安徽高考阅读微技能第四讲-词义猜测 导学案-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习学案聚焦阅读微技能之词义猜测，系统梳理上下文语境、定义解释等八类猜词技巧，按逻辑层次构建考点体系。通过典型例题引导学生自主归纳方法，形成从基础到语篇的知识网络，体现考点梳理的系统性和层次性。 亮点在于分层练习设计与自主诊断支持，如基础词义猜测40题、语境猜词20题及语篇阅读猜词6篇，答案解析助力学生精准定位薄弱点，培养语言能力与思维品质。每个技巧模块含例题与针对性练习，支持个性化复习路径，教师可依学情指导，有效提升学生自主复习能力。

第四讲 阅读微技能之词义猜测讲与练 ——安徽新高考I卷英语阅读专项突破 历年来安徽高考英语试题中的生词量有增无减。《新课程标准》要求学生："读懂生词率不超过3%的传记、故事、记叙文、科普小品和有关社会文史知识等不同题材的材料。"在英语阅读训练和测试中，生词障碍往往会成为学生的"绊脚石"。这些"绊脚石"的出现大致分五类： 1. 熟词新意，考查词汇表中未出现的词义； 2. 合成词、转化词与派生词，如cost-effective, shoplifting, heartbroken, computer-literate, people-literate, decision-thinking, imperfect等； 3. "灵活"的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解； 4. "新鲜"的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景，一篇文章中人名、地名、专用名称往往会出现多达二十几处； 5. 超纲生词，每年安徽高考英语试卷的阅读理解题中都会出现《大纲》之外的生词、短语和熟词新意的生词五十个左右。 猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面，每年在高考阅读题中都有猜测词义的试题。安徽新高考I卷词义猜测题通常出现在阅读理解C、D篇，难度较大，需要考生综合运用多种猜词技巧。 第一招 利用上下文语境线索 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。 【例1】In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the world's greatest mathematical problem: Fermat's Last Theorem（定理）. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the 17th century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word "baffle" as it is used in the text? A. To encourage people to raise questions. B. To cause difficulty in understanding. C. To provide a person with an explanation. D. To limit people's imagination. 【例2】The elderly woman had a peculiar habit of collecting all sorts of things that others would throw away. Her apartment was filled with old newspapers, broken furniture, and rusty tools. Her family tried to persuade her to clean up, but she insisted that every item was valuable. Neighbors often complained about the smell and the mess, but she paid no attention. The underlined word "peculiar" in the passage is closest in meaning to ________. A. common B. strange C. wonderful D. dangerous 【例3】When the hurricane hit the coastal town, the wind was so strong that it uprooted trees and tore roofs off houses. Residents were evacuated to emergency shelters, where they waited anxiously for the storm to pass. After the storm, the town was left in shambles, with debris everywhere and power lines down. The underlined word "shambles" in the passage probably means ________. A. a state of great disorder B. a beautiful scene C. a quiet place D. a busy market 第二招 利用定义和解释性线索 阅读文章中的有些生词尤其是新闻报道及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is, mean, stand for, namely, in other words, to refer to, in other words等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括弧来表示。留心阅读就可以断定它们的意思。 【例1】Perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spundels, or struggling with their ballalators through the scribe. These words, which I have just made up, have to stand for things and ideas that we simply can't think of. Spundels and ballalators are used in the text to refer to ________. A. tools used in farming B. ideas about modern life C. unknown things in the future D. hunting skills in the Stone Age 【例2】A tsunami is a series of ocean waves that sends surges of water, sometimes reaching heights of over 100 feet (30.5 meters), onto land. These massive walls of water can cause widespread destruction when they crash ashore, often without warning. The term "tsunami" comes from the Japanese words for "harbor" (tsu) and "wave" (nami). According to the passage, a tsunami is ________. A. a type of earthquake B. a series of destructive ocean waves C. a Japanese harbor D. a weather forecast 【例3】Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. This process generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct. Without photosynthesis, life on Earth as we know it would not exist. The underlined word "photosynthesis" in the passage refers to ________. A. the process of breathing B. the process of using sunlight to make food C. the process of drinking water D. the process of growing flowers 第三招 利用因果关系 因果关系的语境，通常由because, so, therefore, so that, so/such...that...等连词体现。 【例1】"But," began Kim, "I feel that since you are my superior(上级), it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do." The word "presumptuous" in the passage is the closest in meaning to "________". A. full of respect B. too confident and rude C. lacking in experience D. too shy and quiet 【例2】The river was so contaminated with industrial waste that the fish all died and the water turned a strange color. Local residents were warned not to drink the water or swim in the river. Environmental agencies were called in to investigate the source of the pollution. The underlined word "contaminated" in the passage probably means ________. A. cleaned B. polluted C. deepened D. widened 【例3】Because of his meticulous attention to detail, the architect's buildings were known for their perfect proportions and flawless construction. Every joint, every angle, every surface was carefully planned and executed. Clients would travel from far away to hire him, knowing that their projects would be completed to the highest standard. The underlined word "meticulous" is closest in meaning to ________. A. careless B. careful C. creative D. quick 第四招 利用对比线索 有时文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一个词，就不难推出另一个词的含义，这时句中多见unlike, although, but, yet, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, instead of, rather than等信息词。 【例1】"Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can't be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated." The underlined word "cultivated" roughly means ________. A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed 【例2】While the professor's lectures were usually tedious and put many students to sleep, his guest lectures were always engaging and full of interesting anecdotes. Students would arrive early to get a good seat, and the lecture hall was always packed. The underlined word "tedious" is closest in meaning to ________. A. interesting B. boring C. short D. difficult 【例3】The manager was known for being frugal with company money, always looking for ways to cut costs and save every penny. In contrast, his predecessor had been extravagant, spending huge amounts on office renovations and luxury business trips. The underlined word "extravagant" probably means ________. A. careful with money B. spending too much money C. hardworking D. honest 第五招 利用同义线索和同等关系 同义词替换可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or, like, similarly等。同等关系是指一个词、一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义属同一范畴。只要我们认识其中一个或几个词或短语，即可确定同等关系中生词的词性、作用和大概意思。 【例1】Quietly, the graying of America has made us a very different society — one in which people have a quite different ideas of what kind of behavior is suitable at various ages. The underlined word "one" refers to ________. A. a society B. America C. a place D. population 【例2】The old man was renowned for his benevolence. Every winter, he would donate coats and blankets to the homeless shelter, and he never turned away anyone who came to his door asking for help. His kindness was known throughout the town. The underlined word "benevolence" is closest in meaning to ________. A. cruelty B. kindness C. wealth D. wisdom 【例3】The scientist's theory was initially met with skepticism from her colleagues. Many doubted her findings and questioned her methods. However, after repeated experiments confirmed her results, the doubt gradually turned to acceptance and admiration. The underlined word "skepticism" probably means ________. A. belief B. doubt C. interest D. fear 第六招 利用例证性线索 某些冷僻的词汇后会举一个例子，使词汇具体易懂。如such as, like, for example, for instance等连接性词语往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的名词。 【例1】You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning. The underlined word "periodicals" refers to ________. A. novels B. newspapers C. magazines D. websites 【例2】The museum displayed various artifacts from ancient civilizations, such as pottery, tools, jewelry, and weapons. Each item was carefully labeled with its origin and approximate age. Visitors could learn a great deal about how people lived thousands of years ago. The underlined word "artifacts" probably means ________. A. modern inventions B. objects made by people in the past C. natural resources D. works of art 【例3】The doctor explained that the patient suffered from several chronic conditions, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and arthritis. These long-term illnesses required ongoing medication and regular check-ups. The underlined word "chronic" is closest in meaning to ________. A. acute B. long-lasting C. rare D. fatal 第七招 根据构词法 阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。 【例1】The reasons for a visit to a lighthouse are not all so backward-looking in time. It is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places. But on a pleasant sunny summer day, this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experience. The underlined phrase "out-of-the-way" means ________. A. far-away B. dangerous C. ancient D. secret 【例2】The company decided to downsize its workforce in order to cut costs and remain competitive. Many employees were laid off, and those who remained had to take on additional responsibilities. The downsizing was difficult for everyone involved. The underlined word "downsize" probably means ________. A. increase the size B. reduce the size C. change the location D. improve the quality 【例3】The scientist was known for his interdisciplinary approach to research, combining methods from biology, chemistry, and physics to solve complex problems. His work bridged the gap between traditional academic fields. The underlined word "interdisciplinary" probably means ________. A. involving multiple fields of study B. limited to one field C. very difficult D. purely theoretical 第八招 利用词性转化 英语中很多单词可以通过词性转化来表达新的含义，如名词转化为动词、形容词转化为名词等。在阅读中遇到熟悉的单词以新的词性出现时，可以根据上下文和其基本含义来推测。 【例1】The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways: education, medicine, and business. The underlined word "aging" means ________. A. counting the number of years someone lives B. the numbers of years someone lives C. becoming older D. making someone looking older 【例2】The politician tried to distance himself from the controversial remarks made by his party leader. He issued a statement saying that he did not share those views and that the comments did not represent his position. The underlined word "distance" in this passage is used as ________. A. a noun meaning "the amount of space between two things" B. a verb meaning "to make someone feel less close or connected" C. an adjective meaning "far away" D. an adverb meaning "far apart" 【例3】The coach reminded the players to stay hydrated during the game, especially since the temperature was expected to reach 35 degrees. He brought extra water and sports drinks to the bench. The underlined word "hydrated" probably means ________. A. having enough water in the body B. being very tired C. feeling hot D. wearing proper clothes 练习一（基础词义猜测） 说明：根据句子语境，选择最佳答案。共40题，建议用时25分钟。 1. Chicken pox can be very serious for a child who is not in good health. The child develops red spots, and feels hot and uncomfortable. A healthy child gets well quickly. A. a kind of animal B. a kind of food C. a kind of childhood disease D. a lack of pure water 2. When an army officer gives a command, his men and women must follow it. A. comma B. order C. question D. present 3. The offspring of a pair of birds leave the nest when they are big enough to fly. A. children B. ancestors C. generations D. mates 4. There is a stack of papers on Mr. Green's desk. A. piece B. balance C. mixture D. pile 5. Mr. Brown is an amateur photographer. He is an engineer. But in his free time he likes to take pictures. A. as a hobby B. for money C. as a job D. as work 6. This small Christmas tree is made of plastic. It is not a real tree. It is artificial. A. beautiful B. not natural C. for a special holiday D. in an art museum 7. Some people like to keep a journal. They write in it every day. They write about what they did, what happened, and what they thought. A. a magazine about scientific research B. a textbook C. a sports magazine D. a notebook about their daily activities 8. Whales and elephants are gigantic animals. No other animals can compare with them in size. A. small B. land C. sea D. huge 9. Hundreds of years ago wild animals ranged over the continent of Europe. A. lived and traveled B. arranged C. ran D. made a loud sound 10. After we paid the bill for our dinner we left a tip for the waiter. A. the very end of something B. money for good service C. information D. piece of advice 11. Bananas, tomatoes, and potatoes are in the produce department of a supermarket. A. fruit and vegetable B. crops C. make or grow D. agriculture 12. Without the atmosphere, we could not breathe. A. the air around the earth B. the height of the mountains C. the water in the ocean D. the size of the cities 13. Scientists predict that there will be 6.3 billion people in the world in the year 2000. A. study the future B. say what will happen in the future C. study the past D. say what happened in the past 14. Floods, droughts, earthquakes, and plane accidents are all disasters. A. bad things that happen B. good things that happen C. natural things that happen D. accidents caused by humans 15. Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads. A. modern B. valuable C. convenient D. cheap 16. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. A. quiet B. calm C. active D. talkative 17. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbors all called her an eccentric lady. A. to get along with easily B. to be different from most people C. to be humor and lovely D. to be serious and beloved 18. Most women in Ghana — the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old — work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. A. repeated B. rich C. uneducated D. sick 19. Dr. Barnard was a member of an agricultural mission to India, a group of experts on better farming methods. A. a group of workers working abroad B. a group of students studying abroad C. a group of tourists travelling in foreign countries D. a group sent abroad to offer help to a foreign country 20. Before the main business of a conference begins, the chairman usually makes a short preliminary speech, or makes a few preliminary remarks. In other words, he says a few things by way of introduction. A. A speech to give a brief introduction. B. A speech to make the atmosphere active. C. A speech to attract the attention of the listeners. D. A speech to make the listeners laugh. 21. Music, for instance, was once as groups' experience. ... For many people now, however, music is an individual experience. A. special B. personal C. serious D. alone 22. I want you to weigh his words carefully. He seems sincere and presents his arguments well. There is, however, something that doesn't quite ring true about the candidate. A. to measure the mass B. to put pressure on a scale C. to think about D. to be important 23. The detective was able to deduce the identity of the murderer from the clues left at the crime scene. Within hours, he had a suspect in custody. A. guess B. work out from evidence C. ignore D. forget 24. The teacher's lucid explanation made the difficult concept easy to understand. Even the weakest students in the class were able to follow her reasoning. A. confusing B. clear and easy to understand C. boring D. too fast 25. The company's profits have been stagnant for the past three years, showing no growth despite efforts to increase sales. A. growing rapidly B. not changing or developing C. decreasing sharply D. unpredictable 26. The politician's speech was full of platitudes, saying nothing new or original. The audience grew restless and began to leave. A. profound truths B. meaningless statements that have been used many times C. strong arguments D. humorous jokes 27. The hiker was resilient, recovering quickly from the fall and continuing up the mountain without complaint. A. weak and fragile B. able to recover quickly from difficulties C. careless and reckless D. slow and cautious 28. The new policy was met with widespread criticism from the public, who felt it was unfair and poorly thought out. A. praise B. disapproval C. indifference D. confusion 29. The scientist spent years meticulously recording data, checking and rechecking every measurement to ensure accuracy. A. carelessly B. with great attention to detail C. quickly D. occasionally 30. The novel's protagonist was a complex character, with both admirable qualities and serious flaws that made her feel real. A. minor character B. main character C. villain D. narrator 31. The museum's new exhibit is a comprehensive overview of the history of aviation, covering everything from the first hot air balloons to modern spacecraft. A. brief and incomplete B. including everything C. very expensive D. poorly organized 32. The athlete's phenomenal performance in the championship game broke three records and earned her the MVP award. A. ordinary B. extraordinary C. disappointing D. expected 33. The teacher noticed a marked improvement in the student's grades after she started attending after-school tutoring. A. slight B. significant C. no D. temporary 34. The company's decision to relocate its headquarters was motivated by the need to reduce costs and access a larger talent pool. A. prevented B. caused C. delayed D. criticized 35. The documentary provided a candid look at the lives of professional athletes, showing both the glamour and the struggles. A. dishonest B. honest and straightforward C. highly fictionalized D. boring 36. The new software has a user-friendly interface that even people with limited computer skills can navigate easily. A. difficult to use B. easy to use C. very expensive D. outdated 37. The professor's lecture was so abstract that many students had difficulty understanding the concepts he was trying to explain. A. concrete and practical B. theoretical and difficult to understand C. humorous D. short 38. The city has implemented several measures to mitigate the effects of air pollution, including restricting car use on high-pollution days. A. worsen B. make less severe C. ignore D. study 39. The novel's ending was ambiguous, leaving readers to wonder what really happened to the main character. A. clear and definite B. unclear and open to interpretation C. disappointing D. happy 40. The team's morale was low after losing three games in a row, but the coach's inspiring speech helped boost their spirits. A. confidence and enthusiasm B. physical strength C. intelligence D. popularity 练习二（语境猜词） 说明：根据句子或短段语境，选择最佳答案。共20题，建议用时15分钟。 1. Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs? The answer is "yes", according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. After a study of 800 persons with high blood pressure, they found that after 6 months, those devoted to weight loss — exercise and eating a low-salt, low-fat food — lost about 13 pounds and became fitter. Plus, 35% of them dropped into the "normal" category(范畴). This week, Dr. Alan Duckworth will tell you how these people reduce their blood pressure to a level similar to what's achieved with Hypertension drugs. "Johns Hopkins" is ________. A. a famous university B. a medical center C. a well-known doctor D. a drug company 2. The President has started using look-alikes during some public appearances. Dave is offered a chance to "serve his country" by becoming one. The underlined word "one" refers to ________. A. the President B. the director C. an actor D. a look-alike 3. As a woman, I feel unsafe here. I spend a bomb on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 p.m. I used to use it, but now I'm afraid. The underlined word "it" refers to ________. A. a taxi B. public transport C. a bomb D. the city 4. The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high. Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. The word "pruned" means ________. A. regular cutting of the plants B. frequent watering C. regular use of chemicals D. growing the plants high in the mountain 5. The most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestors battled nature with the basic tools they had. They had basic tools, and yet they built great civilization. The underlined word "battled" means ________. A. had a fight with B. fought against C. struggled with D. succeeded in 6. The museum is so large that it will take a few days to see all the exhibits. There are many interesting things on display. The underlined word "exhibits" means ________. A. things on show B. things for sale C. things to eat D. things to read 7. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he won't give it up halfway. The underlined word "resolute" means ________. A. strong B. firm C. kind D. clever 8. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. The underlined word "occupation" means ________. A. work B. study C. name D. address 9. The new law will supersede the old one that has been in effect for over twenty years. Many of the regulations in the old law are outdated and no longer relevant to modern society. The underlined word "supersede" probably means ________. A. support B. replace C. strengthen D. copy 10. The teacher's explanation was so ambiguous that the students were even more confused after class than before. They asked for clarification, but the teacher just repeated the same thing. The underlined word "ambiguous" probably means ________. A. very clear B. having more than one possible meaning C. interesting D. too simple 11. The company's CEO was known for his pragmatic approach to business, always focusing on what actually worked rather than on theory or ideology. The underlined word "pragmatic" probably means ________. A. theoretical B. dealing with things in a practical way C. idealistic D. careless 12. The novel was so captivating that I stayed up until three in the morning to finish it. I simply couldn't put it down. The underlined word "captivating" probably means ________. A. boring B. very interesting and attractive C. difficult D. frightening 13. The politician's rhetoric was impressive, but many voters wondered if he would actually follow through on his promises once elected. The underlined word "rhetoric" probably means ________. A. practical actions B. impressive-sounding language C. personal appearance D. financial resources 14. The scientist's groundbreaking research revolutionized the field of genetics, opening up new possibilities for treating genetic diseases. The underlined word "groundbreaking" probably means ________. A. ordinary B. introducing new ideas or methods C. controversial D. incomplete 15. The hotel's amenities included a swimming pool, a fitness center, a spa, and three restaurants. Guests had everything they needed without leaving the building. The underlined word "amenities" probably means ________. A. problems B. desirable features or services C. employees D. rules 16. The negotiations were at an impasse, with neither side willing to compromise. It seemed as though the talks would collapse completely. The underlined word "impasse" probably means ________. A. a successful agreement B. a situation where no progress is possible C. a beginning D. a minor disagreement 17. The teacher's incessant nagging about homework finally got to the students, who started completing their assignments on time just to make her stop. The underlined word "incessant" probably means ________. A. occasional B. continuing without stopping C. gentle D. effective 18. The artist's work was eclectic, combining elements from many different styles and periods. Critics praised her originality and creativity. The underlined word "eclectic" probably means ________. A. limited to one style B. drawing from various sources C. traditional D. boring 19. The new policy had a profound impact on the lives of millions of people, changing the way they worked, lived, and thought about the future. The underlined word "profound" probably means ________. A. slight B. very great and deep C. temporary D. negative 20. The team's unprecedented victory in the championship surprised everyone, including their own coach. No one had expected them to win even a single game. The underlined word "unprecedented" probably means ________. A. expected B. never done or known before C. disappointing D. ordinary 练习三（语篇阅读词义猜测） 说明：阅读下列短文，根据语境猜测词义。共6篇，建议用时20分钟。 Passage 1 The word "dyslexia" is used to describe a person who has difficulty in reading and writing. People with dyslexia have problems with the sounds of language and the rules of spelling. They may also have problems with numbers and with organization. Dyslexia is not a sign of low intelligence, and it is not caused by a lack of effort. Many people with dyslexia are very intelligent and successful. Famous people with dyslexia include Albert Einstein, Thomas Edison, and Winston Churchill. Dyslexia is a neurological condition that affects the way the brain processes written and spoken language. It is a lifelong condition, but with the right help and support, people with dyslexia can learn to read and write well. Early identification and intervention are very important. Children with dyslexia often need special teaching methods and extra time to complete their work. 1. The underlined word "dyslexia" refers to ________. A. a kind of disease that causes low intelligence B. a condition that makes reading and writing difficult C. a lack of effort in learning D. a problem with numbers only 2. The underlined word "intervention" is closest in meaning to ________. A. identification B. treatment and help C. intelligence D. condition Passage 2 In many countries, the practice of tipping has become a controversial issue. Some people argue that tipping creates an unfair system where workers depend on the generosity of customers rather than receiving a fair wage from their employers. Others believe that tipping rewards good service and gives customers a way to express their satisfaction. In the United States, tipping is a common practice in restaurants, where servers typically receive 15 to 20 percent of the bill as a tip. However, in some countries, such as Japan and South Korea, tipping is not customary and may even be considered rude. 3. The underlined word "controversial" means ________. A. widely accepted B. causing disagreement C. completely forgotten D. very traditional 4. The underlined word "customary" is closest in meaning to ________. A. rude B. unusual C. usual and traditional D. generous Passage 3 The concept of "sustainable development" has gained widespread attention in recent years. It refers to development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This means that we must use natural resources wisely, protect the environment, and ensure that economic growth is balanced with social progress. Many countries have adopted sustainable development goals, but implementing them remains a challenge. Businesses are also under increasing pressure to adopt more sustainable practices, such as reducing carbon emissions and using renewable energy sources. 5. The underlined word "compromising" probably means ________. A. improving B. damaging or reducing the quality of C. understanding D. ignoring 6. The underlined word "implementing" probably means ________. A. discussing B. putting into effect C. abandoning D. criticizing Passage 4 The rise of artificial intelligence has sparked both excitement and concern. On one hand, AI has the potential to revolutionize industries from healthcare to transportation, making our lives easier and more efficient. On the other hand, there are fears that AI could displace millions of workers and raise ethical questions about privacy and autonomy. Some experts warn that without proper regulation, AI could be used for harmful purposes, such as surveillance or autonomous weapons. Others argue that the benefits far outweigh the risks and that we should embrace this technological revolution. 7. The underlined word "displace" probably means ________. A. train B. replace C. pay D. encourage 8. The underlined word "autonomy" probably means ________. A. the right to make one's own decisions B. the ability to work hard C. the need for privacy D. the fear of technology Passage 5 The phenomenon of "food deserts" — areas where residents have limited access to affordable and nutritious food — has become a major public health concern in many urban areas. In these neighborhoods, fast food restaurants and convenience stores selling processed snacks are abundant, while full-service grocery stores offering fresh produce are scarce. Residents often have to travel long distances to buy healthy food, or rely on public transportation that may not be reliable. Studies have shown that people living in food deserts are more likely to suffer from diet-related diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. 9. The underlined word "scarce" probably means ________. A. abundant B. not easy to find or get C. expensive D. high quality 10. The underlined word "produce" probably means ________. A. food that is grown, especially fruits and vegetables B. manufactured goods C. dairy products D. canned food Passage 6 The concept of "cultural appropriation" has become a topic of heated debate in recent years. It refers to the adoption of elements of one culture by members of another culture, often without understanding or respecting the original meaning and significance of those elements. Critics argue that cultural appropriation can be harmful because it trivializes sacred traditions and reinforces power imbalances between dominant and marginalized cultures. Supporters, however, contend that cultural exchange has always been a part of human history and that borrowing from other cultures can be a form of appreciation rather than exploitation. The debate often centers on issues such as fashion, music, hairstyles, and religious symbols. 11. The underlined word "trivializes" probably means ________. A. makes something seem less important than it really is B. makes something more valuable C. completely destroys D. carefully preserves 12. The underlined word "contend" probably means ________. A. deny B. argue C. agree D. doubt 参考答案与解析 【例题答案】 第一招：1.B 2.B 3.A 第二招：1.C 2.B 3.B 第三招：1.B 2.B 3.B 第四招：1.D 2.B 3.B 第五招：1.A 2.B 3.B 第六招：1.C 2.B 3.B 第七招：1.A 2.B 3.A 第八招：1.C 2.B 3.A 【练习一答案】 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.A 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.D 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.A 21.B 22.C 23.B 24.B 25.B 26.B 27.B 28.B 29.B 30.B 31.B 32.B 33.B 34.B 35.B 36.B 37.B 38.B 39.B 40.A 【练习一解析（部分难题）】 23. B deduce意为"推断，演绎"，根据线索from the clues left at the crime scene可推断出是"根据证据推断出"。 24. B lucid意为"清晰易懂的"，根据线索made the difficult concept easy to understand可推断。 25. B stagnant意为"停滞的，不发展的"，根据线索showing no growth可推断。 26. B platitudes意为"陈词滥调"，根据线索saying nothing new or original可推断。 27. B resilient意为"有韧性的，能迅速恢复的"，根据线索recovering quickly from the fall可推断。 29. B meticulously意为"一丝不苟地，细致地"，根据线索checking and rechecking every measurement可推断。 31. B comprehensive意为"全面的，综合的"，根据线索covering everything from...to...可推断。 32. B phenomenal意为"非凡的，惊人的"，根据线索broke three records and earned her the MVP award可推断。 38. B mitigate意为"减轻，缓和"，根据线索restricting car use on high-pollution days可推断是减轻污染影响。 40. A morale意为"士气，精神状态"，根据线索boost their spirits可推断。 【练习二答案】 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.B 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.B 15.B 16.B 17.B 18.B 19.B 20.B 【练习三答案】 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.A 12.B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $