/cost /pay 单词 主语 含义 常用句型 spend 人 花时间 / 钱；度过 spend…on sth. / (in) doing sth. take it（形式主语） 花费（时间） It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. cost 物 花费（金钱） sth. costs sb. + 钱 pay 人 支付（金钱） pay (钱) for sth. 例句对比 I spend 20 yuan on the pen. 我花 20 元买这支笔。 The pen costs me 20 yuan. 这支笔花了我 20 元。 I pay 20 yuan for the pen. 我为这支笔付 20 元。 It takes me half an hour to read books. 看书花掉我半小时。 【即学即练】 1. Zhong Yang ________ (spend) his whole life studying plants. 2. I often spend one hour ________ (read) books every evening. 3. My mother spent 200 yuan ________ this new bag. 4. They ________ (spend) their summer holiday in Tibet last year. 5. Don’t spend too much time ________ (play) phone games. 【参考答案】1. spent 2. reading 3. on 4. spent 5. playing 3.These special banks protect all kinds of plant seeds,including the ones we need for food,and they make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever.这些特殊的种子库保存着各式各样的植物种子，包括我们粮食作物的种子，确保重要植物不会在地球上永久消失。 ①protect /prəˈtekt/ v.（动词）保护；防护 单词 词性 中文释义 protect v. 保护，防护 protection n. [U] 保护；防护 protective adj. 保护的；防护的 固定搭配（中考高频） 1. protect sb./sth. 保护某人 / 某物 2. protect … from … 保护…… 免受……（伤害、侵害） 3. protect … against … 防御，保护…… 对抗……（危险） 中考例句 1. We should protect wild animals.我们应该保护野生动物。 2. Sunglasses protect our eyes from the strong sunlight.太阳镜保护我们的眼睛不受强光伤害。 3. Trees give protection against the wind.树木可以防风。（protection 名词） 4. She is protective of her little sister.她很爱护自己的妹妹。（protective 形容词） 易混辨析：protect /prevent 单词 含义 搭配 protect 保护（让不受伤害） protect…from… prevent 阻止（不让坏事发生） prevent…from doing sth. 阻止…… 做某事 例句对比 The wall protects the house from rain. 围墙保护房子不受雨水侵袭。 We must prevent children from playing by the river.我们必须阻止孩子在河边玩耍。 【即学即练】 用 protect 适当形式填空 1. We must ________ (protect) our environment. 2. The coat can give you ________ (protect) from the cold wind. 3. We need laws to ________ (protect) these rare plants. 4. Wearing masks can ________ us ________ getting ill.（填介词） 5. This is a ________ (protect) cover for your phone.（形容词） 【参考答案】1. protect 2. protection 3. protect 4. protect; from 5. protective ②including prep.（介词）包括；包含 单词 词性 中文释义 include v. 包括，包含（动词） including prep. 包括…… 在内（介词，放在名词前） included adj. 被包括在内的（放在名词后） 固定搭配 & 中考例句 1. including + 名词 / 代词 包括…… Many students took part in the activity, including Tom.很多学生参加了这次活动，包括汤姆。 2. 名词 + included …… 被包括在内 Many students took part in the activity, Tom included.很多学生参加了这次活动，汤姆也在内。 3. include（动词）作谓语 The price includes breakfast.这个价格包含早餐。 【即学即练】 用 include /including/included 填空 1. There are many fruits, ________ apples and bananas. 2. The price ________ tax（税）. 3. All the people went to the park, Lily ________. 4. Our group has five members, ________ three boys. 5. The book ________ three parts. 【参考答案】1. including 2. includes 3. included 4. including 5. includes ③make sure确保；查明；务必 固定句型（中考高频） 1. make sure + that 从句（that 可省略）确保…… 2. make sure to do sth. 务必 / 一定要做某事 3. make sure of + 名词 弄清、确认某事 中考例句 1. Make sure (that) you finish your homework on time.务必确保你按时完成作业。 2. Please make sure to turn off the lights before you leave.离开前请务必关灯。 3. You’d better make sure of the time of the train.你最好确认一下火车的时间。 4. When he was young,he showed a deep love for and a curiosity about the things he studied.年少时，他就对自己研究的事物满怀热爱与好奇心。 易混辨析：make sure /be sure 短语 含义 常用结构 make sure 设法确保，努力做到 make sure (that)… / make sure to do / make sure of sth be sure 确信，有把握（内心相信） be sure of sth；be sure that…；be sure to do（一定会） 例句对比 Make sure that nobody disturbs me. 务必保证没人打扰我。（行动上去保证） I am sure that nobody will disturb me. 我确信没人会打扰我。（心里确信） 【即学即练】 1. Please make sure ________ (close) the window when you go out. 2. Make sure ________ you get there before 8 o’clock.（填引导词，可省略） 3. You should make sure ________ the facts before you speak.（介词） 4. Make sure that he ________ (know) about the meeting. 5. ________ (务必) to call me when you get home. 【参考答案】 1. to close 2. that（可空着不写）3. of 4. knows 5. Make sure 5. There,he studied radio engineering and later became interested in plants.在那里，他学习无线电工程，后来对植物产生了兴趣。 be interested in对…… 感兴趣 单词 词性 中文释义 interest n./v. n. 兴趣；v. 使…… 感兴趣 interested adj. 感到感兴趣的（修饰人） interesting adj. 有趣的；令人感兴趣的（修饰事物） 核心固定搭配（中考必考） 1. be interested in + 名词 / 代词 /doing sth. 对…… 感兴趣 2. become interested in… 开始对…… 产生兴趣 3. show interest in … 对…… 表现出兴趣 中考例句 1. I am interested in science.我对科学感兴趣。 2. He is interested in collecting seeds.他对收集种子感兴趣。 3. She became interested in history when she was young.她年轻时就对历史产生了兴趣。 4. The book is very interesting.这本书十分有趣。（修饰物用 interesting） 5. He shows great interest in biology.他对生物学表现出浓厚的兴趣。（名词用法） 单词 修饰对象 含义 例句 interested 人 感到感兴趣的 I’m interested in plants. 我对植物感兴趣。 interesting 事物 令人有趣的 That is an interesting story. 那是一个有趣的故事。 【即学即练】 1. My sister is interested in ________ (dance). 2. He became ________ (interest) in plants at university. 3. This is an ________ (interest) movie about scientists. 4. The boy shows great ________ (interest) in space. 5. Lots of students ________ (be) interested in biology. 【参考答案】1. dancing 2. interested 3. interesting 4. interest 5. are 6. He sometimes fell sick,but he always continued with his work.他时常身体抱恙，却始终坚持工作。 feel sick感到不舒服；生病；恶心 单词 词性 中文释义 feel v. 感觉，感到；摸（过去式：felt） sick adj. 生病的；恶心的；想吐的 ill adj. 生病的（多作表语） 核心搭配 1. feel sick 感觉不舒服；恶心想吐 2. fall sick 生病（强调动作，染上病） 3. be sick 生病；呕吐 4. feel + 形容词：感到……（feel tired 感到累；feel sad 感到难过） 中考例句 1. I feel sick. I want to lie down.我感觉不舒服，我想躺下。 2. He fell sick when he was working in the mountains.他在山区工作的时候生病了。 3. She felt sick after eating bad food.吃完变质食物后她觉得恶心。 4. Don’t go out if you are sick.如果你生病了就不要外出。 易混辨析：sick vs ill 单词 用法 例句 sick 可放名词前作定语；也可作表语 a sick boy 一个生病的男孩；He feels sick. ill 大多只做表语，一般不放在名词前 He is ill. 他生病了。❌an ill boy（错误） 【即学即练】 1. He sometimes ________ (feel) sick after long hard work. 2. The old man ________ (fall) sick last winter. 3. I ________ (feel) sick yesterday, so I didn’t go to school. 4. He took care of the ________ (sick) animals. 5. When you ________ (feel) sick, you should rest. 【参考答案】 1. feels 2. fell 3. felt 4. sick 5. feel 7.Together,he and his team collected more than 40 million seeds from over 1,000 types of plants.他和团队一共收集了 1000 多种植物，共计 4000 多万颗种子。 more than超过；多于；不仅仅 > 拓展：more than = over 超过（数量） ①more than + 数词：超过…… More than 100 students took part in the activity.= Over 100 students took part in the activity. 超过 100 名学生参加了这项活动。 ② 后接名词 / 形容词：不仅仅；非常 - He is more than a teacher. He is also our friend.他不仅仅是一位老师，也是我们的朋友。 反义词组 less than 少于，不到 中考例句 1. There are more than one thousand kinds of plants here.这里有一千多种植物。 2. It is more than a job for him.对他来说，这不仅仅是一份工作。 3. He slept for less than five hours last night.他昨晚睡觉不到五个小时。 短语 中文 例句 more than 超过；不仅仅 more than 40 million 超过 4000 万 no more than 仅仅，只不过（强调少） no more than ten 仅仅十个 not more than 至多，不超过 not more than ten 不超过十个 【即学即练】 1. ________ ________（超过）200 children visited the science museum.（同义替换可用 Over） 2. He is ________ ________ (不仅仅) a scientist. 3. There are ________ ________（少于）50 books on the desk. 4. More than 1,000 types of plants ________ (collect) by Zhong Yang’s team.（被动语态） 5. The meeting lasted ________ ________ (多于) two hours. 【参考答案】 1. More than 2. more than 3. less than 4. were collected 5. more than 7. Their hard work provided the world with lots of new information about the plants in China.他们的辛勤工作为世界提供了大量有关中国植物的全新资料。 provide v.（动词）提供；供给；给予 1. provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 2. provide sth. for sb. 把某物提供给某人 两个句型可以同义转换： provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 中考例句 1. The school provides students with books.= The school provides books for students.学校为学生提供书籍。 2. The seed bank provides people with different plant seeds.= The seed bank provides different plant seeds for people.种子库为人们提供各式各样的植物种子。 3. The farmers provided food for the poor.农民们为穷人提供食物。（过去式：provided） 单词 搭配 含义 provide provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. for sb. 主动供给、供应（现成的东西） offer offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth. 主动提出、自愿给予 例句： - The hotel provides guests with hot water. 宾馆向客人供应热水。 - He offered me some help. 他主动给我提供帮助。 【即学即练】 1. The sun provides us ________ light and heat.（介词） 2. They provided lots of seeds ________ the research.（介词） 3. The factory provides workers with new clothes.（同义句转换） The factory ________ new clothes ________ workers. 4. The farm ________ (provide) fresh vegetables for us last year. 5. Schools should provide students ________ good studying conditions. 【参考答案】 1. with 2. for 3. provides; for 4. provided 5. with 8. He once said,"My students will continue on the road of scientific exploration, and the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now.”他曾说过：“我的学生会继续走在科学探索的道路上，而我们收集的种子，或许会在数百年之后生根发芽。” ①continue v. 继续；持续 单词 词性 中文释义 continue v. 继续，持续 continued adj. 持续的 continuing adj. 继续的 continuation n. 继续（了解即可） 中考核心搭配 1. continue with sth. 继续（做）某事，后接名词 2. continue to do sth. 继续去做另一件事 3. continue doing sth. 继续做同一件事 > continue to do 和 continue doing 在初中阶段大多可以互换。 4. continue + 介词短语 继续处于……（continue on… 继续沿着……） 中考例句 1. Please continue with your story.请继续讲你的故事。 2. After a short rest, we continued doing our homework.短暂休息后，我们继续写作业。 3. It continued to rain all night.雨整夜下个不停。 4. He continued on his way.他继续赶路。 同义替换 continue = go on - continue doing = go on doing 继续做（同一件事） - continue to do = go on to do 接着做（另一件事） - continue with sth. = go on with sth. 继续某事 【即学即练】 1. Though he was tired, he continued ________ (work).（两种答案均可） 2. Let’s continue ________ our discussion.（介词） 3. After drinking some water, she continued ________ (read). 4. They will continue ________ on the road of exploration.（不填 / 填介词） 5. The rain continued ________ two hours.（介词 for） 【参考答案】1. working / to work 2. with 3. to read / reading 4. 不填 5. for ②hundreds of数百的；成百上千的 ✨重点语法（中考必考） 1. hundred 前面有具体数字 → hundred 用单数，不加 s，不加 of ✅ two hundred students 两百名学生 2. hundred 前面没有具体数字，表模糊数量 → hundreds of，要加 s + of ✅ hundreds of trees 成百上千棵树 > 同类词记忆：thousand（千）、million（百万）规则完全一样 - three thousand 三千；thousands of 成千上万 - forty million 四千万；millions of 数百万 中考例句 1. Hundreds of visitors come here every year.每年有成百上千的游客来到这里。 2. Hundreds of years ago, people lived a simple life.数百年以前，人们过着简朴的生活。 3. More than two hundred kinds of seeds are kept in the bank.两百多种种子被保存在种子库里。 【即学即练】 1. ________ (hundred) of people took part in the activity. 2. There are eight ________ (hundred) students in our school. 3. ________ of birds fly to the south in winter.（成百上千） 4. He collected four ________ (million) seeds. 5. ________ (thousand) of books are in our library. 【参考答案】1. Hundreds 2. hundred 3. Hundreds 4. million 5. Thousands 1. 必背单词（语法填空高频，词形变换） 单词 词性 释义 词形变形（易错） inspire v. 激励；鼓舞 inspiring（adj. 令人鼓舞的，修饰物）；inspired（adj. 受鼓舞的，修饰人）；inspiration n. 灵感 die v. 死亡；凋谢 died (过去式 / 过去分词)；dying adj. 垂死的；dead adj. 死的（表状态）；death n. 死亡 spend v. 花费；度过 spent (过去式 & 过去分词，不规则) protect v. 保护；防护 protection n. 保护；protective adj. 防护的 include v. 包括；包含 including prep. 包括（置于名词前）；included adj. 包括在内（置于名词后） continue v. 继续；持续 continuing adj. 持续的；continued adj. 延续的 provide v. 提供；供给 provision n. 供给（了解） explore v. 探索；探究 exploration n. 探索；探测；explorer n. 探险家 2. 必背短语（听力、单选、写作） 1. be/become interested in (doing) sth 对…… 感兴趣（in 为介词，后接 doing） 2. fall sick 病倒；feel sick 感到不舒服、恶心 3. make sure (that)… 确保…… 4. make sure to do sth 务必做某事 5. make sure of sth 确认某事 6. spend…on sth 在某物上花费（时间 / 金钱） 7. spend…(in) doing sth 花费…… 做某事 8. protect…from… 保护…… 免受…… 伤害 9. more than = over 超过；不仅仅 10. hundreds of 数百的，成百上千的 11. provide sb. with sth 为某人提供某物 12. provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 13. continue with sth. 继续某事（后接名词） 14. continue to do /doing sth 继续做某事 15. on the road of scientific exploration 在科学探索的道路上 3. 核心句型（课文原句，中考写作万能句型） 句型 1：spend … (in) doing sth. 花费…… 做某事 主语必须是人，in 可以省略 ✅ The biologist spent his whole life researching plants and seeds.这位生物学家毕生都在研究植物和种子。 句型 2：make sure (that)+ 从句 确保…… 从句常用一般现在时表将来，that 可以省略 ✅ They make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever. 它们确保重要的植物不会永远从世界上消失。 句型 3：provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 ✅ Their hard work provided the world with lots of new information. = Their hard work provided lots of new information for the world. 他们辛勤的工作为世界提供了大量关于中国植物的新资料。 句型 4：‑ing 形容词与‑ed 形容词 ‑ing：令人……（修饰事物）；‑ed：感到……（修饰人） ✅ It is an inspiring story. 这是一个鼓舞人心的故事。 ✅ We felt inspired after listening to his words. 听完他的话，我们备受鼓舞。 句型 5：including + 名词 / 名词 + included 包括…… 在内 ✅ These banks protect many seeds, including food seeds. = These banks protect many seeds, food seeds included.这些种子库保护很多种子，包括粮食种子。 句型 6：延续性与短暂动词（die 高频考点） die 短暂动词，不能与 for + 时间段连用，要换成 be dead 状态 ✅ He has been dead for many years. 他已经去世很多年。 句型 7：数字 + hundred (单数) /hundreds of 成百上千 口诀：有数字，无 s 无 of；无数字，有 s 有 of ✅ more than 40 million seeds 四千多万颗种子（million 前有具体数字不加 s） ✅ hundreds of years 数百年 4. 重点易混辨析（单选、语法填空陷阱） 1. die / dead / death / dying die v. 死亡（瞬间动作）；dead adj. 死的（状态，接时间段）；death n. 死亡；dying adj. 垂死的 2. provide / offer provide：供给、供应；搭配 provide sb with sth /provide sth for sb offer：主动给予；搭配 offer sb sth /offer to do sth 3. make sure / be sure make sure：设法、行动上去确保；be sure：内心确信，有把握 4. sick / ill sick 可作定语修饰名词 (a sick man)；ill 大多只作表语，一般不放在名词前 5. continue doing / continue to do 初中阶段大多可互换，continue doing 继续做同一件事；continue to do 接着做另一件事 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Inspiring people Unit 2 Section B 1a-1f 核心知识梳理 一、必背词汇 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 科学（上）的（形容词）：scientific 2. 生物学家（名词）：biologist 3. 所有的；完全的（形容词）：whole 4. 库；银行（名词）：bank 5. 永远（副词）：forever 6. 无线电；收音机（名词）：radio 7. 留下；遗留（短语）：leave behind 8. 收集物；收藏品（名词）：collection 9. 继续存在；继续活着（短语）：live on 10. 探索（名词）：exploration 1. 科学（上）的（形容词）：___________ 2. 生物学家（名词）：___________ 3. 所有的；完全的（形容词）：___________ 4. 库；银行（名词）：___________ 5. 永远（副词）：___________ 6. 无线电；收音机（名词）：___________ 7. 留下；遗留（短语）：___________ 8. 收集物；收藏品（名词）：___________ 9. 继续存在；继续活着（短语）：___________ 10. 探索（名词）：___________ 2、 必会考点 1. On 25 September 2017,the scientific world was shaken by the news that Chinese professor Zhong Yang had died in a car accident.2017 年 9 月 25 日，中国教授钟扬因车祸离世的消息震惊了科学界。 die v.（动词）死；死亡；凋谢；消失 单词 词性 中文释义 die v. 死，死亡；枯萎，凋谢 died v.(过去式 / 过去分词) 死亡（动作已发生） dying adj./v. 现在分词 垂死的；渴望；正在消亡 dead adj. 死的；无生命的（表状态） death n. [C/U] 死亡；去世 记忆小提示： 动词 die 表示短暂 “死亡” 动作；**dead 形容词表 “死的” 状态，可以接时间段**；death 是名词 “死亡”。 固定搭配 1. die from + 外因（车祸、事故、外伤） 死于…… 2. die of + 内因（疾病、悲伤、衰老） 死于…… 3. die out 灭绝，逐渐消失 4. be dying to do sth. 渴望做某事 中考例句 1. The great scientist died in 2017.这位伟大的科学家于 2017 年去世。 2. He died from a car accident.他死于一场车祸。 3. Many wild plants may die out.许多野生植物可能会灭绝。 4. His death made all people sad.他的离世让所有人悲痛。 5. He has been dead for 9 years.他已经去世 9 年了。 6. The dying old man told us his story.这位奄奄一息的老人向我们讲述了他的故事。 易混辨析：die /dead/death /dying 单词 词性 核心用法 例句 die 动词 短暂动作，“死去”，不与一段时间连用 The bird died yesterday. 这只鸟昨天死了。 dead 形容词 表状态 “死的”，可接时间段 The bird has been dead for two days. 这只鸟已经死两天了。 death 名词 死亡，去世，作主语、宾语 We were shocked at his death. 我们对他的离世感到震惊。 dying 形容词 垂死的；渴望的 The dying tree needs water. 这棵快要枯死的树需要浇水。 【即学即练】 1. His grandpa ________ (die) last winter. 2. The ________ (die) of Zhong Yang shocked the whole scientific world. 3. The animal has been ________ (die) for a month. 4. Some animals are ________ (die) out because of human activities. 5. He ________ (die) from a serious illness when he was 60. 2. The well-respected biologist had spent his whole life researching plants and seeds.这位受人尊敬的生物学家将毕生精力投入到植物与种子的研究之中。 spend v.（动词）花费；度过；耗费 单词 词性 中文释义 spend v. 花费（时间 / 金钱）；度过 spent v.(过去式 / 过去分词) 花费；度过（spend 变形，不规则变化） spending v. 现在分词 花费；度过 记忆小提示：spend 是不规则动词，spend‑spent‑spent 固定搭配（中考两大核心句型） 1. spend + 时间 / 金钱 + on sth. 在某物上花费时间 / 金钱 2. spend + 时间 + (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事（in 可以省略） #中考例句 1. He spent his whole life researching plants and seeds.他把一生都用来研究植物和种子。 2. I spend two hours on my homework every day.我每天花两小时写作业。 3. She spends much money on books.她在书籍上面花很多钱。 4. They spent three days (in) collecting seeds.他们花了三天时间收集种子。 5. We will spend our holiday in Beijing.我们将要在北京度过假期。 易混辨析：spend /take/cost /pay 单词 主语 含义 常用句型 spend 人 花时间 / 钱；度过 spend…on sth. / (in) doing sth. take it（形式主语） 花费（时间） It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. cost 物 花费（金钱） sth. costs sb. + 钱 pay 人 支付（金钱） pay (钱) for sth. 例句对比 I spend 20 yuan on the pen. 我花 20 元买这支笔。 The pen costs me 20 yuan. 这支笔花了我 20 元。 I pay 20 yuan for the pen. 我为这支笔付 20 元。 It takes me half an hour to read books. 看书花掉我半小时。 【即学即练】 1. Zhong Yang ________ (spend) his whole life studying plants. 2. I often spend one hour ________ (read) books every evening. 3. My mother spent 200 yuan ________ this new bag. 4. They ________ (spend) their summer holiday in Tibet last year. 5. Don’t spend too much time ________ (play) phone games. 3.These special banks protect all kinds of plant seeds,including the ones we need for food,and they make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever.这些特殊的种子库保存着各式各样的植物种子，包括我们粮食作物的种子，确保重要植物不会在地球上永久消失。 ①protect /prəˈtekt/ v.（动词）保护；防护 单词 词性 中文释义 protect v. 保护，防护 protection n. [U] 保护；防护 protective adj. 保护的；防护的 固定搭配（中考高频） 1. protect sb./sth. 保护某人 / 某物 2. protect … from … 保护…… 免受……（伤害、侵害） 3. protect … against … 防御，保护…… 对抗……（危险） 中考例句 1. We should protect wild animals.我们应该保护野生动物。 2. Sunglasses protect our eyes from the strong sunlight.太阳镜保护我们的眼睛不受强光伤害。 3. Trees give protection against the wind.树木可以防风。（protection 名词） 4. She is protective of her little sister.她很爱护自己的妹妹。（protective 形容词） 易混辨析：protect /prevent 单词 含义 搭配 protect 保护（让不受伤害） protect…from… prevent 阻止（不让坏事发生） prevent…from doing sth. 阻止…… 做某事 例句对比 The wall protects the house from rain. 围墙保护房子不受雨水侵袭。 We must prevent children from playing by the river.我们必须阻止孩子在河边玩耍。 【即学即练】 用 protect 适当形式填空 1. We must ________ (protect) our environment. 2. The coat can give you ________ (protect) from the cold wind. 3. We need laws to ________ (protect) these rare plants. 4. Wearing masks can ________ us ________ getting ill.（填介词） 5. This is a ________ (protect) cover for your phone.（形容词） ②including prep.（介词）包括；包含 单词 词性 中文释义 include v. 包括，包含（动词） including prep. 包括…… 在内（介词，放在名词前） included adj. 被包括在内的（放在名词后） 固定搭配 & 中考例句 1. including + 名词 / 代词 包括…… Many students took part in the activity, including Tom.很多学生参加了这次活动，包括汤姆。 2. 名词 + included …… 被包括在内 Many students took part in the activity, Tom included.很多学生参加了这次活动，汤姆也在内。 3. include（动词）作谓语 The price includes breakfast.这个价格包含早餐。 【即学即练】 用 include /including/included 填空 1. There are many fruits, ________ apples and bananas. 2. The price ________ tax（税）. 3. All the people went to the park, Lily ________. 4. Our group has five members, ________ three boys. 5. The book ________ three parts. ③make sure确保；查明；务必 固定句型（中考高频） 1. make sure + that 从句（that 可省略）确保…… 2. make sure to do sth. 务必 / 一定要做某事 3. make sure of + 名词 弄清、确认某事 中考例句 1. Make sure (that) you finish your homework on time.务必确保你按时完成作业。 2. Please make sure to turn off the lights before you leave.离开前请务必关灯。 3. You’d better make sure of the time of the train.你最好确认一下火车的时间。 4. When he was young,he showed a deep love for and a curiosity about the things he studied.年少时，他就对自己研究的事物满怀热爱与好奇心。 易混辨析：make sure /be sure 短语 含义 常用结构 make sure 设法确保，努力做到 make sure (that)… / make sure to do / make sure of sth be sure 确信，有把握（内心相信） be sure of sth；be sure that…；be sure to do（一定会） 例句对比 Make sure that nobody disturbs me. 务必保证没人打扰我。（行动上去保证） I am sure that nobody will disturb me. 我确信没人会打扰我。（心里确信） 【即学即练】 1. Please make sure ________ (close) the window when you go out. 2. Make sure ________ you get there before 8 o’clock.（填引导词，可省略） 3. You should make sure ________ the facts before you speak.（介词） 4. Make sure that he ________ (know) about the meeting. 5. ________ (务必) to call me when you get home. 5. There,he studied radio engineering and later became interested in plants.在那里，他学习无线电工程，后来对植物产生了兴趣。 be interested in对…… 感兴趣 单词 词性 中文释义 interest n./v. n. 兴趣；v. 使…… 感兴趣 interested adj. 感到感兴趣的（修饰人） interesting adj. 有趣的；令人感兴趣的（修饰事物） 核心固定搭配（中考必考） 1. be interested in + 名词 / 代词 /doing sth. 对…… 感兴趣 2. become interested in… 开始对…… 产生兴趣 3. show interest in … 对…… 表现出兴趣 中考例句 1. I am interested in science.我对科学感兴趣。 2. He is interested in collecting seeds.他对收集种子感兴趣。 3. She became interested in history when she was young.她年轻时就对历史产生了兴趣。 4. The book is very interesting.这本书十分有趣。（修饰物用 interesting） 5. He shows great interest in biology.他对生物学表现出浓厚的兴趣。（名词用法） 单词 修饰对象 含义 例句 interested 人 感到感兴趣的 I’m interested in plants. 我对植物感兴趣。 interesting 事物 令人有趣的 That is an interesting story. 那是一个有趣的故事。 【即学即练】 1. My sister is interested in ________ (dance). 2. He became ________ (interest) in plants at university. 3. This is an ________ (interest) movie about scientists. 4. The boy shows great ________ (interest) in space. 5. Lots of students ________ (be) interested in biology. 6. He sometimes fell sick,but he always continued with his work.他时常身体抱恙，却始终坚持工作。 feel sick感到不舒服；生病；恶心 单词 词性 中文释义 feel v. 感觉，感到；摸（过去式：felt） sick adj. 生病的；恶心的；想吐的 ill adj. 生病的（多作表语） 核心搭配 1. feel sick 感觉不舒服；恶心想吐 2. fall sick 生病（强调动作，染上病） 3. be sick 生病；呕吐 4. feel + 形容词：感到……（feel tired 感到累；feel sad 感到难过） 中考例句 1. I feel sick. I want to lie down.我感觉不舒服，我想躺下。 2. He fell sick when he was working in the mountains.他在山区工作的时候生病了。 3. She felt sick after eating bad food.吃完变质食物后她觉得恶心。 4. Don’t go out if you are sick.如果你生病了就不要外出。 易混辨析：sick vs ill 单词 用法 例句 sick 可放名词前作定语；也可作表语 a sick boy 一个生病的男孩；He feels sick. ill 大多只做表语，一般不放在名词前 He is ill. 他生病了。❌an ill boy（错误） 【即学即练】 1. He sometimes ________ (feel) sick after long hard work. 2. The old man ________ (fall) sick last winter. 3. I ________ (feel) sick yesterday, so I didn’t go to school. 4. He took care of the ________ (sick) animals. 5. When you ________ (feel) sick, you should rest. 7.Together,he and his team collected more than 40 million seeds from over 1,000 types of plants.他和团队一共收集了 1000 多种植物，共计 4000 多万颗种子。 more than超过；多于；不仅仅 > 拓展：more than = over 超过（数量） ①more than + 数词：超过…… More than 100 students took part in the activity.= Over 100 students took part in the activity. 超过 100 名学生参加了这项活动。 ② 后接名词 / 形容词：不仅仅；非常 - He is more than a teacher. He is also our friend.他不仅仅是一位老师，也是我们的朋友。 反义词组 less than 少于，不到 中考例句 1. There are more than one thousand kinds of plants here.这里有一千多种植物。 2. It is more than a job for him.对他来说，这不仅仅是一份工作。 3. He slept for less than five hours last night.他昨晚睡觉不到五个小时。 短语 中文 例句 more than 超过；不仅仅 more than 40 million 超过 4000 万 no more than 仅仅，只不过（强调少） no more than ten 仅仅十个 not more than 至多，不超过 not more than ten 不超过十个 【即学即练】 1. ________ ________（超过）200 children visited the science museum.（同义替换可用 Over） 2. He is ________ ________ (不仅仅) a scientist. 3. There are ________ ________（少于）50 books on the desk. 4. More than 1,000 types of plants ________ (collect) by Zhong Yang’s team.（被动语态） 5. The meeting lasted ________ ________ (多于) two hours. 7. Their hard work provided the world with lots of new information about the plants in China.他们的辛勤工作为世界提供了大量有关中国植物的全新资料。 provide v.（动词）提供；供给；给予 1. provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 2. provide sth. for sb. 把某物提供给某人 两个句型可以同义转换： provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 中考例句 1. The school provides students with books.= The school provides books for students.学校为学生提供书籍。 2. The seed bank provides people with different plant seeds.= The seed bank provides different plant seeds for people.种子库为人们提供各式各样的植物种子。 3. The farmers provided food for the poor.农民们为穷人提供食物。（过去式：provided） 单词 搭配 含义 provide provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. for sb. 主动供给、供应（现成的东西） offer offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth. 主动提出、自愿给予 例句： - The hotel provides guests with hot water. 宾馆向客人供应热水。 - He offered me some help. 他主动给我提供帮助。 【即学即练】 1. The sun provides us ________ light and heat.（介词） 2. They provided lots of seeds ________ the research.（介词） 3. The factory provides workers with new clothes.（同义句转换） The factory ________ new clothes ________ workers. 4. The farm ________ (provide) fresh vegetables for us last year. 5. Schools should provide students ________ good studying conditions. 8. He once said,"My students will continue on the road of scientific exploration, and the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now.”他曾说过：“我的学生会继续走在科学探索的道路上，而我们收集的种子，或许会在数百年之后生根发芽。” ①continue v. 继续；持续 单词 词性 中文释义 continue v. 继续，持续 continued adj. 持续的 continuing adj. 继续的 continuation n. 继续（了解即可） 中考核心搭配 1. continue with sth. 继续（做）某事，后接名词 2. continue to do sth. 继续去做另一件事 3. continue doing sth. 继续做同一件事 > continue to do 和 continue doing 在初中阶段大多可以互换。 4. continue + 介词短语 继续处于……（continue on… 继续沿着……） 中考例句 1. Please continue with your story.请继续讲你的故事。 2. After a short rest, we continued doing our homework.短暂休息后，我们继续写作业。 3. It continued to rain all night.雨整夜下个不停。 4. He continued on his way.他继续赶路。 同义替换 continue = go on - continue doing = go on doing 继续做（同一件事） - continue to do = go on to do 接着做（另一件事） - continue with sth. = go on with sth. 继续某事 【即学即练】 1. Though he was tired, he continued ________ (work).（两种答案均可） 2. Let’s continue ________ our discussion.（介词） 3. After drinking some water, she continued ________ (read). 4. They will continue ________ on the road of exploration.（不填 / 填介词） 5. The rain continued ________ two hours.（介词 for） ②hundreds of数百的；成百上千的 ✨重点语法（中考必考） 1. hundred 前面有具体数字 → hundred 用单数，不加 s，不加 of ✅ two hundred students 两百名学生 2. hundred 前面没有具体数字，表模糊数量 → hundreds of，要加 s + of ✅ hundreds of trees 成百上千棵树 > 同类词记忆：thousand（千）、million（百万）规则完全一样 - three thousand 三千；thousands of 成千上万 - forty million 四千万；millions of 数百万 中考例句 1. Hundreds of visitors come here every year.每年有成百上千的游客来到这里。 2. Hundreds of years ago, people lived a simple life.数百年以前，人们过着简朴的生活。 3. More than two hundred kinds of seeds are kept in the bank.两百多种种子被保存在种子库里。 【即学即练】 1. ________ (hundred) of people took part in the activity. 2. There are eight ________ (hundred) students in our school. 3. ________ of birds fly to the south in winter.（成百上千） 4. He collected four ________ (million) seeds. 5. ________ (thousand) of books are in our library. 1. 必背单词（语法填空高频，词形变换） 单词 词性 释义 词形变形（易错） inspire v. 激励；鼓舞 inspiring（adj. 令人鼓舞的，修饰物）；inspired（adj. 受鼓舞的，修饰人）；inspiration n. 灵感 die v. 死亡；凋谢 died (过去式 / 过去分词)；dying adj. 垂死的；dead adj. 死的（表状态）；death n. 死亡 spend v. 花费；度过 spent (过去式 & 过去分词，不规则) protect v. 保护；防护 protection n. 保护；protective adj. 防护的 include v. 包括；包含 including prep. 包括（置于名词前）；included adj. 包括在内（置于名词后） continue v. 继续；持续 continuing adj. 持续的；continued adj. 延续的 provide v. 提供；供给 provision n. 供给（了解） explore v. 探索；探究 exploration n. 探索；探测；explorer n. 探险家 2. 必背短语（听力、单选、写作） 1. be/become interested in (doing) sth 对…… 感兴趣（in 为介词，后接 doing） 2. fall sick 病倒；feel sick 感到不舒服、恶心 3. make sure (that)… 确保…… 4. make sure to do sth 务必做某事 5. make sure of sth 确认某事 6. spend…on sth 在某物上花费（时间 / 金钱） 7. spend…(in) doing sth 花费…… 做某事 8. protect…from… 保护…… 免受…… 伤害 9. more than = over 超过；不仅仅 10. hundreds of 数百的，成百上千的 11. provide sb. with sth 为某人提供某物 12. provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 13. continue with sth. 继续某事（后接名词） 14. continue to do /doing sth 继续做某事 15. on the road of scientific exploration 在科学探索的道路上 3. 核心句型（课文原句，中考写作万能句型） 句型 1：spend … (in) doing sth. 花费…… 做某事 主语必须是人，in 可以省略 ✅ The biologist spent his whole life researching plants and seeds.这位生物学家毕生都在研究植物和种子。 句型 2：make sure (that)+ 从句 确保…… 从句常用一般现在时表将来，that 可以省略 ✅ They make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever. 它们确保重要的植物不会永远从世界上消失。 句型 3：provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 ✅ Their hard work provided the world with lots of new information. = Their hard work provided lots of new information for the world. 他们辛勤的工作为世界提供了大量关于中国植物的新资料。 句型 4：‑ing 形容词与‑ed 形容词 ‑ing：令人……（修饰事物）；‑ed：感到……（修饰人） ✅ It is an inspiring story. 这是一个鼓舞人心的故事。 ✅ We felt inspired after listening to his words. 听完他的话，我们备受鼓舞。 句型 5：including + 名词 / 名词 + included 包括…… 在内 ✅ These banks protect many seeds, including food seeds. = These banks protect many seeds, food seeds included.这些种子库保护很多种子，包括粮食种子。 句型 6：延续性与短暂动词（die 高频考点） die 短暂动词，不能与 for + 时间段连用，要换成 be dead 状态 ✅ He has been dead for many years. 他已经去世很多年。 句型 7：数字 + hundred (单数) /hundreds of 成百上千 口诀：有数字，无 s 无 of；无数字，有 s 有 of ✅ more than 40 million seeds 四千多万颗种子（million 前有具体数字不加 s） ✅ hundreds of years 数百年 4. 重点易混辨析（单选、语法填空陷阱） 1. die / dead / death / dying die v. 死亡（瞬间动作）；dead adj. 死的（状态，接时间段）；death n. 死亡；dying adj. 垂死的 2. provide / offer provide：供给、供应；搭配 provide sb with sth /provide sth for sb offer：主动给予；搭配 offer sb sth /offer to do sth 3. make sure / be sure make sure：设法、行动上去确保；be sure：内心确信，有把握 4. sick / ill sick 可作定语修饰名词 (a sick man)；ill 大多只作表语，一般不放在名词前 5. continue doing / continue to do 初中阶段大多可互换，continue doing 继续做同一件事；continue to do 接着做另一件事 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $