Unit 1 People of Achievement 语基默写-【优学精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修一同步教参（人教版）

该高中英语知识清单系统梳理了“PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT”单元的语言知识体系。从核心词汇（如crucial、vital）和拓展词汇（如commit→committed→commitment）入手，整合短语（如lead to、insist on）和句型（如定语从句、非谓语动词），通过默写练习（单句语法填空、完成句子）构建从基础积累到综合应用的学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇-短语-句型-练习”逻辑清晰呈现，覆盖Reading and Thinking及Learning About Language & Using Language两部分。习题设计结合语法规则与语境应用，助力提升语言能力，通过屠呦呦、爱因斯坦等人物素材渗透文化意识，培养学生逻辑梳理的思维品质和主动运用的学习能力。

　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 默写练习(一)　Reading and Thinking 一、核心词汇写对 1．crucial adj. 至关重要的；关键性的 2．vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 3．evaluate vt. 评价；评估 4．boil vt.& vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n. 沸腾；沸点 5．liquid n. 液体 adj. 液体的；液态的 6．obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行 7．acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 8．defeat n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜 9．apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然 10．substance n. 物质；物品；事实根据 11．insist vi.& vt. 坚持；坚决要求 12．mostly adv. 主要地；一般地 二、拓展词汇记牢 1．committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commit vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→commitment n．忠诚；投入；奉献；承诺 2．academy n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业的；学术的　 3．objective n．目标；目的 adj.客观的→(反义词)subjective adj.主观的→object n．物体；物品 v．反对，拒绝→objection n．反对；异议 4．botanical adj.植物学的→botany n．植物学；地区植物总称→botanist n．植物学家 5．distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；截然不同的；有区别的；无疑的；明显的→distinction n．区别，差别；杰出，卓越→distinctive adj.独特的，与众不同的 6．analyse vt.分析→analysis n．分析→analyst n．分析师 7．scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→scientifically adv.合乎科学地→science n.科学→scientist n．科学家 1．lead to 导致；促成 2．die from 死于 3．graduate from 毕业于 4．with the objective of 以……为目的 5．get/be stuck 被卡住/困住 6．by chance 偶然；意外地 7．insist on 坚决要求 8．make sure 确保 9．commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.) 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) 1．whose引导非限制性定语从句 This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin，a crucial new treatment for malaria. 今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖被授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的研究促成了青蒿素的发现，而青蒿素是一种治疗疟疾的关键性新型药物。 2．“be thought to do sth.”意为“被认为做某事” Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone. 青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的重要部分，而且人们认为每年仅在非洲它就能挽救10万人的生命。 3．过去分词作后置定语 In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen． 1967年，中国政府组建了一支以发现疟疾新型疗法为目标的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。 4．动词不定式作目的状语 In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease． 1969年，她成为这个项目在北京的负责人，并决定复阅中国古代医学文献，以寻找这种疾病的传统植物疗法。 5．that引导宾语从句 She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties． 她从而有了结论，即煮沸青蒿显然破坏了它的药用特性。 6．“Upon/On doing...”意为“当……时，一……就……” Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country.” 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。在我身后有一个团队，还有我们国家的全体人民。” 7．“It is an honour for...to do sth.”意为“对……来说，做某事是一种荣幸。” It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. 中国的科研和中医药能够在全世界传播，这确实是一种荣幸。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(北师大选必一U2) But if your dream is to be the best and reach the winner's platform, you had better be totally committed to your sport. 2．He acknowledged donating/having donated(donate) a great deal of money to the flooded area. 3．Since they insist on going, we'll simply push the boat with the current and let them go with us. 4．After she graduated from college, she went to Shanghai, where she made great progress and became a manager in a company. 5．Philosophers did not use to make a distinction(distinct) between arts and science. 6．He got defeated(defeat) by the young player, mostly because he was too proud of his skills. 7．As far as I'm concerned, success is the result of efforts, which doesn't happen by chance. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．一听到这个消息，他难以抑制心中的兴奋，高兴地跳了起来。 (Upon/On doing...) Upon/On hearing the news, he was unable to control his excitement and jumped with joy. 2．太极不仅是一种古老的武术形式，还是保持健康的一种有效方法，这是大家所公认的。 It is acknowledged that Tai Chi is not only an ancient martial art, but also an effective way of keeping fit. 3．腿受了重伤的金先生，很快就被送去医院了。(whose引导非限制性定语从句) Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital. 4．学生会坚持要求每个参赛者按时到达学校礼堂。 The Student Union insists that every competitor (should) arrive at the school hall on schedule． 5．我很荣幸邀请你作为特邀嘉宾。 It is a great honour for me to invite you as a special guest. 默写练习(二)　Learning About Language & Using Language 一、核心词汇写对 1．circumstance n．[usually pl.] 条件；环境；状况 2．flow n. 流；流动；流畅；供应 vi. 流；流动 3．chart n. 图表 vt. 记录；制订计划 4．infer vt. 推断；推定 5．theory n. 理论；学说 6．genius n. 天才；天资；天赋 7．patent n. 专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj. 有专利的；受专利保护的 8．passion n. 酷爱；激情 9．extraordinary adj. 不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 10．gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 11．encounter vt. 偶然碰到；遇到 n. 邂逅；遭遇 12．device n. 方法；技巧；装置；仪器 13．sum vt. 总结；概括 n. 金额；款项；总数；总和 14．draft n. 草稿；草案 vt. 起草；草拟 二、拓展词汇记牢 1．conclusion n．结论；推论→conclude v．推断出；得出结论；(使)结束 2．novelist n．小说家→novel n．(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的 3．found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在→foundation n．地基；基础；基金会→founder n．创建者；创始人 4．politician n．从政者；政治家；政客→politics n.政治；政治活动 5．gentle adj.温柔的；文静的→gently adv.温柔地；和缓地 6．institution n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗→institute n．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑 7．consequence n．结果；后果→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.因此；所以；结果 8．professor n．教授→profession n．职业；行业→professional adj.职业的，专业的 n．专业人士　 9．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的→remark n．谈论；言论；评述 vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起 1．wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗 2．flow chart 流程图 3．make contributions to 对……作出贡献 4．theory of relativity 相对论 5．due to 由于 6．come to/into power (开始)掌权；上台 7．as a consequence 因此；结果 8．take up a position 担任；任职 9．pass away 去世 10．sum up 总结；概括 1．It＋特殊动词(短语)＋sb.＋that从句 It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen. 他突然意识到，照片中的其他中国人显然不关心同胞们的遭遇。 2．who引导非限制性定语从句 Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，经常被认为是有史以来最聪明的人之一。 3．现在分词短语作结果状语 After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900． 经过又一年的学习，他设法通过了考试，于1896年进入了大学，1900年毕业。 4．状语从句的省略 While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. 在那里工作时，出于对知识的强烈热爱，他继续学习，于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。 5．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him． 爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。 6．as though引导方式状语从句 He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock． 他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时好像他刚遭到电击似的竖起来。 7．how引导宾语从句 There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework. 甚至还有一个关于他如何帮助一个小女孩的故事。这个女孩曾经敲响他的门，请求他帮她做家庭作业。 8．“it is/was reported that...”意为“据报道……” On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. 1955年4月18日，据报道，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为失去一位杰出的科学家而哀伤。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Despite his illness, he passed away with a smile on his face, surrounded by his loved ones. 2．Under no circumstances should youngsters follow negative information on mass media blindly. 3．In consequence of John's extraordinary idea, Bernard could make some money to support his family. 4．He was encouraged to work hard to make contributions to the country and the people. 5．In conclusion(conclude), I'd like to say how much I've enjoyed staying here. 6．Delighted to know that you have a passion for Tang poetry, I'm writing to inform you of some relevant information about it. 7．When I failed the exam last month and was in low spirits, she patted me gently(gentle) on the shoulder and gave me great encouragement. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．待在农村时，他在空闲时间做了一些科学研究。(状语从句的省略) While staying in the countryside, he did some scientific research in his free time. 2．当她醒来的时候，她发现自己躺在医院里。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语) When she woke up, she found herself lying in hospital． 3．据报道，到目前为止，很多房屋被可怕的地震摧毁。 It is reported that many houses have been destroyed by the terrible earthquake so far. 4．清华大学创建于1911年，是一大批杰出人物的母校。 Tsinghua University, (which was) founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 5．总之，烟民的总数正一点点下降。 To sum up, the total number of smokers is dropping little by little. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $