Unit 4 课时2 Reading：主题阅读（分层作业）英语新教材沪教版五四学制九年级上册

**基本信息** 以“民俗”主题阅读为核心，分层设计覆盖词汇记忆、语篇应用、交际表达至综合思维，梯度清晰，适配新授课知识巩固与语言能力、文化意识及思维品质培养。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础达标|核心词汇、短语|列表呈现重点词汇及短语，夯实语言基础| |能力提升|语篇理解与词汇运用|选词填空、阅读理解考查词汇在语境中的应用| |拓展培优|句型转换与交际应用|补全对话训练疑问句、同义替换等句型表达| |思维进阶|语法综合与深层思维|语法选择、开放阅读题及语法填空提升综合思维|

Unit4 Folk customs 课时2 Reading：主题阅读（分层作业） 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 一、重点词汇 1. 核心名词 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 custom /ˈkʌstəm/ n.风俗；习俗 identity /aɪˈdentəti/ n.身份 root /ruːt/ n.根源；根 ancestor /ˈænsestə(r)/ n.祖先 festival /ˈfestɪvl/ n.节日 tradition /trəˈdɪʃn/ n.传统 society /səˈsaɪəti/ n.社会 bridge /brɪdʒ/ n.桥梁 harmony /ˈhɑːməni/ n.和谐 background /ˈbækɡraʊnd/ n.背景 connection /kəˈnekʃn/ n.联系 2. 核心动词 exist /ɪɡˈzɪst/ v.存在 explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ v.解释 practise /ˈpræktɪs/ v.践行；实践 identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ v.认同；识别 relate /rɪˈleɪt/ v.联系；有关 celebrate /ˈselɪbreɪt/ v.庆祝 value /ˈvæljuː/ v.重视 achieve /əˈtʃiːv/ v.实现；达成 remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/ v.提醒 unite /juˈnaɪt/ v.团结 3. 核心形容词 clear /klɪə(r)/ adj.显而易见的；清楚的 special /ˈspeʃl/ adj.特殊的 important /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ adj.重要的 different /ˈdɪfrənt/ adj.不同的 strong /strɒŋ/ adj.牢固的；强大的 二、重点短语 1. the mirror of the past 过去的镜子（文章标题） 2. it is clear that … 显而易见……（文中：It is clear that folk customs are very important…） 3. connect … back to … 将……和……联系起来（文中：they connect us back to our roots） 4. identify with 认同；与……产生共鸣（文中：we can identify with them） 5. relate to 理解；与……相关（文中：and relate to them） 6. be celebrated throughout China 在全中国被庆祝（文中：the Spring Festival is celebrated throughout China） 7. focus on 聚焦；注重（文中：there is still the same focus on family and friends） 8. in other words 换句话说（文中：In other words, folk customs are the bridge between the past and the present.） 9. be built on 建立在……之上（文中：Today’s society is built on yesterday’s society.） 10. ways of living 生活方式（文中：they teach us about ways of living in the past） 11. remind sb. that … 提醒某人……（文中：We are reminded that we can learn from history.） 12. encourage harmony 促进和谐（文中：Harmony is encouraged in this way.） 13. people from different backgrounds 来自不同背景的人们（文中：As people from different backgrounds learn about each other） 14. give sb. a strong connection to … 给予某人与……紧密的联系（文中：folk customs give us a strong connection to ourselves, our history and each other.） 一、选词填空 Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can be used only once (将下列单词或短语填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次) A. various B. working C. catching D. mental E. simple On a quiet afternoon in Beijing, Wu Xing sneaks out of his office during lunch break with a small fishing rod. He works as an algorithm researcher (算法研究员), spending most of his day ___1___ with screens and numbers. But beside the water, he finds peace. For him, fishing is like pressing a ___2___ reset button. Fishing, once a hobby for retired men, is now ___3___ the hearts of young people in China. For them, it’s less about catching fish and more about finding calm. With ___4___ tools that fit in a backpack, they can fish anywhere, whether it is by a city moat, a park lake, or a quiet stream. A. reduce B. smiles C. reflect D. ancient E. connects The love of fishing runs deep in Chinese history. Thousands of years ago, Jiang Ziya was said to fish with a straight hook to show that he was waiting for wise rulers, not fish. During the Tang dynasty, poet Liu Zongyuan wrote about a lone fisherman in the snowy cold by the river, showing how fishing can ___5___ one’s peaceful spirit, even in hard times. Today, many young Chinese are bringing this ___6___ calm into their busy modern lives. For Wu, fishing is a simple act that ___7___ past and present, nature and heart. “Ancient poets fished for peace,” he says. “Maybe we’re doing the same thing, just with better rods.” As the sun sets, he packs up his gear and ___8___. “We’re not lying flat,” he adds. “We’re lying in wait.” 二、阅读理解 In ancient China, there were “four treasures of the study”—the writing brush, ink, paper, and the inkstone (砚台). Among all the inkstones, the Chengni inkstone was one of the most famous and was widely loved. The Chengni inkstone first appeared during the Western Han Dynasty, but the skills of making it were lost during the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. Thankfully, today the traditional skills have been revived (恢复) with the help of Lin Yongmao and his son Lin Tao. In 1984, Lin Yongmao began working at the museum in Xinjiang, Shanxi Province. There he read some books about the Xinjiang Chengni inkstone, and then decided to revive the lost skills. It was easier said than done. It took the father and son two years to find proper materials to produce the Chengni inkstone. That was just the first step. After failing many times, they finally succeeded in making two Chengni inkstones in 1991. Three years later, their Chengni inkstones won a gold prize at an expo (博览会) on China’s famous inkstones. But the father and son did not stop there. While improving the skills of making the Chengni inkstone, they set up a workshop in the hope of passing the skills on to young people. They also worked with universities and colleges to make the Chengni inkstone more popular. At the same time, Lin Tao has created special Chengni inkstone products and brought them to competitions at home and abroad to expand the influence (影响) of the Chengni inkstone. 1．What do we know about the Chengni inkstone? A．It has quite a long history. B．It was popular only in Shanxi Province. C．It became famous in the late Qing Dynasty. D．It first appeared during the Eastern Han Dynasty. 2．When did Lin Yongmao and Lin Tao win a gold prize? A．In 1984. B．In 1986. C．In 1991. D．In 1994. 3．Which is the correct order according to the passage? ①Lin Yongmao and his son finally succeeded in making two Chengni inkstones. ②Lin Yongmao began working at the museum in Xinjiang. ③Lin Yongmao and his son set up a workshop. ④Lin Yongmao and his son won a gold prize at an expo. A．①④②③ B．②①④③ C．②①③④ D．④①②③ 4．The underlined word “expand” in the last paragraph means “________”. A．clear B．increase C．destroy D．accept 5．Which of the following can best describe Lin Yongmao and Lin Tao? A．Patient and hard-working. B．Polite and understanding. C．Clever and independent. D．Strict and creative. 三、补全对话 练习 1 Situation: Student (S) talks with a peer counsellor (C) about folk customs. S: Folk customs exist in every country around the world. 1. ________________________________________?（一般疑问句，考查一般现在时） C: Yes, they help people explain their own identity and connect back to their roots. S: Many folk customs have changed over time. 2. ________________________________________?（针对画线状语 “In this way” 提问） C: Harmony between people from different backgrounds is encouraged in this way. S: Could folk customs build a bridge between the past and the present? C: 3. ________________________.（肯定回答） They teach us much about ways of living in the old days. S: Folk customs give people a strong connection to history. 4. ___________________________________.（高级同义替换，原短语：keep close to our history and value our tradition） 练习 2 Situation: Two classmates discuss the importance of folk customs A: Folk customs can unite people all over the world. 1. ________________________________________?（一般现在时一般疑问句） B: Yes, when we practise folk customs, we show others our own culture. A: Society becomes stronger as people from different backgrounds learn about each other. 2. ________________________________________?（针对画线原因状语 “as people from different backgrounds learn about each other” 提问） B: Because people from different backgrounds understand one another, society grows much stronger. A: Can folk customs remind us to learn lessons from history? B: 3. ________________________________________.（肯定回答） We are often reminded of the experience from our past. A: Folk customs are the mirror of the past for us. B: Exactly. Why not learn more folk customs to know our history better? 4. ________________________________________.（同义替换提建议句型） A: I agree. It’s a shame that we cannot keep all old folk customs alive. B: What a shame! 5. ________________________________________.（感叹句改写宾语从句） 四、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 The Qingming Festival is an important festival in China. It’s 1 early April every year. The Qingming Festival is a traditional day to visit the cemeteries (墓地), so people also call it the Tomb-Sweeping Day. Chinese people celebrate it 2 their ancestors (祖先). The Qingming Festival came from the Hanshi Festival during the Spring and Autumn Period. It 3 a festival for Jie Zitui, a loyal minister of Jin. 4 festival later became a more general day to honor ancestors in the Tang Dynasty. It 5 a public holiday in 2008. People have one day off for that day. Of course, the main activity of the Qingming Festival is tomb sweeping. Generally, people visit 6 family cemeteries and offer food, flowers and favorite things of the dead. 7 people in the south of the Yangtze River also eat qingtuan as a special festival food. Besides, Chinese people like to fly kites during the Qingming Festival 8 they believe that the kite could send their greetings to their ancestors. And it could also bring them good 9 . Nowadays, some young people 10 their ancestors’ cemeteries in person. They do tomb sweeping online because they’re busy with work and live far away from their hometowns. 1．A．on B．in C．at D．with 2．A．to remember B．remember C．to refuse D．refuse 3．A．had B．has C．were D．was 4．A．A B．An C．The D．/ 5．A．becomes B．became C．is becoming D．will become 6．A．they B．them C．their D．theirs 7．A．Many B．Much C．Few D．A little 8．A．so B．as soon as C．until D．because 9．A．lucky B．luck C．luckily D．unlucky 10．A．not visit B．not visited C．don’t visit D．didn’t visit 五、阅读回答问题 Crazy for Crabs In ancient China, when autumn arrived, people didn’t just enjoy the cool breeze and falling leaves. They got especially excited about one thing: eating crabs. For many ancient Chinese foodies, the perfect way to celebrate fall was with a plate of fresh crab and a cup of warm wine. According to traditional Chinese medicine, crab is a “cold” food, which can upset the stomach if eaten alone. That’s why people paired it with warm wine. Together, they made a tasty and balanced combination. The feeling was so good that one poet wrote, “There’s no better joy in this world” than enjoying crabs and wine on a mountain top. Many poets and scholars were huge crab lovers. The famous poet Su Dongpo once traded a poem to a friend in exchange for two crabs. Ouyang Xiu chose to retire near a lake simply because the crabs there were cheaper. The writer Li Yu was nicknamed the “Crab Fairy,” because he could eat up to 20 crabs a day and even had a servant dedicated to cooking crabs for him. But the funniest story is about Qian Kun, a government official. When the emperor asked where he wanted to work, he replied, “ anywhere with crabs.” In autumn, crab-themed parties were also popular among the upper class. In the classic novel Dream of the Red Chamber (《红楼梦》), people hosted crab feasts in their gardens. They ate crabs with ginger and vinegar, drank hot wine and wrote poems. During the Song dynasty, chefs invented new ways to prepare crabs. They made crab wontons, crab roe soup buns, and even a creative dish called “crab-stuffed orange.” Later, in the Ming dynasty, people designed a special tool set called the “Eight Crab Tools”. It included hooks (钩子), and even a small hammer, allowing diners to open crab shells neatly and easily. To the ancient Chinese, crabs weren’t just a tasty seasonal delicacy (佳肴). They were a symbol of autumn joy. Even today, crabs still hold a special place on Chinese dinner tables, continuing to bring happiness to food lovers. 1．In ancient China, people got especially excited about eating crabs when summer arrived, didn’t they? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．According to traditional Chinese medicine, why did people pair crabs with warm wine? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．What did Su Dongpo trade to his friend in exchange for two crabs? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．According to paragraph 4, if a person was a farmer, did he always go to the crab-themed parties? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．What was the “Eight Crab Tools” used for? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．Some people think crabs are just a kind of delicious food, while others believe they carry cultural meanings. What’s your opinion? Do you think food can be more than just something to eat? Explain your ideas. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、语法填空 Today, many games depend largely on modern technology. But can you imagine how people in ancient times 1 (have) fun? In fact, many ancient forms of games survive to this day. So people can still play 2 (they) for fun. Spinning tops are one of the 3 (old) toys existing (存在) in the world. They have a history in China of at least 4,000 years. To breathe new life into this toy, larger and larger spinning tops have been made. In one record-breaking event in Guizhou, twenty 4 (player) took turns whipping (抽打) a super huge spinning top. After more than 1,000 whips, they 5 (final) got it to spin! Kites also have a long history of over 2,000 years. It’s said that the world’s 6 (one) kite was flown in Weifang, Shandong. In the beginning, kites were mostly used in the army. People flew kites 7 (send) messages, test the wind and so on. By the time of the Tang Dynasty, they became a popular toy across China. Still, the game 8 (enjoy) by many people today. Every year, at the Weifang International Kite Festival, there 9 (be) thousands of colorful kites filling the sky. Some are like birds and fish; some are like modern cartoon characters. Over thousands of years, 10 (tradition) Chinese games have been passed down. These games never seem to get old. Just like bridges, they connect the past to the present, and tradition to modernity. $Unit4 Folk customs 课时2 Reading：主题阅读（分层作业） 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 一、重点词汇 1. 核心名词 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 custom /ˈkʌstəm/ n.风俗；习俗 identity /aɪˈdentəti/ n.身份 root /ruːt/ n.根源；根 ancestor /ˈænsestə(r)/ n.祖先 festival /ˈfestɪvl/ n.节日 tradition /trəˈdɪʃn/ n.传统 society /səˈsaɪəti/ n.社会 bridge /brɪdʒ/ n.桥梁 harmony /ˈhɑːməni/ n.和谐 background /ˈbækɡraʊnd/ n.背景 connection /kəˈnekʃn/ n.联系 2. 核心动词 exist /ɪɡˈzɪst/ v.存在 explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ v.解释 practise /ˈpræktɪs/ v.践行；实践 identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ v.认同；识别 relate /rɪˈleɪt/ v.联系；有关 celebrate /ˈselɪbreɪt/ v.庆祝 value /ˈvæljuː/ v.重视 achieve /əˈtʃiːv/ v.实现；达成 remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/ v.提醒 unite /juˈnaɪt/ v.团结 3. 核心形容词 clear /klɪə(r)/ adj.显而易见的；清楚的 special /ˈspeʃl/ adj.特殊的 important /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ adj.重要的 different /ˈdɪfrənt/ adj.不同的 strong /strɒŋ/ adj.牢固的；强大的 二、重点短语 1. the mirror of the past 过去的镜子（文章标题） 2. it is clear that … 显而易见……（文中：It is clear that folk customs are very important…） 3. connect … back to … 将……和……联系起来（文中：they connect us back to our roots） 4. identify with 认同；与……产生共鸣（文中：we can identify with them） 5. relate to 理解；与……相关（文中：and relate to them） 6. be celebrated throughout China 在全中国被庆祝（文中：the Spring Festival is celebrated throughout China） 7. focus on 聚焦；注重（文中：there is still the same focus on family and friends） 8. in other words 换句话说（文中：In other words, folk customs are the bridge between the past and the present.） 9. be built on 建立在……之上（文中：Today’s society is built on yesterday’s society.） 10. ways of living 生活方式（文中：they teach us about ways of living in the past） 11. remind sb. that … 提醒某人……（文中：We are reminded that we can learn from history.） 12. encourage harmony 促进和谐（文中：Harmony is encouraged in this way.） 13. people from different backgrounds 来自不同背景的人们（文中：As people from different backgrounds learn about each other） 14. give sb. a strong connection to … 给予某人与……紧密的联系（文中：folk customs give us a strong connection to ourselves, our history and each other.） 一、选词填空 Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can be used only once (将下列单词或短语填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次) A. various B. working C. catching D. mental E. simple On a quiet afternoon in Beijing, Wu Xing sneaks out of his office during lunch break with a small fishing rod. He works as an algorithm researcher (算法研究员), spending most of his day ___1___ with screens and numbers. But beside the water, he finds peace. For him, fishing is like pressing a ___2___ reset button. Fishing, once a hobby for retired men, is now ___3___ the hearts of young people in China. For them, it’s less about catching fish and more about finding calm. With ___4___ tools that fit in a backpack, they can fish anywhere, whether it is by a city moat, a park lake, or a quiet stream. A. reduce B. smiles C. reflect D. ancient E. connects The love of fishing runs deep in Chinese history. Thousands of years ago, Jiang Ziya was said to fish with a straight hook to show that he was waiting for wise rulers, not fish. During the Tang dynasty, poet Liu Zongyuan wrote about a lone fisherman in the snowy cold by the river, showing how fishing can ___5___ one’s peaceful spirit, even in hard times. Today, many young Chinese are bringing this ___6___ calm into their busy modern lives. For Wu, fishing is a simple act that ___7___ past and present, nature and heart. “Ancient poets fished for peace,” he says. “Maybe we’re doing the same thing, just with better rods.” As the sun sets, he packs up his gear and ___8___. “We’re not lying flat,” he adds. “We’re lying in wait.” 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. E 5. C 6. D 7. E 8. B 【导语】本文介绍了现代年轻人重拾钓鱼这一传统活动，通过钓鱼寻找内心平静，并探讨了钓鱼在中国历史中的文化内涵。 【详解】1．句意：他是一名算法研究员，一天中的大部分时间都在对着屏幕和数字工作。根据固定搭配spend time doing sth.，横线处需填动名词，结合语境“对着屏幕和数字”，所给词中working（工作）符合句意。 2．句意：对他来说，钓鱼就像按下了一个精神重置按钮。根据“reset button（重置按钮）”的语境，此处需要形容词修饰，结合前文提到的算法研究员的高压工作状态，所给词中mental（精神的）符合“精神重置”的语境。 3．句意：钓鱼曾是退休老人的爱好，如今正俘获中国年轻人的心。根据横线前的“is now”，此处需填现在分词构成现在进行时，结合语境“俘获年轻人的心”，所给词中catching（抓住/俘获）符合句意，catch the hearts of为固定搭配。 4．句意：有了可以放进背包的简单工具，他们可以在任何地方钓鱼。根据“fit in a backpack（能放进背包）”的描述，说明工具不复杂，所给词中simple（简单的）符合语境。 5．句意：在唐代，诗人柳宗元描写了一个在河边风雪严寒中独自垂钓的渔夫，展现了即使在艰难时期，钓鱼也能反映一个人平静的心境。根据“one’s peaceful spirit（一个人平静的心境）”，结合语境，所给词中reflect（反映）符合“展现/反映心境”的句意。 6．句意：如今，许多中国年轻人正将这种古老的平静带入他们繁忙的现代生活。根据前文提到的“Thousands of years ago（几千年前）”和“Tang dynasty（唐代）”，此处需形容词修饰calm，所给词中ancient（古老的）呼应历史传统。 7．句意：对吴来说，钓鱼是一种简单的行为，它连接着过去与现在、自然与心灵。根据“past and present, nature and heart（过去与现在、自然与心灵）”，此处需要动词表示两者之间的关联，所给词中connects（连接）符合句意。 8．句意：太阳下山时，他收拾好装备，露出了笑容。根据“packs up his gear（收拾装备）”的动作，结合语境，所给词中smiles（微笑）符合“结束钓鱼时的放松状态”。 二、阅读理解 In ancient China, there were “four treasures of the study”—the writing brush, ink, paper, and the inkstone (砚台). Among all the inkstones, the Chengni inkstone was one of the most famous and was widely loved. The Chengni inkstone first appeared during the Western Han Dynasty, but the skills of making it were lost during the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. Thankfully, today the traditional skills have been revived (恢复) with the help of Lin Yongmao and his son Lin Tao. In 1984, Lin Yongmao began working at the museum in Xinjiang, Shanxi Province. There he read some books about the Xinjiang Chengni inkstone, and then decided to revive the lost skills. It was easier said than done. It took the father and son two years to find proper materials to produce the Chengni inkstone. That was just the first step. After failing many times, they finally succeeded in making two Chengni inkstones in 1991. Three years later, their Chengni inkstones won a gold prize at an expo (博览会) on China’s famous inkstones. But the father and son did not stop there. While improving the skills of making the Chengni inkstone, they set up a workshop in the hope of passing the skills on to young people. They also worked with universities and colleges to make the Chengni inkstone more popular. At the same time, Lin Tao has created special Chengni inkstone products and brought them to competitions at home and abroad to expand the influence (影响) of the Chengni inkstone. 1．What do we know about the Chengni inkstone? A．It has quite a long history. B．It was popular only in Shanxi Province. C．It became famous in the late Qing Dynasty. D．It first appeared during the Eastern Han Dynasty. 2．When did Lin Yongmao and Lin Tao win a gold prize? A．In 1984. B．In 1986. C．In 1991. D．In 1994. 3．Which is the correct order according to the passage? ①Lin Yongmao and his son finally succeeded in making two Chengni inkstones. ②Lin Yongmao began working at the museum in Xinjiang. ③Lin Yongmao and his son set up a workshop. ④Lin Yongmao and his son won a gold prize at an expo. A．①④②③ B．②①④③ C．②①③④ D．④①②③ 4．The underlined word “expand” in the last paragraph means “________”. A．clear B．increase C．destroy D．accept 5．Which of the following can best describe Lin Yongmao and Lin Tao? A．Patient and hard-working. B．Polite and understanding. C．Clever and independent. D．Strict and creative. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国古代文房四宝之一的澄泥砚，以及蔺永茂和蔺涛父子如何复兴澄泥砚传统技艺的故事。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The Chengni inkstone first appeared during the Western Han Dynasty”可知，西汉距今历史悠久，所以澄泥砚有很长的历史。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“After failing many times, they finally succeeded in making two Chengni inkstones in 1991. Three years later, their Chengni inkstones won a gold prize at an expo on China’s famous inkstones.”可知，1991 年成功制作出两块澄泥砚，三年后即1994年获奖。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1984, Lin Yongmao began working at the museum in Xinjiang”可知，1984年蔺永茂开始在新绛博物馆工作，所以②排在首位；根据第四段“After failing many times, they finally succeeded in making two Chengni inkstones in 1991”可知，1991年父子俩成功制作两块澄泥砚，所以①排在第二位；再要据“Three years later, their Chengni inkstones won a gold prize at an expo”可知，1994年获奖，所以④排在第三位；根据最后一段“While improving the skills of making the Chengni inkstone, they set up a workshop”可知，他们在提升技艺的同时设立工坊，所以③排在第四位，故顺序为②①④③。故选B。 4．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Lin Tao has created special Chengni inkstone products and brought them to competitions at home and abroad to expand the influence of the Chengni inkstone.”可知，蔺涛创造特殊产品并带到国内外竞赛，目的是增加澄泥砚的影响力；据此可以推断，划线单词“increase”意为“增加”，与“increase”同义。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，蔺永茂和蔺涛为了复兴澄泥砚技艺，经过多次失败仍不放弃，最终成功制作出澄泥砚并获得金奖；他们还开设工作室、创作特殊产品并带到国内外的比赛中，这些都体现了他们的耐心和勤奋。故选A。 三、补全对话 练习 1 Situation: Student (S) talks with a peer counsellor (C) about folk customs. S: Folk customs exist in every country around the world. 1. ________________________________________?（一般疑问句，考查一般现在时） C: Yes, they help people explain their own identity and connect back to their roots. S: Many folk customs have changed over time. 2. ________________________________________?（针对画线状语 “In this way” 提问） C: Harmony between people from different backgrounds is encouraged in this way. S: Could folk customs build a bridge between the past and the present? C: 3. ________________________.（肯定回答） They teach us much about ways of living in the old days. S: Folk customs give people a strong connection to history. 4. ___________________________________.（高级同义替换，原短语：keep close to our history and value our tradition） 【答案及解析】 1. Do folk customs help people know more about their own cultural roots 解析：全文为客观说明文，使用一般现在时一般疑问句，助动词Do提前，谓语动词用原形；提取答句核心信息folk customs、cultural roots，贴合课文考点。 2. How is harmony between different‑background people encouraged 解析：对方式状语“In this way”提问用How；课文为一般现在时被动语态，被动结构be done保留。 3. Yes, they absolutely could. 解析：Could引导一般疑问句，完整肯定回答，副词absolutely加强语气，提升语言层级。 4. stay closely linked to our history and treasure our tradition 解析：keep close to替换为stay closely linked to；value升级为treasure，适配课文词汇。 练习 2 Situation: Two classmates discuss the importance of folk customs A: Folk customs can unite people all over the world. 1. ________________________________________?（一般现在时一般疑问句） B: Yes, when we practise folk customs, we show others our own culture. A: Society becomes stronger as people from different backgrounds learn about each other. 2. ________________________________________?（针对画线原因状语 “as people from different backgrounds learn about each other” 提问） B: Because people from different backgrounds understand one another, society grows much stronger. A: Can folk customs remind us to learn lessons from history? B: 3. ________________________________________.（肯定回答） We are often reminded of the experience from our past. A: Folk customs are the mirror of the past for us. B: Exactly. Why not learn more folk customs to know our history better? 4. ________________________________________.（同义替换提建议句型） A: I agree. It’s a shame that we cannot keep all old folk customs alive. B: What a shame! 5. ________________________________________.（感叹句改写宾语从句） 【答案及解析】 1. Do folk customs make people across the world get closer to one another 解析：客观说明文用一般现在时，Do置于句首构造一般疑问句，沿用课文unite语义，拓展句子信息。 2. Why does society become stronger 解析：画线为原因状语，用Why提问；一般现在时，主语society单数，借助助动词does，动词还原become。 3. Yes, they surely can. 解析：Can引导问句，完整肯定回答，副词surely加强语气。 4. What about studying folk customs to get a better understanding of our history 解析：替换Why not，使用What about doing结构；使用课文短语learn about升级为get a better understanding of。 5. I think it is a shame that we cannot keep all old folk customs alive 解析：I think做主句，that引导宾语从句，复合句考点，改写原感叹句。 四、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 The Qingming Festival is an important festival in China. It’s 1 early April every year. The Qingming Festival is a traditional day to visit the cemeteries (墓地), so people also call it the Tomb-Sweeping Day. Chinese people celebrate it 2 their ancestors (祖先). The Qingming Festival came from the Hanshi Festival during the Spring and Autumn Period. It 3 a festival for Jie Zitui, a loyal minister of Jin. 4 festival later became a more general day to honor ancestors in the Tang Dynasty. It 5 a public holiday in 2008. People have one day off for that day. Of course, the main activity of the Qingming Festival is tomb sweeping. Generally, people visit 6 family cemeteries and offer food, flowers and favorite things of the dead. 7 people in the south of the Yangtze River also eat qingtuan as a special festival food. Besides, Chinese people like to fly kites during the Qingming Festival 8 they believe that the kite could send their greetings to their ancestors. And it could also bring them good 9 . Nowadays, some young people 10 their ancestors’ cemeteries in person. They do tomb sweeping online because they’re busy with work and live far away from their hometowns. 1．A．on B．in C．at D．with 2．A．to remember B．remember C．to refuse D．refuse 3．A．had B．has C．were D．was 4．A．A B．An C．The D．/ 5．A．becomes B．became C．is becoming D．will become 6．A．they B．them C．their D．theirs 7．A．Many B．Much C．Few D．A little 8．A．so B．as soon as C．until D．because 9．A．lucky B．luck C．luckily D．unlucky 10．A．not visit B．not visited C．don’t visit D．didn’t visit 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文介绍了清明节的日期、起源、习俗及现代变化，包括扫墓、吃青团、放风筝及网上祭祀等活动。 【详解】1．句意：它在每年四月初。 空格后“early April”是月份，可知月份前用介词in。 2．句意：中国人庆祝它为了纪念祖先。 根据上下文逻辑表目的，可知用动词不定式to remember。 3．句意：它是为了纪念介子推的节日。 时间状语“Spring and Autumn Period”是过去时间，可知用一般过去时。主语It单数，be动词用was，had语义不通。 4．句意：这个节日后来在唐朝变成了更普遍的日子。 根据前文已提及该节日，可知表特指，用定冠词The。 5．句意：它在 2008 年成为公共假日。 时间状语“in 2008”是过去时间，可知用一般过去时，became符合时态。 6．句意：人们参观他们的家族墓地。 修饰名词“family cemeteries”，用形容词性物主代词，因此their符合语法。 7．句意：许多长江以南的人也吃青团。 根据“ people in the south of the Yangtze River also eat qingtuan as a special festival food”可知，此处指很多人吃青团，people是复数可数名词，用Many修饰。 8．句意：中国人喜欢放风筝因为他们相信风筝能送去问候。 根据前后句是因果关系，可知后句解释原因，用because引导原因状语从句。 9．句意：它也能带给他们好运。 good是形容词，修饰名词，luck是名词，符合语法。 10．句意：如今，一些年轻人不亲自去祖先墓地。 时间状语“Nowadays”及后句“They do tomb sweeping online”，可知用一般现在时否定，don't visit符合时态和结构。 五、阅读回答问题 Crazy for Crabs In ancient China, when autumn arrived, people didn’t just enjoy the cool breeze and falling leaves. They got especially excited about one thing: eating crabs. For many ancient Chinese foodies, the perfect way to celebrate fall was with a plate of fresh crab and a cup of warm wine. According to traditional Chinese medicine, crab is a “cold” food, which can upset the stomach if eaten alone. That’s why people paired it with warm wine. Together, they made a tasty and balanced combination. The feeling was so good that one poet wrote, “There’s no better joy in this world” than enjoying crabs and wine on a mountain top. Many poets and scholars were huge crab lovers. The famous poet Su Dongpo once traded a poem to a friend in exchange for two crabs. Ouyang Xiu chose to retire near a lake simply because the crabs there were cheaper. The writer Li Yu was nicknamed the “Crab Fairy,” because he could eat up to 20 crabs a day and even had a servant dedicated to cooking crabs for him. But the funniest story is about Qian Kun, a government official. When the emperor asked where he wanted to work, he replied, “ anywhere with crabs.” In autumn, crab-themed parties were also popular among the upper class. In the classic novel Dream of the Red Chamber (《红楼梦》), people hosted crab feasts in their gardens. They ate crabs with ginger and vinegar, drank hot wine and wrote poems. During the Song dynasty, chefs invented new ways to prepare crabs. They made crab wontons, crab roe soup buns, and even a creative dish called “crab-stuffed orange.” Later, in the Ming dynasty, people designed a special tool set called the “Eight Crab Tools”. It included hooks (钩子), and even a small hammer, allowing diners to open crab shells neatly and easily. To the ancient Chinese, crabs weren’t just a tasty seasonal delicacy (佳肴). They were a symbol of autumn joy. Even today, crabs still hold a special place on Chinese dinner tables, continuing to bring happiness to food lovers. 1．In ancient China, people got especially excited about eating crabs when summer arrived, didn’t they? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．According to traditional Chinese medicine, why did people pair crabs with warm wine? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．What did Su Dongpo trade to his friend in exchange for two crabs? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．According to paragraph 4, if a person was a farmer, did he always go to the crab-themed parties? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．What was the “Eight Crab Tools” used for? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．Some people think crabs are just a kind of delicious food, while others believe they carry cultural meanings. What’s your opinion? Do you think food can be more than just something to eat? Explain your ideas. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．No, they didn’t. 2．Because crab is a “cold” food, which can upset the stomach if eaten alone, and warm wine can balance it. 3．A poem. 4．No, he didn’t. 5．It was used for opening crab shells neatly and easily. 6．开放式问题，言之有理即可。I believe crabs are more than food—they carry cultural meanings. Food can be more than just sustenance. For example, crabs in ancient China stood for autumn joy, tied to people’s gatherings and poems. Like Chinese Spring Festival dumplings, which symbolize reunion, food carries culture, emotions and traditions. 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国古代螃蟹是秋日美味和文化的象征，至今仍具有特殊饮食文化地位。 【详解】1．根据“In ancient China, when autumn arrived...They got especially excited about one thing: eating crabs.”可知，在古代中国，每到秋天，人民不只是欣赏凉爽的秋风和落叶。有一件事让他们格外兴奋：吃螃蟹，说明是在秋天而非夏天。故填No, they didn’t.。 2．根据“According to traditional Chinese medicine, crab is a “cold” food, which can upset the stomach if eaten alone. That’s why people paired it with warm wine. Together, they made a tasty and balanced combination.”可知，螃蟹性“寒”，单独吃会伤胃，温酒可以平衡其寒性。故填Because crab is a “cold” food, which can upset the stomach if eaten alone, and warm wine can balance it. 3．根据“The famous poet Su Dongpo once traded a poem to a friend in exchange for two crabs.”可知，著名诗人苏东坡曾用一首诗和朋友交换两只螃蟹。故填A poem. 4．根据“In autumn, crab-themed parties were also popular among the upper class.”可知，说明这类螃蟹宴在贵族阶层中流行，农民不属于这个阶层，所以不会经常参加。故填No, he didn’t. 5．根据“Later, in the Ming dynasty, people designed a special tool set called the ‘Eight Crab Tools’. It included hooks (钩子), and even a small hammer, allowing diners to open crab shells neatly and easily.”可知，其用途是方便食客整齐且轻松地打开蟹壳。故填It was used for opening crab shells neatly and easily. 6．根据“In ancient China, when autumn arrived, people didn’t just enjoy the cool breeze and falling leaves. They got especially excited about one thing: eating crabs.”和“To the ancient Chinese, crabs weren’t just a tasty seasonal delicacy (佳肴). They were a symbol of autumn joy. Even today, crabs still hold a special place on Chinese dinner tables, continuing to bring happiness to food lovers.”可知，在中国古代，螃蟹配温酒是庆祝秋天的绝佳方式，它们是秋日欢愉的象征，即便在今天，螃蟹继续为美食爱好者带来快乐。这体现了文化的传承。故填I believe crabs are more than food—they carry cultural meanings. Food can be more than just sustenance. For example, crabs in ancient China stood for autumn joy, tied to people’s gatherings and poems. Like Chinese Spring Festival dumplings, which symbolize reunion, food carries culture, emotions and traditions. 六、语法填空 Today, many games depend largely on modern technology. But can you imagine how people in ancient times 1 (have) fun? In fact, many ancient forms of games survive to this day. So people can still play 2 (they) for fun. Spinning tops are one of the 3 (old) toys existing (存在) in the world. They have a history in China of at least 4,000 years. To breathe new life into this toy, larger and larger spinning tops have been made. In one record-breaking event in Guizhou, twenty 4 (player) took turns whipping (抽打) a super huge spinning top. After more than 1,000 whips, they 5 (final) got it to spin! Kites also have a long history of over 2,000 years. It’s said that the world’s 6 (one) kite was flown in Weifang, Shandong. In the beginning, kites were mostly used in the army. People flew kites 7 (send) messages, test the wind and so on. By the time of the Tang Dynasty, they became a popular toy across China. Still, the game 8 (enjoy) by many people today. Every year, at the Weifang International Kite Festival, there 9 (be) thousands of colorful kites filling the sky. Some are like birds and fish; some are like modern cartoon characters. Over thousands of years, 10 (tradition) Chinese games have been passed down. These games never seem to get old. Just like bridges, they connect the past to the present, and tradition to modernity. 【答案】1．had 2．them 3．oldest 4．players 5．finally 6．first 7．to send 8．is enjoyed 9．are 10．traditional 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国古代的传统游戏，如打陀螺和放风筝。这些游戏历史悠久，至今仍受人们喜爱，它们像桥梁一样连接着过去与现在。 【详解】1．句意：但是你能想象古代人是如何娱乐的吗？根据“in ancient times”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填had。 2．句意：所以人们依旧可以玩这些古老的游戏来取乐。根据“play”为动词，可知其后应接代词宾格作宾语。此处指代前文的“ancient forms of games”，应用they的宾格形式。故填them。 3．句意：陀螺是世界上现存最古老的玩具之一。one of the其后常接“形容词最高级+名词复数”结构，表示“最……的……之一”。此处表示最古老的玩具之一。故填oldest。 4．句意：在贵州一次打破纪录的活动中，20名玩家轮流抽打一个超级巨大的陀螺。twenty（二十）后面接可数名词复数，player复数形式players（参与者、玩家）。 5．句意：在抽打了1000多次之后，他们终于让它转起来了！修饰整个句子要用副词，final（形容词，最终的）副词形式finally，意为 “最后”。 6．句意：据说世界上第一只风筝是在山东潍坊放飞的。根据“the world’s”和语境可知，此处表示“第一只风筝”，应用序数词形式。故填first。 7．句意：人们放风筝来传递信息、测试风向等。根据句子结构可知，此处表示人们放风筝的目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to send。 8．句意：尽管如此，这项游戏今天仍然受到许多人的喜爱。根据“today”可知时态为一般现在时。根据“by many people”可知，主语“the game”与动词“enjoy”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/are+过去分词），且主语为第三人称单数。故填is enjoyed。 9．句意：每年在潍坊国际风筝节上，天空中都会飘满成千上万只色彩斑斓的风筝。根据“Every year”可知时态为一般现在时。在there be句型中，主语“thousands of colorful kites”为复数，be动词应用are。故填are。 10．句意：几千年来，传统的中国游戏被传承下来。根据“Chinese games”为名词短语可知，此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词。根据语境，此处表示传统的中国游戏。tradition（名词，传统）的形容词形式是traditional（传统的）。故填traditional。 $