Unit 4 Meeting the muse（复习讲义）英语外研版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语复习讲义通过表格系统梳理Unit 4“Meeting the muse”的复习要点与重难点，分模块呈现艺术主题词汇（含变形、固定搭配）和非谓语动词作表语语法知识，按“基础积累-能力提升”递进构建知识脉络，清晰体现核心考点的内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，“先练基础”如单句语法填空巩固词汇变形与搭配，“再练提升”如完成句子强化语言运用，培养学生学习能力与思维品质。多样化题型覆盖语法、阅读等，助力不同层次学生提升，为教师精准教学和学生自主复习提供有力支持。

Unit 4 Meeting the muse（复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 掌握艺术、文学、创作灵感话题相关词汇与固定短语，熟记单词词性转换、名词复数、动词变形。 2. 熟练运用非谓语动词作表语，理解不定式、动名词、‑ed/‑ing 分词作表语的核心含义。 3. 掌握非谓语动词作表语对应的各类句型结构，能够辨别‑ing 形容词与‑ed 形容词的区别。 4. 能够运用句型谈论艺术作品、艺术家、创作灵感，可阅读和写作介绍艺术、文化作品的短文。 复习重难点 重点：非谓语动词（to‑do /doing/doing‑ed）作表语的结构；艺术主题常用短语；核心单词词性转换。 难点：辨别‑ing 与‑ed 分词作表语；区分非谓语作表语和谓语动词；写作中正确选用合适的非谓语形式。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：compose v. 作（曲）；创作；组成 变形：composition n. 作品；作曲；组成；composer n. 作曲家 【固定搭配】 ① compose music/songs 作曲 ② be composed of 由……组成 ③ compose oneself 使自己平静下来 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1) The famous musician spent two years ________ (compose) this folk‑style piece of music. (2) This art group is composed ________ artists from different ethnic groups. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)这位作曲家以民间故事为素材创作了一首优美的乐曲。(compose) The ________ ________ a beautiful piece of music based on a folk tale. 【答案】(1) composing (2) of；(1) composer composed 知识点2：distinct adj. 清晰的；明显不同的；独特的 变形：distinction n. 差别；区别；distinctly adv. 明显地；清楚地 【固定搭配】 ① be distinct from 与……截然不同 ② a distinct difference 明显的差异 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1) There is a clear and ________ (distinction) difference between the two art styles. (2) The traditional dance is distinct ________ modern street dance in many ways. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)这幅抽象画作的风格和以往的作品截然不同。(distinct) The style of this abstract painting ________ ________ ________ its former works. 【答案】(1) distinct (2) from；(1) is distinct from 知识点3：innovation n. 革新，创新；新方法 变形：innovate v. 创新；改革；innovative adj. 新颖的，创新的 【固定搭配】 ① technological innovation 技术创新 ② a period of innovation 创新时期 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1) The animation industry depends heavily on creative ________ (innovate). (2) Young artists are encouraged ________ (innovate) on traditional folk art. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)这位巧匠新颖的创作趋势给当地艺术带来了巨大创新。 The creative trend of the technician has brought great ________ ________ local art. 【答案】(1) innovation (2) to innovate；(1) innovation to 知识点4：contrast n. 反差，对比 v. 对比；形成对照 变形：contrasty adj. 反差强的 【固定搭配】 ① in contrast 相比之下 ② in contrast with/to 与……形成对比 ③ contrast A with B 将A与B进行对比 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1) In contrast ________ traditional tales, this animation has an innovative theme. (2) The bright colours of the painting ________ (contrast) sharply with its dark background. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)与民间艺术相比，现代雕塑装置有着明显不同的风格。(contrast) ________ ________ ________ folk art, the installation has a totally different style. 【答案】(1) to/with (2) contrast；(1) In contrast with/to 知识点5：quote n. 引文，引语 v. 引用；引述 变形：quotation n. 引语；引文 【固定搭配】 ① quote from … 引用……（话语/文章） ② quote sb. as saying … 援引某人的话说…… 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1) The artist opened his speech with a famous ________ (quote) from a Greek story. (2) It is not proper ________ (quote) others’ works without permission. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)她在创作动画的时候引用了一则古老的民间故事。(quote) She ________ ________ an old folk tale while creating the animation. 【答案】(1) quote (2) to quote；(1) quoted from 知识点6：motion n. 动，运动 v. 做手势示意 变形：motive n. 动机；motivate v. 激励 【固定搭配】 ① set…in motion 使……开始；启动 ② in motion 在运动中 ③ motion to sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1) The director set the whole project ________ motion after careful discussion. (2) The dancer’s graceful ________ (motion) attracted thousands of viewers. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)这位艺术家的演讲启动了一场传统文化创新运动。(motion) The artist’s speech ________ the cultural movement ________ ________. 【答案】(1) in (2) motions；(1) set; in motion 单元语法：非谓语动词做表语 一、动词不定式作表语 动词不定式可在句中作表语，常用来表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或用来解释主语的内容。 My wish is to be a doctor when I grow up.我的愿望是长大后当一名医生。 What I love best now is to have a relaxing holiday.我现在最喜欢的是有一个轻松的假期。 二、动词­ing形式作表语 1．说明主语的性质、特征等。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等这类词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。 The argument is very convincing.这个论点很令人信服。 Your speech is very interesting and encouraging.你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。 2．表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. ＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.她的工作是保持报告厅尽可能的干净。 The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid. 治疗烧伤的最初也是最重要的一步是施行急救。 三、动词­ed形式作表语 1．动词­ed形式作表语时，表示主语的特征或所处的状态。 The road was lined on both sides with trees.道路两旁都种着树。 Train fares are likely to remain unchanged.火车票价很可能会保持不变。 2．某些动词­ed形式作表语，表示人物所处的心理状态或感情变化，其主语多为人。 这类词又可以被看作是形容词，表示“感到……”，可以被very修饰。常见的有：delighted(感到高兴的)；discouraged(感到泄气的)；astonished(感到震惊的)；frightened(感到害怕的)；excited(感到激动的)；interested(感到有趣的)；pleased(感到高兴的)；puzzled(感到迷惑的)；surprised(感到惊讶的)等。 She looked very excited.她看起来很激动。 He is very interested in English films.他对英语电影很感兴趣。 （时间：30分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1．The product features an (innovation) design that sets it apart from competitors. 【答案】innovative 【详解】句意：这款产品拥有创新设计，使其在同类竞品中脱颖而出。空后是名词design，需要形容词修饰；innovation是名词“创新”，形容词形式为innovative，意为“创新的、新颖的”。 2．What I was to do was (fly) to Topeka to pick up Tiffy. 【答案】to fly/fly 【详解】句意：我要做的事就是飞往托皮卡去接蒂菲。空处应用不定式作表语，解释主语（即要做的事）的具体内容，前有实义动词do，后可以省略to。 3．Beethoven (compose) his Ninth Symphony between 1822 and 1824. 【答案】composed 【详解】句意：贝多芬在1822年至1824年间创作了他的《第九交响曲》。时间状语between 1822 and 1824属于过去的时间段，用一般过去时态，compose的过去式为composed。 4．And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact it. 【答案】with 【详解】句意：而要实现这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与自然互动。 固定搭配interact with sth. 表示“与……互动、相互作用”。 5．The true meaning of the idiom is a far cry from what it means (literal). 【答案】literally 【详解】句意：这个习语的真正含义与其字面意思相去甚远。设空处作状语，修饰动词means，应用副词literally，意为“字面上地”。 6．His speech began with a vivid line (quote) from an old Chinese poem. 【答案】quoted 【详解】句意：他演讲的开头引用了一首中国古诗中一句生动的诗句。分析句子可知，该句已有谓语动词began，空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰空格前的名词短语a vivid line，a vivid line与动词quote之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。 7．I feel a little (embarrass) but I’d really like to meet you. 【答案】embarrassed 【详解】句意：我有点尴尬，但我真的很想见你。作表语，表示人的主观感受，用形容词embarrassed“尴尬的”。 8．Carolyn was (surprise) to see what I had done after returning from shopping; her jaw dropped. 【答案】surprised 【详解】句意：卡罗琳购物回来看到我做的事很惊讶，惊得张大了嘴巴。设空处作表语，修饰人Carolyn，需用-ed形式形容词surprised，表示“感到惊讶的”。 9．There is a clear (distinct) between right and wrong. 【答案】distinction 【详解】句意：对与错之间有明确的区别。此处为there be句型，空格处需用distinct的名词形式distinction作主语，冠词a提示主语为单数。 10．Our duty is (protect) the environment from being polluted. 【答案】to protect 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我们的职责是保护环境免受污染。Our duty是主语，is是系动词，此处应用动词不定式to protect作表语，表示具体的职责或任务。故填to protect。 二、单词拼写 11．The material is so light that it can __________ (漂浮) on the water. 【答案】float 【详解】句意：这种材料很轻，能浮在水面上。结合所给汉语可知答案为float。 12．Some people tried to stop the fight but I didn’t want to get _________(涉及，卷入). 【答案】involved 【详解】句意：有些人试图制止这场打斗，但我不想被卷入其中。根据汉语提示“涉及，卷入”可知，此处为动词involve，此处为非谓语动词作表语，“get +过去分词”为固定用法，空处需填过去分词形式involved。 13．Customers with a strong emotional investment in your company or brand will feel _________ (背叛) if you ever let them down. 【答案】betrayed 【详解】句意：如果你曾经让他们失望，对你的公司或品牌有强烈情感投资的顾客将感到背叛。根据句意可知，动词betray意为“背叛”，和主语Customers之间是被动关系，使用过去分词betrayed(被背叛的)作表语，符合题意。 14．The data _______ (引用) from the latest research is very convincing. 【答案】quoted 【详解】句意：来自最新研究的数据很有说服力。根据汉语提示“引用”可知，应填动词quote，该动词在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语data构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。 15．A huge ______ (数量) of creative ideas comes from the perfect combination of art and technology. 【答案】amount 【详解】考查名词。句意：大量创造性的想法来源于艺术与科技的完美结合。根据汉语提示“数量”可知，此处用名词amount，a huge amount of为固定搭配，意为“大量的”，在句中作定语。故填amount。 16．The perfect ________ (结合) of tradition and modernity makes the art popular worldwide. 【答案】combination 【详解】考查名词。句意：传统与现代的完美结合使得这种艺术在全世界范围内广受欢迎。根据汉语提示可知，这里是名词“combination”，在句中作主语。故填combination。 17．Recycling is becoming a global __________ (趋势), though some countries still lack the facilities to make it effective. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】trend 【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管一些国家仍然缺乏使回收有效的设施，但回收正成为一种全球趋势。空处需用名词作表语，根据汉语提示可知，trend“趋势”，名词，由空前不定冠词a可知，空处名词需用单数。故填trend。 18．The project got ________ (陷入僵局), but Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. 【答案】stuck 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这个项目陷入了僵局，但屠呦呦不肯认输。根据汉语提示“陷入僵局”及“got”可知，此处是固定搭配get stuck，意为“陷入僵局，卡住，动弹不得”。故填stuck。 19．Love him or hate him, the key to Elon Musk’s impact lies in his ________ (革新的) approach and his relentless drive to change the world. 【答案】innovative 【详解】考查形容词。句意：无论爱他或恨他，埃隆·马斯克影响力的关键在于他的革新方法和改变世界的持续动力。根据句意和汉语提示，此处表示“革新的”应用形容词innovative，作定语修饰approach，故填innovative。 20．He translated this article ________ (按照字面意思). 【答案】literally 【详解】考查副词。句意：他按照字面意思翻译了这篇文章。设空处修饰动词translated，需要用副词形式。根据汉语提示，表示“按照字面意思”用literally。故填literally。 三、完成句子 21．年轻人用微信交流已成为一种趋势。 It has become ____________________ to communicate through WeChat. 【答案】a trend for young people 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“年轻人的一种趋势”中的核心信息。“年轻人”对应young people，“一种趋势”对应a trend，本题考查固定句型It has become a trend for sb. to do sth.意为“对某人来说做某事已成为一种趋势”。 22．我的梦想是设立一家我自己的公司。（found） My dream is __________________________ of my own. 【答案】to found a company 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“设立”用dc “found” ，“设立一家公司”表达为动宾短语found a company。用动词不定式“to found a company”作表语，用来解释说明“梦想”的具体内容。故填to found a company。 23．我陷入了内疚和后悔的情绪之中，冲出去向她道歉。 ________________, I rushed out to apologize to her. 【答案】With guilt and regret flowing in my mind 【详解】考查with复合结构。“我陷入……情绪之中”可理解为“让内疚和后悔的情绪在我心中涌动”，用with复合结构，作状语，表示伴随情况，句首单词，首字母大写。表示“内疚和后悔”用guilt and regret。表示“在我心中涌动”用flow in my mind，与guilt and regret之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词flowing，作宾语补足语。故填With guilt and regret flowing in my mind。 24．________________, time seems to pass very slowly in the countryside. 与都市生活相比，在乡村的时间过得似乎很慢。 【答案】In contrast to city life 【详解】考查固定短语。“与……相比”用固定短语in contrast to，句首单词，首字母大写。“都市生活”用city life，作介词to的宾语。故填In contrast to city life。 25．There were lots of people _________ the Mauritshuis. 有许多等待着进入莫瑞泰斯皇家美术馆的人。 【答案】waiting to enter 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“等待做某事”表达为wait to do sth.；本句谓语为were，此处为非谓语动词，lots of people和wait之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，修饰people。表示“进入”用enter。故填waiting to enter。 26．Those two suggestions ________________. 这两个建议截然不同。 【答案】are quite distinct from each other 【详解】考查动词时态和形容词。句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时；表示“截然不同于……”用be quite distinct from；表示“互相”用each other。主谓一致，故填are quite distinct from each other。 27．生活中不仅仅有阳光，还有艰难的日子。（一句多译） Life ________ not only sunshine but also hard times.（consist） Life ________ not only sunshine but also hard times.（make up） Life ________ not only sunshine but also hard times.（compose） 【答案】 consists of is made up of is composed of 【详解】考查动词短语。空处表示“有”，结合提示词可知第一空使用动词短语consist of，第二空使用be made up of，第三空使用be composed of，均含“由……组成”之意，句子是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，主语Life不可数，谓语使用单数。故填①consists of②is made up of③is composed of。 28．The most important thing for us now is ________ ________ the environment. 对我们现在来说，最重要的事情是保护环境。 【答案】 to protect 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句中“最重要的事情”后接表语，用动词不定式“to + 动词原形”表示具体的动作或目的。“保护环境”译为 protect the environment，故填to protect。 29．乔丹说他成功的秘诀是从自己的失败中吸取教训。 Jordan says that the secret to his success is ______ ______ ______ ______. 【答案】 learning from his/the failures 【详解】考查动词短语。“从……中吸取教训”使用动词短语learn from，“失败”使用名词复数failures，此处使用现在分词作表语，强调状态的主动性和持续性，故填①learning②from③his/the④failures。 30．这是她第一次独自旅行，目的是体验不同的生活。 It was the first time ____________ alone, and her intention was ____________. 【答案】 that she had traveled to experience different lives 【详解】考查固定句型、非谓语动词。表示“这是某人第一次做某事”，用固定句型It was the first time (that) sb. had done sth.，从句要用过去完成时。从句中：表示“她”用she，作主语，表示“旅行”用travel，从句谓语用had traveled。表示“体验不同的生活”用experience different lives，此处表示目的是体验不同的生活，用不定式短语to experience different lives，作表语。故填①that she had traveled；②to experience different lives。 四、语法填空 （25-26高二下·重庆大足·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In sci-fi films, robots frequently act as a vital part of futuristic life, participating in industrial production and operating in dangerous environments where human access 1 (restrict). Today, such scenes are becoming a 2 (real) in China. With cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous navigation systems, an increasing number of intelligent robots are working across China, their role ranging from performing repetitive tasks on factory production lines 3 providing real-time assistance on marathon courses. They come in diverse forms, including rescue robots and tea-making robots. What makes the Chinese robot industry brilliant? First, 4 (equip) with “super muscles” — integrated actuators (驱动器), robots become even 5 (advanced), especially compared with previous versions, and are now capable of completing 6 half marathon race in two hours and forty minutes. Strength alone isn’t enough; coordination of limbs (四肢协调) is also essential. Furthermore, with the integration of AI, robots can now reason and learn, 7 (genuine) beginning to “think”. In early 2025, the Yangtze River Delta and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area formed a partnership 8 (establish) highly efficient supply and innovation chains, 9 enables a “robot neighbourhood” ecosystem where a robot’s design and component sourcing can be completed within a single day. In short, China has become an 10 (influence) force in shaping the future of robotics. 【答案】 1．is restricted 2．reality 3．to 4．equipped 5．more advanced 6．a 7．genuinely 8．to establish 9．which 10．influential 【导语】本文主要介绍中国智能机器人的广泛应用、技术优势以及产业协同发展的现状与影响力。 1．考查时态和语态。句意：在科幻电影中，机器人往往是未来生活的重要组成部分，参与工业生产并在人类无法进入的危险环境中作业。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，句子陈述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语human access和restrict是被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语不可数，谓语动词用单数形式。 2．考查名词。句意：如今，这样的场景正在中国成为现实。空前为不定冠词a，后接名词单数，real对应的名词形式为reality，作表语。 3．考查介词。句意：依托顶尖的人工智能和自主导航系统，越来越多的智能机器人在中国各地投入工作，其工作范畴从工厂流水线上的重复性作业延伸至马拉松赛事的实时协助。空处涉及固定搭配range from...to...“从……到……”。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：首先，搭载着“超强肌肉”——集成驱动器，机器人变得更加先进，尤其是相较于以往版本。固定搭配be equipped with“配备有”，此处省略be动词，用过去分词作状语。 5．考查形容词比较级。句意：首先，搭载着“超强肌肉”——集成驱动器，机器人变得更加先进，尤其是相较于以往版本。空前副词even修饰比较级，advanced的比较级为more advanced，符合句意。 6．考查冠词。句意：如今它们能够在两小时四十分钟内完成一场半程马拉松比赛。half marathon race为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指一场赛事，half以辅音音素开头，应用a。 7．考查副词。句意：此外，随着人工智能的融合应用，机器人能够推理和学习，真正地开始“思考”。此处修饰动词beginning，需用副词形式，genuine的副词为genuinely“真正地”。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：2025年初，长三角与粤港澳大湾区达成合作，旨在搭建高效的供应链与创新链，这打造出了“机器人产业圈”生态系统。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表合作的目的。 9．考查定语从句。句意：2025年初，长三角与粤港澳大湾区达成合作，旨在搭建高效的供应链与创新链，这打造出了“机器人产业圈”生态系统。本句为非限制性定语从句，指代前文整句话内容，且在定语从句中作主语，关系代词用which。 10．考查形容词。句意：简言之，中国已成为塑造机器人行业未来的一股重要力量。空后为名词force，需用形容词修饰，influence的形容词形式为influential“有影响力的”。 五、阅读理解 （26-27高三上·湖北·阶段检测）It’s Saturday night and you’ve downloaded a new food delivery app. You’ve scanned the menus, picked some Mexican dishes, placed your order and are now tracking the delivery. But your food never comes — and you never expected it to. It sounds silly if you’ve never tried it, but this viral trend is more popular than you might think. Just one app alone, FoodNeverComes, claims nearly 1 million “appetites satisfied” to date. Why would people bother spending time on apps or websites that are built to never deliver? Ultimately, it’s all about getting a dopamine (多巴胺) hit. Dopamine plays several important roles, including motivating us toward goals and helping your brain learn which actions lead to beneficial outcomes. With these new dopamine platforms, users don’t need to demonstrate payment details but they will experience: anticipation (“I might find something good”), selection (“I control my choices”), and a feeling of confirmation (“My order is placed!”). The only element of the process missing is consumption (“I received it”). These dopamine apps are relatively new, so we don’t yet have specific research on how much they might serve as “gateway behaviors”. A gateway behaviour is an initial behaviour that opens a pathway toward later behaviors becoming more likely. However, this is an area that’s been well studied before in other areas like gaming. And that past research raises potential concerns — particularly since these dopamine apps are designed to be game-like. Remember the old saying, “there’s no such thing as a free lunch”! While these apps might be fun and free, your fake choices can still be incredibly valuable for marketers. Free apps often rely on advertising to pay for making their content free. Apps or websites that use Google AdSense to display their ads use tiny text files stored on your browser to track your online browsing habits. Third-party advertisers, including Google, can then use your history to serve you more targeted ads. If you do purchase that pretend jacket, don’t be surprised if you start seeing more ads for the real thing. 1．Why is the app FoodNeverComes mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To warn against online shopping. B．To show problems with food delivery. C．To lead in a popular phenomenon. D．To illustrate people’s dietary preferences. 2．What can people obtain from dopamine platforms? A．Real products at low prices. B．Suggestions for better choices. C．Payment details for future use. D．A sense of control and excitement. 3．What does the author worry about regarding these dopamine apps? A．They fail to attract enough users. B．They lead to other risky behaviors. C．They charge high fees for services. D．They provide inaccurate information. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Dopamine Apps: A Hidden Trap B．FoodNeverComes: A Popular App C．Google AdSense: A Tracking Tool D．Dopamine Apps: An Entertaining Game 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文围绕一类不提供实际商品配送的多巴胺应用展开介绍，分析了其运作原理，并指出这类应用可能存在引导用户不良行为、泄露用户浏览数据供商家精准营销的潜在风险。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“It sounds silly if you’ve never tried it, but this viral trend is more popular than you might think. Just one app alone, FoodNeverComes, claims nearly 1 million “appetites satisfied” to date. Why would people bother spending time on apps or websites that are built to never deliver? Ultimately, it’s all about getting a dopamine (多巴胺) hit.(如果你从未尝试过，这听起来很愚蠢，但这种病毒式的趋势比你想象的更受欢迎。仅FoodNeverComes这一款应用，就声称迄今为止有近100万人“食欲得到满足”。为什么人们会费心在那些被设计成永远无法交付的应用程序或网站上花时间呢？最终，这一切都是为了获得多巴胺带来的冲击。)”可知，作者首先以FoodNeverComes这款应用为例，引出了当下存在的这种不提供实际配送却广受欢迎的多巴胺应用现象，后文围绕该现象展开分析。因此提及该应用是为了引入文章讨论的热门现象。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“With these new dopamine platforms, users don’t need to demonstrate payment details but they will experience: anticipation (“I might find something good”), selection (“I control my choices”), and a feeling of confirmation (“My order is placed!”).(在这些新型多巴胺平台上，用户不需要提交支付细节，但他们会体验到：期待感（“我可能会找到好东西”）、选择感（“我能掌控自己的选择”）以及确定感（“我的订单已经下好了！”）)”可知，用户可以从这类多巴胺平台获得掌控感和期待带来的兴奋感。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“These dopamine apps are relatively new, so we don’t yet have specific research on how much they might serve as “gateway behaviors”. A gateway behaviour is an initial behaviour that opens a pathway toward later behaviors becoming more likely. However, this is an area that’s been well studied before in other areas like gaming. And that past research raises potential concerns — particularly since these dopamine apps are designed to be game-like.(这些多巴胺应用相对较新，因此我们目前还没有具体研究表明它们可能会在多大程度上成为“入门行为”。入门行为指的是一种初始行为，它会为后续更可能发生的行为开辟通路。然而，这一领域在游戏等其他领域之前已经得到了充分研究，过去的研究引发了人们的潜在担忧——尤其是因为这些多巴胺应用本身就被设计成类似游戏的模式。)”可推知，作者借鉴游戏领域关于入门行为的研究，担忧这类多巴胺应用会成为入门行为，引导用户产生其他风险行为。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段首先引入多巴胺应用这一现象，第二段解释其吸引用户的原理，最后两段作者提出两个潜在问题：一是这类应用可能成为引导其他风险行为的入门行为，二是这类应用会追踪用户的浏览习惯，为广告商提供精准营销的数据，本质上用户的个人数据成为了平台获利的来源。结合最后一段“Remember the old saying, “there’s no such thing as a free lunch”! While these apps might be fun and free, your fake choices can still be incredibly valuable for marketers.(记住那句老话：“天下没有免费的午餐”！虽然这些应用可能有趣又免费，但你的虚假选择对营销人员来说仍然价值极高。)”可知，作者认为这类多巴胺应用实际上是隐藏的陷阱，会消耗用户的个人数据，带来潜在风险，因此最合适的标题是“Dopamine Apps: A Hidden Trap(多巴胺应用：一个隐藏的陷阱)”。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Meeting the muse（复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 掌握艺术、文学、创作灵感话题相关词汇与固定短语，熟记单词词性转换、名词复数、动词变形。 2. 熟练运用非谓语动词作表语，理解不定式、动名词、‑ed/‑ing 分词作表语的核心含义。 3. 掌握非谓语动词作表语对应的各类句型结构，能够辨别‑ing 形容词与‑ed 形容词的区别。 4. 能够运用句型谈论艺术作品、艺术家、创作灵感，可阅读和写作介绍艺术、文化作品的短文。 复习重难点 重点：非谓语动词（to‑do /doing/doing‑ed）作表语的结构；艺术主题常用短语；核心单词词性转换。 难点：辨别‑ing 与‑ed 分词作表语；区分非谓语作表语和谓语动词；写作中正确选用合适的非谓语形式。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：compose v. 作（曲）；创作；组成 变形：composition n. 作品；作曲；组成；composer n. 作曲家 【固定搭配】 ① compose music/songs 作曲 ② be composed of 由……组成 ③ compose oneself 使自己平静下来 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1) The famous musician spent two years ________ (compose) this folk‑style piece of music. (2) This art group is composed ________ artists from different ethnic groups. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)这位作曲家以民间故事为素材创作了一首优美的乐曲。(compose) The ________ ________ a beautiful piece of music based on a folk tale. 知识点2：distinct adj. 清晰的；明显不同的；独特的 变形：distinction n. 差别；区别；distinctly adv. 明显地；清楚地 【固定搭配】 ① be distinct from 与……截然不同 ② a distinct difference 明显的差异 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1) There is a clear and ________ (distinction) difference between the two art styles. (2) The traditional dance is distinct ________ modern street dance in many ways. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)这幅抽象画作的风格和以往的作品截然不同。(distinct) The style of this abstract painting ________ ________ ________ its former works. 知识点3：innovation n. 革新，创新；新方法 变形：innovate v. 创新；改革；innovative adj. 新颖的，创新的 【固定搭配】 ① technological innovation 技术创新 ② a period of innovation 创新时期 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1) The animation industry depends heavily on creative ________ (innovate). (2) Young artists are encouraged ________ (innovate) on traditional folk art. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)这位巧匠新颖的创作趋势给当地艺术带来了巨大创新。 The creative trend of the technician has brought great ________ ________ local art. 知识点4：contrast n. 反差，对比 v. 对比；形成对照 变形：contrasty adj. 反差强的 【固定搭配】 ① in contrast 相比之下 ② in contrast with/to 与……形成对比 ③ contrast A with B 将A与B进行对比 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1) In contrast ________ traditional tales, this animation has an innovative theme. (2) The bright colours of the painting ________ (contrast) sharply with its dark background. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)与民间艺术相比，现代雕塑装置有着明显不同的风格。(contrast) ________ ________ ________ folk art, the installation has a totally different style. 知识点5：quote n. 引文，引语 v. 引用；引述 变形：quotation n. 引语；引文 【固定搭配】 ① quote from … 引用……（话语/文章） ② quote sb. as saying … 援引某人的话说…… 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1) The artist opened his speech with a famous ________ (quote) from a Greek story. (2) It is not proper ________ (quote) others’ works without permission. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)她在创作动画的时候引用了一则古老的民间故事。(quote) She ________ ________ an old folk tale while creating the animation. 知识点6：motion n. 动，运动 v. 做手势示意 变形：motive n. 动机；motivate v. 激励 【固定搭配】 ① set…in motion 使……开始；启动 ② in motion 在运动中 ③ motion to sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1) The director set the whole project ________ motion after careful discussion. (2) The dancer’s graceful ________ (motion) attracted thousands of viewers. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)这位艺术家的演讲启动了一场传统文化创新运动。(motion) The artist’s speech ________ the cultural movement ________ ________. 单元语法：非谓语动词做表语 一、动词不定式作表语 动词不定式可在句中作表语，常用来表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或用来解释主语的内容。 My wish is to be a doctor when I grow up.我的愿望是长大后当一名医生。 What I love best now is to have a relaxing holiday.我现在最喜欢的是有一个轻松的假期。 二、动词­ing形式作表语 1．说明主语的性质、特征等。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等这类词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。 The argument is very convincing.这个论点很令人信服。 Your speech is very interesting and encouraging.你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。 2．表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. ＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.她的工作是保持报告厅尽可能的干净。 The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid. 治疗烧伤的最初也是最重要的一步是施行急救。 三、动词­ed形式作表语 1．动词­ed形式作表语时，表示主语的特征或所处的状态。 The road was lined on both sides with trees.道路两旁都种着树。 Train fares are likely to remain unchanged.火车票价很可能会保持不变。 2．某些动词­ed形式作表语，表示人物所处的心理状态或感情变化，其主语多为人。 这类词又可以被看作是形容词，表示“感到……”，可以被very修饰。常见的有：delighted(感到高兴的)；discouraged(感到泄气的)；astonished(感到震惊的)；frightened(感到害怕的)；excited(感到激动的)；interested(感到有趣的)；pleased(感到高兴的)；puzzled(感到迷惑的)；surprised(感到惊讶的)等。 She looked very excited.她看起来很激动。 He is very interested in English films.他对英语电影很感兴趣。 （时间：30分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1．The product features an (innovation) design that sets it apart from competitors. 2．What I was to do was (fly) to Topeka to pick up Tiffy. 3．Beethoven (compose) his Ninth Symphony between 1822 and 1824. 4．And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact it. 5．The true meaning of the idiom is a far cry from what it means (literal). 6．His speech began with a vivid line (quote) from an old Chinese poem. 7．I feel a little (embarrass) but I’d really like to meet you. 8．Carolyn was (surprise) to see what I had done after returning from shopping; her jaw dropped. 9．There is a clear (distinct) between right and wrong. 10．Our duty is (protect) the environment from being polluted. 二、单词拼写 11．The material is so light that it can __________ (漂浮) on the water. 12．Some people tried to stop the fight but I didn’t want to get _________(涉及，卷入). 13．Customers with a strong emotional investment in your company or brand will feel _________ (背叛) if you ever let them down. 14．The data _______ (引用) from the latest research is very convincing. 15．A huge ______ (数量) of creative ideas comes from the perfect combination of art and technology. 16．The perfect ________ (结合) of tradition and modernity makes the art popular worldwide. 17．Recycling is becoming a global __________ (趋势), though some countries still lack the facilities to make it effective. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 18．The project got ________ (陷入僵局), but Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. 19．Love him or hate him, the key to Elon Musk’s impact lies in his ________ (革新的) approach and his relentless drive to change the world. 20．He translated this article ________ (按照字面意思). 三、完成句子 21．年轻人用微信交流已成为一种趋势。 It has become ____________________ to communicate through WeChat. 22．我的梦想是设立一家我自己的公司。（found） My dream is __________________________ of my own. 23．我陷入了内疚和后悔的情绪之中，冲出去向她道歉。 ________________, I rushed out to apologize to her. 24．________________, time seems to pass very slowly in the countryside. 与都市生活相比，在乡村的时间过得似乎很慢。 25．There were lots of people _________ the Mauritshuis. 有许多等待着进入莫瑞泰斯皇家美术馆的人。 26．Those two suggestions ________________. 这两个建议截然不同。 27．生活中不仅仅有阳光，还有艰难的日子。（一句多译） Life ________ not only sunshine but also hard times.（consist） Life ________ not only sunshine but also hard times.（make up） Life ________ not only sunshine but also hard times.（compose） 28．The most important thing for us now is ________ ________ the environment. 对我们现在来说，最重要的事情是保护环境。 29．乔丹说他成功的秘诀是从自己的失败中吸取教训。 Jordan says that the secret to his success is ______ ______ ______ ______. 30．这是她第一次独自旅行，目的是体验不同的生活。 It was the first time ____________ alone, and her intention was ____________. 四、语法填空 （25-26高二下·重庆大足·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In sci-fi films, robots frequently act as a vital part of futuristic life, participating in industrial production and operating in dangerous environments where human access 1 (restrict). Today, such scenes are becoming a 2 (real) in China. With cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous navigation systems, an increasing number of intelligent robots are working across China, their role ranging from performing repetitive tasks on factory production lines 3 providing real-time assistance on marathon courses. They come in diverse forms, including rescue robots and tea-making robots. What makes the Chinese robot industry brilliant? First, 4 (equip) with “super muscles” — integrated actuators (驱动器), robots become even 5 (advanced), especially compared with previous versions, and are now capable of completing 6 half marathon race in two hours and forty minutes. Strength alone isn’t enough; coordination of limbs (四肢协调) is also essential. Furthermore, with the integration of AI, robots can now reason and learn, 7 (genuine) beginning to “think”. In early 2025, the Yangtze River Delta and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area formed a partnership 8 (establish) highly efficient supply and innovation chains, 9 enables a “robot neighbourhood” ecosystem where a robot’s design and component sourcing can be completed within a single day. In short, China has become an 10 (influence) force in shaping the future of robotics. 五、阅读理解（26-27高三上·湖北·阶段检测）It’s Saturday night and you’ve downloaded a new food delivery app. You’ve scanned the menus, picked some Mexican dishes, placed your order and are now tracking the delivery. But your food never comes — and you never expected it to. It sounds silly if you’ve never tried it, but this viral trend is more popular than you might think. Just one app alone, FoodNeverComes, claims nearly 1 million “appetites satisfied” to date. Why would people bother spending time on apps or websites that are built to never deliver? Ultimately, it’s all about getting a dopamine (多巴胺) hit. Dopamine plays several important roles, including motivating us toward goals and helping your brain learn which actions lead to beneficial outcomes. With these new dopamine platforms, users don’t need to demonstrate payment details but they will experience: anticipation (“I might find something good”), selection (“I control my choices”), and a feeling of confirmation (“My order is placed!”). The only element of the process missing is consumption (“I received it”). These dopamine apps are relatively new, so we don’t yet have specific research on how much they might serve as “gateway behaviors”. A gateway behaviour is an initial behaviour that opens a pathway toward later behaviors becoming more likely. However, this is an area that’s been well studied before in other areas like gaming. And that past research raises potential concerns — particularly since these dopamine apps are designed to be game-like. Remember the old saying, “there’s no such thing as a free lunch”! While these apps might be fun and free, your fake choices can still be incredibly valuable for marketers. Free apps often rely on advertising to pay for making their content free. Apps or websites that use Google AdSense to display their ads use tiny text files stored on your browser to track your online browsing habits. Third-party advertisers, including Google, can then use your history to serve you more targeted ads. If you do purchase that pretend jacket, don’t be surprised if you start seeing more ads for the real thing. 1．Why is the app FoodNeverComes mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To warn against online shopping. B．To show problems with food delivery. C．To lead in a popular phenomenon. D．To illustrate people’s dietary preferences. 2．What can people obtain from dopamine platforms? A．Real products at low prices. B．Suggestions for better choices. C．Payment details for future use. D．A sense of control and excitement. 3．What does the author worry about regarding these dopamine apps? A．They fail to attract enough users. B．They lead to other risky behaviors. C．They charge high fees for services. D．They provide inaccurate information. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Dopamine Apps: A Hidden Trap B．FoodNeverComes: A Popular App C．Google AdSense: A Tracking Tool D．Dopamine Apps: An Entertaining Game 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $