Unit 2 Greener Planet, Better Home 现在完成时(II)（核心语法精练）英语新教材仁爱科普版九年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦环保主题，系统训练初中英语核心语法，通过基础到综合题型递进，强化语言应用与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |考点夯基|4类题型（填空/单选等）|聚焦动词形式、时态（现在完成时）、介词等基础语法|从单词变形到句型转换，构建"词-句-语法规则"应用链| |综合提升|3类题型（完形/短文填空等）|语篇中综合考查语法与主题理解|以环保话题为载体，实现语法知识向语用能力迁移|

Unit 2 Greener Planet, Better Home 核心语法精练 目录 知识回顾 2 考点夯基 3 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 3 二、单项选择 5 三、完成句子 7 四、句型转换 9 综合提升 11 五、完形填空 11 六、短文填空 13 七、选词填空 14 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.To protect the environment, we should _____________ (use) old textbooks instead of buying new ones. 2.This paper factory can _____________ (cycle) waste paper into new products to save resources. 3.The local government plans to _____________ (build) the old park and add more green plants. 4.Before the exam, you'd better _____________ (view) the key grammar points we have learned. 5.If you make a mistake, you can _____________ (write) the composition on a new piece of paper. 6.We should _____________ (new) our understanding of environmental protection every year. 7.The teacher asked Mary to _____________ (tell) the story in front of the whole class. 8.Every spring, people in the village _____________ (plant) trees on the hills to stop soil erosion. 9.The city will start a project to _____________ (cover) the ancient buildings in the old town. 10.We can _____________ (turn) the useful things in rubbish into new resources. 11.My family _____________ (live) in this green community for ten years. 12.He _____________ (work) as an environmental engineer since he graduated from college. 13.—How long _____________ you _____________ (be) interested in protecting wild animals? —Since I was ten years old. 14.The old man _____________ (be) away from his hometown for nearly 20 years. 15.I _____________ (keep) this book about environmental protection for two weeks. 16.The park _____________ (change) a lot since it became a green demonstration area. 17.They _____________ (study) the problem of air pollution for three years. 18.She _____________ (be) a member of the environmental protection club since last term. 19.How long _____________ your brother _____________ (have) this electric car? 20.The forest fire _____________ (be) over for a week, but the damage is still huge. 二、单项选择 1.—What does the word "reuse" mean? —It means "use again". The prefix "re-" means "_____________". A. not B. again C. very D. less 2.My family has lived in this city _____________ 2012. A. for B. since C. in D. at 3.—How long have you _____________ the book about green life? —For two weeks. A. borrowed B. kept C. bought D. lent 4.—_____________ have you been a volunteer in the park? —Since last year. A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How far 5.Which of the following sentences is correct? A. He has left his hometown for 5 years. B. I have bought the bike for two months. C. She has joined the club since 2023. D. They have been in the city for ten years. 6.We should try our best to protect _____________ environment around us. A. a B. an C. the D. / 7.It's important _____________ us to save water in our daily life. A. for B. of C. to D. with 8.There is _____________ rubbish in the river. We must do something to clean it up. A. too many B. too much C. much too D. many too 9._____________ we don't protect the earth, we will have no place to live in the future. A. If B. Although C. Because D. While 10.The air in the mountains is much _____________ than that in the city. A. fresh B. fresher C. freshest D. the freshest 三、完成句子 1.我们可以回收利用旧瓶子来制作手工制品。 We can _____________ _____________ _____________ to make hand-made products. 2.我们学校已经开展了一个重新种植树木的项目。 Our school has started a project to _____________ _____________. 3.那位老人已经在这个村子里住了三十年了。 The old man _____________ _____________ in the village _____________ thirty years. 4.自从 2015 年以来，我的家乡就变得越来越绿了。 My hometown _____________ _____________ greener and greener _____________ 2015. 5.你加入环保俱乐部多久了？ _____________ _____________ have you _____________ a member of the environmental protection club? 6.为了减少污染，我们应该循环使用纸张。 To reduce pollution, we should _____________ _____________. 7.这本书我已经借了两周了。 I _____________ _____________ this book _____________ two weeks. 8.自从我们上小学起，就认识彼此了。 We _____________ _____________ each other _____________ we were in primary school. 9.重建这座古老的寺庙花了工人们三年时间。 It took the workers three years to _____________ the _____________ temple. 10.他们离开家乡已经有五年了。 They _____________ _____________ _____________ from their hometown for five years. 四、句型转换 1.They have lived here for 20 years.（对划线部分提问） _____________ _____________ have they lived here? 2.She has worked in this factory since 2010.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） —_____________ she _____________ in this factory since 2010? —No, _____________ _____________. 3.I bought the camera three years ago.（改为同义句，用 for three years 改写） I _____________ _____________ the camera for three years. 4.We should reuse the waste water to water flowers.（改为被动语态） The waste water should _____________ _____________ to water flowers. 5.The meeting finished half an hour ago.（改为同义句，用 for half an hour 改写） The meeting _____________ _____________ _____________ for half an hour. 6.He has been away from the city since he left school.（对划线部分提问） _____________ _____________ has he been away from the city? 7.They will rebuild the bridge next year.（改为同义句） The bridge will _____________ _____________ next year. 8.I have been in the club for two years.（改为同义句，用 since 改写） I have been in the club _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________. 9.We can use the old clothes again to make new things.（用前缀 re - 改写同义句） We can _____________ the old clothes to make new things. 10.Did you visit the science museum last week?（用 ever 改写为现在完成时） _____________ you ever _____________ the science museum? 四、完形填空 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 Grandma Wang is 78 years old. She has seen the great changes in her village with her own eyes for more than 60 years. When Grandma Wang was young, the village was very 1 . There were only narrow muddy roads in the village. People had to walk or ride bikes to get around. On rainy days, the roads became so 2 that people could hardly walk. Most families lived in old and broken houses. They 3 had enough food to eat, let alone new clothes. At that time, the only 4 for children was to study hard to get out of the village. However, 5 has changed greatly since the 1980s. With the support of the government, the villagers have 6 wide and clean roads across the whole village. Rows of new houses with bright windows have taken the place of the old ones. Every family has TVs and fridges, and many even have private 7 . The changes are not only in daily life. The village has also 8 a primary school and a community hospital. Children no longer need to walk a long way to study. The elderly can get 9 medical care near their homes. What’s more, the village has developed a special fruit planting 10 . It has helped lots of villagers get rich without leaving their hometown. Grandma Wang often says, “I 11 thought life could be so good in the past. We are living a happy life now. All these 12 come from the good policies of the government and the hard work of the villagers.” Now, Grandma Wang 13 most of her time in the village square. She dances with other elderly people in the morning, and chats with her friends in the afternoon. She says she is 14 of her village, and she hopes the young people can 15 to work hard to make the village even better in the future. 1．A．rich B．poor C．clean D．quiet 2．A．smooth B．wide C．dirty D．dry 3．A．always B．often C．sometimes D．hardly 4．A．stress B．choice C．problem D．trouble 5．A．everything B．nothing C．anything D．something 6．A．built B．bought C．brought D．broken 7．A．trains B．buses C．bikes D．cars 8．A．set up B．put up C．taken up D．made up 9．A．expensive B．difficult C．convenient D．cheap 10．A．project B．industry C．product D．goal 11．A．ever B．always C．never D．often 12．A．changes B．prizes C．awards D．chances 13．A．takes B．pays C．costs D．spends 14．A．tired B．proud C．afraid D．careful 15．A．continue B．stop C．forget D．refuse 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Clark comes from a small mountain village. To him, rural (乡村) life is truly wonderful. The 1.__________(true) is that the people are very 2.__________ (friend), and the air is fresh. He 3.__________ (enjoy) working 4.__________ the fields, planting 5.__________ (potato) and other crops. In his free time, he usually plays 6.__________ guitar to relax himself. This village 7.__________ (develop) rapidly now. Life is becoming 8.__________ (rich) and more convenient. Roads are much safer, and people can travel 9.__________ (polite) and comfortably. Many villagers, including his family, have 10.__________ (buy) cars and drive to nearby towns nearly every week. They can sell 11.__________ (they) products and support themselves better. Clark’s father used to be a 12.__________ (farm) who paid less attention to new technology, 13.__________now he learns modern farming methods. Clark is proud of his hometown and decides 14.__________(work) hard to build it. He believes that the mountain village 15.__________ (get) better and better in the future. 六、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其正确形式填空，每词限用一次。 amuse, agree, develop, encourage, move, pay, achieve , argue Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the years. With the fast 1. __________ of the local economy, people's lives are getting better. A new park with an 2. __________ center was built last year. It offers fun for people of all ages. The 3. __________ of the environment is also surprising. The rivers are clean again, and there are more green trees everywhere. Years ago, there was often an 4. __________ about whether to build a new road. Now the project is finished, and the 5. __________ of goods and people becomes much smoother. People have reached an 6. __________ that the changes are good for everyone. We have made many 7. __________ in improving people's lives. The government also calls on people to work hard, and this 8. __________ gives us more power to build a better hometown. 五、语法选择 More and more people are realizing the importance of living a green life. In our daily life, we can do many things to help protect the environment. For example, we can reduce waste by using reusable bags instead 1 plastic bags when shopping. Recycling is also 2 effective way. We should sort our waste into different categories such as paper, plastic, and glass. 3 important way is saving energy. A new trend in recent years is the rise of electric vehicles. This is because they produce 4 pollution than traditional cars. Planting more trees 5 also necessary. Trees play an important role in improving air quality. Moreover, we should encourage others 6 us in protecting the environment. We can give speeches or make posters to raise people’s awareness. 7 everyone makes a small change, it will make a big difference in the long run. Some schools have started to teach students about the environment. Students learn 8 solve environmental problems. They do projects such as making recycled paper or building a small solar-powered device. 9 these activities, students can better understand the importance of environmental protection. The government is also taking measures to protect the environment. It 10 stricter laws to reduce pollution from factories since 2000. With the joint efforts of the whole society, we believe that we can solve environmental problems and create a sustainable future. Let’s work together to make our world a better place to live. 1．A．of B．from C．as D．for 2．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3．A．Other B．Another C．Others D．The others. 4．A．more B．much C．fewer D．less 5．A．is B．was C．are D．were 6．A．join B．joining C．to join D．to joining 7．A．If B．Although C．Before D．Since 8．A．when to B．what to C．where to D．how to 9．A．Through B．Across C．Over D．Above 10．A．makes B．made C．has made D．is making 六、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次） change, develop, quick, pollute, build, enjoy, since, yet, already, bring Over the past few decades, my city has 1 a lot. 2 2000, many new roads and tall buildings have been 3 . The city has become more and more modern, and people have 4 a better life than before. However, the rapid development has also 5 some problems. The air and water have been 6 in some areas. We haven’t found a good way to solve these problems 7 . But the government has 8 taken action to improve the situation. They are planting more trees and building more parks. I believe that if we work hard, our city will 9 for the better 10 . 1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________ 6. ____________ 7. ____________ 8. ____________ 9. ____________ 10. ____________ 七、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或者用括号内所给单词的正确形式，每空不限填一词。 Qomolangma, “the top of the world”, is 1 (high) and the most dangerous mountain in the world. However, many climbers risk their lives to climb it and know about it. Over 4,000 people 2 (reach) the top of Qomolangma since 1921. Among them, Kami Rita from Nepal has succeeded in reaching the top the most times. On May 12th, 2024, he stood on the top for the 3 (twenty-five) time. The research on Qomolangma never stops 4 it’s dangerous. By studying the rocks and fossils (化石), we know that Qomolangma is over 4.4 hundred million years old and 5 mountain is getting higher and higher. Can it get higher by 6 (it)? Of course, now it gets higher because 7 the crustal movement (地壳运动). As the number of 8 (tourist) becomes larger, there 9 (be) more and more waste on the mountain. 10 (protect) the environment of Qomolangma, the government started the waste cleaning-up work in 2019. 1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________ 6. ____________ 7. ____________ 8. ____________ 9. ____________ 10. ____________ 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Greener Planet, Better Home 核心语法精练 目录 知识回顾 2 考点夯基 3 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 3 二、单项选择 5 三、完成句子 7 四、句型转换 9 综合提升 11 五、完形填空 11 六、短文填空 13 七、选词填空 14 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.To protect the environment, we should _____________ (use) old textbooks instead of buying new ones. 【答案】reuse 【解析】根据 “环保” 语境可知此处表示 “重复使用”，动词 use 前加前缀 re - 构成 reuse，意为 “重复使用”，情态动词 should 后接动词原形。 2.This paper factory can _____________ (cycle) waste paper into new products to save resources. 【答案】recycle 【解析】根据 “废纸变成新产品” 可知是 “回收利用”，动词 cycle 前加前缀 re - 构成 recycle，意为 “回收利用”，情态动词 can 后接动词原形。 3.The local government plans to _____________ (build) the old park and add more green plants. 【答案】rebuild 【解析】根据 “旧公园” 和 “增加绿植” 可知是 “重建”，动词 build 前加前缀 re - 构成 rebuild，意为 “重建”，plan to 后接动词原形。 4.Before the exam, you'd better _____________ (view) the key grammar points we have learned. 【答案】review 【解析】根据 “考试前” 和 “语法点” 可知是 “复习”，动词 view 前加前缀 re - 构成 review，意为 “复习”，had better 后接动词原形。 5.If you make a mistake, you can _____________ (write) the composition on a new piece of paper. 【答案】rewrite 【解析】根据 “犯错” 和 “在新纸上” 可知是 “重写”，动词 write 前加前缀 re - 构成 rewrite，意为 “重写”，情态动词 can 后接动词原形。 6.We should _____________ (new) our understanding of environmental protection every year. 【答案】renew 【解析】此处需要动词，形容词 new 前加前缀 re - 构成动词 renew，意为 “更新”，情态动词 should 后接动词原形。 7.The teacher asked Mary to _____________ (tell) the story in front of the whole class. 【答案】retell 【解析】根据 “故事” 和 “在全班面前” 可知是 “复述”，动词 tell 前加前缀 re - 构成 retell，意为 “复述”，ask sb. to do sth. 结构中 to 后接动词原形。 8.Every spring, people in the village _____________ (plant) trees on the hills to stop soil erosion. 【答案】replant 【解析】根据 “每年春天” 和 “山上种树” 可知是 “重新种植”，动词 plant 前加前缀 re - 构成 replant，意为 “重新种植”，主语为复数，一般现在时用动词原形。 9.The city will start a project to _____________ (cover) the ancient buildings in the old town. 【答案】recover 【解析】根据 “古老建筑” 和 “项目” 可知是 “修复；复原”，动词 cover 前加前缀 re - 构成 recover，意为 “修复；恢复”，to 后接动词原形构成不定式。 10.We can _____________ (turn) the useful things in rubbish into new resources. 【答案】return 【解析】此处表示 “将…… 变回”，动词 turn 前加前缀 re - 构成 return，意为 “返回；变回”，情态动词 can 后接动词原形。 11.My family _____________ (live) in this green community for ten years. 【答案】have lived 【解析】“for + 时间段” 是现在完成时的标志，主语 family 为集合名词，表示 “家人” 时为复数含义，助动词用 have；live 的过去分词为 lived。 12.He _____________ (work) as an environmental engineer since he graduated from college. 【答案】has worked 【解析】“since + 从句” 是现在完成时的标志，主语 he 为第三人称单数，助动词用 has；work 的过去分词为 worked。 13.—How long _____________ you _____________ (be) interested in protecting wild animals? —Since I was ten years old. 【答案】have; been 【解析】How long 提问时长，用现在完成时；主语为 you，助动词用 have；be 的过去分词为 been。 14.The old man _____________ (be) away from his hometown for nearly 20 years. 【答案】has been 【解析】“for + 时间段” 提示用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用 has；be away 是延续性短语，可与时间段连用。 15.I _____________ (keep) this book about environmental protection for two weeks. 【答案】have kept 【解析】“for + 时间段” 提示用现在完成时，主语为 I，助动词用 have；borrow 是非延续性动词，与时间段连用时要转换为延续性动词 keep，其过去分词为 kept。 16.The park _____________ (change) a lot since it became a green demonstration area. 【答案】has changed 【解析】“since + 从句” 提示用现在完成时，主语 park 为单数，助动词用 has；change 的过去分词为 changed。 17.They _____________ (study) the problem of air pollution for three years. 【答案】have studied 【解析】“for + 时间段” 提示用现在完成时，主语为 they，助动词用 have；study 的过去分词为 studied。 18.She _____________ (be) a member of the environmental protection club since last term. 【答案】has been 【解析】“since + 时间点” 提示用现在完成时，主语 she 为第三人称单数，助动词用 has；be 的过去分词为 been。 19.How long _____________ your brother _____________ (have) this electric car? 【答案】has; had 【解析】How long 提问时长，用现在完成时；主语为第三人称单数，助动词用 has；buy 是非延续性动词，与时间段连用时转换为 have，其过去分词为 had。 20.The forest fire _____________ (be) over for a week, but the damage is still huge. 【答案】has been 【解析】“for + 时间段” 提示用现在完成时，主语 fire 为单数，助动词用 has；be over 是延续性短语，可与时间段连用。 二、单项选择 1.—What does the word "reuse" mean? —It means "use again". The prefix "re-" means "_____________". A. not B. again C. very D. less 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查前缀 re - 的含义。re - 表示 “再，重新”，也就是 again 的含义，故选 B。 2.My family has lived in this city _____________ 2012. A. for B. since C. in D. at 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查现在完成时的时间标志。2012 是具体时间点，since 后接时间点，常与现在完成时连用；for 后接时间段，故选 B。 3.—How long have you _____________ the book about green life? —For two weeks. A. borrowed B. kept C. bought D. lent 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查现在完成时的延续性动词。How long 和 for two weeks 都表示时间段，谓语动词要用延续性动词；borrow、buy、lend 都是非延续性动词，不能与时间段连用，keep 是延续性动词，故选 B。 4.—_____________ have you been a volunteer in the park? —Since last year. A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How far 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查现在完成时的特殊疑问词。答语是 since 引导的时间点，提问的是时长，用 How long，意为 “多久”，故选 C。 5.Which of the following sentences is correct? A. He has left his hometown for 5 years. B. I have bought the bike for two months. C. She has joined the club since 2023. D. They have been in the city for ten years. 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查延续性动词与非延续性动词的辨析。leave、buy、join 都是非延续性动词，不能与 for/since 引导的时间段连用；be in 是延续性短语，可以与时间段连用，故选 D。 6.We should try our best to protect _____________ environment around us. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查冠词用法。此处特指 “我们周围的环境”，用定冠词 the，故选 C。 7.It's important _____________ us to save water in our daily life. A. for B. of C. to D. with 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查介词固定句型。It's + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 表示 “做某事对某人来说是…… 的”，形容词修饰事情，故选 A。 8.There is _____________ rubbish in the river. We must do something to clean it up. A. too many B. too much C. much too D. many too 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查短语辨析。rubbish 是不可数名词，用 too much 修饰，意为 “太多”；too many 修饰可数名词复数；much too 修饰形容词或副词，故选 B。 9._____________ we don't protect the earth, we will have no place to live in the future. A. If B. Although C. Because D. While 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查连词辨析。前半句 “我们不保护地球” 是后半句 “未来没有地方住” 的条件，用 if 引导条件状语从句，故选 A。 10.The air in the mountains is much _____________ than that in the city. A. fresh B. fresher C. freshest D. the freshest 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查形容词比较级。根据标志词 than 可知用比较级，fresh 的比较级为 fresher，much 修饰比较级，故选 B。 三、完成句子 1.我们可以回收利用旧瓶子来制作手工制品。 We can _____________ _____________ _____________ to make hand-made products. 【答案】reuse old bottles 【解析】考查前缀 re - 构成的动词 reuse，意为 “重复利用；回收使用”，后接宾语 old bottles。 2.我们学校已经开展了一个重新种植树木的项目。 Our school has started a project to _____________ _____________. 【答案】replant trees 【解析】考查前缀 re - 构成的动词 replant，意为 “重新种植”，后接宾语 trees。 3.那位老人已经在这个村子里住了三十年了。 The old man _____________ _____________ in the village _____________ thirty years. 【答案】has lived; for 【解析】考查现在完成时与 for 的用法，“for + 时间段” 表示动作持续的时长；主语为第三人称单数，助动词用 has，live 的过去分词为 lived。 4.自从 2015 年以来，我的家乡就变得越来越绿了。 My hometown _____________ _____________ greener and greener _____________ 2015. 【答案】has become; since 【解析】考查现在完成时与 since 的用法，“since + 时间点” 表示动作开始的时间；主语为单数，助动词用 has，become 的过去分词为 become。 5.你加入环保俱乐部多久了？ _____________ _____________ have you _____________ a member of the environmental protection club? 【答案】How long; been 【解析】考查现在完成时对时长的提问，用 How long；“成为俱乐部成员” 表示状态，用 be a member，be 的过去分词为 been。 6.为了减少污染，我们应该循环使用纸张。 To reduce pollution, we should _____________ _____________. 【答案】recycle paper 【解析】考查前缀 re - 构成的动词 recycle，意为 “回收利用；循环使用”，后接宾语 paper。 7.这本书我已经借了两周了。 I _____________ _____________ this book _____________ two weeks. 【答案】have kept; for 【解析】考查现在完成时与延续性动词，“for + 时间段” 提示用现在完成时；borrow 是非延续性动词，转换为延续性动词 keep，主语为 I，助动词用 have。 8.自从我们上小学起，就认识彼此了。 We _____________ _____________ each other _____________ we were in primary school. 【答案】have known; since 【解析】考查现在完成时与 since 从句的用法，since 引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时；主语为 we，助动词用 have，know 的过去分词为 known。 9.重建这座古老的寺庙花了工人们三年时间。 It took the workers three years to _____________ the _____________ temple. 【答案】rebuild; ancient 【解析】考查前缀 re - 构成的动词 rebuild，意为 “重建”，to 后接动词原形；ancient temple 表示 “古老的寺庙”。 10.他们离开家乡已经有五年了。 They _____________ _____________ _____________ from their hometown for five years. 【答案】have been away 【解析】考查现在完成时与延续性短语，“for + 时间段” 提示用现在完成时；leave 是非延续性动词，转换为 be away，主语为 they，助动词用 have。 四、句型转换 1.They have lived here for 20 years.（对划线部分提问） _____________ _____________ have they lived here? 【答案】How long 【解析】对 for 引导的时间段提问，用疑问词 How long，意为 “多久”，是现在完成时的典型考点。 2.She has worked in this factory since 2010.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） —_____________ she _____________ in this factory since 2010? —No, _____________ _____________. 【答案】Has; worked; she hasn't 【解析】现在完成时变一般疑问句将助动词 has 提至句首，过去分词保持不变；否定回答用 “No, 主语 + hasn't”。 3.I bought the camera three years ago.（改为同义句，用 for three years 改写） I _____________ _____________ the camera for three years. 【答案】have had 【解析】“for + 时间段” 提示用现在完成时；buy 是非延续性动词，不能与时间段连用，转换为延续性动词 have，主语为 I，助动词用 have，have 的过去分词为 had。 4.We should reuse the waste water to water flowers.（改为被动语态） The waste water should _____________ _____________ to water flowers. 【答案】be reused 【解析】被动语态结构为 “be + 过去分词”，情态动词 should 后接 be 动词原形；reuse 的过去分词为 reused。 5.The meeting finished half an hour ago.（改为同义句，用 for half an hour 改写） The meeting _____________ _____________ _____________ for half an hour. 【答案】has been over 【解析】“for + 时间段” 提示用现在完成时；finish 是非延续性动词，转换为延续性短语 be over，主语为单数，助动词用 has。 6.He has been away from the city since he left school.（对划线部分提问） _____________ _____________ has he been away from the city? 【答案】How long 【解析】对 since 引导的时间状语从句提问，提问时长用 How long。 7.They will rebuild the bridge next year.（改为同义句） The bridge will _____________ _____________ next year. 【答案】be rebuilt 【解析】rebuild 意为 “重建”，桥是 “被重建”，用被动语态；一般将来时被动结构为 will be + 过去分词，rebuild 的过去分词为 rebuilt。 8.I have been in the club for two years.（改为同义句，用 since 改写） I have been in the club _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________. 【答案】since two years ago 【解析】“for + 时间段” 可以转换为 “since + 时间段 + ago”，都表示动作持续的时长，常与现在完成时连用。 9.We can use the old clothes again to make new things.（用前缀 re - 改写同义句） We can _____________ the old clothes to make new things. 【答案】reuse 【解析】use...again 表示 “再次使用”，等同于前缀 re - 构成的动词 reuse，情态动词 can 后接动词原形。 10.Did you visit the science museum last week?（用 ever 改写为现在完成时） _____________ you ever _____________ the science museum? 【答案】Have; visited 【解析】ever 是现在完成时的标志词，用于疑问句中；主语为 you，助动词用 have，visit 的过去分词为 visited。 四、完形填空 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 Grandma Wang is 78 years old. She has seen the great changes in her village with her own eyes for more than 60 years. When Grandma Wang was young, the village was very 1 . There were only narrow muddy roads in the village. People had to walk or ride bikes to get around. On rainy days, the roads became so 2 that people could hardly walk. Most families lived in old and broken houses. They 3 had enough food to eat, let alone new clothes. At that time, the only 4 for children was to study hard to get out of the village. However, 5 has changed greatly since the 1980s. With the support of the government, the villagers have 6 wide and clean roads across the whole village. Rows of new houses with bright windows have taken the place of the old ones. Every family has TVs and fridges, and many even have private 7 . The changes are not only in daily life. The village has also 8 a primary school and a community hospital. Children no longer need to walk a long way to study. The elderly can get 9 medical care near their homes. What’s more, the village has developed a special fruit planting 10 . It has helped lots of villagers get rich without leaving their hometown. Grandma Wang often says, “I 11 thought life could be so good in the past. We are living a happy life now. All these 12 come from the good policies of the government and the hard work of the villagers.” Now, Grandma Wang 13 most of her time in the village square. She dances with other elderly people in the morning, and chats with her friends in the afternoon. She says she is 14 of her village, and she hopes the young people can 15 to work hard to make the village even better in the future. 1．A．rich B．poor C．clean D．quiet 2．A．smooth B．wide C．dirty D．dry 3．A．always B．often C．sometimes D．hardly 4．A．stress B．choice C．problem D．trouble 5．A．everything B．nothing C．anything D．something 6．A．built B．bought C．brought D．broken 7．A．trains B．buses C．bikes D．cars 8．A．set up B．put up C．taken up D．made up 9．A．expensive B．difficult C．convenient D．cheap 10．A．project B．industry C．product D．goal 11．A．ever B．always C．never D．often 12．A．changes B．prizes C．awards D．chances 13．A．takes B．pays C．costs D．spends 14．A．tired B．proud C．afraid D．careful 15．A．continue B．stop C．forget D．refuse 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了王奶奶亲眼见证家乡六十多年间的巨大变迁，从过去的贫穷落后到如今的富裕便利，展现了乡村的发展与进步。 1．句意：王奶奶年轻时，村子非常贫穷。 根据后文“There were only narrow muddy roads... Most families lived in old and broken houses”可知，村子过去条件很差，poor“贫穷的”符合语境。rich“富裕的”、clean“干净的”、quiet“安静的”均不合语境。 2．句意：下雨天，道路变得如此泥泞，以至于人们几乎无法行走。 前文提到道路是“narrow muddy roads”，因此下雨天道路会变得“泥泞不堪”。dirty“脏的，泥泞的”符合语境。smooth“平坦的”、wide“宽阔的”、dry“干燥的”均不合语境。 3．句意：他们几乎没有足够的食物吃，更不用说新衣服了。 根据前文描述的贫困生活，此处指人们几乎不能吃饱。hardly“几乎不”符合语境。always“总是”、often“经常”、sometimes“有时”均不合语境。 4．句意：那时，孩子们唯一的出路就是努力学习离开村子。 根据语境，在贫困的村子里，学习是孩子们唯一的选择。choice“选择”符合语境。stress“压力”、problem“问题”、trouble“麻烦”均不符合语境。 5．句意：然而，自20世纪80年代以来，一切都发生了巨大变化。 根据后文描述的道路、房屋、设施的变化，此处指一切都变了。everything“一切”符合语境。nothing“什么都没有”、anything“任何事物”、something“某物”均不合语境。 6．句意：在政府的支持下，村民们在全村修建了宽阔干净的道路。 根据“wide and clean roads”可知，此处指修建了道路。built“修建”符合语境。bought“购买”、brought“带来”、broken“打破”，均不合语境。 7．句意：每家都有电视和冰箱，许多家庭甚至有私家车。 根据语境，此处指富裕起来后村民有了私人汽车。cars“汽车”符合语境。trains“火车”、buses“公交车”、bikes“自行车”均不合语境。 8．句意：村子还建立了一所小学和一个社区医院。 根据“a primary school and a community hospital”可知，此处指建立了学校和医院。set up“建立”符合语境。put up“张贴，搭建”、taken up“开始从事”、made up“编造”均不合语境。 9．句意：老年人可以在家附近获得便捷的医疗服务。 前文提到建立了社区医院，因此老年人就医变得方便。convenient“方便的”符合语境。expensive“昂贵的”、difficult“困难的”、cheap“便宜的”均不合语境。 10．句意：此外，村子还发展了一个特色水果种植产业。 根据后文“It has helped lots of villagers get rich”可知，此处指发展了产业。industry“产业”符合语境。project“项目”、product“产品”、goal“目标”均不合语境。 11．句意：我过去从未想到生活会变得这么好。 根据语境，王奶奶感慨现在的生活，因此是从未想过生活会变得这么好。never“从未”符合语境。ever“曾经”、always“总是”、often“经常”均不合语境。 12．句意：所有这些变化都来自政府的好政策和村民的辛勤劳动。 前文一直在讲村子的变化，因此此处指这些变化。changes“变化”符合语境。prizes“奖品”、awards“奖项”、chances“机会”均不合语境。 13．句意：现在，王奶奶大部分时间都在村子广场上度过。 根据语境，此处指花费时间在广场上。spends“花费（时间）”符合语境。takes“花费（常用it作形式主语）”、pays“支付（金钱）”、costs“花费（金钱，主语为物）”均不合语境。 14．句意：她说她为自己的村子感到骄傲。 根据前文描述的村子的巨大变化，王奶奶应该是骄傲的。proud“骄傲的”符合语境。tired“疲惫的”、afraid“害怕的”、careful“小心的”，均不合语境。 15．句意：她希望年轻人能继续努力，让村子在未来变得更好。 根据语境，此处指希望年轻人继续努力。continue“继续”符合语境。stop“停止”、forget“忘记”、refuse“拒绝”均不合语境。 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Clark comes from a small mountain village. To him, rural (乡村) life is truly wonderful. The 1.__________(true) is that the people are very 2.__________ (friend), and the air is fresh. He 3.__________ (enjoy) working 4.__________ the fields, planting 5.__________ (potato) and other crops. In his free time, he usually plays 6.__________ guitar to relax himself. This village 7.__________ (develop) rapidly now. Life is becoming 8.__________ (rich) and more convenient. Roads are much safer, and people can travel 9.__________ (polite) and comfortably. Many villagers, including his family, have 10.__________ (buy) cars and drive to nearby towns nearly every week. They can sell 11.__________ (they) products and support themselves better. Clark’s father used to be a 12.__________ (farm) who paid less attention to new technology, 13.__________now he learns modern farming methods. Clark is proud of his hometown and decides 14.__________(work) hard to build it. He believes that the mountain village 15.__________ (get) better and better in the future. 【答案】 1．truth 2．friendly 3．enjoys 4．in 5．potatoes 6．the 7．is developing 8．richer 9．politely 10．bought 11．their 12．farmer 13．but 14．to work 15．will get 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Clark来自的小山村以及村庄的发展变化，同时讲述了Clark父亲的变化和Clark对家乡的期望。 1．句意：事实上，人们非常友好，空气也很新鲜。此处作主语应该用名词，true的名词形式为truth，意为“事实”；根据“is”可知，主语应为单数。故填truth。 2．句意：事实上，人们非常友好，空气也很新鲜。此处作表语应该用形容词，friend的形容词形式为friendly，意为“友好的”。故填friendly。 3．句意：他喜欢在田里干活，种土豆和其他作物。此处作谓语，应该用动词；根据“planting…crops”可知句子使用一般现在时，主语是“He”，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式enjoys。故填enjoys。 4．句意：他喜欢在田里干活，种土豆和其他作物。根据“working…the fields”可知，此处是指在田地里干活，in“在……里面”。故填in。 5．句意：他喜欢在田里干活，种土豆和其他作物。此处表示泛指，应该用名词复数，potato的复数形式为potatoes。故填potatoes。 6．句意：在他的空闲时间，他通常弹吉他来放松自己。根据“plays…guitar”可知，表示弹奏乐器，应该用定冠词the，play the guitar“弹吉他”。故填the。 7．句意：这个村庄现在发展很快。此处作谓语，应该用动词；根据“now”可知句子使用现在进行时，主语是“This village”，be动词用is，develop的现在分词形式为developing。故填is developing。 8．句意：生活变得越来越富裕和方便。根据“and more convenient”可知，此处用rich的比较级richer“更富裕的”，与“more convenient”构成并列关系。故填richer。 9．句意：道路更安全了，人们可以礼貌而舒适地出行。此处修饰动词“travel”应该用副词，polite的副词形式为politely“礼貌地”。故填politely。 10．句意：许多村民，包括他的家人，都买了车，几乎每周都开车去附近的城镇。此处作谓语，应该用动词，根据“have”和“nearly every week”可知，是现在完成时，have done，buy的过去分词为bought。故填bought。 11．句意：他们可以出售自己的产品，更好地养活自己。此处修饰名词“products”应该用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词为their“他们的”。故填their。 12．句意：Clark的父亲曾经是一个不太关注新技术的农民，但现在他学习了现代农业方法。“a”后接可数名词单数，farm的名词形式farmer意为“农民”。故填farmer。 13．句意：Clark的父亲过去是个不太关注新技术的农民，但现在他学习了现代农业方法。设空处前讲的是“过去”，设空处后讲的是“现在”，前后构成转折关系，应该用but连接。故填but。 14．句意：Clark为他的家乡感到骄傲，并决定努力建设它。decide to do sth“决定做某事”，固定搭配，这里应用动词不定式to work。故填to work。 15．句意：他相信这个山村将来会越来越好。根据“in the future”可知，此处用一般将来时will do。故填will get。 六、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其正确形式填空，每词限用一次。 amuse, agree, develop, encourage, move, pay, achieve , argue Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the years. With the fast 1. __________ of the local economy, people's lives are getting better. A new park with an 2. __________ center was built last year. It offers fun for people of all ages. The 3. __________ of the environment is also surprising. The rivers are clean again, and there are more green trees everywhere. Years ago, there was often an 4. __________ about whether to build a new road. Now the project is finished, and the 5. __________ of goods and people becomes much smoother. People have reached an 6. __________ that the changes are good for everyone. We have made many 7. __________ in improving people's lives. The government also calls on people to work hard, and this 8. __________ gives us more power to build a better hometown. 【答案】 1. development 2. amusement 3. improvement 4. argument 5. movement 6. agreement 7. achievements 8. encouragement 【解析】 1. 定冠词 the 后接名词，the fast development o五、语法选择 More and more people are realizing the importance of living a green life. In our daily life, we can do many things to help protect the environment. For example, we can reduce waste by using reusable bags instead 1 plastic bags when shopping. Recycling is also 2 effective way. We should sort our waste into different categories such as paper, plastic, and glass. 3 important way is saving energy. A new trend in recent years is the rise of electric vehicles. This is because they produce 4 pollution than traditional cars. Planting more trees 5 also necessary. Trees play an important role in improving air quality. Moreover, we should encourage others 6 us in protecting the environment. We can give speeches or make posters to raise people’s awareness. 7 everyone makes a small change, it will make a big difference in the long run. Some schools have started to teach students about the environment. Students learn 8 solve environmental problems. They do projects such as making recycled paper or building a small solar-powered device. 9 these activities, students can better understand the importance of environmental protection. The government is also taking measures to protect the environment. It 10 stricter laws to reduce pollution from factories since 2000. With the joint efforts of the whole society, we believe that we can solve environmental problems and create a sustainable future. Let’s work together to make our world a better place to live. 1．A．of B．from C．as D．for 2．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3．A．Other B．Another C．Others D．The others. 4．A．more B．much C．fewer D．less 5．A．is B．was C．are D．were 6．A．join B．joining C．to join D．to joining 7．A．If B．Although C．Before D．Since 8．A．when to B．what to C．where to D．how to 9．A．Through B．Across C．Over D．Above 10．A．makes B．made C．has made D．is making 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文论述了越来越多的人意识到绿色生活的重要性，并介绍了一些在日常生活中帮助保护环境的方法。 1．句意：例如，我们可以通过购物时使用可重复使用的袋子而不是塑料袋来减少浪费。 of……的；from从；as作为；for为了。instead of“而不是”，为固定短语。故选A。 2．句意：回收也是一种有效的方法。 a一个，用于辅音音素前；an一个，用于元音音素前；the这个，表示特指；/不填。此处表示泛指，effective以元音音素开头，应用an。故选B。 3．句意：另一个重要的方法是节约能源。 Other其他的；Another另一个；Others其他人；The others特指剩余的全部。此处泛指另一个，是三者以上的另一个，应用another。故选B。 4．句意：这是因为它们比传统汽车产生的污染更少。 more更多；much很多；fewer更少；less更少。根据“A new trend in recent years is the rise of electric vehicles.”和“than”可知，电动汽车比传统汽车产生的污染更少，pollution是不可数名词，应用less。故选D。 5．句意：种更多的树也是必要的。 is是，主语是第三人称单数；was是，am和is的过去式；are是，主语是复数或you；were是，are的过去式。此句是一般现在时，主语是动名词短语，谓语动词用is。故选A。 6．句意：而且我们应该鼓励其他人加入我们保护环境。 join加入，动词原形；joining现在分词；to join动词不定式；to joining介词+动名词。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，故选C。 7．句意：如果每个人做出一个小小的改变，长期来看会有很大的不同。 If如果；Although虽然；Before之前；Since自从。根据“everyone makes a small change, it will make a big difference in the long run.”可知，前句是后句的肯定条件，应用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。 8．句意：学生们学习如何解决环境问题。 when to何时；what to什么；where to何地；how to如何。根据“Students learn...solve environmental problems”可知，学习的是如何解决问题，故选D。 9．句意：通过这些活动，学生们可以更好地理解环境保护的重要性。 Through通过；Across穿过；Over在……上方；Above在……上面。根据“hese activities, students can better understand the importance of environmental protection.”可知，学生们通过这些活动可以更好地理解环境保护的重要性。故选A。 10．句意：自2000年以来，它制定了更严格的法律以减少工厂的污染。 makes制作，动词三单；made动词过去式；has made现在完成时；is making现在进行时。根据“since 2000”可知，本句是现在完成时，故选C。 六、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次） change, develop, quick, pollute, build, enjoy, since, yet, already, bring Over the past few decades, my city has 1 a lot. 2 2000, many new roads and tall buildings have been 3 . The city has become more and more modern, and people have 4 a better life than before. However, the rapid development has also 5 some problems. The air and water have been 6 in some areas. We haven’t found a good way to solve these problems 7 . But the government has 8 taken action to improve the situation. They are planting more trees and building more parks. I believe that if we work hard, our city will 9 for the better 10 . 1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________ 6. ____________ 7. ____________ 8. ____________ 9. ____________ 10. ____________ 【答案】 1．developed 2．Since 3．built 4．enjoyed 5．brought 6．polluted 7．yet 8．already 9．change 10．quickly 【导语】本文讲述城市数十年间的发展变化，谈及现代化建设带来进步，同时衍生污染难题，最后讲述政府采取举措、展望城市向好发展。 【详解】 1．句意：在过去几十年间，我的城市发展迅速。时间标志“Over the past few decades”提示现在完成时，结构have/has+过去分词，选用备选词develop，变形为developed，意为 “发展”，契合后文道路高楼建设、城市现代化的语境。 2．句意：自从2000年起，许多新道路与高楼被修建。选用备选词since，置于句首首字母大写为Since，意为“自从”，常搭配完成时，用来引出时间起点。 3．句意：自从2000年起，许多新道路与高楼被修建。本句为现在完成时被动语态have been+过去分词，选用备选词build，变形为built，意为“建造”，对应道路楼房被修建。 4．句意：城市变得愈发现代化，人们过上了比以往更好的生活。全文主体时态为现在完成时，主语people后选用备选词enjoy，变形为enjoyed，意为“享受”，表现人们当下拥有更好的生活。 5．句意：然而快速发展也带来了一些问题。现在完成时has后接过去分词，选用备选词bring，变形为brought，意为“带来”，引出发展伴随的负面问题。 6．句意：部分区域的空气和水资源遭到污染。本句为现在完成时被动语态have been+过去分词，选用备选词pollute，变形为polluted，意为“污染”，描述环境遭遇的破坏。 7．句意：我们尚未找到解决这些问题的有效办法。选用备选词yet，原形直接填入，常用于否定句末尾，表示“还、仍然”。 8．句意：但是政府已经采取行动改善现状。选用备选词already，原形直接填入，常用于肯定句中，意为“已经”，说明政府行动已经落地。 9．句意：我相信只要我们共同努力，我们的城市将会快速向好转变。情态动词will后接动词原形，选用备选词change，固定搭配change for the better，意为“向好的方向转变”。 10．句意：我相信只要我们共同努力，我们的城市将会快速向好转变。空格修饰动词change，需要副词，选用备选词quick，变形为quickly，意为“快速地”，用来修饰城市发展的速度。 七、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或者用括号内所给单词的正确形式，每空不限填一词。 Qomolangma, “the top of the world”, is 1 (high) and the most dangerous mountain in the world. However, many climbers risk their lives to climb it and know about it. Over 4,000 people 2 (reach) the top of Qomolangma since 1921. Among them, Kami Rita from Nepal has succeeded in reaching the top the most times. On May 12th, 2024, he stood on the top for the 3 (twenty-five) time. The research on Qomolangma never stops 4 it’s dangerous. By studying the rocks and fossils (化石), we know that Qomolangma is over 4.4 hundred million years old and 5 mountain is getting higher and higher. Can it get higher by 6 (it)? Of course, now it gets higher because 7 the crustal movement (地壳运动). As the number of 8 (tourist) becomes larger, there 9 (be) more and more waste on the mountain. 10 (protect) the environment of Qomolangma, the government started the waste cleaning-up work in 2019. 1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________ 6. ____________ 7. ____________ 8. ____________ 9. ____________ 10. ____________ 【答案】 1．the highest 2．have reached 3．twenty-fifth 4．although/though 5．the 6．itself 7．of 8．tourists 9．is 10．To protect 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的高度、攀登历史、地质研究以及环境保护问题。 【详解】 1．句意：珠穆朗玛峰，“世界之巅”，是世界上最高、最危险的山峰。根据“the most dangerous mountain in the world”可知，此处用最高级，且“high”的最高级是“highest”，前面需加定冠词“the”。故填the highest。 2．句意：自1921年以来，已有超过4000人登顶珠穆朗玛峰。根据“since 1921”可知，时态是现在完成时，主语“Over 4,000 people”是复数，助动词用“have”，动词用过去分词“reached”。故填have reached。 3．句意：2024年5月12日，他第25次站在了山顶。根据“the”和“time”可知，此处用序数词“twenty-fifth”表示“第25次”。故填twenty-fifth。 4．句意：尽管危险，对珠穆朗玛峰的研究从未停止。根据前后句的转折让步关系可知，此处填“although/though”表示“尽管”。故填although/though。 5．句意：通过研究岩石和化石，我们知道珠穆朗玛峰已有4.4亿多年的历史，而且这座山还在不断升高。根据“mountain”可知是特指珠穆朗玛峰，前面需加定冠词“the”。故填the。 6．句意：它能靠自己变得更高吗？根据“by”和“it”可知，此处用反身代词“itself”表示“靠它自己”。故填itself。 7．句意：当然，现在它之所以变高是因为地壳运动。“because of”是固定搭配，表示“因为”。故填of。 8．句意：随着游客数量的增加，山上的垃圾越来越多。“the number of”后接复数名词“tourists”。故填tourists。 9．句意：随着游客数量的增加，山上的垃圾越来越多。主语“waste”是不可数名词，be动词用“is”。故填is。 10．句意：为了保护珠穆朗玛峰的环境，政府于2019年启动了垃圾清理工作。根据题干句子结构可知，此处用不定式“To protect”表示目的。故填To protect。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $