Unit 5 Going on an exchange trip-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（沪教版）

U5 Going on an exchange trip 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★现在完成时；already/yet/ever/never/since/for用法 语法精讲精练一 1.现在完成时的定义与构成 项目 说明 表示过去发生的动作或状态与现在有联系，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过 定义 去一直持续到现在的动作/状态。 构成 have/has+过去分词（过去分词规则变化加-ed,不规则变化需单独记忆） 人称搭配 主语为第三人称单数(he/she/it)用has,其余人称用have 例句 √I have finished my homework.(我已经完成了作业一一强调现在作业已做完) She has visited Beijing twice.(她去过北京两次一一强调现在有去过两次的经历) 2.基本用法（四大核心考点） 考点①：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果（中考高频） 动作发生在过去，但结果或影响延续到现在，常与already 标志词：already(已经)、yet(已经/还未)、just(刚刚)、evet(曾经)、never(从 未) 例句 √I have already eaten lunch.（我已经吃过午饭了一一现在不饿) √He hasn't come back yet..(（他还没回来一一现在不在) 考点②：表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态（中考高频） 常与since 动词必须是延续性动词（如ive、wo、study、.stay等），非延续性动词（如buy、die join)需转换为延续性表达。 转换规则（中考必考） buy→have had boow→have kept die→have been dead join->have been a member of/have been in leave->have been away from aive→have been in/at 例句 √I have lived here for 10 years.(我在这里住了l0年一一持续到现在) √She has studied English since2018.（她从20l8年起学英语一一持续到现在) 考点③：already/yet/ever/never的用法（中考核心） 词 含义 用法位置 例句 肯定句中，常放在 I have already finished my already 已经 have/has之后、过去分词 work 之前 Have you finished your 己经（疑问句）/还未 yet 疑问句和否定句句末 homework yet?/I haven't (否定句) finished it yet. 般疑问句中，放在 Have you ever been to ever 曾经 have/has之后、过去分词 Beijing? 之前 否定句中，等于not I have never seen such a never 从未 ever,放在have/has之 beautiful sunset. 后、过去分词之前 注意：already用于疑问句时表示惊讶语气（如Have you already finished?你这么快就做完 了？)，但中考常考语用，非特别难度可不强调。 考点④：since与for的用法（中考高频，常考辨析） 词 含义 后接内容 例句 ①时间点（具体时间、 I have known him since since 自从…以来 过去时间状语从句)② 2019.She has waited 般过去时的从句 since he left. 时间段(two hours,.three He has worked here for for 持续…（时间） years,a long time等) five years. 易错点 since后接时间点(since8o'clock/since last Friday).或过去时从句(since I came here) for后接时间段（for three days/for a long time) 提问用How long:How long have you lived here?一Since20l0./Forl0yeas. 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考） 辨析①：现在完成时vs一般过去时 时态 侧重点 常见标志词 例句 I saw the movie yesterday. 一般过去时 只强调过去发生的事，与 yesterday,last week,ago, (昨天看的，今天可能忘 现在无关 in2000 了) I have seen the movie. 强调过去动作对现在的影 already,yet,ever,never, 现在完成时 看过这部电影一一现在知 响或结果，或延续到现在 since,for,just 道内容) 辨析②：have been to/have gone to/have been in 结构 含义 例句 She has been to Shanghai twice.(去过两 have been to 去过某地（已回来） 次，现在不在上海) He has gone to the library.(他现在在图 have gone to 去了某地（未回来，人不在说话地） 书馆或去图书馆的路上) They have been in Beijing for 5 years. have been in 在某地待了…（持续性) (他们在北京待了5年) 注意：have been to后接地点，可接次数；have gone to主语不能是Iyou/we(因为说话 时人不在)；have been in后接地点，常与for/since连用。 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，8-10题/大题，共3大题） (一)单项选择 1.-Where is Tom? A.has been B.has gone C.went D.goes 2.I this book for two weeks.I must return it tomorrow. A.have bought B.have had C.bought D.had 3.-Have you been to the Great Wall? A.already B.ever C.yet D.just 4.My mother Shanghai on business.She will come back next Monday. A.has been to B.has gone to C.has been in D.went to 5.We each other since we were children. A.know B.knew C.have known D.had known 6.-Would you like something to eat? A.have;,yet B.have had;already C.had,already D.had;yet 7.She the English club for three years.She is very good at it. A.has joined B.has been in C.joined D.has been to 8. he ever to the new science museum? A.Has;been B.Did,go C.Is;going D.Does;go 9.-How long you this car? A.have,bought B.did;buy C.have;had D.do;have 10.I the football match yet.I will watch it tonight. A.haven't seen B.didn't see C.don't see D.won't see (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、完整。 My name is Li Hua.I 1. (live)in this city since I was born.I 2. (never/be)to the countyside,but I really want to go there.Last summer,my cousin 3. (invite)me to his village.I (not/reply)to him yet because I was busy with my exams. Yesterday,I 5 (receive)a letter from him.He said he 6. (buy)a new camera and 7. (take)many beautiful photos already.He 8. (be)in the village for five years and 9 (know)a lot about farming.I think I 10. (make)a decision tomorrow.I want to visit him and experience the life there (三)完成句子 1.我已经完成了我的家庭作业。I my homework 2.你曾经去过北京吗？ you to Beijing? 3.她自从2019年就住在这里。She here 2019 4.这本书我借了三个星期了。I this book three weeks. 5.他还没有吃过晚饭。He dinner 6.你以前看过这部电影吗？ you this movie before? 7.我们认识已经有十年了。We each other ten years 8.妈妈去超市了，她还没回来。Mom to the supermarket.She come back 9.这是我看过的最有趣的书。This is the interesting book I ever 10.自从他离开，我就再也没有见过他。I him since he 三、参考答案 （一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.C;6B;7.B;8.A;9.C;10.A 选择 (二)语法 1.have lived 2.have never been 3.invited 4.haven't replied 5.received 6.has 填空 bought 7.has taken 8.has been 9.has known 10.will make 1.have finished;already 2.Have;ever;been 3.has lived;since 4.have kept;for (三)完成 5.hasn't had;yet 6.Have;ever seen 7.have known;for 8.has gone;hasn't;yet 句子 9.most;have;read 10.haven't seen;left 章 语法精讲精练二 1.形容词的定义与功能 定义：形容词(Adjective)用来修饰名词/代词，说明人或事物的性质、状态、特征或数 量。 核心考点：形容词在句中只能作定语、表语、补语，不能作谓语（中考最基础的易错 点)。 2.形容词的基本用法（四大核心考点） 核心考点 用法说明 例句 中考易错/重点 ①作定语 前置定语：绝大多数 前置：a beautiful girl ★多个形容词修饰 形容词放在名词前 后置：Ihave 名词的顺序口诀：美 后置定语：修饰不定 something important to 小圆旧黄，法国木书 代词 tell you.后置：the 房（限定词→描绘 something/anything/ only person awake →大小→形状→新旧 nothing/everything) →颜色→国籍→材料 时形容词后置；部分 类别→名词) 以-able-ible结尾的形 例：a small1 ound red 容词或表语形容词 Chinese wooden table ( alone/asleep/awake) 也可后置 放在系动词后。系动 词包括：be动词、感 √形容词作表语时 官动词 The flower smells 不能直接修饰名词 (look/sound/smell/tast ②作表语 sweet..(甜的是花， 易错辨析：The sweet e/feel)、变化动词 不是闻这个动作) flower is red.(sweet (become/get/turn/gro 作定语) w)、保持动词 (keep/stay/remain) 结构：动词+宾语+形 容词常见搭配动 ★make/keep+宾语 ③作宾语补足语 词： We should keep our +形容词固定搭配， classroom clean keep/make/leave/find/t 语法填空常考 hik/feel等 原级：as+形容词原 级+as(和…一 原级否定：not as.as 样)；not as/so+形容 原级：This book is as 可换not so..as比较 词原级+as(不 interesting as that one. 级特殊变形： 如…)比较级：形 比较级：Lily is taller good/wel→better; 容词比较级+han; than Lucy.最高级： bad/badly-→wose; ④形容词的级（原 the+比较级，he+ 级/比较级/最高级) This is the most many/much→nore最 比较级（越… beautiful city in China. 高级前加the;范围介 越…)最高级：he 最高级：He is one of 词：in+地点，of计群 +形容词最高级+ the hardest-working 体 名词+范围；one of students. far>farthest/furthest the+最高级+复数 易混淆 名词 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考） 易混点 说明 例句 考点提示 形容词修饰名词/代 He is a careful boy.He 词性转换常考： 词；副词修饰动词/ 形容词vs副词 does his homework care-→careful→carefull 形容词/副词/整个句 carefully. 并非所有-y结尾都是 fiiendly的比较级为 She is a friendly girl. 副词！常见：fiiendly, fiiendlier,最高级 以-y结尾的形容词 She is friendlier than lovely,lonely,lively, fiiendliest(中考易 me. daily 错) 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共8题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-What do you think of the movie?-It's than the last one.I want to watch it again. A.interesting B.more interesting C.most interesting D.the most interesting 2.There is in today's newspaper.Let's watch TV instead. A.important nothing B.nothing important C.important anything D.anything important 3.The little girl looked when she heard the good news. A.happily B.happy C.happiness D.happier 4.-Which is the blue shirt or the red one? A.beautiful B.more beautiful C.most beautiful D.the most beautiful 5.We should keep in the reading room A.quietly B.quiet C.quietly D.quietness 6.This is useful book I have ever read.I learned a lot from it A.a B.an C.the most D.most 7.The we prepare,the we will feel in the exam. A.more;more confident B.much;confident C.most;most confident D.many;confident 8.—Is this book ?-Yes,it's my favorite.I like it very much. A.yours B.your C.you D.yourself (二)语法填空（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式，使短文通顺、完整。 My best friend is Lily.She is a (love)girl with big eyes.She is not only (help)but also hard-working.Every morning,she gets up (early)than me to read English.She always gets good grades because she studies (careful) Last week,we had a school trip to the countryside.The scenery there was (beautiful)than I expected.We picked fresh fruits and fed small animals.Lily was (excite)than any other student.She took many photos and told me that she wanted to visit there again On the way back,I felt a little tired.Lily noticed it and shared her water with me.She is really a (care)friend.I think she is one of the _(popular)students in our class. Do you want to make friends with a girl like her?If you do,you will have a (wonder)time.She is always ready to help others and never says a bad word about anyone She is truly a (value)friend. (三)完成句子（共10题） 1.这本书和那本书一样有趣。 This book is that one. 2.他是我们班最勤奋的学生之一。 He is the students in our class. 3.请保持教室干净整洁。 Please the classroom and 4.这件衣服不如那件漂亮。 This dress is that one. 5.你越努力，就会越优秀。 you work, you will be. 6.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。 I have to tell you. 7.这种花闻起来很香。 This kind of flower 8.她是一个友好的女孩，我们都喜欢和她相处。 She is a girl.We all like with her. 9这是我看过的最感人的电影。 This is the movie I have ever seen. 10.他的爸爸看起来很年轻，其实他已经四十多岁了。 His father looks but he is in his forties. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.C;7.A;8.A 选择 (二)语法 1.lovely 2.helpful ;3.earlier 4.carefully 5.more beautiful 6.more excited 填空 7.caring 8.most popular 9.wonderful 10.valuable 1.as interesting as j 2.one of most hard-working 3.keep;clean;tidy 4.not as/so (三)完成 beautiful as 5.The harder,the better 6.something important 7.smells sweet 句子 8.friendly,to get on/along ;9.most moving 10.very young