Unit 5 Going on an exchange trip（知识清单）英语新教材沪教版八年级上册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了“Going on an Exchange Trip”单元内容，涵盖主题分类词汇、核心短语、实用交际句型、现在完成时语法及感谢邮件写作，按“交流体验-情感态度-适应成长”主题分类词汇，动词/介词短语分层，搭建从词汇积累到句型应用再到语法实践和写作输出的递进式学习支架。 清单采用“中考星级标注”和“情境化例句”构建知识体系，如高频词“grateful”标注★★★★并配“be grateful to sb. for sth.”句型，培养语言能力与文化意识。设计“易错点记忆口诀”（如“for加时间段，since加时间点”）和“写作框架模板”，提供“对点训练”和范文，助力不同学生高效掌握，教师可据此设计分层教学，提升教学针对性与学生自主学习能力。

Unit 5 Going on an Exchange Trip 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、交流与体验： 1. _________ (交流，交换) ______________________________（两校启动了文化交流项目。） 2. _________(经历，体验) _____________________________（她在北京有一段难忘的经历。） 3. _________(传统的) ______________________________（她学习了中国传统书法。） 4. _________ (书法) _____________________________（中国书法是一种美丽的艺术形式。） 5. _________ (外国的) ______________________________（她对外国求学感到紧张。） 二、情感与态度： 1._________ (紧张的) _____________________________（演讲前她感到紧张。） 2. _________(感激的) ______________________________（我感激寄宿家庭的帮助。） 3. _________ (困惑的) ______________________________（他不熟悉的习俗让他困惑。） 4. _________(焦虑的) ______________________________（她对即将到来的考试感到焦虑。） 5. _________ (想家的) ______________________________（许多交换生起初会想家。） 三、适应与成长： 1. _________ (独立的) ______________________________海外生活使她更加独立。） 2. _________ (适应) ______________________________（他快速适应新环境让所有人印象深刻。） 3. _________ (不熟悉的) ______________________________（起初一切似乎都不熟悉。） 4. _________ (接受) ______________________________（她逐渐接受了文化差异。） 5. _________(满足的) ______________________________（她满足于海外的生活。） 四、情境与应对： 1. _________ (震惊) ______________________________（文化冲击比她预想的更大。） 2._________ (情况，处境) ______________________________（她很好地处理了困难局面。） 3. _________ (期望，预料) ______________________________（这次旅行比她预料的更好。） 4. _________(处理) ______________________________（她学会了独立处理问题。） 5. _________ (阶段) ______________________________（她经历了文化冲击的不同阶段。） 短 语 一、动词短语 1. _________(处理，应对) ______________________________（她学会了应对文化冲击。） 2. _________ (期待) ______________________________（我期待收到你的来信。） 3. _________ (适应) ______________________________（适应新文化需要时间。） 4. _________ (保持联系) ______________________________（交换旅行后他们仍保持联系。） 5. _________ (出发) ______________________________（他们一早出发去北京。） 二、介词短语 1. _________ (起初)______________________________（起初她感到想家和孤独。） 2. _________ (亲自) ______________________________我想亲自感谢你。） 3. _________ (第一次) ______________________________（她第一次吃了饺子。） 4. _________(也，同样) ______________________________她也参观了长城。） 5._________ (发自内心地) ______________________________我发自内心地感谢你。） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、表达感谢： 1. I am writing to thank you for...（我写信感谢您……） I am writing to thank you for your warm hospitality. 2. I am grateful that...（我很感激……） I am grateful that you treated me like a family member. 二、描述经历： 1. It was so kind of you to...（您太好了，……） It was so kind of you to show me around the city. 2. I still remember the day when...（我仍记得……的那天） I still remember the day when we visited the Great Wall together. 三、表达思念与祝福： 1. I do hope that...（我真心希望……） I do hope that we will meet again soon. 2. The thing I miss most is...（我最想念的是……） The thing I miss most is the delicious food you cooked. 语法 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词；already/yet/ever/never/just/for/since） 写作 写感谢邮件（a thank-you email to a host family） 一、知识点精讲 1. exchange n./v. 交流，交换（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ① an exchange programme 交流项目 Our school has started a cultural exchange programme. 我们学校启动了文化交流项目。 ② exchange A for B 把A换成B You can exchange this shirt for a larger size. 你可以把这件衬衫换成大一号的。 【变形】exchangeable adj. 可交换的 2. grateful adj. 感激的（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ① be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事感激某人 I am grateful to my host family for their kindness. 我感激寄宿家庭的善意。 ② be grateful that... 感激…… I am grateful that I had this wonderful experience. 我很感激能有这段美好的经历。 【变形】gratefully adv. 感激地；gratitude n. 感激 3. nervous adj. 紧张的（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ① be nervous about 对……感到紧张 She was nervous about her first day at the new school. 她对新学校的第一天感到紧张。 ② feel nervous 感到紧张 Don't feel nervous. Everything will be fine. 别紧张，一切都会好的。 【变形】nervously adv. 紧张地；nervousness n. 紧张 4. independent adj. 独立的（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ① be independent of 独立于…… She has become more independent of her parents. 她变得更加独立于父母。 ② an independent person 独立的人 Living abroad made her an independent person. 海外生活使她成为一个独立的人。 【变形】independence n. 独立；depend v. 依赖；dependent adj. 依赖的 5. expect v. 期望，预料（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ① expect to do sth. 期望做某事 She expects to make new friends during the trip. 她期望在旅途中交到新朋友。 ② expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 My parents expect me to do well in school. 父母期望我在学校表现好。 ③ be expected to do 被期望做某事 【变形】expectation n. 期望；unexpected adj. 意外的 6. deal v. 处理 n. 交易（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ① deal with 处理，应对 She learned how to deal with difficult situations. 她学会了如何处理困难局面。 ② a great deal of 大量的（修饰不可数名词） He spent a great deal of time studying. 他花了大量时间学习。 【考点精讲】deal with常与how搭配，do with常与what搭配。 7. shock n./v. 震惊（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ① culture shock 文化冲击 Many exchange students experience culture shock. 许多交换生经历文化冲击。 ② be shocked at 对……感到震惊 She was shocked at the difference in customs. 她对习俗的差异感到震惊。 【变形】shocked adj. 震惊的（修饰人）；shocking adj. 令人震惊的（修饰物） 8. accept v. 接受（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ① accept sb.'s invitation 接受某人的邀请 She gladly accepted the invitation to visit Beijing. 她欣然接受了访问北京的邀请。 ② accept the fact 接受事实 It took her a while to accept the fact that she was far from home. 她花了一些时间才接受远离家乡的事实。 【辨析】accept强调主观接受，receive强调客观收到 9. content adj. 满足的 n. 内容（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ① be content with 对……满足 She was content with her life abroad. 她对海外生活感到满足。 ② the content of ……的内容 The content of the email was very touching. 邮件的内容很感人。 【考点精讲】作形容词读/kənˈtent/，作名词读/ˈkɒntent/。 二、核心语法精讲 现在完成时（2024-2026中考考查6次） 1. 基本结构：have/has + 过去分词 - 肯定句：I have already visited the Great Wall. - 否定句：She hasn't finished her homework yet. - 疑问句：Have you ever been to Beijing? 2. 核心用法： - 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响：I have lost my key.（现在打不开门） - 表示从过去持续到现在的状态：She has lived here since 2020. 3. 关键时间词： - already（已经）：用于肯定句，放have/has和过去分词之间 - yet（还，已经）：用于否定句和疑问句末尾 - ever（曾经）：用于疑问句 - never（从不）：用于否定含义 - just（刚刚）：放have/has和过去分词之间 - for + 时间段：for two weeks - since + 时间点/从句：since 2020 / since she arrived 4. 过去分词规则变化：加-ed（与过去式相同） 不规则变化需单独记忆：go→gone, see→seen, eat→eaten, be→been 5. have been to vs have gone to： - have been to：去过（已回） - have gone to：去了（未回） 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元写作核心为感谢邮件，要求格式正确、语言真诚，包含问候、感谢、经历感受、思念祝福等要素。 2. 写作框架 开头：问候+写信目的（感谢） 中间1：具体感谢内容+难忘经历 中间2：回国后的感受+思念 结尾：祝福+保持联系 3. 写作素材 ① I am writing to thank you for your warm hospitality. 我写信感谢您的热情款待。 ② It was so kind of you to... 您太好了，…… ③ I still remember the day when we... 我仍记得我们……的那天 ④ The thing I miss most is... 我最想念的是…… ⑤ I do hope that we will meet again soon. 我真心希望我们能很快再见。 4. 范文背诵 Dear Mr and Mrs Wang, I am writing to thank you for your wonderful hospitality during my exchange trip to Beijing. It was so kind of you to welcome me into your home. I still remember the day when we visited the Great Wall together. The view was amazing! I am also grateful that you taught me how to make dumplings. They were the most delicious dumplings I have ever eaten. Since I came back, I have told my friends all about my experience in Beijing. The thing I miss most is the warm family evenings we shared. I do hope that we will keep in touch. You are always welcome to visit my city! Yours, Emma 易错点01 have been to与have gone to混淆（高频易错） 【助记口诀】been to去过已回来，gone to去了还没回 【错因辨析】 have been to表示"去过某地（已回来）"，have gone to表示"去了某地（还没回来）"。 【对点训练】 1. —Where is Li Ming? —He ______ (has been to/has gone to) the library. 2. I ______ (have been to/have gone to) Shanghai three times. 易错点02 already/yet位置错误 【助记口诀】already中间站，yet句末看 【错因辨析】 already放have/has和过去分词之间，yet放句末。学生常把yet放中间。 【对点训练】 1. She has ______ (already/yet) finished her homework. 2. Have you finished your project ______ (already/yet)? 易错点03 for与since搭配混淆 【助记口诀】for加时间段，since加时间点 【错因辨析】 for后接时间段（for two weeks），since后接时间点或从句（since 2020 / since I arrived）。 【对点训练】 1. She has lived here ______ (for/since) five years. 2. We have been friends ______ (for/since) we were children. 一、根据所给提示填空 1. After six months abroad, I am deeply ______（感激的）to my warm host family. 2. She felt extremely ______（紧张的）when she gave her first speech in front of foreign classmates. 3. Universities in both countries have started a long-term cultural ______（交流）programme for teenagers. 4. Constant challenges of living abroad gradually made her far more ______（独立的）than before. 5. She has ______ /ɪkˈspɪəriənst/ countless unforgettable moments during her exchange trip overseas. 二、单项选择 1. She has ______ been to Shanghai several times, so she knows local customs and the city well. A. never B. yet C. already D. just 2. —Where is Tom? No one can find him in the classroom. —He ______ the school library to borrow books. He'll be back soon. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. goes to 3. I have lived in this coastal city ______ the spring of 2018. A. for B. since C. in D. at 4. With hard work, she has ______ finished all the difficult tasks from the exchange course. A. yet B. never C. already D. ever 5. Have you ______ tried communicating with foreign students in pure English? A. never B. yet C. already D. ever 6. They have been close friends ______ they studied together in primary school six years ago. A. for B. since C. when D. while 7. I am grateful ______ my host family ______ their endless patience and warm kindness. A. to; for B. for; to C. with; for D. to; with 8. She was nervous ______ fitting into the new environment on her first day at the foreign school. A. on B. in C. about D. for 9. During the exchange year, he has learned to ______ all kinds of difficult situations on his own. A. deal B. deal with C. do D. do with 10. I look forward to ______ from you and hearing more stories about your exchange life soon. A. hear B. hearing C. heard D. hears 三、句型转换 1. She has already read the introduction about exchange programmes.（改为否定句） She ______ read the introduction about exchange programmes ______. 2. He has lived abroad as an exchange student for five years.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ has he lived abroad as an exchange student? 3. I have been to Beijing to take part in cultural activities twice.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ times have you been to Beijing to take part in cultural activities? 4. She happily accepted the offer of the exchange programme.（同义替换） She ______ ______ ______ the offer of the exchange programme. 5. They set off for the foreign country to start their exchange life early in the morning.（同义替换） They ______ ______ the foreign country to start their exchange life early in the morning. 四、阅读理解 Passage A Every year, thousands of teenagers from different countries take part in international student exchange programmes. Young people travel overseas, live with carefully chosen host families and receive education at local schools. The experience sounds attractive, but every exchange student has to face unavoidable challenges. The biggest challenge most newcomers meet is culture shock. When students arrive in a foreign land, nearly everything feels unfamiliar — different food, spoken language, social customs, daily manners and even climate. In the first several weeks, many exchange students feel homesick, lonely and anxious. Some struggle to communicate and even consider giving up and flying back home. However, with time going by, most young people gradually adapt to their new surroundings. They build new friendships, practise foreign languages and slowly learn to respect local customs. “At first, I was nervous about everything and afraid of making mistakes,” says Lisa, a German exchange student who spent one semester in China. “Luckily, my host family treated me like their own child. They encouraged me to try traditional food and showed me around historic cities. Now I truly feel grateful for this precious experience.” Lots of research suggests exchange programmes bring long-term advantages for teenagers. Participants become more independent, develop open-minded attitudes and improve their ability to deal with unexpected troubles. Above all, they gain a deeper understanding of cultural differences and learn to view the world from new angles. 1. What is the biggest challenge for newly arrived exchange students? A. Learning difficult local languages B. Culture shock C. Making close friends quickly D. Keeping up with school lessons 2. What does the underlined word “homesick” mean in Chinese? A. 想家的 B. 生病的 C. 兴奋的 D. 自信独立的 3. How did Lisa feel at the beginning of her exchange trip? A. Excited and relaxed B. Nervous and afraid C. Cheerful and grateful D. Confident and calm 4. Which advantage of exchange programmes is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Becoming more independent B. Getting better at solving problems C. Achieving higher exam scores D. Understanding different cultures deeply 5. What is the main idea of the whole passage? A. Ways to travel cheaply in foreign countries B. Challenges and lifelong benefits of student exchange programmes C. Reasons why teenagers should refuse overseas exchange D. Culture shock is completely bad for young students Passage B Zhang Wei spent three months in London as an exchange student last year. Before he set off from China, he had imagined the exchange life would be relaxing and full of fun. As soon as he arrived, he realised reality was far more difficult than he expected. On his very first day in London, Zhang Wei was greatly shocked by all kinds of cultural differences. People drove on the left side of roads. Local people preferred bread and potatoes for lunch instead of rice and dumplings. Besides, British weather was unpredictable — light rain might appear almost every single day. For the first few weeks, he often felt confused and terribly homesick. Things slowly turned better after Zhang Wei joined his school football team. His teammates were friendly and patiently helped him improve his oral English. In return, he began cooking authentic Chinese dishes for his host family on weekends. “Making dumplings together on Friday evenings slowly became our family tradition,” he says with a big smile. Since Zhang Wei returned to China, he has kept in constant touch with his British host family and teammates online. He has also grown much more confident and independent than before. “This exchange trip is the most valuable experience I have ever had,” he shared. “I have learned that feeling uncomfortable and facing difficulties is often the first important step towards personal growth.” Choose the best answer. 1. How long did Zhang Wei stay in London as an exchange student? A. One month B. Three months C. Half a year D. A whole year 2. What surprised Zhang Wei greatly on his first day in London? A. The local people’s kindness B. Different cultural customs C. Low price of local food D. Bright and sunny weather 3. What helped Zhang Wei change his difficult situation? A. Staying alone in his bedroom all day B. Joining the school football team C. Planning to go back to China immediately D. Only eating food imported from China 4. What became the shared tradition for Zhang Wei and his host family? A. Playing football after school B. Watching English movies every night C. Making dumplings together D. Practising English after dinner 5. What lesson can we learn from Zhang Wei’s exchange experience? A. Exchange trips abroad are always easy and enjoyable B. Cultural differences can never be overcome C. Going through hard times can push people to grow D. People should refuse all unfamiliar new experiences 五、语法填空 Last summer vacation, Li Hua 1. ______ (go) on a three-month exchange trip to Australia. She 2. ______ (be) really nervous at first because she had never 3. ______ (travel) to foreign countries alone before. Fortunately, her warm host family was very kind and 4. ______ (help). Since she 5. ______ (arrive) in Australia, she has experienced plenty of amazing new things. She has 6. ______ (try) traditional Australian food, visited famous golden beaches and made lots of international friends. She has also 7. ______ (teach) her host family basic ways to make tasty Chinese dumplings. Gradually, Li Hua has 8. ______ (already) adapted to the completely new environment. She feels much 9. ______ (confident) than she was at the beginning of the trip. She has realised that dealing with different challenges is a necessary part of 10. ______ (grow) up. 六、书面表达 请以“A Thank-you Email”为题，写一封邮件感谢海外寄宿家庭。 写作要求： 1. 真诚感谢他们全程的照顾与包容； 2. 详细分享一件难忘的共同经历； 3. 表达思念，希望保持联系、互相拜访； 词数：100–120词；格式规范，书信结构完整。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Going on an Exchange Trip 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、交流与体验： 1. exchange (交流，交换) The two schools started a cultural exchange programme.（两校启动了文化交流项目。） 2. experience (经历，体验) She had an unforgettable experience in Beijing.（她在北京有一段难忘的经历。） 3. traditional (传统的) She learned traditional Chinese calligraphy.（她学习了中国传统书法。） 4. calligraphy (书法) Chinese calligraphy is a beautiful art form.（中国书法是一种美丽的艺术形式。） 5. foreign (外国的) She was nervous about studying in a foreign country.（她对外国求学感到紧张。） 二、情感与态度： 1. nervous (紧张的) She felt nervous before the speech.（演讲前她感到紧张。） 2. grateful (感激的) I am grateful to my host family for their help.（我感激寄宿家庭的帮助。） 3. confused (困惑的) He was confused by the unfamiliar customs.（他不熟悉的习俗让他困惑。） 4. anxious (焦虑的) She felt anxious about the upcoming exam.（她对即将到来的考试感到焦虑。） 5. homesick (想家的) Many exchange students feel homesick at first.（许多交换生起初会想家。） 三、适应与成长： 1. independent (独立的) Living abroad made her more independent.（海外生活使她更加独立。） 2. adaptation (适应) His quick adaptation to the new environment impressed everyone.（他快速适应新环境让所有人印象深刻。） 3. unfamiliar (不熟悉的) Everything seemed unfamiliar at first.（起初一切似乎都不熟悉。） 4. accept (接受) She gradually accepted the cultural differences.（她逐渐接受了文化差异。） 5. content (满足的) She was content with her life abroad.（她满足于海外的生活。） 四、情境与应对： 1. shock (震惊) The cultural shock was bigger than she expected.（文化冲击比她预想的更大。） 2. situation (情况，处境) She handled the difficult situation well.（她很好地处理了困难局面。） 3. expect (期望，预料) The trip was better than she had expected.（这次旅行比她预料的更好。） 4. deal (处理) She learned how to deal with problems on her own.（她学会了独立处理问题。） 5. phase (阶段) She went through different phases of culture shock.（她经历了文化冲击的不同阶段。） 短 语 一、动词短语 1. deal with (处理，应对) She learned to deal with culture shock.（她学会了应对文化冲击。） 2. look forward to (期待) I look forward to hearing from you.（我期待收到你的来信。） 3. adapt to (适应) It takes time to adapt to a new culture.（适应新文化需要时间。） 4. keep in touch (保持联系) They still keep in touch after the exchange trip.（交换旅行后他们仍保持联系。） 5. set off (出发) They set off for Beijing early in the morning.（他们一早出发去北京。） 二、介词短语 1. at first (起初) At first, she felt homesick and lonely.（起初她感到想家和孤独。） 2. in person (亲自) I want to thank you in person.（我想亲自感谢你。） 3. for the first time (第一次) She tried dumplings for the first time.（她第一次吃了饺子。） 4. as well (也，同样) She visited the Great Wall as well.（她也参观了长城。） 5. from the bottom of my heart (发自内心地) I thank you from the bottom of my heart.（我发自内心地感谢你。） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、表达感谢： 1. I am writing to thank you for...（我写信感谢您……） I am writing to thank you for your warm hospitality. 2. I am grateful that...（我很感激……） I am grateful that you treated me like a family member. 二、描述经历： 1. It was so kind of you to...（您太好了，……） It was so kind of you to show me around the city. 2. I still remember the day when...（我仍记得……的那天） I still remember the day when we visited the Great Wall together. 三、表达思念与祝福： 1. I do hope that...（我真心希望……） I do hope that we will meet again soon. 2. The thing I miss most is...（我最想念的是……） The thing I miss most is the delicious food you cooked. 语法 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词；already/yet/ever/never/just/for/since） 写作 写感谢邮件（a thank-you email to a host family） 一、知识点精讲 1. exchange n./v. 交流，交换（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ① an exchange programme 交流项目 Our school has started a cultural exchange programme. 我们学校启动了文化交流项目。 ② exchange A for B 把A换成B You can exchange this shirt for a larger size. 你可以把这件衬衫换成大一号的。 【变形】exchangeable adj. 可交换的 2. grateful adj. 感激的（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ① be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事感激某人 I am grateful to my host family for their kindness. 我感激寄宿家庭的善意。 ② be grateful that... 感激…… I am grateful that I had this wonderful experience. 我很感激能有这段美好的经历。 【变形】gratefully adv. 感激地；gratitude n. 感激 3. nervous adj. 紧张的（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ① be nervous about 对……感到紧张 She was nervous about her first day at the new school. 她对新学校的第一天感到紧张。 ② feel nervous 感到紧张 Don't feel nervous. Everything will be fine. 别紧张，一切都会好的。 【变形】nervously adv. 紧张地；nervousness n. 紧张 4. independent adj. 独立的（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ① be independent of 独立于…… She has become more independent of her parents. 她变得更加独立于父母。 ② an independent person 独立的人 Living abroad made her an independent person. 海外生活使她成为一个独立的人。 【变形】independence n. 独立；depend v. 依赖；dependent adj. 依赖的 5. expect v. 期望，预料（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ① expect to do sth. 期望做某事 She expects to make new friends during the trip. 她期望在旅途中交到新朋友。 ② expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 My parents expect me to do well in school. 父母期望我在学校表现好。 ③ be expected to do 被期望做某事 【变形】expectation n. 期望；unexpected adj. 意外的 6. deal v. 处理 n. 交易（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ① deal with 处理，应对 She learned how to deal with difficult situations. 她学会了如何处理困难局面。 ② a great deal of 大量的（修饰不可数名词） He spent a great deal of time studying. 他花了大量时间学习。 【考点精讲】deal with常与how搭配，do with常与what搭配。 7. shock n./v. 震惊（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ① culture shock 文化冲击 Many exchange students experience culture shock. 许多交换生经历文化冲击。 ② be shocked at 对……感到震惊 She was shocked at the difference in customs. 她对习俗的差异感到震惊。 【变形】shocked adj. 震惊的（修饰人）；shocking adj. 令人震惊的（修饰物） 8. accept v. 接受（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ① accept sb.'s invitation 接受某人的邀请 She gladly accepted the invitation to visit Beijing. 她欣然接受了访问北京的邀请。 ② accept the fact 接受事实 It took her a while to accept the fact that she was far from home. 她花了一些时间才接受远离家乡的事实。 【辨析】accept强调主观接受，receive强调客观收到 9. content adj. 满足的 n. 内容（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ① be content with 对……满足 She was content with her life abroad. 她对海外生活感到满足。 ② the content of ……的内容 The content of the email was very touching. 邮件的内容很感人。 【考点精讲】作形容词读/kənˈtent/，作名词读/ˈkɒntent/。 二、核心语法精讲 现在完成时（2024-2026中考考查6次） 1. 基本结构：have/has + 过去分词 - 肯定句：I have already visited the Great Wall. - 否定句：She hasn't finished her homework yet. - 疑问句：Have you ever been to Beijing? 2. 核心用法： - 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响：I have lost my key.（现在打不开门） - 表示从过去持续到现在的状态：She has lived here since 2020. 3. 关键时间词： - already（已经）：用于肯定句，放have/has和过去分词之间 - yet（还，已经）：用于否定句和疑问句末尾 - ever（曾经）：用于疑问句 - never（从不）：用于否定含义 - just（刚刚）：放have/has和过去分词之间 - for + 时间段：for two weeks - since + 时间点/从句：since 2020 / since she arrived 4. 过去分词规则变化：加-ed（与过去式相同） 不规则变化需单独记忆：go→gone, see→seen, eat→eaten, be→been 5. have been to vs have gone to： - have been to：去过（已回） - have gone to：去了（未回） 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元写作核心为感谢邮件，要求格式正确、语言真诚，包含问候、感谢、经历感受、思念祝福等要素。 2. 写作框架 开头：问候+写信目的（感谢） 中间1：具体感谢内容+难忘经历 中间2：回国后的感受+思念 结尾：祝福+保持联系 3. 写作素材 ① I am writing to thank you for your warm hospitality. 我写信感谢您的热情款待。 ② It was so kind of you to... 您太好了，…… ③ I still remember the day when we... 我仍记得我们……的那天 ④ The thing I miss most is... 我最想念的是…… ⑤ I do hope that we will meet again soon. 我真心希望我们能很快再见。 4. 范文背诵 Dear Mr and Mrs Wang, I am writing to thank you for your wonderful hospitality during my exchange trip to Beijing. It was so kind of you to welcome me into your home. I still remember the day when we visited the Great Wall together. The view was amazing! I am also grateful that you taught me how to make dumplings. They were the most delicious dumplings I have ever eaten. Since I came back, I have told my friends all about my experience in Beijing. The thing I miss most is the warm family evenings we shared. I do hope that we will keep in touch. You are always welcome to visit my city! Yours, Emma 易错点01 have been to与have gone to混淆（高频易错） 【助记口诀】been to去过已回来，gone to去了还没回 【错因辨析】 have been to表示"去过某地（已回来）"，have gone to表示"去了某地（还没回来）"。 【对点训练】 1. —Where is Li Ming? —He ______ (has been to/has gone to) the library. 2. I ______ (have been to/have gone to) Shanghai three times. 【答案】1. has gone to 2. have been to 【解析】第1题Li Ming不在场，说明去了还没回，用has gone to；第2题去过三次，已回来，用have been to。 易错点02 already/yet位置错误 【助记口诀】already中间站，yet句末看 【错因辨析】 already放have/has和过去分词之间，yet放句末。学生常把yet放中间。 【对点训练】 1. She has ______ (already/yet) finished her homework. 2. Have you finished your project ______ (already/yet)? 【答案】1. already 2. yet 【解析】第1题肯定句，already放中间；第2题疑问句，yet放句末。 易错点03 for与since搭配混淆 【助记口诀】for加时间段，since加时间点 【错因辨析】 for后接时间段（for two weeks），since后接时间点或从句（since 2020 / since I arrived）。 【对点训练】 1. She has lived here ______ (for/since) five years. 2. We have been friends ______ (for/since) we were children. 【答案】1. for 2. since 【解析】第1题five years是时间段，用for；第2题we were children是从句，用since。 一、根据所给提示填空 1. After six months abroad, I am deeply ______（感激的）to my warm host family. 【答案】grateful 【解析】 ① 空格放在be动词am后，使用形容词作表语；grateful adj. 感激的； ② 必考固定搭配：be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事感激某人； ③ 词形拓展：gratitude n. 感激（名词）； ❌易错警示：不要混淆thankful（侧重感谢小事），grateful侧重长期、发自内心的感激。 2. She felt extremely ______（紧张的）when she gave her first speech in front of foreign classmates. 【答案】nervous 【解析】 ① feel为系动词，后接形容词；nervous adj.紧张不安的； ② 固定搭配：be/feel nervous about sth. 对某事感到紧张； 辨析：anxious侧重焦虑担忧；nervous侧重当众、陌生环境紧张。 3. Universities in both countries have started a long-term cultural ______（交流）programme for teenagers. 【答案】exchange 【解析】 ① exchange n. 交流、交换；名词作定语； ② 固定短语：cultural exchange programme 文化交流项目；exchange student 交换生； 拓展：exchange v. exchange ideas 交流想法。 4. Constant challenges of living abroad gradually made her far more ______（独立的）than before. 【答案】independent 【解析】 ① more + 形容词原级，构成比较级；independent adj.独立的； ② 反义词：dependent adj.依赖的；词形拓展：independence n.独立； 句型：make sb. + 形容词 使某人变得…… 5. She has ______ /ɪkˈspɪəriənst/ countless unforgettable moments during her exchange trip overseas. 【答案】experienced 【解析】 ① 根据音标锁定单词；句子时态为现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词； ② experience v.经历；过去分词 experienced； 词义区分：experienced（adj.有经验的）；experience n.经历、经验； ❌拼写陷阱：不要漏写字母e。 二、单项选择 1. She has ______ been to Shanghai several times, so she knows local customs and the city well. A. never B. yet C. already D. just 【答案】C 【解析】 ✅副词用法规则（现在完成时核心考点）： already：已经，多用于肯定句，放在have/has与过去分词中间； yet：还、尚，多用于否定句、疑问句，常放句末； never：从未；just：刚刚； 语境：十分熟悉这座城市，说明她已经去过多次，肯定句选用already。 2. —Where is Tom? No one can find him in the classroom. —He ______ the school library to borrow books. He'll be back soon. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. goes to 【答案】B 【解析】 【中考重中之重三组辨析】 ① has gone to +地点：去了某地（人不在现场，尚未返回） ② has been to +地点：去过某地（曾经去过，现在已经回来） ③ has been in +地点：待在某地（持续一段时间） 对话语境：Tom找不到人，外出未归，选用has gone to。 3. I have lived in this coastal city ______ the spring of 2018. A. for B. since C. in D. at 【答案】B 【解析】 现在完成时时间连词区分： ✅ since + 时间点（年份、月份、从句）自从……； ✅ for + 时间段（for five years长达五年）； 2018年春天是时间点，搭配since； ❌in/at只用于一般过去时，不能搭配现在完成时。 4. With hard work, she has ______ finished all the difficult tasks from the exchange course. A. yet B. never C. already D. ever 【答案】C 【解析】 句子为肯定陈述句，表达“她已经完成所有任务”； already用于肯定句，表示“已经”；yet只用于疑问、否定句，直接排除A。 5. Have you ______ tried communicating with foreign students in pure English? A. never B. yet C. already D. ever 【答案】D 【解析】 ever：曾经；专门用于现在完成时疑问句，询问过往经历； 翻译：你曾经尝试过用纯英语和外国学生交流吗？ 补充：never本身表否定，不用于一般疑问句。 6. They have been close friends ______ they studied together in primary school six years ago. A. for B. since C. when D. while 【答案】B 【解析】 since 连词，引导时间状语从句，从句时态常用一般过去时，主句使用现在完成时； 句意：自从六年前小学同窗起，他们一直是好友； for后面不能接完整句子，只能接时间段。 7. I am grateful ______ my host family ______ their endless patience and warm kindness. A. to; for B. for; to C. with; for D. to; with 【答案】A 【解析】 固定搭配拆分记忆：be grateful to sb. for sth. to + 人：对某人心怀感激 for + 事物：因为某事感激 不存在for sb. / with的搭配形式。 8. She was nervous ______ fitting into the new environment on her first day at the foreign school. A. on B. in C. about D. for 【答案】C 【解析】 固定短语 be nervous about sth./doing sth. 对……感到紧张、担忧； 拓展：worry about / be worried about 同义短语。 9. During the exchange year, he has learned to ______ all kinds of difficult situations on his own. A. deal B. deal with C. do D. do with 【答案】B 【解析】 高频辨析： ✅deal with：应对、处理；常与how搭配； ✅do with：处理；常与what搭配； deal为不及物动词，后面接宾语必须加介词with； 空格后有宾语all kinds of difficult situations，选用deal with。 10. I look forward to ______ from you and hearing more stories about your exchange life soon. A. hear B. hearing C. heard D. hears 【答案】B 【解析】 致命易错点：look forward to 中的to是介词，不是不定式符号； 介词后面只能接名词、动名词doing； 固定搭配 look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事；同类：pay attention to doing。 三、句型转换 1. She has already read the introduction about exchange programmes.（改为否定句） She ______ read the introduction about exchange programmes ______. 【答案】hasn't; yet 【解析】 现在完成时否定变化规则： ① 肯定句 has → 否定 hasn’t； ② already（肯定句）必须改为yet，移至句子末尾； 完整结构：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词 + … + yet。 2. He has lived abroad as an exchange student for five years.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ has he lived abroad as an exchange student? 【答案】How long 【解析】 提问逻辑： ✅How long：对持续时间段（for+时间段）提问，可用于现在完成时； ❌How soon：对“多久之后”提问，多用于将来时； ❌How often：询问频率。 3. I have been to Beijing to take part in cultural activities twice.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ times have you been to Beijing to take part in cultural activities? 【答案】How many 【解析】 twice（两次）属于次数；times为可数名词复数； How many + 可数名词复数；How much + 不可数名词。 4. She happily accepted the offer of the exchange programme.（同义替换） She ______ ______ ______ the offer of the exchange programme. 【答案】said yes to 【解析】 accept v.接受 = say yes to； 时态统一：原句accepted一般过去时，所以say变为said； 反义词组：say no to 拒绝。 5. They set off for the foreign country to start their exchange life early in the morning.（同义替换） They ______ ______ the foreign country to start their exchange life early in the morning. 【答案】left for 【解析】 固定短语同义转换：set off for = leave for 动身前往某地； 时态统一，leave过去式left； 区分：leave +地点（离开某地）；leave for +地点（动身前往某地）。 四、阅读理解 Passage A Every year, thousands of teenagers from different countries take part in international student exchange programmes. Young people travel overseas, live with carefully chosen host families and receive education at local schools. The experience sounds attractive, but every exchange student has to face unavoidable challenges. The biggest challenge most newcomers meet is culture shock. When students arrive in a foreign land, nearly everything feels unfamiliar — different food, spoken language, social customs, daily manners and even climate. In the first several weeks, many exchange students feel homesick, lonely and anxious. Some struggle to communicate and even consider giving up and flying back home. However, with time going by, most young people gradually adapt to their new surroundings. They build new friendships, practise foreign languages and slowly learn to respect local customs. “At first, I was nervous about everything and afraid of making mistakes,” says Lisa, a German exchange student who spent one semester in China. “Luckily, my host family treated me like their own child. They encouraged me to try traditional food and showed me around historic cities. Now I truly feel grateful for this precious experience.” Lots of research suggests exchange programmes bring long-term advantages for teenagers. Participants become more independent, develop open-minded attitudes and improve their ability to deal with unexpected troubles. Above all, they gain a deeper understanding of cultural differences and learn to view the world from new angles. 1. What is the biggest challenge for newly arrived exchange students? A. Learning difficult local languages B. Culture shock C. Making close friends quickly D. Keeping up with school lessons 2. What does the underlined word “homesick” mean in Chinese? A. 想家的 B. 生病的 C. 兴奋的 D. 自信独立的 3. How did Lisa feel at the beginning of her exchange trip? A. Excited and relaxed B. Nervous and afraid C. Cheerful and grateful D. Confident and calm 4. Which advantage of exchange programmes is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Becoming more independent B. Getting better at solving problems C. Achieving higher exam scores D. Understanding different cultures deeply 5. What is the main idea of the whole passage? A. Ways to travel cheaply in foreign countries B. Challenges and lifelong benefits of student exchange programmes C. Reasons why teenagers should refuse overseas exchange D. Culture shock is completely bad for young students 1. B 【解析】定位第二段首句 The biggest challenge most newcomers meet is culture shock；其余选项文中有所提及，但不属于最大挑战。 2. A【解析】构词法辅助猜测：home（家）+ sick（想念、难受）；结合上下文独自在海外感到孤单，推断词义为想家的。 3. B 【解析】 原文定位：At first, I was nervous about everything and afraid of making mistakes。 4. C 【解析】 末段列出益处：independent、deal with troubles、understand cultural differences；全文没有提 5. B 【解析】 主旨概括：文章前半部分讲交换生遇到的困难（文化冲击），后半部分讲述长期收获； A偏离主题；C、D观点极端，与原文不符。 Passage B Zhang Wei spent three months in London as an exchange student last year. Before he set off from China, he had imagined the exchange life would be relaxing and full of fun. As soon as he arrived, he realised reality was far more difficult than he expected. On his very first day in London, Zhang Wei was greatly shocked by all kinds of cultural differences. People drove on the left side of roads. Local people preferred bread and potatoes for lunch instead of rice and dumplings. Besides, British weather was unpredictable — light rain might appear almost every single day. For the first few weeks, he often felt confused and terribly homesick. Things slowly turned better after Zhang Wei joined his school football team. His teammates were friendly and patiently helped him improve his oral English. In return, he began cooking authentic Chinese dishes for his host family on weekends. “Making dumplings together on Friday evenings slowly became our family tradition,” he says with a big smile. Since Zhang Wei returned to China, he has kept in constant touch with his British host family and teammates online. He has also grown much more confident and independent than before. “This exchange trip is the most valuable experience I have ever had,” he shared. “I have learned that feeling uncomfortable and facing difficulties is often the first important step towards personal growth.” Choose the best answer. 1. How long did Zhang Wei stay in London as an exchange student? A. One month B. Three months C. Half a year D. A whole year 2. What surprised Zhang Wei greatly on his first day in London? A. The local people’s kindness B. Different cultural customs C. Low price of local food D. Bright and sunny weather 3. What helped Zhang Wei change his difficult situation? A. Staying alone in his bedroom all day B. Joining the school football team C. Planning to go back to China immediately D. Only eating food imported from China 4. What became the shared tradition for Zhang Wei and his host family? A. Playing football after school B. Watching English movies every night C. Making dumplings together D. Practising English after dinner 5. What lesson can we learn from Zhang Wei’s exchange experience? A. Exchange trips abroad are always easy and enjoyable B. Cultural differences can never be overcome C. Going through hard times can push people to grow D. People should refuse all unfamiliar new experiences 1. B 【解析】第一段首句直接定位：Zhang Wei spent three months in London as an exchange student。 2. B 【解析】原文线索：he was greatly shocked by all kinds of cultural differences；cultural differences = cultural customs。 3. B 【解析】第三段：Things slowly turned better after Zhang Wei joined his school football team。 4. C 【解析】原文信息：Making dumplings together on Friday evenings slowly became our family tradition。 5. C 【解析】推理题，定位文章结尾：feeling uncomfortable and facing difficulties is often the first important step towards personal growth；A、B、D带有绝对化表述，明显错误。 五、语法填空 Last summer vacation, Li Hua 1. ______ (go) on a three-month exchange trip to Australia. She 2. ______ (be) really nervous at first because she had never 3. ______ (travel) to foreign countries alone before. Fortunately, her warm host family was very kind and 4. ______ (help). Since she 5. ______ (arrive) in Australia, she has experienced plenty of amazing new things. She has 6. ______ (try) traditional Australian food, visited famous golden beaches and made lots of international friends. She has also 7. ______ (teach) her host family basic ways to make tasty Chinese dumplings. Gradually, Li Hua has 8. ______ (already) adapted to the completely new environment. She feels much 9. ______ (confident) than she was at the beginning of the trip. She has realised that dealing with different challenges is a necessary part of 10. ______ (grow) up. 1. went 【解析】Last summer vacation（去年暑假）是明确过去时间，使用一般过去时；go不规则过去式went；区分：现在完成时不能搭配具体过去时间点。 2. was 【解析】描述刚抵达时过去的状态，一般过去时；主语she单数，be动词选用was。 3. travelled 【解析】had + 过去分词，过去完成时，表示在出国之前从未独自海外旅行；travel过去分词travelled。 4. helpful 【解析】and连接并列形容词；kind（友善的），需要形容词helpful（乐于助人的）修饰host family；help动词→helpful形容词。 5. arrived 【解析】since引导时间状语从句，规则：主句现在完成时，从句一般过去时；arrive过去式arrived。 6. tried 【解析】主句现在完成时结构 has + 过去分词；try过去分词tried。 7. taught 【解析】现在完成时；teach不规则变形：teach – taught – taught；高频不规则动词，重点背诵。 8. already 【解析】副词位置：have/has + already + 过去分词；肯定句中表示“已经”。 9. more confident 【解析】than比较级标志；much用来修饰比较级；confident多音节形容词，比较级more confident。 10. growing 【解析】介词of后面，必须使用动名词；grow up成长；固定搭配 part of growing up 成长的一部分。 六、书面表达 请以“A Thank-you Email”为题，写一封邮件感谢海外寄宿家庭。 写作要求： 1. 真诚感谢他们全程的照顾与包容； 2. 详细分享一件难忘的共同经历； 3. 表达思念，希望保持联系、互相拜访； 词数：100–120词；格式规范，书信结构完整。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】 Dear Mr and Mrs Smith, I am writing this email to express my sincere thanks for your endless care and kindness during my exchange stay in London. I will never forget how patiently you helped me get used to local life when I felt nervous and lonely at first. The trip to the British Museum remains my most unforgettable memory. We enjoyed wonderful exhibitions and shared interesting stories on the way. I am also grateful that you practised English with me every evening. Now I have returned to China, but I still miss our warm evening chats and homemade breakfast. I hope we can keep in touch. You are warmly welcome to visit China in the future. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 【总体分析】 1. 篇章结构（标准英文邮件三段式） 第一段：开门见山，表明写信目的——表达感谢； 第二段：回忆具体难忘经历，紧扣题目要点，运用单元核心词汇nervous, grateful； 第三段：抒发思念，提出保持联系、发出邀请，自然收尾。 2. 单元核心句型落实 be grateful for… 感激……；get used to 适应；keep in touch 保持联系 3. 时态规划 回忆海外经历使用一般过去时；描述当下感受、未来期盼使用一般现在时、一般将来时，时态搭配规范。 4. 提分亮点句式 I will never forget how patiently you helped me…（宾语从句提升文采） 5. 评分提醒 三大写作要点必须全部覆盖；注意英文邮件格式（称呼、结束语、署名），词数控制在100–120词。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $