Unit 4 Role Models(知识清单)英语新教材北师大版八年级上册
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摘要:
该初中英语Unit 4 Role Models知识清单系统整合了主题词汇、核心短语、实用句型、语法规则及写作指导等内容,通过“词汇-短语-句型-语法-写作”的阶梯式架构,为学生搭建从基础语言知识到综合运用能力的学习支架。
清单以“词汇详解+语法辨析+写作应用”为主线,词汇标注音标、搭配及例句,语法模块通过“构成-用法-易混点”分层解析,如“动词+ing”明确适用动词及与“to do”的区别,培养学生语言能力和思维品质。特设写作框架、范文及练习题,如“介绍榜样”句型填空和语法填空题,助力学生自主巩固,教师可直接用于课堂教学与课后辅导。
内容正文:
Unit 4 Role Models
主
题
词
汇
1. /rəʊl ˈmɒdl/n榜样;楷模 .
搭配a good role model(好榜样)、learn from role models(向榜样学习)
例:Qian Xuesen is a great national role model.(钱学森是伟大的国家榜样)
2. /ˈsəʊldʒə(r)/n.士兵;军人
搭配Red Army soldier(红军战士)、army soldier(军人)
例:Lei Feng was a selfless soldier of the Peoples Liberation Army.(雷锋是无私的人民解放军战士)
3. /ˈselfləs/ adj.无私的
搭配selfless love(无私的爱)、selfless contribution(无私的奉献)
例:Her selfless spirit inspires everyone around her.(她的无私精神激励着身边每一个人)
4. /ˈvɒləntri/ adj.志愿的;自愿的
搭配voluntary work(志愿工作)、voluntary service(志愿服务)
例:She spends weekends doing voluntary work at the community.(她周末在社区做志愿工作)
5. /ədˈmaɪə(r)/ v.钦佩;仰慕
搭配admire sb. for sth.(因某事钦佩某人)
例:We admire Marie Curie for her dedication to science.(我们钦佩居里夫人对科学的执着)
6. /dɪˈvəʊt/ v.致力于;奉献
搭配devote oneself to(致力于)、devote time to(把时间用于)
例:He devoted his life to helping poor people get healthcare.(他毕生致力于帮助穷人获得医疗服务)
7. /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n.勇气;胆量
搭配have the courage to do(有勇气做某事)、show courage(展现勇气)
例:The Red Army soldiers showed great courage in the Battle of Luding Bridge.(红军战士在泸定桥战役中展现了巨大的勇气)
8. /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n.贡献;捐献
搭配make a contribution to(为……做贡献)
例:Qian Xuesen made great contributions to Chinas space programme.(钱学森为中国航天事业做出了巨大贡献)
9. /rɪˈfleksɪv/ adj.反身的
搭配reflexive pronoun(反身代词)
例:"Myself" and "ourselves" are reflexive pronouns.(“myself”和“ourselves”是反身代词)
10. /səˈvaɪv/ v.幸存;活下来
搭配survive a disaster(在灾难中幸存)
例:Many people survived the flood with the help of rescuers.(在救援人员的帮助下,许多人在洪水中幸存)
短
语
1. 尊敬;敬仰
Young people look up to those who work hard for others.(年轻人敬仰那些为他人努力的人)
2. 树立榜样
Lang Ping set a good example for young athletes.(郎平为年轻运动员树立了好榜样)
3. 致力于;全身心投入
Osei Boateng devoted himself to providing healthcare for faraway communities.(奥塞·博阿滕致力于为偏远社区提供医疗服务)
4. 过去常常做某事
She used to volunteer at the hospital on weekends.(她过去常常周末在医院做志愿工作)
5. 花费时间做某事
He spends a lot of time helping children with their studies.(他花很多时间帮助孩子们学习)
6. 放弃;认输
Never give up even when you face difficulties.(即使面临困难,也永不放弃)
7. 有影响;起作用
Everyone can make a difference to the world.(每个人都能为世界带来改变)
8. 逐个地;逐一地
The Red Army soldiers stepped forward one by one to volunteer.(红军战士逐个站出来报名志愿)
9. 冒着生命危险
He risked his life to save the child from the fire.(他冒着生命危险从火中救出了孩子)
10. 参加;参与
She takes part in various voluntary activities every month.(她每个月参加各种志愿活动)
11. 不管怎样;以某种方式
All role models change the world in one way or another.(所有榜样都以某种方式改变着世界)
实
用
交
际
套
句
型
1.介绍榜样:My role model is + 人物 + who/that + 从句. 我的榜样是……的人。
My role model is Yuan Longping who his life to hybrid rice.(我的榜样是毕生致力于杂交水稻的袁隆平)
2.描述榜样品质:Sb. is + 品质形容词 + because + 从句. 某人是……的,因为……
Marie Curie is because she risked her life for scientific research.(居里夫人很勇敢,因为她为科学研究冒着生命危险)
3.表达过去习惯:Sb. used to + 动词原形 + 其他. 某人过去常常……
Lei Feng people in need whenever he could.(雷锋过去常常随时帮助有需要的人)
4.表达现在持续的行为:Sb. keeps + v-ing + 其他. 某人一直坚持做……
She voluntary work to help the elderly.(她一直坚持做志愿工作帮助老人)
5.强调自我行为:Sb. + 动词 + oneself + 其他. 某人亲自做……
He English when he was a child.(他小时候自学英语)
6.询问榜样相关:What makes sb. a role model? 是什么让某人成为榜样?
A: Qian Xuesen a national hero? B: His devotion to Chinas development.(A:是什么让钱学森成为民族英雄?B:他对中国发展的奉献)
7.表达从榜样学到的:I learn from sb. that + 从句. 我从某人身上学到……
I my teacher that hard work pays off.(我从老师身上学到努力就有回报)
语法
1.反身代词
2.Verb + v-ing(1)
3.Used to
写作
榜样
一、知识点精讲
知识点1:admire v.钦佩,赞赏,仰慕;欣赏
【详解】
admire sb./sth.
admire sb./sth. for sth.
admire sb. for doing sth.
Yuan Longping is one of our national heroes. We him very much.袁隆平是我们的国家英雄之一。我们非常钦佩他。
We all her for her knowledge.我们都因她的学识而钦佩她。
She admires her classmate always being kind to others.她因她的同学总是对他人友善而钦佩他/她。
In the afternoon, I should take a walk in the woods and the beauties of nature.下午,我应该在树林里散步,欣赏大自然的迷人之处。
admire 的派生词
admirable adj.令人钦佩的,值得赞美的
admiring adj.钦佩的,赞美的
admiration n.钦佩,赞赏,羡慕
He is a much writer.他是一位值得尊敬的作家。
The teacher gave her an look.老师向她投去赞赏的目光。
He never lost the of his students.他从未失去学生对他的赞赏。
知识点2:offer vt.主动提出,自愿给予;提供(东西或机会),供应
【详解】
(1)offer作及物动词,可意为“主动提出,自愿给予”,其后可直接跟宾语,其常见搭配有:
offer to do sth.主动提出做某事
offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.向某人提供某物
One by one the Red Army soldiers stepped forward to themselves and risk their lives.红军战士一个接一个地站出来报名,不惜牺牲性命。
Many people offer help me.许多人主动提出要帮助我。
They decided to offer the job to Jo.=They decided to Jo the job.他们决定把这份工作给乔。
(2)offer作及物动词,还可意为“提供(东西或机会),供应”。
This job a great opportunity for my career development.这份工作为我的职业发展提供了很好的机会。
Your doctor should be able to advice on diet.你的医生应该能够在饮食方面提供建议。
offer还可以作名词,表示以下含义:主动提议,建议;出价,报价;(通常为短期的)减价,削价,特价。I had to turn down a job offer from a publisher because the pay was too low. 我不得不拒绝一家出版商给我的工作机会,因为报酬太低了。
The museum received an offer for the painting of$19 million.博物馆收到了这幅画的1,900万美元的报价。The supermarket's special offer attracted many customers.这家超市的特价优惠吸引了很多顾客。
知识点3:so.that..引导结果状语从句
【详解】
原文分析P71
They fought so hard and bravely that the enemies couldn't believe their eyes.
主句主语 主句谓语 从句主语 从句谓语 从句宾语
他们战斗得如此激烈且英勇,以至于敌人不敢相信他们的眼睛。
本句是一个含有结果状语从句的主从复合句,描述了主句主语做某事的结果。
(1) so..that..引导结果状语从句,so修饰形容词或副词,具体结构如下:
①so+adj./adv.+that 从句He is so clever that he can solve the problem easily.他如此聪明以至于他能轻易地解决这个问题。
He liked her acting he offered her the lead role in his new play.他非常喜欢她的表演,以至于他主动提出让她在他的新戏中担任主角。
②so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句
It is we want to go out for a walk.天气如此好,以至于我们想出去散步。
(2)so.that.可以和 such.that.进行转换,但二者的用法有所区别。such.that.中的such修饰名词,具体结构如下:
①such+adj.+不可数名词/可数名词复数+that从句They are I can't put them down.这些书如此有趣,以至于我爱不释手。
②such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that 从句She told everyone laughed.她讲了一个如此有趣的故事,以至于大家都笑了。
名词前有 many、much、few、little(表示“少的”)时,要用 so.that.引导结果状语从句。There are so many people in the hall that we can't find a seat. 大厅里有如此多的人,以至于我们找不到座位。
知识点4:stick vt.&vi.粘贴,粘住;卡住
【详解】
stick v.过去式和过去分词—stuck
常见短语
tick to 坚持(做某事,不怕困难)
后接动词时,应用动词-ing形式
I forgot to a stamp on the envelope.我忘了在信封上贴邮票。
The glue is useless; the pieces just won't .这种胶没有用,这几片东西根本粘不住。
The key in the lock and I couldn't open the door. 钥匙卡在锁里了,我打不开门。
He makes a plan every week and it.他每周都制订计划并坚持执行。
He sticks to the piano for two hours every evening.他坚持每晚练习钢琴两个小时。
知识点5:organised adj.有条理的,有效率的;有组织的,系统的
【详解】
美式英语: organized
organised adj.有条理的,有效率的 ,用于形容人,可作表语和定语
organised adj.有组织的,系统的 ,仅可作定语
He is an person and always keeps his room tidy.他是个有条理的人,总是保持房间整洁。
The new teacher is very and serious.那位新来的老师很有条理,也很认真。
It was a highly event.这是一次组织得非常好的活动。
organise v.组织,筹备安排,处理,分配
organised的同根词
organisation n.组织,团体,机构条理,系统性
They even organized activities in schools to get their messages across to children.他们甚至在学校组织活动,向孩子们传达他们的信息。
You should try and your time better.你应该试着更好地安排你的时间。
Sarah joined a student .萨拉加入了一个学生组织。
Her writing lacks ; we cannot understand her ideas.她的写作缺乏条理,我们无法理解她的想法。
知识点6:pick up 拿起,提起;接人
【详解】
pick up 意为“拿起,提起;接人”,其宾语的位置有如下两种情况:
(1)代词放中间
(2)名词可放中间也可放后边
He only his phone after he finishes doing his homework.他只有在完成家庭作业后才会拿起手机。
She went over to the crying child and .她走到啼哭的孩子身边,把她抱了起来。
Their parents would take turns to the boys.他们的父母会轮流去接男孩。
I'll at the airport.我会去机场接你。
知识点7:辨析四个和“花费”相关的动词
【详解】
spend 可指花费时间或金钱,主语通常是人,常用结构为
“sb. spend(s)/ spent+时间+on sth./(in)doing sth.”和“sb. spend(s)/spent+金钱+on sth./(on) doing sth.”
cost多指花钱,主语通常是物,常用结构为“sth.cost(s)(+sb.)+金钱.”
pay指为某物付款,主语通常是人,常用结构为“sb. pay(s)/paid (+金钱)+for sth.”
take多指花费时间,常用结构为“It takes/took(+sb.)+时间+to do sth.”和“sth. takes/took+时间.”
I 1.5 hours on my homework yesterday.我昨天花了1.5个小时做家庭作业。
She also a lot of time doing voluntary work.她也花很多时间做志愿工作。
"I planned to spend mine new music," said Beth.贝丝说:“我打算把我的(钱)花在新的音乐上。”
The new computer me 5,000 yuan.这台新电脑花了我5,000元。
I paid 30 dollars this ticket.我花30美元买了这张票。
I paid my bills and then I spent the rest of my money on out and having fun.我付了账单,然后把剩下的钱花在出去玩上。
It me half an hour get to school.我到学校要花半小时。
The journey to the airport about half an hour.到机场大约需要半小时。
知识点8:painful adj.令人痛苦(或难过、难堪)的;令人疼痛的
【详解】
构词法pain(n.疼痛)+-ful(充满..的;有...性质的)→painful
painful作形容词,意为“令人痛苦(或难过、难堪)的;令人疼痛的”,在句中作表语或定语
其常用搭配有:
①be painful for sb.对某人来说是痛苦的;
②be painful to do sth.做某事是痛苦的。
I have a tooth.我有一颗牙齿很疼。
Knowing that was so for him.知道那一点对他来说太痛苦了。
It is painful watch her suffer like this.看着她这样受苦真让人痛心。
其他常见的名词加后缀-ful构成的形容词:
care 小心----careful 小心的
color 颜色----colorful 彩色的,颜色鲜艳的
harm 伤害----harmful 有害的
help 帮助----helpful有用的,有帮助的
peace和平;平静----peaceful 和平的;平静的
success 成功----successful成功的
use 使用;用途----useful有用的
知识点9:advice n.劝告,忠告,建议,意见
【详解】
advice 意为“劝告,忠告,建议,意见”,是不可数名词,没有复数形式。
Take my . Don't do it.听我的劝告,别做这件事。
They did medical tests and gave people .他们做了医学检查,并给人们提出了建议。、
名词advice(不可数名词)suggestion(可数名词)
动词advise,suggest
常见搭配a piece of advice 一条建议
advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
suggest doing sth.建议做某事
He gave me two good pieces of yesterday. He me to buy a new computer at once and throwing away the old one. I took the two .他昨天给了我两条好建议。他建议我立刻买一台新电脑,并把这台旧电脑扔掉。我采纳了这两条建议。
知识点10:provide v.提供;供应;给予
【详解】
provide 作动词,意为“提供;供应;给予”,其后可接名词或代词作宾语,
具体用法如下:短语
provide sth. to/for sb.=provide sb. with sth.给某人提供某物
In 2021, Boateng thought of a way to healthcare to people in faraway areas like his community.
2021年,博滕想出了一种为像他所在社区这样的偏远地区的人们提供医疗保健的方法。
We are here to provide the public a service.我们来这里是为公众服务。
offer 也有“提供”的意思,但更侧重于主动地、自愿地给予或提供某物或某种服务。
知识点11:complete v.完成,结束 adj.全部的,完整的,整个的
【详解】
(1)complete作及物动词,意为“完成,结束”,其后可接名词或代词作宾语。
Instead, she thinks of creative ways to it.相反,她想出创造性的方法来完成它。
He went to America to his education.他去美国完成他的学业。
(2)complete作形容词,意为“全部的,完整的,整个的”。
A Chinese New Year celebration would not be without fireworks.没有烟花,中国新年庆祝活动就不完整。
complete作形容词时,还可意为“完全的,彻底的”,用于强调,其副词形式为 completely,意为“完全地,彻底地”。
He's a complete stranger to me.他对我来说完全是个陌生人。
I completely forgot that it's his birthday today.我完全忘了今天是他的生日。
二、核心语法精讲
反身代词
构成:
单数:myself(我自己)、yourself(你自己)、himself(他自己)、herself(她自己)、itself(它自己)
复数:ourselves(我们自己)、yourselves(你们自己)、themselves(他们自己)
He hurt himself while playing football.(他踢足球时伤到了自己)
We should believe in ourselves.(我们应该相信自己)
用法:
1.作宾语:主语与宾语为同一人;
2. 作同位语:强调主语;3. 固定搭配
She taught herself to play the piano.(作宾语,她自学弹钢琴)
I myself saw the accident.(作同位语,我亲眼看到了事故)
enjoy oneself(玩得开心)
help oneself(自取)
常见搭配
help oneself to、enjoy oneself、hurt oneself、teach oneself、look after oneself
They enjoyed themselves at the party.(他们在派对上玩得很开心)
Verb + v-ing(1)
适用动词:
1.喜好类:like、love、enjoy、dislike、hate、prefer;
2. 动作类:start、begin、finish、stop、continue;
3. 其他类:avoid、mind、suggest、spend、risk
1. She enjoys helping people in need.(喜好类,她喜欢帮助有需要的人)
2. He finished writing the report yesterday.(动作类,他昨天写完了报告)
3. They risked losing their lives to save others.(其他类,他们冒着生命危险救人)
结构
动词 + v-ing(作宾语)
He suggests visiting the science museum.(他建议去参观科学博物馆)
易混点
区分“动词 + to do”与“动词 + v-ing”:部分动词后只能接v-ing(如enjoy、avoid),部分只能接to do(如want、decide)
正确:She avoids making mistakes.(√)
错误:She avoids to make mistakes.(×)
Used to
定义:
表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的状态,现在已不如此
He used to be a teacher, but now he is a doctor.(他过去是老师,现在是医生)
构成:
肯定式:主语 + used to + 动词原形
否定式:主语 + didnt use to + 动词原形(= used not to + 动词原形)
疑问式:Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形?
肯定:They used to go hiking every Sunday.(他们过去每个周日去徒步)
否定:She didnt use to like coffee.(她过去不喜欢咖啡)
疑问:Did you use to play basketball?(你过去常打篮球吗?)
与一般过去时的区别
used to 强调“过去习惯”,现在已改变;一般过去时仅描述过去发生的动作,不涉及现在
He used to smoke.(过去常抽烟,现在不抽了)
He smoked yesterday.(昨天抽了烟,不涉及现在习惯)
三、单元写作清单
1. 话题分析
本单元的主题是“榜样”,要求学生能用所学的词汇和句型介绍自己的榜样。与此相关的写作维度有:介绍你的榜样的基本情况、他/她最值得学习的品质、你打算如何向他/她学习等。
中考文段表达与此主题相关的命题形式有很多,如向报刊投稿、发帖、写信等。
2. 写作框架
假设你是李华,你收到了笔友Lucy的来信,请根据她的来信内容写一封不少于50词的回信。
Dear Li Hua,
Last week, our teacher asked us to find someone in our life who is worth studying from. I thought a lot and I wrote something about my mom. How about you? Do you have a role model?
Write to me soon!
Yours,
Lucy
提示词语:kind, hardworking, help others, study, inspire
内容提示:·Who is your role model?·Why is he/she your role model?
Dear Lucy,
I am glad to hear from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
3. 写作素材
必备词汇:
(1)despite尽管
(2)donate捐赠
(3)selflessness无私
(4)inspire激励
(5)warm-hearted热心的
(6)set a good example树立好榜样
(7)speak highly of sb. 高度赞扬某人
(8)make a real difference to...对……产生实质性影响
(9)Ms. Chen's dedication shows that even small actions can make a big difference.陈女士的奉献精神表明,即使微小的行动也能带来巨大的影响。
(10)He changed from a skinny kid with a dream into a confident young player, ready to take on whatever challenges life threw his way.他从一个怀揣梦想的瘦弱少年,蜕变为一名充满自信的年轻球员,随时准备迎接人生中任何挑战。
4. 范文背诵
Dear Lucy,
Yours,
Li Hua
一.单词拼写
1.We will ________ (到达) in Paris tomorrow.
2.When facing difficulties in learning, we should ________ (坚持) our dreams and never give up easily.
3.Reading more books can help us get useful ________ (知识) every day.
4.The sun ________ (照耀) through the clouds and everything looked wonderful when we got to the top of Mount Taishan.
5.Thank you for offering me some ________ (建议). I think it is very useful.
6.The app can ________ real-time updates on train schedules for passengers. (提供)
7.Can you ________ (捡起) the pen I dropped under the desk?
8.He works hard. He is the most ________(勤奋的) student in our class.
9.No one taught me German. I learned it by ________ (我自己).
10.At first, it was not ________ (可能的) for her to live easily in the forest on her own.
二.正确形式填空
1.It’s an excellent story that Hou Yi ________ (shoot) down nine suns. Many foreign children are interested in this story.
2.Here is some ________ (advice) for you to develop a good habit.
3.Reading gives us ________ (know) about the world and makes us smarter.
4.Let’s ask ________ (we) whether we have tried our best before giving up.
5.My best friend Betty is good at teaching ________ something. (her)
6.Moonlight ________ (shine) on the stones, so Hansel followed them to find his way home.
7.His ________ (devote) to his work moved everyone.
8.The old man is a wise ________ (lead) in our village.
9.He is one of the most famous ________ (hero) in China.
10.—Tom, it’s 9 a. m. now. Do you have enough time to finish your DIY job?
—Don’t worry! I _________ (complete) it before 10 a.m.
三.完成句子
1.我不知道如何让他们快乐起来。
I don’t know ____________________________________.
2.这些人在某种程度上改变了世界或改善了人们的生活。
These people, in one way or another, ________ the world or ________ people’s lives.
3.红军队员们一个接一个自愿站出来,冒着生命危险。
One by one the Red Army soldiers stepped ________ to offer ________ and risk their lives.
4.他非常活跃,每周锻炼四次。
He is very ________ and exercises ________ times a week.
5.雷锋是无私的,尽力帮助他人。
Lei Feng was ________ and tried his best to ________ others.
6.我的哥哥非常有条理,总是制定计划并坚持下去。
My brother is very ________ and always makes a plan and ________ to it.
7.他们在沸水上方,手膝并用,抓着铁链向前移动。
They got above the ________ river, moving forward on their hands and ________, holding the iron chains.
8.他是第一个进入太空的人,成为了俄罗斯的民族英雄。
He was the first man to ________ ________ space, and he became a national ________ in Russia.
9.人们总是记得他是“中国导弹和航天之父”。
People always ________ him as “the father of China’s ________ and space programme”.
10.他日以继夜地工作,他的辛勤付出得到了回报。
He worked ________ and ________, and his hard work ________ ________.
四.语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is with great sadness that we remember the passing of a great mind. Yang Zhenning is one of the 1 (great) physicists in the world. Born in 1922, he passed away in Beijing in 2025 at the age of 103, leaving behind a remarkable legacy.
From 2 young age, Yang had a strong love for science. He believed that nothing is 3 (possible) if you work hard enough. He studied hard and later went to the United States for 4 (far) education. There, he learned to get along 5 people from different countries, which helped him in his future work. In 1957, his hard work led to great 6 (successful) when he won the Nobel Prize in Physics with his partner Li Zhengdao.
As a 7 (science) born in China, Yang never forgot his motherland. He paid more attention to 8 (build) strong connections between Chinese and American physicists. He encouraged young Chinese students 9 (follow) their dreams in science and even raised money to support them in studying abroad. In 1999, Yang returned to teach at Tsinghua University, where he continued to inspire (鼓舞) the next generation.
We will always remember this great man 10 his great spirit will inspire all of us.
五.写作
假设你对杨振宁教授很感兴趣,并通过阅读百科全书了解了他的事迹。请你根据所给的提示以“A Great Scientist: Yang Zhenning”为题,向你的同学们介绍他的有关信息。
姓名:杨振宁(Yang Zhenning)
出生日期:1922年10月1日
逝世日期:2025年10月18日
事迹:中国物理学家;从小就展现出对数学和物理的浓厚兴趣;在清华大学完成学业后赴美深造。
主要成就:1957年获得诺贝尔物理学奖;一生致力于物理学研究,为科学做出了巨大贡献。
你的感想:……(如让我对科学更感兴趣,想学习他的坚持与热爱并以他为榜样。)
词汇:1. 物理学家physicist 2. 深造further study 3. 诺贝尔物理学奖Nobel Prize in Physics
4. 贡献contribution 5. 坚持与热爱perseverance and passion 6. 榜样role model
题目:A Great Scientist: Yang Zhenning
要求:词数80~100个(题目和开头已给出,不计入总词数)。
I read about Yang Zhenning in an encyclopedia recently. Now I’d like to share something about this great scientist with you.
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司1 / 10
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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Unit 4 Role Models
主
题
词
汇
1.role model /rəʊl ˈmɒdl/n榜样;楷模 .
搭配a good role model(好榜样)、learn from role models(向榜样学习)
例:Qian Xuesen is a great national role model.(钱学森是伟大的国家榜样)
2.soldier /ˈsəʊldʒə(r)/n.士兵;军人
搭配Red Army soldier(红军战士)、army soldier(军人)
例:Lei Feng was a selfless soldier of the Peoples Liberation Army.(雷锋是无私的人民解放军战士)
3.selfless /ˈselfləs/ adj.无私的
搭配selfless love(无私的爱)、selfless contribution(无私的奉献)
例:Her selfless spirit inspires everyone around her.(她的无私精神激励着身边每一个人)
4.voluntary /ˈvɒləntri/ adj.志愿的;自愿的
搭配voluntary work(志愿工作)、voluntary service(志愿服务)
例:She spends weekends doing voluntary work at the community.(她周末在社区做志愿工作)
5.admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/ v.钦佩;仰慕
搭配admire sb. for sth.(因某事钦佩某人)
例:We admire Marie Curie for her dedication to science.(我们钦佩居里夫人对科学的执着)
6.devote /dɪˈvəʊt/ v.致力于;奉献
搭配devote oneself to(致力于)、devote time to(把时间用于)
例:He devoted his life to helping poor people get healthcare.(他毕生致力于帮助穷人获得医疗服务)
7.courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n.勇气;胆量
搭配have the courage to do(有勇气做某事)、show courage(展现勇气)
例:The Red Army soldiers showed great courage in the Battle of Luding Bridge.(红军战士在泸定桥战役中展现了巨大的勇气)
8.contribution /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n.贡献;捐献
搭配make a contribution to(为……做贡献)
例:Qian Xuesen made great contributions to Chinas space programme.(钱学森为中国航天事业做出了巨大贡献)
9.reflexive /rɪˈfleksɪv/ adj.反身的
搭配reflexive pronoun(反身代词)
例:"Myself" and "ourselves" are reflexive pronouns.(“myself”和“ourselves”是反身代词)
10.survive /səˈvaɪv/ v.幸存;活下来
搭配survive a disaster(在灾难中幸存)
例:Many people survived the flood with the help of rescuers.(在救援人员的帮助下,许多人在洪水中幸存)
短
语
1.look up to尊敬;敬仰
Young people look up to those who work hard for others.(年轻人敬仰那些为他人努力的人)
2.set an example树立榜样
Lang Ping set a good example for young athletes.(郎平为年轻运动员树立了好榜样)
3.devote oneself to 致力于;全身心投入
Osei Boateng devoted himself to providing healthcare for faraway communities.(奥塞·博阿滕致力于为偏远社区提供医疗服务)
4.used to do sth.过去常常做某事
She used to volunteer at the hospital on weekends.(她过去常常周末在医院做志愿工作)
5.spend time doing sth.花费时间做某事
He spends a lot of time helping children with their studies.(他花很多时间帮助孩子们学习)
6.give up 放弃;认输
Never give up even when you face difficulties.(即使面临困难,也永不放弃)
7.make a difference 有影响;起作用
Everyone can make a difference to the world.(每个人都能为世界带来改变)
8.one by one逐个地;逐一地
The Red Army soldiers stepped forward one by one to volunteer.(红军战士逐个站出来报名志愿)
9.risk ones life 冒着生命危险
He risked his life to save the child from the fire.(他冒着生命危险从火中救出了孩子)
10.take part in 参加;参与
She takes part in various voluntary activities every month.(她每个月参加各种志愿活动)
11.in one way or another 不管怎样;以某种方式
All role models change the world in one way or another.(所有榜样都以某种方式改变着世界)
实
用
交
际
套
句
型
1.介绍榜样:My role model is + 人物 + who/that + 从句. 我的榜样是……的人。
My role model is Yuan Longping who devoted his life to hybrid rice.(我的榜样是毕生致力于杂交水稻的袁隆平)
2.描述榜样品质:Sb. is + 品质形容词 + because + 从句. 某人是……的,因为……
Marie Curie is brave because she risked her life for scientific research.(居里夫人很勇敢,因为她为科学研究冒着生命危险)
3.表达过去习惯:Sb. used to + 动词原形 + 其他. 某人过去常常……
Lei Feng used to help people in need whenever he could.(雷锋过去常常随时帮助有需要的人)
4.表达现在持续的行为:Sb. keeps + v-ing + 其他. 某人一直坚持做……
She keeps doing voluntary work to help the elderly.(她一直坚持做志愿工作帮助老人)
5.强调自我行为:Sb. + 动词 + oneself + 其他. 某人亲自做……
He taught himself English when he was a child.(他小时候自学英语)
6.询问榜样相关:What makes sb. a role model? 是什么让某人成为榜样?
A: What makes Qian Xuesen a national hero? B: His devotion to Chinas development.(A:是什么让钱学森成为民族英雄?B:他对中国发展的奉献)
7.表达从榜样学到的:I learn from sb. that + 从句. 我从某人身上学到……
I learn from my teacher that hard work pays off.(我从老师身上学到努力就有回报)
语法
1.反身代词
2.Verb + v-ing(1)
3.Used to
写作
榜样
一、知识点精讲
知识点1:admire v.钦佩,赞赏,仰慕;欣赏
【详解】
admire sb./sth.
admire sb./sth. for sth.
admire sb. for doing sth.
Yuan Longping is one of our national heroes. We admire him very much.袁隆平是我们的国家英雄之一。我们非常钦佩他。
We all admire her for her knowledge.我们都因她的学识而钦佩她。
She admires her classmate for always being kind to others.她因她的同学总是对他人友善而钦佩他/她。
In the afternoon, I should take a walk in the woods and admire the beauties of nature.下午,我应该在树林里散步,欣赏大自然的迷人之处。
admire 的派生词
admirable adj.令人钦佩的,值得赞美的
admiring adj.钦佩的,赞美的
admiration n.钦佩,赞赏,羡慕
He is a much admirable writer.他是一位值得尊敬的作家。
The teacher gave her an admiring look.老师向她投去赞赏的目光。
He never lost the admiration of his students.他从未失去学生对他的赞赏。
知识点2:offer vt.主动提出,自愿给予;提供(东西或机会),供应
【详解】
(1)offer作及物动词,可意为“主动提出,自愿给予”,其后可直接跟宾语,其常见搭配有:
offer to do sth.主动提出做某事
offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.向某人提供某物
One by one the Red Army soldiers stepped forward to offer themselves and risk their lives.红军战士一个接一个地站出来报名,不惜牺牲性命。
Many people offer to help me.许多人主动提出要帮助我。
They decided to offer the job to Jo.=They decided to offer Jo the job.他们决定把这份工作给乔。
(2)offer作及物动词,还可意为“提供(东西或机会),供应”。
This job offers a great opportunity for my career development.这份工作为我的职业发展提供了很好的机会。
Your doctor should be able to offer advice on diet.你的医生应该能够在饮食方面提供建议。
offer还可以作名词,表示以下含义:主动提议,建议;出价,报价;(通常为短期的)减价,削价,特价。I had to turn down a job offer from a publisher because the pay was too low. 我不得不拒绝一家出版商给我的工作机会,因为报酬太低了。
The museum received an offer for the painting of$19 million.博物馆收到了这幅画的1,900万美元的报价。The supermarket's special offer attracted many customers.这家超市的特价优惠吸引了很多顾客。
知识点3:so.that..引导结果状语从句
【详解】
原文分析P71
They fought so hard and bravely that the enemies couldn't believe their eyes.
主句主语 主句谓语 从句主语 从句谓语 从句宾语
他们战斗得如此激烈且英勇,以至于敌人不敢相信他们的眼睛。
本句是一个含有结果状语从句的主从复合句,描述了主句主语做某事的结果。
(1) so..that..引导结果状语从句,so修饰形容词或副词,具体结构如下:
①so+adj./adv.+that 从句He is so clever that he can solve the problem easily.他如此聪明以至于他能轻易地解决这个问题。
He liked her acting so much that he offered her the lead role in his new play.他非常喜欢她的表演,以至于他主动提出让她在他的新戏中担任主角。
②so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句
It is so beautiful a day that we want to go out for a walk.天气如此好,以至于我们想出去散步。
(2)so.that.可以和 such.that.进行转换,但二者的用法有所区别。such.that.中的such修饰名词,具体结构如下:
①such+adj.+不可数名词/可数名词复数+that从句They are such interesting books that I can't put them down.这些书如此有趣,以至于我爱不释手。
②such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that 从句She told such a funny story that everyone laughed.她讲了一个如此有趣的故事,以至于大家都笑了。
名词前有 many、much、few、little(表示“少的”)时,要用 so.that.引导结果状语从句。There are so many people in the hall that we can't find a seat. 大厅里有如此多的人,以至于我们找不到座位。
知识点4:stick vt.&vi.粘贴,粘住;卡住
【详解】
stick v.过去式和过去分词—stuck
常见短语
tick to 坚持(做某事,不怕困难)
后接动词时,应用动词-ing形式
I forgot to stick a stamp on the envelope.我忘了在信封上贴邮票。
The glue is useless; the pieces just won't stick.这种胶没有用,这几片东西根本粘不住。
The key stuck in the lock and I couldn't open the door. 钥匙卡在锁里了,我打不开门。
He makes a plan every week and sticks to it.他每周都制订计划并坚持执行。
He sticks to practicing the piano for two hours every evening.他坚持每晚练习钢琴两个小时。
知识点5:organised adj.有条理的,有效率的;有组织的,系统的
【详解】
美式英语: organized
organised adj.有条理的,有效率的 ,用于形容人,可作表语和定语
organised adj.有组织的,系统的 ,仅可作定语
He is an organised person and always keeps his room tidy.他是个有条理的人,总是保持房间整洁。
The new teacher is very organised and serious.那位新来的老师很有条理,也很认真。
It was a highly organised event.这是一次组织得非常好的活动。
organise v.组织,筹备安排,处理,分配
organised的同根词
organisation n.组织,团体,机构条理,系统性
They even organized activities in schools to get their messages across to children.他们甚至在学校组织活动,向孩子们传达他们的信息。
You should try and organise your time better.你应该试着更好地安排你的时间。
Sarah joined a student organisation.萨拉加入了一个学生组织。
Her writing lacks organization; we cannot understand her ideas.她的写作缺乏条理,我们无法理解她的想法。
知识点6:pick up 拿起,提起;接人
【详解】
pick up 意为“拿起,提起;接人”,其宾语的位置有如下两种情况:
(1)代词放中间
(2)名词可放中间也可放后边
He only picks up his phone after he finishes doing his homework.他只有在完成家庭作业后才会拿起手机。
She went over to the crying child and picked her up.她走到啼哭的孩子身边,把她抱了起来。
Their parents would take turns to pick up the boys.他们的父母会轮流去接男孩。
I'll pick you up at the airport.我会去机场接你。
知识点7:辨析四个和“花费”相关的动词
【详解】
spend 可指花费时间或金钱,主语通常是人,常用结构为
“sb. spend(s)/ spent+时间+on sth./(in)doing sth.”和“sb. spend(s)/spent+金钱+on sth./(on) doing sth.”
cost多指花钱,主语通常是物,常用结构为“sth.cost(s)(+sb.)+金钱.”
pay指为某物付款,主语通常是人,常用结构为“sb. pay(s)/paid (+金钱)+for sth.”
take多指花费时间,常用结构为“It takes/took(+sb.)+时间+to do sth.”和“sth. takes/took+时间.”
I spent 1.5 hours on my homework yesterday.我昨天花了1.5个小时做家庭作业。
She also spends a lot of time doing voluntary work.她也花很多时间做志愿工作。
"I planned to spend mine on new music," said Beth.贝丝说:“我打算把我的(钱)花在新的音乐上。”
The new computer cost me 5,000 yuan.这台新电脑花了我5,000元。
I paid 30 dollars for this ticket.我花30美元买了这张票。
I paid my bills and then I spent the rest of my money on going out and having fun.我付了账单,然后把剩下的钱花在出去玩上。
It takes me half an hour to get to school.我到学校要花半小时。
The journey to the airport takes about half an hour.到机场大约需要半小时。
知识点8:painful adj.令人痛苦(或难过、难堪)的;令人疼痛的
【详解】
构词法pain(n.疼痛)+-ful(充满..的;有...性质的)→painful
painful作形容词,意为“令人痛苦(或难过、难堪)的;令人疼痛的”,在句中作表语或定语
其常用搭配有:
①be painful for sb.对某人来说是痛苦的;
②be painful to do sth.做某事是痛苦的。
I have a painful tooth.我有一颗牙齿很疼。
Knowing that was so painful for him.知道那一点对他来说太痛苦了。
It is painful to watch her suffer like this.看着她这样受苦真让人痛心。
其他常见的名词加后缀-ful构成的形容词:
care 小心----careful 小心的
color 颜色----colorful 彩色的,颜色鲜艳的
harm 伤害----harmful 有害的
help 帮助----helpful有用的,有帮助的
peace和平;平静----peaceful 和平的;平静的
success 成功----successful成功的
use 使用;用途----useful有用的
知识点9:advice n.劝告,忠告,建议,意见
【详解】
advice 意为“劝告,忠告,建议,意见”,是不可数名词,没有复数形式。
Take my advice. Don't do it.听我的劝告,别做这件事。
They did medical tests and gave people advice.他们做了医学检查,并给人们提出了建议。、
名词advice(不可数名词)suggestion(可数名词)
动词advise,suggest
常见搭配a piece of advice 一条建议
advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
suggest doing sth.建议做某事
He gave me two good pieces of advice yesterday. He advised me to buy a new computer at once and suggested throwing away the old one. I took the two suggestions.他昨天给了我两条好建议。他建议我立刻买一台新电脑,并把这台旧电脑扔掉。我采纳了这两条建议。
知识点10:provide v.提供;供应;给予
【详解】
provide 作动词,意为“提供;供应;给予”,其后可接名词或代词作宾语,
具体用法如下:短语
provide sth. to/for sb.=provide sb. with sth.给某人提供某物
In 2021, Boateng thought of a way to provide healthcare to people in faraway areas like his community.
2021年,博滕想出了一种为像他所在社区这样的偏远地区的人们提供医疗保健的方法。
We are here to provide the public with a service.我们来这里是为公众服务。
offer 也有“提供”的意思,但更侧重于主动地、自愿地给予或提供某物或某种服务。
知识点11:complete v.完成,结束 adj.全部的,完整的,整个的
【详解】
(1)complete作及物动词,意为“完成,结束”,其后可接名词或代词作宾语。
Instead, she thinks of creative ways to complete it.相反,她想出创造性的方法来完成它。
He went to America to complete his education.他去美国完成他的学业。
(2)complete作形容词,意为“全部的,完整的,整个的”。
A Chinese New Year celebration would not be complete without fireworks.没有烟花,中国新年庆祝活动就不完整。
complete作形容词时,还可意为“完全的,彻底的”,用于强调,其副词形式为 completely,意为“完全地,彻底地”。
He's a complete stranger to me.他对我来说完全是个陌生人。
I completely forgot that it's his birthday today.我完全忘了今天是他的生日。
二、核心语法精讲
反身代词
构成:
单数:myself(我自己)、yourself(你自己)、himself(他自己)、herself(她自己)、itself(它自己)
复数:ourselves(我们自己)、yourselves(你们自己)、themselves(他们自己)
He hurt himself while playing football.(他踢足球时伤到了自己)
We should believe in ourselves.(我们应该相信自己)
用法:
1.作宾语:主语与宾语为同一人;
2. 作同位语:强调主语;3. 固定搭配
She taught herself to play the piano.(作宾语,她自学弹钢琴)
I myself saw the accident.(作同位语,我亲眼看到了事故)
enjoy oneself(玩得开心)
help oneself(自取)
常见搭配
help oneself to、enjoy oneself、hurt oneself、teach oneself、look after oneself
They enjoyed themselves at the party.(他们在派对上玩得很开心)
Verb + v-ing(1)
适用动词:
1.喜好类:like、love、enjoy、dislike、hate、prefer;
2. 动作类:start、begin、finish、stop、continue;
3. 其他类:avoid、mind、suggest、spend、risk
1. She enjoys helping people in need.(喜好类,她喜欢帮助有需要的人)
2. He finished writing the report yesterday.(动作类,他昨天写完了报告)
3. They risked losing their lives to save others.(其他类,他们冒着生命危险救人)
结构
动词 + v-ing(作宾语)
He suggests visiting the science museum.(他建议去参观科学博物馆)
易混点
区分“动词 + to do”与“动词 + v-ing”:部分动词后只能接v-ing(如enjoy、avoid),部分只能接to do(如want、decide)
正确:She avoids making mistakes.(√)
错误:She avoids to make mistakes.(×)
Used to
定义:
表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的状态,现在已不如此
He used to be a teacher, but now he is a doctor.(他过去是老师,现在是医生)
构成:
肯定式:主语 + used to + 动词原形
否定式:主语 + didnt use to + 动词原形(= used not to + 动词原形)
疑问式:Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形?
肯定:They used to go hiking every Sunday.(他们过去每个周日去徒步)
否定:She didnt use to like coffee.(她过去不喜欢咖啡)
疑问:Did you use to play basketball?(你过去常打篮球吗?)
与一般过去时的区别
used to 强调“过去习惯”,现在已改变;一般过去时仅描述过去发生的动作,不涉及现在
He used to smoke.(过去常抽烟,现在不抽了)
He smoked yesterday.(昨天抽了烟,不涉及现在习惯)
三、单元写作清单
1. 话题分析
本单元的主题是“榜样”,要求学生能用所学的词汇和句型介绍自己的榜样。与此相关的写作维度有:介绍你的榜样的基本情况、他/她最值得学习的品质、你打算如何向他/她学习等。
中考文段表达与此主题相关的命题形式有很多,如向报刊投稿、发帖、写信等。
2. 写作框架
假设你是李华,你收到了笔友Lucy的来信,请根据她的来信内容写一封不少于50词的回信。
Dear Li Hua,
Last week, our teacher asked us to find someone in our life who is worth studying from. I thought a lot and I wrote something about my mom. How about you? Do you have a role model?
Write to me soon!
Yours,
Lucy
提示词语:kind, hardworking, help others, study, inspire
内容提示:·Who is your role model?·Why is he/she your role model?
Dear Lucy,
I am glad to hear from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
3. 写作素材
必备词汇:
(1)despite尽管
(2)donate捐赠
(3)selflessness无私
(4)inspire激励
(5)warm-hearted热心的
(6)set a good example树立好榜样
(7)speak highly of sb. 高度赞扬某人
(8)make a real difference to...对……产生实质性影响
(9)Ms. Chen's dedication shows that even small actions can make a big difference.陈女士的奉献精神表明,即使微小的行动也能带来巨大的影响。
(10)He changed from a skinny kid with a dream into a confident young player, ready to take on whatever challenges life threw his way.他从一个怀揣梦想的瘦弱少年,蜕变为一名充满自信的年轻球员,随时准备迎接人生中任何挑战。
4. 范文背诵
Dear Lucy,
I am glad to hear from you. You asked about my role model. My role model is my aunt, a doctor who works in a rural hospital.
Despite her busy schedule, she always treats patients with patience and kindness. Last winter, she even donated her own money to buy medicines for poor families. Her selflessness has inspired me greatly.
Now, I volunteer at an animal shelter every month and study harder to help others like she does. I believe that if we all learn from someone around us, the world will be a better place!
Yours,
Li Hua
一.单词拼写
1.We will ________ (到达) in Paris tomorrow.
【答案】arrive
【详解】句意:我们明天将到达巴黎。句中will后接动词原形构成一般将来时;根据中文提示“到达”及空后的介词in,可知arrive in加大地点为固定搭配。
2.When facing difficulties in learning, we should ________ (坚持) our dreams and never give up easily.
【答案】stick to
【详解】句意:在学习中遇到困难时,我们应当坚守梦想,绝不轻易放弃。情态动词should后接动词原形,动词短语“stick to”表示“坚持”。
3.Reading more books can help us get useful ________ (知识) every day.
【答案】knowledge
【详解】句意:多读书可以帮助我们每天获取有用的知识。根据括号内的中文提示“知识”,对应knowledge。knowledge属于不可数名词,没有复数形式(不能加-s)。句中形容词“useful”修饰名词,故填原形knowledge。
4.The sun ________ (照耀) through the clouds and everything looked wonderful when we got to the top of Mount Taishan.
【答案】shone
【详解】句意:当我们登上泰山山顶时,阳光穿透云层洒落,眼前一切看起来都美极了。句中looked、got均为过去式,提示整个场景发生在过去,用一般过去时,前后分句时态要保持一致;“照耀”对应的动词为shine,应填其过去式为shone。
5.Thank you for offering me some ________ (建议). I think it is very useful.
【答案】advice
【详解】句意:谢谢你给我提了一些建议,我觉得它非常有用。some后接可数名词复数,或不可数名词。suggestion和advice都表示“建议”,suggestion是可数名词,advice是不可数名词,根据空后“it”可知,此处填不可数名词advice。
6.The app can ________ real-time updates on train schedules for passengers. (提供)
【答案】provide
【详解】句意:这款应用可以为乘客提供列车时刻表的实时更新。括号内提示“提供”,对应的单词是provide;情态动词can后接动词原形,因此填provide。
7.Can you ________ (捡起) the pen I dropped under the desk?
【答案】pick up
【详解】句意:你能帮我捡起我掉在桌子底下的钢笔吗?根据汉语提示“捡起”可知,pick up意为“捡起”,且情态动词can后接动词原形,故填pick up。
8.He works hard. He is the most ________(勤奋的) student in our class.
【答案】hard-working
【详解】句意:他学习很努力,是我们班上最勤奋的学生。“勤奋的”对应的英文单词是hard-working;句中“in our class”表示范围,需用形容词的最高级形式,hard-working的最高级为the most hard-working。
9.No one taught me German. I learned it by ________ (我自己).
【答案】myself
【详解】句意:没有人教过我德语。我是自学的。myself“我自己”,反身代词。
10.At first, it was not ________ (可能的) for her to live easily in the forest on her own.
【答案】possible
【详解】句意:起初,她不可能独自在森林里轻松生活。根据汉语提示可知,空处应填possible“可能的”,形容词作表语。故填possible。
二.正确形式填空
1.It’s an excellent story that Hou Yi ________ (shoot) down nine suns. Many foreign children are interested in this story.
【答案】shot
【详解】句意:后羿射下九个太阳是一个精彩的故事,很多外国孩子对这个故事感兴趣。后羿射日是发生在过去的神话故事,要用一般过去时;shoot的过去式为shot。
2.Here is some ________ (advice) for you to develop a good habit.
【答案】advice
【详解】句意:这里有一些关于养成好习惯的建议给你。“advice”意为“建议”,是不可数名词,没有复数形式。some可以修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,此处直接填原形advice。
3.Reading gives us ________ (know) about the world and makes us smarter.
【答案】knowledge
【详解】句意:阅读给予我们关于世界的知识,让我们更加聪慧。 know“知道,了解”,动词, give sb. sth.给某人某物,动词give后面需要接名词作宾语。 know对应的名词knowledge(知识),为不可数名词。故填knowledge。
4.Let’s ask ________ (we) whether we have tried our best before giving up.
【答案】ourselves
【详解】句意:在放弃之前,我们问问自己是否已经尽了最大努力。这里需要填反身代词,动作ask的执行者和承受者都是we对应的人称,所以要用反身代词ourselves(我们自己)。
5.My best friend Betty is good at teaching ________ something. (her)
【答案】herself
【详解】句意:我最好的朋友贝蒂擅长教她自己一些东西。句中“teaching”后接反身代词作间接宾语,表示动作回到主语本身,且主语为“Betty”,her的反身代词为herself。
6.Moonlight ________ (shine) on the stones, so Hansel followed them to find his way home.
【答案】shone
【详解】句意:月光照在石子上,Hansel顺着石子找到了回家的路。此处作谓语,shine意为“照耀”;结合后句中“followed”可知,此处描述过去发生的事,用一般过去时,shine的过去式为shone。
7.His ________ (devote) to his work moved everyone.
【答案】devotion
【详解】句意:他对工作的奉献感动了所有人。空格前是形容词性物主代词His,后面需要接一个名词作主语,所以要把动词devote改为名词形式devotion。
8.The old man is a wise ________ (lead) in our village.
【答案】leader
【详解】句意:这位老人是我们村里一位睿智的领导者。空格前有不定冠词a和形容词wise,说明此处需要填一个单数可数名词作表语。所给词lead是动词,其表示“领导者”的名词形式为leader。
9.He is one of the most famous ________ (hero) in China.
【答案】heroes
【详解】句意:他是中国最著名的英雄之一。结构“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”表示“……之中的一个”,后面必须接复数名词,hero复数形式是heroes。
10.—Tom, it’s 9 a. m. now. Do you have enough time to finish your DIY job?
—Don’t worry! I _________ (complete) it before 10 a.m.
【答案】will complete
【详解】句意:——汤姆,现在是上午9点,你有足够的时间完成你的手工活吗?——别担心!我会在上午10点前完成它。根据语境,动作发生在将来的时间点,要用一般将来时,结构为will complete。
三.完成句子
1.我不知道如何让他们快乐起来。
I don’t know ____________________________________.
【答案】how to make them happy/how to cheer them up
【详解】原句中“如何让他们快乐起来”是关键词,本题考查“疑问词+动词不定式”结构(wh-word+to do)作宾语的用法。如何”对应疑问词how。“让他们快乐起来”对应不定式短语to make them happy或固定短语to cheer them up。应填how to make them happy/how to cheer them up。
2.这些人在某种程度上改变了世界或改善了人们的生活。
These people, in one way or another, ________ the world or ________ people’s lives.
【答案】 changed improved
【详解】原句中“改变”和“改善”是关键词,句子描述过去发生的动作,使用一般过去时,“改变”的英文是change,其过去式为changed;“改善”的英文是improve,其过去式为improved。
3.红军队员们一个接一个自愿站出来,冒着生命危险。
One by one the Red Army soldiers stepped ________ to offer ________ and risk their lives.
【答案】 forward themselves
【详解】原句中“站出来”和“自愿”是关键词,表示“站出来”的英文短语是step forward,故第一空应填forward。“自愿”可用英文短语offer oneself(主动献身、自愿承担)来表达。主语是the Red Army soldiers是复数,因此第二空填反身代词themselves,符合语法。
4.他非常活跃,每周锻炼四次。
He is very ________ and exercises ________ times a week.
【答案】 active four
【详解】原句中“活跃”和“四”是关键词,第一空,表示“活跃”的英文单词是active,它在句中位于be动词is之后,作表语,符合语法结构。第二空,表示“四”的英文基数词为four,此处用来修饰times表示频率,即“每周四次”,符合语法。
5.雷锋是无私的,尽力帮助他人。
Lei Feng was ________ and tried his best to ________ others.
【答案】 selfless help
【详解】原句中“无私的”对应形容词selfless,放在be动词was后作表语;固定搭配try one’s best to do sth.,to后接动词原形,“帮助”用help,故填selfless;help。
6.我的哥哥非常有条理,总是制定计划并坚持下去。
My brother is very ________ and always makes a plan and ________ to it.
【答案】 organised sticks
【详解】原句中“有条理”和“坚持”是关键词,第一空需要形容词作表语,表示“有条理”的英文单词是organised,符合语法。第二空表示“坚持”的固定短语是stick to,主语“My brother”是第三人称单数,且该空与前面的“makes”由and连接,时态一致,故动词需用第三人称单数形式sticks。
7.他们在沸水上方,手膝并用,抓着铁链向前移动。
They got above the ________ river, moving forward on their hands and ________, holding the iron chains.
【答案】 boiling knees
【详解】原句中“沸”,“膝”是关键词,中文“沸腾的”对应的英文是boiling。第一空空处用来修饰名词river,应用boiling作定语,意为“沸腾的河流”。中文“手膝并用”对应的英文固定短语是on one’s hands and knees。句中hands是复数形式,因此knee也需用复数形式knees。故填boiling;knees。
8.他是第一个进入太空的人,成为了俄罗斯的民族英雄。
He was the first man to ________ ________ space, and he became a national ________ in Russia.
【答案】 go into hero
【详解】原句的关键词是“进入”和“英雄”。“进入太空”用动词短语“go into space”,位于不定式to后,需使用动词原形,构成不定式短语,作后置定语,修饰前面的名词man;“民族英雄”译为“national hero”,可数名词,根据句中不定冠词a可知用单数形式。
9.人们总是记得他是“中国导弹和航天之父”。
People always ________ him as “the father of China’s ________ and space programme”.
【答案】 remember missile
【详解】原句中“记得……是”和“导弹”是关键词,固定搭配“remember sb. as… ”表示“记得某人是……”;主语people为复数,时态为一般现在时,谓语动词用原形remember;“导弹”对应单词missile,与后文“space programme”并列,故填remember;missile。
10.他日以继夜地工作,他的辛勤付出得到了回报。
He worked ________ and ________, and his hard work ________ ________.
【答案】 day night paid off
【详解】中文“日以继夜”的英文表达是day and night,对应前两空。“得到回报/取得成功”常用的动词短语是pay off,对应后两空。根据前半句的谓语动词 worked 可知,句子描述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时,因此pay需变为过去式paid。故依次填写day,night,paid,off。
四.语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is with great sadness that we remember the passing of a great mind. Yang Zhenning is one of the 1 (great) physicists in the world. Born in 1922, he passed away in Beijing in 2025 at the age of 103, leaving behind a remarkable legacy.
From 2 young age, Yang had a strong love for science. He believed that nothing is 3 (possible) if you work hard enough. He studied hard and later went to the United States for 4 (far) education. There, he learned to get along 5 people from different countries, which helped him in his future work. In 1957, his hard work led to great 6 (successful) when he won the Nobel Prize in Physics with his partner Li Zhengdao.
As a 7 (science) born in China, Yang never forgot his motherland. He paid more attention to 8 (build) strong connections between Chinese and American physicists. He encouraged young Chinese students 9 (follow) their dreams in science and even raised money to support them in studying abroad. In 1999, Yang returned to teach at Tsinghua University, where he continued to inspire (鼓舞) the next generation.
We will always remember this great man 10 his great spirit will inspire all of us.
【答案】1.greatest 2.a 3.impossible 4.further 5.with 6.success 7.scientist 8.building 9.to follow 10.and
【导语】本文介绍了物理学家杨振宁先生的生平事迹,讲述他年少热爱科学、赴美深造、斩获诺贝尔奖,始终心系祖国、助力中美学术交流,他的精神一直鼓舞着后辈。
【详解】1.句意:杨振宁是世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。固定结构one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数,great的最高级为greatest。
2.句意:从小时候起,杨振宁就对科学抱有浓厚的热爱。固定搭配from a young age,表示“从小”,填不定冠词a。
3.句意:他相信只要足够努力,没有什么是不可能的。结合句意,possible变为反义词impossible“不可能的”。
4.句意:他刻苦学习,之后前往美国深造。固定搭配further education,表示“深造、进修”,far的比较级further。
5.句意:在那里,他学会了与来自不同国家的人和睦相处。固定搭配get along with sb.,表示“与某人相处融洽”,填介词with。
6.句意:1957年,他的辛勤付出收获巨大成功,他和搭档李政道共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖。形容词great后接名词,successful的名词形式success。
7.句意:作为一名出生在中国的科学家,杨振宁从未忘记自己的祖国。science对应的职业名词scientist,意为“科学家”。
8.句意:他更加重视搭建中美物理学家之间牢固的联系。固定搭配pay attention to doing sth.,to为介词,后面接动名词building。
9.句意:他鼓励中国青年学子追逐自己的科学梦想。固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.,填不定式to follow。
10.句意:我们会永远铭记这位伟人,他伟大的精神也将激励我们所有人。前后两个分句为并列关系,用连词and。
五.写作
假设你对杨振宁教授很感兴趣,并通过阅读百科全书了解了他的事迹。请你根据所给的提示以“A Great Scientist: Yang Zhenning”为题,向你的同学们介绍他的有关信息。
姓名:杨振宁(Yang Zhenning)
出生日期:1922年10月1日
逝世日期:2025年10月18日
事迹:中国物理学家;从小就展现出对数学和物理的浓厚兴趣;在清华大学完成学业后赴美深造。
主要成就:1957年获得诺贝尔物理学奖;一生致力于物理学研究,为科学做出了巨大贡献。
你的感想:……(如让我对科学更感兴趣,想学习他的坚持与热爱并以他为榜样。)
词汇:1. 物理学家physicist 2. 深造further study 3. 诺贝尔物理学奖Nobel Prize in Physics
4. 贡献contribution 5. 坚持与热爱perseverance and passion 6. 榜样role model
题目:A Great Scientist: Yang Zhenning
要求:词数80~100个(题目和开头已给出,不计入总词数)。
I read about Yang Zhenning in an encyclopedia recently. Now I’d like to share something about this great scientist with you.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文
A Great Scientist: Yang Zhenning
I read about Yang Zhenning in an encyclopedia recently. Now I’d like to share something about this great scientist with you.
Yang Zhenning was a Chinese physicist. He was born on October 1st, 1922 and passed away on October 18th, 2025. From a young age, he showed a strong interest in mathematics and physics. After graduating from Tsinghua University, he went to the US for further study. In 1957, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics. He devoted his whole life to physics research and made great contributions to science.
Yang Zhenning’s perseverance and passion inspire me a lot. He makes me more interested in science, and I want to take him as my role model to pursue knowledge bravely.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇说明文,为材料作文;
②时态:以“一般过去时”为主,介绍人物生平事迹,部分表达感受的内容用一般现在时;
③提示:向同学们介绍物理学家杨振宁的生平、成就及个人感想。
[写作步骤]
第一步,开篇说明阅读渠道,引出介绍对象;
第二步,中间依次介绍杨振宁的身份、生卒时间、学习经历、主要成就(诺贝尔物理学奖、科学贡献);
第三步,结尾表达杨振宁对自己的影响,包括激发科学兴趣、视其为榜样。
[亮点词汇]
①physicist物理学家
②further study深造
③Nobel Prize in Physics诺贝尔物理学奖
④contribution贡献
[高分句型]
He devoted his whole life to physics research and made great contributions to science.(运用“devote...to...”固定搭配,清晰体现其对科学的奉献。)
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