Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy（复习讲义）英语译林版必修第二册

该高中英语复习讲义通过表格和知识框架系统构建“运动与健康”单元体系，涵盖主题语境、词汇短语、语法及应用文写作，用对比表格梳理易混词汇（如congratulate/celebrate），以语法结构框架呈现被动语态重难点，清晰展现知识内在联系。 讲义亮点在于情境化分层练习设计，如微写作“鼓励朋友锻炼的邮件”培养语言表达能力，单句语法填空结合中华传统体育文化提升文化意识，通过句型转换训练思维品质。提供答题模板和易错点提醒，基础生掌握方法，优秀生深入探究，助力教师精准教学与学生自主复习。

译林版必修第二册 Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy (复习讲义) 复习要点 1.主题语境：人与社会，话题是“运动与健康”，语篇类型有：指南、电子邮件、杂志文章、调查报告等跨文化场景展开。 2.词汇短语：理解体育锻炼的基本知识，树立科学的体育锻炼观念，养成正确的锻炼习惯；引导学生探究体育项目背后的中华传统文化，正确理解运动与学习、生活之间的关系相关核心单词及变形、固定搭配。 3.语法：掌握“现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态”。 4.应用文写作：掌握鼓励朋友锻炼的邮件常用的首段、中段及尾端句型与完整写作框架。 复习重难点 重点：重点单词词性变形、语言文化类固定搭配、单元核心句型的识别与运用。 难点：如何写鼓励朋友锻炼的邮件及其如何锻炼身体的建议信的灵活应用。 单元词汇 知识点 1. congratulation n. 祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺 情景导学 (教材原句)Congratulations! You have just taken your first step towards a new and improved you! 祝贺你!你已经向新的、更好的自己跨出了第一步! When friends offered their congratulations to him, he said with a smile, “I’m a lucky dog.” 当朋友们向他表示祝贺时，他微笑着说：“我是一个幸运儿。” 用法归纳 send/offer congratulations to sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事 a letter of congratulation 祝贺信 注意：表示“祝贺，恭喜”时，congratulation常用复数形式。 词汇拓展 congratulate sb.on/upon (doing) sth. 祝贺某人(做了)某事 congratulate oneself on sth. 因某事而暗自庆幸 易混辨析congratulate/celebrate congratulate “祝贺；道贺”，只能用人作宾语，若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面要用on/upon连接，构成congratulate sb. on/upon sth. celebrate 举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝”，只能用事物(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①I want to express my sincere ________(congratulation) on your doing so well in the exam. ②The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person ________ the new home. 微写作 ③你应该为你在汉语演讲比赛中获得一等奖感到自豪。 ________________________________________________ in the Chinese speech contest. 【参考答案】 ①congratulations ②on ③You should congratulate yourself on your winning first prize 2. assume vt. 假定,认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露 情景导学 (教材原句)Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind—but what exactly are its health benefits? 大多数人都认为经常锻炼对身心大有益处--不过，锻炼究竟对健康有哪些好处呢? Let’s assume him to be late for the meeting. What will happen then? 让我们假设他开会迟到。然后会发生什么呢? How others are feeling is not something that we should make assumptions about, because it's not always obvious who is truly happy. 别人的感受不是我们应该假设的事情，因为谁是真正快乐的并不总是显而易见的。 用法归纳 assume sb./sth. to be... 认为某人/事…… assume that... 假设…… It is assumed that...人们认为…… 词汇拓展 assuming conj. 假设……为真；假如 assuming (that)... 假设…… assumption n. 假定，假设；(责任的)承担，担任，(权力的)获得 work on an/the assumption 以假定行事 make assumptions about 对……做推测 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①They assumed him ________(be) the best writer of their time. ②________(assume) that you were the president, what would you do given the present situation? ③Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the ________(assume) that you’ve made. 微写作 ④人们认为，我们应该保护好城市里的一些古老建筑。 ________________________ we should well preserve some ancient buildings in our cities. 【参考答案】①to be ②Assuming ③assumption ④It is assumed that 3. tend vi. 往往会；趋向vt. 照看 情景导学 It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. 事实也证明，定期运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统,患病的风险较低。 用法归纳 tend to do sth. 往往会做某事，倾向于做某事 tend to/towards sth. 趋向某事；倾向于某事 tend (to) sb./sth.=look after sb./sth.=take care of sb./sth. 照顾某人/某物 词汇拓展 tendency n. 倾向,趋势；偏好 have a tendency to do sth. 喜欢做某事；有做某事的倾向 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①He tends ________(get) angry when people are opposed(强烈反对) to his plan. ②I have a ________(tend) to change my ideas to match his. 微写作 ③在我们活着的时候，我们往往会被不重要的事物分散注意力，例如积累物质财富。 While we are living, we ________________ by unimportant things, such as gathering material possessions. ④我写信是为了表达对你在医院照顾我母亲的感谢。(感谢信) I'm writing to express my thanks to you who ________________________________. 【参考答案】 ①to get ②tendency ③tend to get distracted ④tended (to)/looked after/took care of my mother in hospital 4. range n. 一系列；(变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区间；种类；山脉 vi. 包括；(在一定范围内)变化 情景导学 We will organize a range of activities, ranging from performances on traditional Chinese musical instruments to folk dances. 我们将组织一系列活动，从中国传统乐器表演到民间舞蹈。 We can't solve the problem within the range of our abilities. 我们无法在我们能力范围内解决这个问题。 用法归纳 a full/wide range of... 大范围的……，各种…… in/within the range of... 在射程以内；在……范围内 beyond/out of range of... 在射程外；在……范围外 range from...to.../range between...and... 包括从……到……之间；在……到……之间变化 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①The hotel offers ________ range of facilities to tourists. ②His interests range from playing football ________ listening to music. 微写作 ③我们的俱乐部正在举办一系列的活动，从英语演讲比赛到诗歌朗诵。我们期待着你的加入。 ________________________ in our Club, which ________________ English Speech Contest ________ Poetry Recitation. We are expecting your joining. 【参考答案】①a ②to ③A range of activities are being held; range from; to 5. average n. 平均水平，一般水准　adj. 平均的; 典型的 情景导学 (教材原句)In general, you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising. 一般来说，你应该在运动前平均1.5到2.5小时进食。 There has been below average rainfall this month.  这个月的降雨低于平均降雨量。 用法归纳 an average of　 　　 平均…… on average 一般；平均来看 above(the) average 高于平均水平；一般水平以上 below(the) average 低于平均水平；一般水平以下 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①Generally speaking, it’s enough for an adult to sleep about eight hours ________ average per day. ②Freddy was ________ average student, but not an average person. 微写作 ③她每天平均跑15英里左右，不论什么环境，不论什么天气。 She ________________________ about 15 miles every day, whatever the circumstances, whatever the weather. 【参考答案】①on ②an ③runs on average 6. make up for 弥补, 补偿 情景导学 Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost to sweat. 锻炼过程中记得喝水，以弥补出汗消耗的水分。 Our group is two years old and made up of 14 students. 我们团队成立两周年了，由14名学生组成。 用法归纳 make up　　　　 编造，构成，化妆 make for 走向，前往；致使 make it 成功，准时到达 make out 认出；弄清，理解 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①This medical team ________(make) up of one doctor and two nurses. ②After he promised not to make ________ excuses to cheat her, they made friends with each other again. 微写作 ③我竭尽全力, 认真收集资料、记录结果, 以弥补我在学术上的劣势。 I spared no effort to do my bit, collecting data and recording results carefully so as to ________________. 【参考答案】①is made ②up ③ make up for my academic disadvantage 7. lack n. 缺乏, 匮乏, 短缺 vt. & vi. 没有, 缺乏, 不足, 短缺 情景导学 Others work out for hours at the weekend to make up for their lack of exercise during the weekdays. 另一些人则在周末锻炼几个小时，以弥补平日缺乏的锻炼。 It may be a good report, but it seems to lack (for) facts. 这或许是个好报告，但事实似乎还不充分。 More and more high­rise buildings are being built in big cities for lack of space. 由于缺乏空间，大城市里正在建造越来越多的高层建筑。 用法归纳 a/the lack of... 缺少…… for/from lack of... 因缺少…… 注意：(1)lack作动词时，后面直接跟宾语；作名词时，后面常用介词of。(2)lacking为形容词，但一般不放在名词前作定语。 词汇拓展 lacking adj. 缺乏的，没有的 be lacking in... 缺少…… 即时训练 单句语法填空 ① Many families live a tough life because of a lack ________ money. ②She felt nervous, increasingly ________(lack) in confidence about herself. 微写作 ③由于缺乏足够的训练，我们在即将到来的比赛中将很难取胜。 (1)________________________, we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(介词短语) (2)________________________, we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(分词作状语) (3)________________________, we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(原因状语从句) 【参考答案】①of ② lacking ③(1)For lack of enough training; (2)Lacking enough training; (3)As we lack enough training 8. announce vt. 宣布，宣告；通知 情景导学 We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again! 我们高兴地宣布，社区体育中心将于近期再度向公众开放! It was announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced.  据宣布，将有新的限速规定出台。 用法归纳 announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布某事 announce that... 宣布……;宣告…… It is announced that... 据宣布…… 词汇拓展 announcement n. 通告；宣布 make an announcement发布公告；宣布消息 announcer n. 播音员；广播员 易混辨析 announce “宣布，宣告”，多指公开宣告大家关心的事 declare “宣布，声明”，比较正式，一般指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度 claim “声称，索要”，用于发表个人意见、索赔等 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①We are pleased to announce ________ all five candidates are successful. ②Today’s ________(announce) of a peace agreement came after weeks of discussion. 微写作 ③请大家安静一下! 我有一个通知要宣布。 Please be quiet, everyone! I ________________________. 【参考答案】①that ②announcement ③have an announcement to make 9. hesitate vi. 犹豫，迟疑 情景导学 If you want to know more detail, please don’t hesitate to get in touch with me. 如果你想知道更多细节，请立刻与我取得联系。 Don’t hesitate about your decision once you think it over. 只要你考虑清楚了，就不要犹豫你的决定。 用法归纳 hesitate to do sth. 　 做某事有疑虑,不愿意做某事 hesitate about/over sth. 对某事犹豫不决 词汇拓展 hesitation n. 踌躇,迟疑 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事 hesitant adj. 犹豫的 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①In the event of difficulties, please do not hesitate ________(contact) our Customer Service Department.  ②When the girl entered the room, the boy followed without ________(hesitate). 微写作 ③我毫不犹豫地向她推荐了这个工作。 →I recommended the job to her ________________________.  →________________________ in recommending the job to her.  【参考答案】①to contact ②hesitation ③without hesitation; I had no hesitation 10. admit vt. & vi. 承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入 情景导学 After the first class, however, I had to admit that I had been wrong about tai chi. 然而，第一堂课后，我不得不承认我对太极拳的看法是错误的。 She was admitted as a member of the club. 她被接纳为俱乐部会员。 My dream to be admitted to/into my favorite university will come true. 我被最喜爱的大学录取的梦想将会成为现实。 用法归纳 be admitted as 被接纳为……；作为……被承认 be admitted into/to 被……录取 admit doing/having done sth. 承认做过某事 admit sb./sth.to be+adj./n. 承认某人/某物为…… 词汇拓展 admission n. 承认；供认；入场费；门票费 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①You will not be admitted ________ the theatre after the performance has started. ②They tried to get into the club but were refused ________(admit). 微写作 ③我承认错拿了你的雨伞，我向你道歉。 →________________________________ and I apologize to you. →________________________________ and I apologize to you. 【参考答案】①to/into ②admission ③I admit having taken your umbrella by mistake; I admit that I took your umbrella by mistake 11. inspire vt. 激励，鼓舞；启发思考；使产生(感觉或情感) 情景导学 Just as importantly, practising tai chi has inspired me to explore the Chinese culture behind it. 同样重要的是,练太极拳鼓舞我去探索它背后的中国文化。 Cathy has inspired us with her will and enthusiasm. 凯西用她的意志和热情鼓舞着我们。 用法归纳 inspire sb. with sth.=inspire sth. in sb. 用某事激励某人 inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 be inspired by 受到……的鼓舞/启发 词汇拓展 inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的;有灵感的 inspiration n. 灵感;鼓舞人心的人(或事物) draw (one's) inspiration from... 从……中获得灵感 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①Many poets and artists have drawn their ________ from nature. The ________ scenery of nature can leave them deeply ________.(inspire) ②His encouraging remarks inspired me ________ confidence. 微写作 ③那位父亲讲述了自己年轻时的故事，使儿子产生了自信。 →The father told his own stories of his young age, which ________________________.(inspire...in) →The father told his own stories of his young age, which ________________________.(inspire...with) 【参考答案】①inspiration; inspiring; inspired ②with ③inspired confidence in his son; nspired his son with confidence 12. no wonder不足为奇，并不奇怪 情景导学 No wonder some tai chi moves are named after animals. 难怪有些太极动作是以动物命名的。 用法归纳 (1)No wonder (that)...=It’s no wonder(that)... 难怪……；……不足为奇 I wonder whether (if)/when/why/how... 我想知道是否/什么时候/为什么/怎么…… (2)There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问…… There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事无意义 There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事 即时训练 微写作 ①她在电影中扮演的角色有趣极了！难怪她获得了奥斯卡奖。 What an interesting role she played in the film! ________________________.  ②毫无疑问，他会获得比赛的一等奖。 ________________________ he will win the first prize in the contest.  ③既然我们已经完成了工作，就没有再待下去的必要了,我们还是回家吧。 Now that we have finished our work, ________________ staying any longer; we may as well go home.  ④我想知道你是否可以参加今年9月25日在我们学校礼堂举行的音乐节。 I am ________________ you could attend this year’s music festival to be held in our school hall on September 25th.  【参考答案】 ①No wonder she has won an Oscar ②There is no doubt that ③there is no point ④wondering if 13. exist vi. 存在；生活，生存 情景导学 Thanks to the effort of many craftsmen, many traditional Chinese arts and crafts that existed in written records now appear before our eyes. 多亏众多手艺人的努力，许多存在于书面记录中的中国传统手工艺现在出现在了我们眼前。 As is known to us, there exists a generation gap between the young and the old. 众所周知，年轻人和老年人之间存在代沟。 It was hard to exist on the money my father earned at that time. 靠父亲当时挣的钱很难维持生活。 用法归纳 exist in 　　　　　　 存在于……中 exist on 靠……生活(生存) there exist(s) 有…… 词汇拓展 existence n. 存在；生活 come into existence 形成，产生 existing adj. 存在的；现行的 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①As we all know, a man cannot exist ________ only 500 calories a day. ②Do you believe in the ________(exist) of ghost？Perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people. 微写作 ③对于年轻人来说，在这座现代城市里存在着很多机会。 ________________________ for the young people in the modern city. 【参考答案】①on ②existence ③There exist so many opportunities 单元句型 1.句型公式 疑问词+不定式 (教材原句)When to eat is also of great importance.  什么时候吃东西也是很重要的。 Where to hold the meeting hasn't been decided yet. 在哪里开会还没有定下来。 My question is how to sort the garbage. 我的问题是如何进行垃圾分类。 知识总结 (1)“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,疑问词包括疑问代词(who, what, which)和疑问副词(when, where, how)。 (2)能接“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语的常见动词有：advise, ask, consider, decide, discuss, tell, show等。 (3)在“疑问代词+不定式”结构中，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。 (4)“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构可转换为从句。 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①I’m considering who ________(turn) to for help.  ②Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how ________(survive) without friends.  微写作 ③这个男孩太小,不知道在困境中该做什么。 →The boy is too young to know ________________ in trouble.(特殊疑问词+不定式)  →The boy is too young to know ________________ in trouble.(从句)  【参考答案】①to turn ②to survive ③what to do; what he should do 2.句型公式 when 引导时间状语从句的省略 (教材原句)To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising.  为了防止软组织受伤，你运动时一定要穿合适的衣服和护具。 知识总结 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致, 且从句的谓语动词是系动词be或be的某种形式, 此时从句的主语和be动词可以一同省略。 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①When ________(cross)the street, he was knocked down by a car and got injured. ②When ________(admit) to this school, I had thought I would enjoy an extremely comfortable school life. 微写作 ③沐浴着阳光, 我们在农场摘苹果时又跳又笑。 Bathed in sunshine, we danced and laughed ________________________________. 【参考答案】 ①crossing ②admitted ③when/while picking apples on the farm 3.句型公式sb./sth.+be+过去分词+不定式 (教材原句)Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi.  据说13世纪道家的张三丰发明了太极。 Our English Corner is proved to be very helpful and is welcomed by students, teachers and parents.  =It is proved that our English Corner is very helpful and is welcomed by students, teachers and parents.  经证明，我们的英语角很有帮助，受学生、老师和家长的欢迎。 知识总结 不定式的完成式表示该动作已发生。该结构可以转换成:It is/was +过去分词+ that从句。 【注意】“sb./sth.+be+过去分词+不定式”结构 在“sb./sth.+be+过去分词+不定式”结构中，不定式可以是一般式，也可以是完成式。该结构中的常用动词有：say, report, expect, think, believe, consider, prove, suppose等。 即时练习 句型转换/一句多译 ①据报道,事故是昨天早晨7点在一个十字路口发生的。 The accident ________________________ at a crossing at 7 yesterday morning.  ②Some kind of tea, such as green tea or black tea, is said to reduce the risk of cancer.  →________________ some kind of tea, such as green tea or black tea, can reduce the risk of cancer.  【参考答案】 ①is reported to have happened  ②It is said that 单元语法：现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 一. 现在进行时的被动语态 (1)定义: 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的被动动作，强调主语是动作的承受者。 (2)句型结构: 肯定句：主语+am/is/are + being + v-ed+其他. 否定句：主语+am/is/are + not + being + v-ed+其他. 一般疑问：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + being + v-ed +其他？ 特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + am/is/are + being+ v-ed + 其他？ 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 +being + v-ed + 其他？ (3)用法： a. 主语是动作的承受者且动作正在发生或持续。 b. 一种习惯的被动行为，常与always, constantly等频度副词连用，常有赞赏或讨厌等感情色彩。 c. 与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生动作的推测。 (4)注意事项。 (5)特殊用法。 二. 现在完成时的被动语态 (1)定义；现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动动作。表示动作已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。主语为动作的承受者，与谓语动词之间是被动关系，可用by引出动作的发出者。 (2)句型： 肯定句：主语+have/has + been + v-ed+其他. 否定句：主语+have/has + not + been + v-ed+其他. 一般疑问句: Have/Has+主语+ been + v-ed+其他？ 特殊疑问句: 提问主语：疑问词 + have/has + been + v-ed+其他？ 提问其他：疑问词 + 一般疑问句？ (3)用法： a. 动作或状态始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去。 b. 用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作。 c. 其他注意事项。 即时练习 一. 单句语法填空 1. It is reported that many a new house ________(build) at present in the disaster area. 【答案】is being built 【详解】句意：据报道，目前灾区正在建造许多新房。build在主语从句中作谓语动词，many a new house作主语，与build之间是被动关系，根据时间状语at present可知，陈述现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时的被动语态；“many a +单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数，此空填is being built。 2. The goal of peace ________(pursue) by many nations at this very moment. 【答案】is being pursued 【详解】​句意：就在此时此刻，许多国家正在追求和平这一目标。空处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语“at this very moment”可知，句子应用现在进行时；主语The goal of peace与动词pursue之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时态的被动语态，主语为单数，故be动词用is。 3. Interviews ________(conduct) in the meeting room now, so please wait outside. 【答案】are being conducted 【详解】句意：面试此刻正在会议室里进行，请在外面等候。本句主语Interviews和动词conduct是被动关系，根据now可知，用现在进行时的被动语态，谓语用are being conducted。 4. Look! The invaluable ancient vase ________(examine) carefully by a group of experts in the laboratory right now and no one is allowed to enter until they finish. 【答案】is being examined 【详解】动词语态。句意：看！那件珍贵的古花瓶此刻正由一群专家在实验室里被仔细检测，在他们完成之前任何人不得入内。根据Look和right now可知，句子应用现在进行时；主语The invaluable ancient vase与动词examine“检查，检测”之间是被动关系，用现在进行时的被动语态，谓语用is being examined。 5. The rare wild animals in the nature reserve ________(observe) by scientists at present. 【答案】are being observed 【详解】句意：目前，科学家们正在观察自然保护区里的珍稀野生动物。observe作谓语动词，句中时间状语at present“目前、现在”提示动作正在进行；主语“the rare wild animals”与动词observe之间为被动关系(动物被科学家观察)，需用现在进行时的被动语态；主语为复数，填are being observed。 6. The English in this story has been ________(simplify) to make it easier to understand. 【答案】simplified 【详解】句意：这个故事里的英语已经被简化，以便更容易理解。主语The English与动词simplify之间是被动关系，所以本句为现在完成时的被动语态，simplify的过去分词是simplified。 7. The book ________(publish) and you can buy one in the local book store. 【答案】has been published 【详解】句意：这本书已经出版了，你可以在当地书店买到一本。书本出版发生在买之前，出版带来现在可以购买的结果，要用现在完成时。主语The book与动词publish之间是被动关系，需要使用被动语态。主语The book为单数，现在完成时的被动语态结构为has been published。 8. It ________(announce) that we shall have our final exams next week. 【答案】has been announced 【详解】句意：据通知，我们下周将要进行期末考试。此处是“it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正主语”结构，announce与主语it之间为被动关系，且强调现在已经公布的结果，所以用现在完成时态的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为has been announced。 9. Mo Yan’s works ________(translate) into several foreign languages over the past years. 【答案】have been translated 【详解】句意：莫言的作品近年来已被翻译成多种外文。主语works与谓语构成被动关系，结合over the past years可知为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用have。 10. The official news says the president’s busy schedule has already ________(organize). 【答案】been organized 【详解】句意：官方消息称，总统繁忙的行程已经排定。the president’s busy schedule为宾语从句的主语，与organize之间为被动关系，句子应用被动语态be organized，且空处应与空前的has构成现在完成时，将be调整为been，空处填been organized。 二. 完成句子 1. The workers are painting the wall now. (改为被动语态) → The wall ________ ________ ________ by the workers now. 【答案】is being painted 【详解】句意：工人们正在粉刷墙壁。原句时态为现在进行时，改写后的句子也用现在进行时，主语The wall与paint为被动关系，用现在进行时的被动语态。主语the wall为单数，谓语用is being painted。 2. We are discussing how to develop good learning habits in class now. (改为被动语态) →How to develop good learning habits ________ by us in class now. 【答案】is being discussed 【详解】句意：我们现在正在课堂上讨论如何养成良好的学习习惯。now提示用现在进行时，主语How to develop good learning habits是一个整体概念，视作单数，与动词discuss构成被动关系，用现在进行时的被动语态的单数形式is being discussed。 3. They are building a new school here. (改为被动语态) → A new school ________ ________ ________ here. 【答案】is being built 【详解】句意：他们正在这里修建一所新学校。原句They are building a new school here.是现在进行时，变为被动语态时，结构为“am/is/are + being +过去分词”。A new school作主语为单数，be动词用is，build的过去分词是built。 4. Students are discussing some useful reading skills in the classroom now.(改为被动语态) →Some useful reading skills ________ ________ ________ by students in the classroom now. 【答案】are being discussed 【详解】句意：学生们此刻正在教室里讨论一些实用的阅读技巧。根据题干要求，将原句修改为被动语态，now为现在进行时时间标志，reading skills与discuss之间为被动关系，故使用现在进行时被动结构为be being+过去分词，主语为复数，be动词用are。 5. We are repairing the old library at present.(改为被动语态) →The old library ________ ________ ________ by us at present. 【答案】is being repaired 【详解】句意：我们目前正在修缮这座旧图书馆。改为被动语态：这座旧图书馆目前正由我们修缮。根据时态提示at present可知，原句为现在进行时，其被动结构为am/is/are being done；主语 the old library为单数，be动词用is，repair的过去分词是repaired，所以应填is being repaired。 6. Our school drama club has performed two short plays this term.(用被动语态改写) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Two short plays have been performed by our school drama club this term. 【详解】句意：我们学校戏剧社本学期已经上演了两部短剧。被动语态结构为“主语+be+过去分词”，原句为现在完成时，改为被动语态时需将宾语Two short plays变为主语，谓语变为have been performed，原主语our school drama club变为介词by的宾语。 7. We have planted many trees around our school in recent years. (改为被动语态) → Many trees ________________ around our school in recent years. 【答案】have been planted 【详解】句意：近几年来，我们学校周围种了很多树。根据题目要求改为被动语态，原句have planted为现在完成时，其被动语态基本结构为“have/has been done”；主语Many trees为复数名词，助动词用have。 8. The local government has built several new libraries in the community recently.(改为被动语态) → Several new libraries ________ ________ ________ by the local government in the community recently. 【答案】have been built 【详解】句意：当地政府最近在社区建了好几座新图书馆。题干要求改为被动语态，原句使用现在完成时，改为现在完成时被动结构为have/has been+过去分词，主语Several new libraries为复数，助动词用have。 9. Someone has repaired the computer.(改为被动语态) → The computer ________ ________ ________. 【答案】has been repaired 【详解】句意：有人已经把电脑修好了。原句Someone has repaired the computer是现在完成时，改为被动语态时，结构为“have/has + been + 过去分词”。The computer作主语，为单数，助动词用has，repair的过去分词是repaired。 10. We have made great progress in English learning in the past few months.(用被动语态改写) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Great progress has been made in English learning in the past few months. 【详解】句意：过去几个月里，英语学习方面取得了巨大进步。根据要求可知，原宾语great progress变被动句主语(不可数名词，谓语用单数)；原谓语have made变成现在完成时被动has been made；原主语We省略(被动常省略动作发出者)；其余部分不变。 三 语篇语法填空 Li Ming: Hi, Lin Tao, it’s several months since we (1)________(meet) last time. You said you were tired of your work and you would find a new job. What are you doing now? Lin Tao: Oh, I (2)________(train) for the work in the supermarket in the past two months. A supermarket (3)________(build) in our town now, and it will be open in about two months. Li Ming: Oh, that’s great. I know your parents (4)________(work) in Wuhan for about two months. Can you tell me something there after the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia? Lin Tao: Of course. Since the disease happened, many soldiers (5)________(send) there, and many kinds of supplies (6)________(carry) there from all over the country. Now, most people there (7)________(live) a happy life again. Li Ming: Sorry, Lin Tao. I will go to the centre stadium, where the spring sports meeting (8)________(hold) at the moment. There is something wrong with my car and it (9)________(repair). I (10)________(lose) weight recently, so I’d like to go there on foot. Lin Tao: I see. Then I wish you a good day! Li Ming: Bye! 【参考答案】 (1) is being decorated (2) has been made (3) are being hurt (4) are being protected (5) has been honored (6) has not been finished (7) is being developed (8) are being introduced (9) have been sold out (10) has been caused (时间：40分钟) Ⅰ.单词拼写 1. When someone gets a prize, we should say “C________! ” to him. 【答案】Congratulations 【详解】考查名词。句意：当某人获奖的时候，我们应该祝贺他。Congratulations表示“祝贺”，常用复数，故填Congratulations。 2. You are most likely to keep your weight down if you include walking into your daily ________(常规). 【答案】routine 【详解】句意：如果你把步行包括进你的生活常规，你最有可能保持你的体重下降。表示“常规”，应该用routine。故填routine。 3. My brother always ________(趋向，易于) to be curious about everything around. 【答案】tends 【详解】句意：我哥哥对周围的一切总是很好奇。固定词组：tend to“倾向”。句子用一般现在时态，且主语是brother，单数第三人称，故答案为tends。 4. You should apologize to your mother, as she has done nothing wrong to ________(阻挡，防止) you from Internet addiction. 【答案】prevent 【详解】句意：你应该向你的妈妈道歉，因为她阻止你沉迷网络并没有任何过错。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“阻挡，防止”应用动词prevent，且此处应用动词原形与前面to构成不定式。 5. Parents should face the fact that most children are of a________ intelligence. 【答案】average/verage 【详解】考查形容词。句意：父母应该面对的事实是，大多数的孩子都是普通的智力。形容词average“普通的，一般的”修饰名词intelligence。故填average。 6. Never will I forget that poem and the i________(灵感) it provided for my first novel. 【答案】inspiration 【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记那首诗，以及它给我第一部小说带来的灵感。根据上文the可知应填名词inspiration。 7. As soon as we arrived on the island, we were eager to e________(探险). 【答案】explore/xplore 【详解】句意：我们一到那个岛就急于去探险。根据汉语提示“探险”以及首字母e可知，用动词explore，不定式符号to后需接动词原形。 8. Please don’t h________ to contact me if you have any questions. 【答案】hesitate 【详解】考查动词词义。句意：如果你有任何问题的话，请不要犹豫，立即同我联络。在don’t之后用动词原形形式，故填hesitate。 9. My deskmate Wang Tao is so outstanding that we are sure he will be a________ into Peking University or Qinghua University. 【答案】admitted/dmitted 【详解】句意：我的同桌王涛非常优秀，我们相信他会被北京大学或清华大学录取。admit“承认，准许进入”，此处应使用过去分词，构成被动语态。故填admitted。 10. When the successful woman reached her seventies, she looked backed on her career with great ________(满意). 【答案】satisfaction 【详解】考查名词。句意：当这位成功的女人七十多岁时，她非常满意地回顾了自己的事业。with great satisfaction“带着极大的满足”。故答案为satisfaction。 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1. After all the delays, we were anxious to make ________ for lost time. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】up 【详解】句意：经过种种延误，我们迫切想要弥补所耽误的时间。根据空格后的time可知，此处用up构成固定短语make up for表示“弥补”时间。 2. ________(jog) is perhaps an effective way of keeping you slim. 【答案】Jogging 【详解】句意：慢跑或许是一种保持身材的有效方式。本空在句中充当主语，需要使用动名词形式，动词jog对应的动名词为jogging，句首单词首字母需大写。 3. ________(lack) enthusiasm for sports, she rejected the invitation to a football game. 【答案】Lacking 【详解】句意：由于对体育缺乏热情，她拒绝了看足球比赛的邀请。lack和逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，此处使用现在分词作原因状语，首字母应大写。 4. In the northern state of Astrakhan, the forest department is using drones(无人机) to keep track of animals’ ________(move). 【答案】movements 【详解】句意：在北方的阿斯特拉罕州，林业部门正在使用无人机来追踪动物的行踪。根据“animals’”为名词所有格可知，其后需接名词；move的名词形式为movement，意为“移动、活动”，此处表示动物的各类活动踪迹，应用复数形式movements。 5. All the players need full sports ________(equip) before the match starts. 【答案】equipment 【详解】句意：比赛开始前，所有运动员都需要配齐运动装备。空处应填名词，作动词need的宾语，equip的名词形式为equipment，是不可数名词，sports equipment意为“运动装备”。 6. The ________(injure) to their key player could be a decisive factor in the game. 【答案】injury 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们的主力队员受伤可能是比赛的决定性因素。空格前是冠词the，所以这里用名词。injure动词，伤害；injury名词，故答案为injury. 7. I like to live in the countryside where the air is good to ________(breath) . 【答案】breathe 【详解】句意：我喜欢住在乡下，那里空气清新宜人。“sth. be+形容词+to do”是固定结构，意为“某物做起来……”，breath是名词，动词形式为breathe。 8. When ________(invite) to a party we do not feel comfortable attending, we can say no. It does not mean rejecting friendship but rather communicating our limits. 【答案】invited 【详解】句意：当被邀请参加一场我们参加起来会感到不自在的聚会时，我们可以拒绝。这并不意味着拒绝友谊，而是表明我们的底线。此处为状语从句的省略，完整的从句为when we are invited to a party we do not feel comfortable attending，从句可省略与主句相同的主语we和be动词are，保留过去分词invited。 9. Li decided out of love to return it to the wild, a decision ________(root) in respect rather than possession. 【答案】rooted 【详解】句意：出于爱，李决定将它放归野外，这是一个植根于尊重而非占有的决定。句中已有谓语动词decided，空格处及后面的部分作名词decision的后置定语。动词root与逻辑主语decision之间是被动关系，因此应使用过去分词rooted。 10. There ________(exist) many effective ways to enrich our after-school spare time. 【答案】exist 【详解】句意：存在许多有效方式可以丰富我们的课余生活。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，复数名词ways作主语，故用复数谓语。 Ⅲ.短语填空 behind the scenes              not to mention        in addition to           do justice to over the long term             do wonders            pull up                 stick with put the finishing touches to     make up for            in response to 1. It’s far too late for you to go out and play football, ________ the fact that it’s raining. 2. ________ working with the animals, there are also opportunities to explore the beautiful scenery in the area. 3. The red car ________ too fast and hit the shoulder of the road. 4. Frankly speaking, the introduction to Selected Poems ________ the talented poet 5. It’s an exciting opportunity to learn what goes on ________. 6. ________, such measures will only worsen the situations 7. The old professor is ________ his painting. 8. Fortunately, the good weather ________ the bad organization and everyone enjoyed themselves a lot 9. ________ public needs, the government has passed laws to limit tobacco(烟草) production. 10. If you’re in a job that keeps you busy and confident, ________ it. 【答案】 1. not to mention 2. In addition to 3. pulled up 4. does justice to 5. behind the scenes 6. Over the long term 7. putting the finishing touches to 8. made up for 9. In response to 10. stick with Ⅳ.完成句子 1. 我很兴奋，也非常紧张。我不知道将面临什么。 I was very excited but also quite nervous. I didn't know ________________________. 2. 如果你方便的话，我希望你能接受我们的邀请，也希望你能给我们提供一些建议。 We hope ________________________________________________________________. 3. 既然这样，讨论这个问题就毫无意义了。 In that case, ________________________ the problem. 4.现在不必告诉我你的答案。好好思考一下再让我知道。 ________________________________ now. Give it some thought and then let me know. 5. 据报道，我们市这个周日将举办中国剪纸艺术展。 It is reported that our city will hold a Chinese paper­cutting show this Sunday. ＝Our city ________________________ a Chinese paper­cutting show this Sunday. 6. 尽管这些天埋头书中，我还是加入了几个学生俱乐部来提高自己。 ________________________ these days, I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself. 【答案】 1. what to expect 2. (that) you will accept our invitation and that you can offer us some tips 3. there's no point discussing 4. There is no need to tell me your answer 5. is reported to hold 6. Though buried in books Ⅴ.阅读理解 A We all know that exercise is good for our body. It helps us build a strong heart and keep a healthy weight. But did you know that exercise is also great for your brain? Recent studies show that physical activity can actually change the brain in some amazing ways, making us think better and feel happier. The first change is about the brain’s ability to learn and remember. When we exercise, our heart sends more blood to the brain, carrying oxygen and important food. This helps the brain cells grow and become stronger. Scientists have found that a part of the brain called the hippocampus(海马体), which is very important for memory, gets larger in people who exercise often. This means these people may find it easier to learn new things and get higher scores on tests. Besides a better memory, exercise is also a powerful way to improve our mood. During and after physical activity, the brain produces more “feel-good” chemicals. These natural brain chemicals help to reduce feelings of worry and stress. You don’t need to run a long way to get the result. Even a short walk or some simple sports can make you feel more relaxed and happy. So, how can you add more exercise to your life? You don’t have to be an athlete. The key is to find an activity you enjoy. It could be walking or riding a bike to school, joining a dance club, or just playing ball games with friends in the park. Try to be active for at least 30 minutes most days. In short, exercise is not just about building a healthy body. It is also one of the most effective ways to build a healthier, happier, and smarter brain. Next time you need a break from study, perhaps going out for some exercise is the best choice. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Exercise is the best way to build a strong body. B. Exercise has great effects on the brain as it does on the body. C. Students should spend more time playing sports. D. The hippocampus is the most important part of the brain. 2. According to Paragraph 2, how does exercise help us learn better? A. By making us feel happier and more relaxed. B. By helping brain cells grow stronger in the hippocampus. C. By allowing the heart to send less blood to the brain. D. By making us want to learn new things. 3. How does exercise help to improve our mood? A. By bringing more blood and oxygen to the brain during physical activity. B. By helping our brain learn new things and remember information better. C. By making the hippocampus, an important part for memory, become larger. D. By producing natural brain chemicals that reduce feelings of worry and stress. 4. What does the author suggest for adding exercise to our life? A. We must become excellent athletes. B. We should run a long way every day. C. We need to find an activity we enjoy. D. We have to join a school sports team. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文主要介绍了运动对大脑的积极影响，并给出了适当运动的建议，以打造更健康、更快乐、更聪明的大脑。 1. 主旨大意题。文章开头点明运动对身体有益，但随即转折指出运动对大脑也有惊人益处，后续段落分别从记忆和情绪两方面阐述，因此主旨是运动对大脑和身体都有积极影响。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Scientists have found that a part of the brain called the hippocampus (海马体), which is very important for memory, gets larger in people who exercise often. This means these people may find it easier to learn new things (科学家发现，大脑里一个名为海马体的区域对记忆至关重要，经常运动的人群海马体体积会变大，这意味着这些人学习新事物会更加轻松)”可知，运动通过强化海马体相关脑细胞，直接提升学习与记忆能力。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“During and after physical activity, the brain produces more “feel-good” chemicals. These natural brain chemicals help to reduce feelings of worry and stress. (在运动期间及运动后，大脑会分泌更多“令人愉悦”的化学物质。这些天然的脑部化学物质有助于减轻焦虑与压力感。)”可知，运动改善情绪的核心机制是分泌能缓解焦虑和压力的天然脑部化学物质。 4. 细节理解题。根据第四段的“You don’t have to be an athlete. The key is to find an activity you enjoy. (你不必成为专业运动员。关键是找到一项你喜欢的运动。)”可知，作者建议普通人坚持运动的核心在于选择自己喜爱的活动。 B After years spent running and dieting, Casey Johnston came across a post about weightlifting. “I don’t lift to be attractive. I lift to be strong,” Johnston recalls one devoted powerlifter posting. “Liar,” Johnston thought to herself. “After all, isn’t attractiveness the reason why most people work out?” Johnston wanted to look attractive in college. She tried, at first, just dieting. That didn’t get her all the way to where she thought she should be — weightwise. Then she started running. She was running more and more and eating less and less, but sort of staying in the same place. She just had the impression that she should always be losing weight. Then she learned that what had happened through all of this weight-loss pursuit was that she had dieted and exercised away all of her lean body mass(去脂体重). She thought her muscles were just there waiting to be uncovered if she lost enough weight. It turned out that, actually, if you aren’t protecting your muscles actively, they can go away. While running, Johnston found it punishing, but it was a way to achieve one goal that consumed her: not being fat. She had absorbed the cultural message that the purpose of exercise was to make her as small as possible. Johnston admits that she was first drawn to weightlifting for the same reason. But gradually, she discovered strength training could offer more. She says lifting weights helped repair her disordered eating and allowed her to enjoy food. “When I gave it a chance, with these basic elements, I found it transformative. That work of looking closer and listening to myself is worth the time,” she shares. “Most importantly, it changed my attitude about my own body, from one centered on denial of pleasure to a relationship that now embraces movement, rest and eating equally. My body could feel good, even powerful.” 5. How did Johnston find the post at first? A. Inspiring. B. Ordinary. C. Unconvincing. D. Innovative. 6. What was the outcome of Johnston’s dieting and running in college? A. She became too weak to study. B. She gained more lean body mass. C. She lost more weight than planned. D. She didn’t look the way she had expected. 7. Why did Johnston start to learn to lift weights? A. For education. B. For weight loss. C. For entertainment. D. For cultural exchange. 8. What is the focus of the last paragraph? A. How weightlifting benefited Johnston. B. How Johnston became more attractive. C. How Johnston trained for weightlifting. D. How exercise pressure affected Johnston. 【答案】5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 【导语】文章主要讲述了Casey Johnston为追求外在形象节食跑步，后来接触力量训练，举重改变了她对身体、饮食运动的看法。 5. 细节理解题。根据第二段““I don’t lift to be attractive. I lift to be strong,” Johnston recalls one devoted powerlifter posting.(‘我举重不是为了外表好看，我举重是为了变得强壮。’Johnston回忆起一位热忱的力量举重爱好者发的帖子。)”以及第三段““Liar,” Johnston thought to herself. “After all, isn’t attractiveness the reason why most people work out?”(‘骗子，’Johnston心里暗想，‘说到底，大多数人健身不就是为了拥有好的外在形象吗？’)”可知，Johnston看到帖子内心觉得对方在说谎，认为帖子没有说服力。 6. 细节理解题。根据第四段“She tried, at first, just dieting. That didn’t get her all the way to where she thought she should be — weightwise. Then she started running. She was running more and more and eating less and less, but sort of staying in the same place.(起初，她只尝试节食。但这并没有让她达到自己理想中的体重状态。之后她开始跑步。她跑得越来越多，吃得越来越少，可体重几乎没有什么变化。)”可知，大学期间节食加跑步，并没有达到她自己预期的样子。 7. 细节理解题。根据第六段“She had absorbed the cultural message that the purpose of exercise was to make her as small as possible.(她深受这种社会观念的影响，认为健身的目的就是让自己的身形尽可能纤瘦。)”以及第七段“Johnston admits that she was first drawn to weightlifting for the same reason.(Johnston坦言，最初吸引她去练举重的也是这个原因。)”可知，她最初开始举重也是为了减重。 8. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“She says lifting weights helped repair her disordered eating and allowed her to enjoy food.(她说举重改善了她紊乱的饮食状态，让她可以好好享受食物。)”以及 “Most importantly, it changed my attitude about my own body, from one centered on denial of pleasure to a relationship that now embraces movement, rest and eating equally. My body could feel good, even powerful.”(‘最重要的是，它改变了我对自己身体的态度，从一味压抑身心愉悦，转变为同等接纳运动、休息与饮食。我的身体可以感觉很舒适，甚至充满力量。’)”可知，本段主要介绍举重给Johnston带来的种种益处。 Ⅵ.完形填空 Several years ago, when I was living in New York, I decided it was time to get my middle-aged self back in shape. The gym near my house was tiny. I was the 1 person there and I felt 2 as I did my push-ups(俯卧撑) among all the big and robust guys. However, nobody really seemed to notice me. So I continued showing up, because I could tell I was making 3 — I was getting stronger than before. One day, I was on my 4 machine — the assisted pull-up machine. I enjoyed it because it was not so hard for me. I had just 5 a set when a huge guy walked up to me and asked, “Why are you always doing assisted pull-ups?” I looked at him, feeling so 6 that I tried to search for an answer. “Because I can’t do real ones,” I finally 7 . “You can. You are strong,” he said with a big smile. “Get over here, and I’ll 8 you.” We walked over to the real pull-up bar, and then he 9 how to do it. He watched me carefully. Then he told me to come back the next day and continue to try a real one. So I did. “Keep practicing,” he told me. “By the end of the month, you’ll be 10 to do four or five.” After that day, I started to love going to that gym. I was 11 the weakest one there, but I could do pull-ups: First two, then nine. When I stopped 12 looking foolish, I started asking others in the gym questions. There were teachers everywhere in that gym as long as I was willing to ask for 13 . By the time I 14 New York, I had been certified(认证) as a personal 15 , so I could teach other women what I’d learned in that gym. 1. A. heaviest B. weakest C. oldest D. shortest 2. A. out of place B. out of shape C. out of order D. out of trouble 3. A. sense B. history C. progress D. differences 4. A. new B. personal C. typical D. favorite 5. A. designed B. finished C. imagined D. selected 6. A. embarrassed B. guilty C. desperate D. pitiful 7. A. quit B. realized C. nodded D. admitted 8. A. persuade B. show C. promise D. defeat 9. A. explained B. repeated C. reviewed D. learned 10. A. ready B. willing C. eager D. bound 11. A. yet B. still C. ever D. never 12. A. talking about B. hoping for C. worrying about D. caring for 13. A. choices B. cooperation C. challenges D. guidance 14. A. forgot B. left C. reached D. missed 15. A. trainer B. conductor C. advisor D. leader 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者中年健身时受陌生人鼓励，克服自卑苦练引体向上，最终成为私人教练的故事。 1. 考查形容词。句意：我是那里最弱的人，在一众健壮的壮汉中间做俯卧撑时，我觉得格格不入。A. heaviest最重的；B. weakest最弱的；C. oldest最年长的；D. shortest最矮的。根据后文“among all the big and robust guys”以及作者刚开始只能做辅助引体向上可知，作者是健身房里体质最弱的。 2. 考查固定短语。句意：同上。A. out of place格格不入；B. out of shape走形；C. out of order出故障；D. out of trouble脱离麻烦。根据后文“among all the big and robust guys”可知，身处全是壮汉的环境，力量薄弱的作者会觉得自己和周遭氛围格格不入。 3. 考查名词。句意：所以我继续坚持去健身房，因为我能感觉到自己在进步——我比以前更强壮了。A. sense道理；B. history历史；C. progress进步；D. differences差异。根据后文“I was getting stronger than before”可知，比以前更强壮了，说明作者取得了进步。 4. 考查形容词。句意：某天我正用着自己最爱的器械——辅助引体向上机。A. new新的；B. personal个人的；C. typical典型的；D. favorite最爱的。后文“I enjoyed it because it was not so hard for me”可知，作者喜欢它是因为操作难度不高，所以这是作者最喜欢的器械。 5. 考查动词。句意：我刚做完一组动作，一个身形魁梧的壮汉走到我面前问我为什么总做辅助引体向上。A. designed设计；B. finished完成；C. imagined想象；D. selected挑选。根据前文“when a huge guy walked up to me and asked”可知，作者正在健身，一个大块头走过来搭话，此时作者应该是刚刚完成了一组训练。 6. 考查形容词。句意：我看着他，尴尬得不知道怎么回答，拼命想找说辞。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. guilty愧疚的；C. desperate绝望的；D. pitiful可怜的。根据后文“I tried to search for an answer”可知，被陌生人当众指出自己的训练短板，作者第一反应是难为情、尴尬。 7. 考查动词。句意：我最终承认：“因为我做不了标准引体向上。”A. quit放弃；B. realized意识到；C. nodded点头；D. admitted承认。根据前文“Because I can’t do real ones”可知，作者直面自己的不足，直白说出了真实情况，也就是主动承认短板。 8. 考查动词。句意：他笑着说“你很强，完全可以做到，过来我给你演示怎么做”。A. persuade劝说；B. show演示；C. promise承诺；D. defeat击败。根据后文“We walked over to the real pull-up bar”可知，大块头要带作者到标准引体向上杆旁，教正确的动作，也就是给作者演示方法。 9. 考查动词。句意：我们走到真正的引体向上杠前，然后他解释了该如何做。A. explained讲解；B. repeated重复；C. reviewed复习；D. learned学习。根据上文““You can. You are strong,” he said with a big smile. “Get over here, and I’ll  ________  you.””可知，大块头要教作者，首先要解释动作要领。 10. 考查形容词。句意：月底的时候，你肯定能做四五个。A. ready准备好的；B. willing愿意的；C. eager迫切的；D. bound注定的。根据前文语境，大块头给出明确的练习预期，坚持训练到月底就有能力完成对应数量的动作，be bound to do sth. 意为“注定会做某事，必定能做”，表示强烈的肯定。 11. 考查副词。句意：我仍然是那里力量最弱的人，但我已经能做引体向上了：从最开始的2个，慢慢做到9个。A. yet还；B. still仍然；C. ever曾经；D. never从未。根据后文“but I could do pull-ups: First two, then nine”可知，作者虽然取得进步，但和健身房里的壮汉相比，依旧是力量偏弱的状态。 12. 考查动词短语。句意：当我不再担心自己出洋相，我开始主动向健身房里的其他人请教问题。A. talking about谈论；B. hoping for期盼；C. worrying about担心；D. caring for照料。根据前文““Because I can’t do real ones,” I finally  ________ .”可知，作者之前是在担心自己看起来很蠢，所以此处表示不再担心这个问题了。 13. 考查名词。句意：只要我愿意主动寻求指导，健身房里到处都是能教我的老师。A. choices选择；B. cooperation合作；C. challenges挑战；D. guidance指导。根据前文“I started asking others in the gym questions”可知，作者向他人请教动作问题，本质是在寻求专业的训练指导。 14. 考查动词。句意：等我离开纽约的时候，我已经考取了私人教练证书，能把在健身房学到的内容教给其他女性。A. forgot忘记；B. left离开；C. reached抵达；D. missed错过。根据后文“ I had been certified (认证)”可知，作者在纽约完成了健身训练、考取证书的全部经历，之后离开这座城市。 15. 考查名词。句意：等我离开纽约的时候，我已经考取了私人教练证书，能把在健身房学到的内容教给其他女性。A. trainer教练；B. conductor售票员；C. advisor顾问；D. leader领导者。根据后文“so I could teach other women what I’d learned in that gym”可知，能教授他人健身知识的持证岗位，对应的是私人教练。 Ⅶ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Running is good for your health. It may not only help you get into shape, but also help you live longer. According to research that 1 (do) in the US recently, runners are usually much 2 (healthy) than non-runners. Actually, runners live, on average, three years longer than non-runners. Running may be good exercise, but it can be difficult on the body. Here 3 (be) some commonly shared ideas among fitness experts for people running often. Do not run too much, too soon or too fast. Your running intensity(强度) should keep up 4 your recovery level. Most people get running injuries when they push 5 (they) too hard. It will take time 6 (recover) fully. Get good running shoes. You should find the shoes 7 offer the best fit and support for your feet. It is also the reason why you should have a new pair of shoes on a regular basis, every 500 to 800 kilometers. After each run, write down notes about what you did and 8 you felt. You may find that your knees hurt when you run sometimes. Or perhaps you feel great and 9 (power) when you have a rest between running days. These notes will 10 (obvious) make a difference to your following running plans. 【答案】 1. has been done 2. healthier 3. are 4. with 5. themselves 6. to recover 7. that/which 8. how 9. powerful 10. obviously 【导语】主要介绍跑步对健康的益处，同时给出健身专家提供的几条科学跑步、预防运动损伤的实用建议。 1. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：根据美国近期开展的一项研究，跑步的人通常比不跑步的人健康得多。此处为定语从句的谓语动词，先行词research与do为被动关系；根据时间状语recently可知，用现在完成时，research为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为has been done。 2. 考查形容词比较级。句意：根据美国近期开展的一项研究，跑步的人通常比不跑步的人健康得多。句中有比较级标志词than，much用来修饰比较级，healthy的比较级为healthier。 3. 考查主谓一致。句意：下面是健身专家们给经常跑步的人们提出的一些普遍共识。本句为倒装句，主语some commonly shared ideas是复数，句子为一般现在时，be动词用are。 4. 考查介词。句意：你的跑步强度应当与自身恢复水平相匹配。此处为固定搭配keep up with，意为“跟上、与……保持同步”，所以此处为介词with。 5. 考查反身代词。句意：大多数人在过度逼迫自己的时候会出现跑步损伤。主语与宾语指代同一群人，需要使用反身代词themselves。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：身体需要一段时间才能完全恢复。此处为固定句型It will take time to do sth，it作形式主语，真正主语为动词不定式，所以用to recover。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：你应当选择最贴合双脚、能给双脚良好支撑的跑鞋。先行词为the shoes，指代事物，关系词在从句中作主语，可用that或which。 8. 考查宾语从句。句意：每次跑完步后，记录下你的运动内容与身体感受。此处引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，意为“如何、怎样”，所以用连接副词how。故填how。 9. 考查形容词。句意：又或许在连续跑步的日子间隙休息时，你会感到身心舒畅、充满力量。此处与great并列作表语，需要形容词，power对应的形容词为powerful。 10. 考查副词。句意：这些记录显然会对你后续的跑步计划产生重要作用。此处修饰动词make，需要副词作状语，obvious对应的副词为obviously，意为“显然”。 ( 1 / 10 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 译林版必修第二册 Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy (复习讲义) 复习要点 1.主题语境：人与社会，话题是“运动与健康”，语篇类型有：指南、电子邮件、杂志文章、调查报告等跨文化场景展开。 2.词汇短语：理解体育锻炼的基本知识，树立科学的体育锻炼观念，养成正确的锻炼习惯；引导学生探究体育项目背后的中华传统文化，正确理解运动与学习、生活之间的关系相关核心单词及变形、固定搭配。 3.语法：掌握“现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态”。 4.应用文写作：掌握鼓励朋友锻炼的邮件常用的首段、中段及尾端句型与完整写作框架。 复习重难点 重点：重点单词词性变形、语言文化类固定搭配、单元核心句型的识别与运用。 难点：如何写鼓励朋友锻炼的邮件及其如何锻炼身体的建议信的灵活应用。 单元词汇 知识点 1. congratulation n. 祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺 情景导学 (教材原句)Congratulations! You have just taken your first step towards a new and improved you! 祝贺你!你已经向新的、更好的自己跨出了第一步! When friends offered their congratulations to him, he said with a smile, “I’m a lucky dog.” 当朋友们向他表示祝贺时，他微笑着说：“我是一个幸运儿。” 用法归纳 send/offer congratulations to sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事 a letter of congratulation 祝贺信 注意：表示“祝贺，恭喜”时，congratulation常用复数形式。 词汇拓展 congratulate sb.on/upon (doing) sth. 祝贺某人(做了)某事 congratulate oneself on sth. 因某事而暗自庆幸 易混辨析congratulate/celebrate congratulate “祝贺；道贺”，只能用人作宾语，若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面要用on/upon连接，构成congratulate sb. on/upon sth. celebrate 举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝”，只能用事物(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①I want to express my sincere ________(congratulation) on your doing so well in the exam. ②The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person ________ the new home. 微写作 ③你应该为你在汉语演讲比赛中获得一等奖感到自豪。 ________________________________________________ in the Chinese speech contest. 2. assume vt. 假定,认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露 情景导学 (教材原句)Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind—but what exactly are its health benefits? 大多数人都认为经常锻炼对身心大有益处--不过，锻炼究竟对健康有哪些好处呢? Let’s assume him to be late for the meeting. What will happen then? 让我们假设他开会迟到。然后会发生什么呢? How others are feeling is not something that we should make assumptions about, because it's not always obvious who is truly happy. 别人的感受不是我们应该假设的事情，因为谁是真正快乐的并不总是显而易见的。 用法归纳 assume sb./sth. to be... 认为某人/事…… assume that... 假设…… It is assumed that...人们认为…… 词汇拓展 assuming conj. 假设……为真；假如 assuming (that)... 假设…… assumption n. 假定，假设；(责任的)承担，担任，(权力的)获得 work on an/the assumption 以假定行事 make assumptions about 对……做推测 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①They assumed him ________(be) the best writer of their time. ②________(assume) that you were the president, what would you do given the present situation? ③Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the ________(assume) that you’ve made. 微写作 ④人们认为，我们应该保护好城市里的一些古老建筑。 ________________________ we should well preserve some ancient buildings in our cities. 3. tend vi. 往往会；趋向vt. 照看 情景导学 It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. 事实也证明，定期运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统,患病的风险较低。 用法归纳 tend to do sth. 往往会做某事，倾向于做某事 tend to/towards sth. 趋向某事；倾向于某事 tend (to) sb./sth.=look after sb./sth.=take care of sb./sth. 照顾某人/某物 词汇拓展 tendency n. 倾向,趋势；偏好 have a tendency to do sth. 喜欢做某事；有做某事的倾向 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①He tends ________(get) angry when people are opposed(强烈反对) to his plan. ②I have a ________(tend) to change my ideas to match his. 微写作 ③在我们活着的时候，我们往往会被不重要的事物分散注意力，例如积累物质财富。 While we are living, we ________________ by unimportant things, such as gathering material possessions. ④我写信是为了表达对你在医院照顾我母亲的感谢。(感谢信) I'm writing to express my thanks to you who ________________________________. 4. range n. 一系列；(变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区间；种类；山脉 vi. 包括；(在一定范围内)变化 情景导学 We will organize a range of activities, ranging from performances on traditional Chinese musical instruments to folk dances. 我们将组织一系列活动，从中国传统乐器表演到民间舞蹈。 We can't solve the problem within the range of our abilities. 我们无法在我们能力范围内解决这个问题。 用法归纳 a full/wide range of... 大范围的……，各种…… in/within the range of... 在射程以内；在……范围内 beyond/out of range of... 在射程外；在……范围外 range from...to.../range between...and... 包括从……到……之间；在……到……之间变化 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①The hotel offers ________ range of facilities to tourists. ②His interests range from playing football ________ listening to music. 微写作 ③我们的俱乐部正在举办一系列的活动，从英语演讲比赛到诗歌朗诵。我们期待着你的加入。 ________________________ in our Club, which ________________ English Speech Contest ________ Poetry Recitation. We are expecting your joining. 5. average n. 平均水平，一般水准　adj. 平均的; 典型的 情景导学 (教材原句)In general, you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising. 一般来说，你应该在运动前平均1.5到2.5小时进食。 There has been below average rainfall this month.  这个月的降雨低于平均降雨量。 用法归纳 an average of　 　　 平均…… on average 一般；平均来看 above(the) average 高于平均水平；一般水平以上 below(the) average 低于平均水平；一般水平以下 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①Generally speaking, it’s enough for an adult to sleep about eight hours ________ average per day. ②Freddy was ________ average student, but not an average person. 微写作 ③她每天平均跑15英里左右，不论什么环境，不论什么天气。 She ________________________ about 15 miles every day, whatever the circumstances, whatever the weather. 6. make up for 弥补, 补偿 情景导学 Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost to sweat. 锻炼过程中记得喝水，以弥补出汗消耗的水分。 Our group is two years old and made up of 14 students. 我们团队成立两周年了，由14名学生组成。 用法归纳 make up　　　　 编造，构成，化妆 make for 走向，前往；致使 make it 成功，准时到达 make out 认出；弄清，理解 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①This medical team ________(make) up of one doctor and two nurses. ②After he promised not to make ________ excuses to cheat her, they made friends with each other again. 微写作 ③我竭尽全力, 认真收集资料、记录结果, 以弥补我在学术上的劣势。 I spared no effort to do my bit, collecting data and recording results carefully so as to ________________. 7. lack n. 缺乏, 匮乏, 短缺 vt. & vi. 没有, 缺乏, 不足, 短缺 情景导学 Others work out for hours at the weekend to make up for their lack of exercise during the weekdays. 另一些人则在周末锻炼几个小时，以弥补平日缺乏的锻炼。 It may be a good report, but it seems to lack (for) facts. 这或许是个好报告，但事实似乎还不充分。 More and more high­rise buildings are being built in big cities for lack of space. 由于缺乏空间，大城市里正在建造越来越多的高层建筑。 用法归纳 a/the lack of... 缺少…… for/from lack of... 因缺少…… 注意：(1)lack作动词时，后面直接跟宾语；作名词时，后面常用介词of。(2)lacking为形容词，但一般不放在名词前作定语。 词汇拓展 lacking adj. 缺乏的，没有的 be lacking in... 缺少…… 即时训练 单句语法填空 ① Many families live a tough life because of a lack ________ money. ②She felt nervous, increasingly ________(lack) in confidence about herself. 微写作 ③由于缺乏足够的训练，我们在即将到来的比赛中将很难取胜。 (1)________________________, we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(介词短语) (2)________________________, we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(分词作状语) (3)________________________, we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(原因状语从句) 8. announce vt. 宣布，宣告；通知 情景导学 We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again! 我们高兴地宣布，社区体育中心将于近期再度向公众开放! It was announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced.  据宣布，将有新的限速规定出台。 用法归纳 announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布某事 announce that... 宣布……;宣告…… It is announced that... 据宣布…… 词汇拓展 announcement n. 通告；宣布 make an announcement发布公告；宣布消息 announcer n. 播音员；广播员 易混辨析 announce “宣布，宣告”，多指公开宣告大家关心的事 declare “宣布，声明”，比较正式，一般指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度 claim “声称，索要”，用于发表个人意见、索赔等 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①We are pleased to announce ________ all five candidates are successful. ②Today’s ________(announce) of a peace agreement came after weeks of discussion. 微写作 ③请大家安静一下! 我有一个通知要宣布。 Please be quiet, everyone! I ________________________. 9. hesitate vi. 犹豫，迟疑 情景导学 If you want to know more detail, please don’t hesitate to get in touch with me. 如果你想知道更多细节，请立刻与我取得联系。 Don’t hesitate about your decision once you think it over. 只要你考虑清楚了，就不要犹豫你的决定。 用法归纳 hesitate to do sth. 　 做某事有疑虑,不愿意做某事 hesitate about/over sth. 对某事犹豫不决 词汇拓展 hesitation n. 踌躇,迟疑 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事 hesitant adj. 犹豫的 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①In the event of difficulties, please do not hesitate ________(contact) our Customer Service Department.  ②When the girl entered the room, the boy followed without ________(hesitate). 微写作 ③我毫不犹豫地向她推荐了这个工作。 →I recommended the job to her ________________________.  →________________________ in recommending the job to her.  10. admit vt. & vi. 承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入 情景导学 After the first class, however, I had to admit that I had been wrong about tai chi. 然而，第一堂课后，我不得不承认我对太极拳的看法是错误的。 She was admitted as a member of the club. 她被接纳为俱乐部会员。 My dream to be admitted to/into my favorite university will come true. 我被最喜爱的大学录取的梦想将会成为现实。 用法归纳 be admitted as 被接纳为……；作为……被承认 be admitted into/to 被……录取 admit doing/having done sth. 承认做过某事 admit sb./sth.to be+adj./n. 承认某人/某物为…… 词汇拓展 admission n. 承认；供认；入场费；门票费 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①You will not be admitted ________ the theatre after the performance has started. ②They tried to get into the club but were refused ________(admit). 微写作 ③我承认错拿了你的雨伞，我向你道歉。 →________________________________ and I apologize to you. →________________________________ and I apologize to you. 11. inspire vt. 激励，鼓舞；启发思考；使产生(感觉或情感) 情景导学 Just as importantly, practising tai chi has inspired me to explore the Chinese culture behind it. 同样重要的是,练太极拳鼓舞我去探索它背后的中国文化。 Cathy has inspired us with her will and enthusiasm. 凯西用她的意志和热情鼓舞着我们。 用法归纳 inspire sb. with sth.=inspire sth. in sb. 用某事激励某人 inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 be inspired by 受到……的鼓舞/启发 词汇拓展 inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的;有灵感的 inspiration n. 灵感;鼓舞人心的人(或事物) draw (one's) inspiration from... 从……中获得灵感 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①Many poets and artists have drawn their ________ from nature. The ________ scenery of nature can leave them deeply ________.(inspire) ②His encouraging remarks inspired me ________ confidence. 微写作 ③那位父亲讲述了自己年轻时的故事，使儿子产生了自信。 →The father told his own stories of his young age, which ________________________.(inspire...in) →The father told his own stories of his young age, which ________________________.(inspire...with) 12. no wonder不足为奇，并不奇怪 情景导学 No wonder some tai chi moves are named after animals. 难怪有些太极动作是以动物命名的。 用法归纳 (1)No wonder (that)...=It’s no wonder(that)... 难怪……；……不足为奇 I wonder whether (if)/when/why/how... 我想知道是否/什么时候/为什么/怎么…… (2)There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问…… There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事无意义 There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事 即时训练 微写作 ①她在电影中扮演的角色有趣极了！难怪她获得了奥斯卡奖。 What an interesting role she played in the film! ________________________.  ②毫无疑问，他会获得比赛的一等奖。 ________________________ he will win the first prize in the contest.  ③既然我们已经完成了工作，就没有再待下去的必要了,我们还是回家吧。 Now that we have finished our work, ________________ staying any longer; we may as well go home.  ④我想知道你是否可以参加今年9月25日在我们学校礼堂举行的音乐节。 I am ________________ you could attend this year’s music festival to be held in our school hall on September 25th.  13. exist vi. 存在；生活，生存 情景导学 Thanks to the effort of many craftsmen, many traditional Chinese arts and crafts that existed in written records now appear before our eyes. 多亏众多手艺人的努力，许多存在于书面记录中的中国传统手工艺现在出现在了我们眼前。 As is known to us, there exists a generation gap between the young and the old. 众所周知，年轻人和老年人之间存在代沟。 It was hard to exist on the money my father earned at that time. 靠父亲当时挣的钱很难维持生活。 用法归纳 exist in 　　　　　　 存在于……中 exist on 靠……生活(生存) there exist(s) 有…… 词汇拓展 existence n. 存在；生活 come into existence 形成，产生 existing adj. 存在的；现行的 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①As we all know, a man cannot exist ________ only 500 calories a day. ②Do you believe in the ________(exist) of ghost？Perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people. 微写作 ③对于年轻人来说，在这座现代城市里存在着很多机会。 ________________________ for the young people in the modern city. 单元句型 1.句型公式 疑问词+不定式 (教材原句)When to eat is also of great importance.  什么时候吃东西也是很重要的。 Where to hold the meeting hasn't been decided yet. 在哪里开会还没有定下来。 My question is how to sort the garbage. 我的问题是如何进行垃圾分类。 知识总结 (1)“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,疑问词包括疑问代词(who, what, which)和疑问副词(when, where, how)。 (2)能接“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语的常见动词有：advise, ask, consider, decide, discuss, tell, show等。 (3)在“疑问代词+不定式”结构中，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。 (4)“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构可转换为从句。 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①I’m considering who ________(turn) to for help.  ②Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how ________(survive) without friends.  微写作 ③这个男孩太小,不知道在困境中该做什么。 →The boy is too young to know ________________ in trouble.(特殊疑问词+不定式)  →The boy is too young to know ________________ in trouble.(从句)  2.句型公式 when 引导时间状语从句的省略 (教材原句)To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising.  为了防止软组织受伤，你运动时一定要穿合适的衣服和护具。 知识总结 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致, 且从句的谓语动词是系动词be或be的某种形式, 此时从句的主语和be动词可以一同省略。 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①When ________(cross)the street, he was knocked down by a car and got injured. ②When ________(admit) to this school, I had thought I would enjoy an extremely comfortable school life. 微写作 ③沐浴着阳光, 我们在农场摘苹果时又跳又笑。 Bathed in sunshine, we danced and laughed ________________________________. 3.句型公式sb./sth.+be+过去分词+不定式 (教材原句)Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi.  据说13世纪道家的张三丰发明了太极。 Our English Corner is proved to be very helpful and is welcomed by students, teachers and parents.  =It is proved that our English Corner is very helpful and is welcomed by students, teachers and parents.  经证明，我们的英语角很有帮助，受学生、老师和家长的欢迎。 知识总结 不定式的完成式表示该动作已发生。该结构可以转换成:It is/was +过去分词+ that从句。 【注意】“sb./sth.+be+过去分词+不定式”结构 在“sb./sth.+be+过去分词+不定式”结构中，不定式可以是一般式，也可以是完成式。该结构中的常用动词有：say, report, expect, think, believe, consider, prove, suppose等。 即时练习 句型转换/一句多译 ①据报道,事故是昨天早晨7点在一个十字路口发生的。 The accident ________________________ at a crossing at 7 yesterday morning.  ②Some kind of tea, such as green tea or black tea, is said to reduce the risk of cancer.  →________________ some kind of tea, such as green tea or black tea, can reduce the risk of cancer.  单元语法：现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 一. 现在进行时的被动语态 (1)定义: 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的被动动作，强调主语是动作的承受者。 (2)句型结构: 肯定句：主语+am/is/are + being + v-ed+其他. 否定句：主语+am/is/are + not + being + v-ed+其他. 一般疑问：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + being + v-ed +其他？ 特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + am/is/are + being+ v-ed + 其他？ 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 +being + v-ed + 其他？ (3)用法： a. 主语是动作的承受者且动作正在发生或持续。 b. 一种习惯的被动行为，常与always, constantly等频度副词连用，常有赞赏或讨厌等感情色彩。 c. 与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生动作的推测。 (4)注意事项。 (5)特殊用法。 二. 现在完成时的被动语态 (1)定义；现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动动作。表示动作已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。主语为动作的承受者，与谓语动词之间是被动关系，可用by引出动作的发出者。 (2)句型： 肯定句：主语+have/has + been + v-ed+其他. 否定句：主语+have/has + not + been + v-ed+其他. 一般疑问句: Have/Has+主语+ been + v-ed+其他？ 特殊疑问句: 提问主语：疑问词 + have/has + been + v-ed+其他？ 提问其他：疑问词 + 一般疑问句？ (3)用法： a. 动作或状态始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去。 b. 用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作。 c. 其他注意事项。 即时练习 一. 单句语法填空 1. It is reported that many a new house ________(build) at present in the disaster area. 2. The goal of peace ________(pursue) by many nations at this very moment. 3. Interviews ________(conduct) in the meeting room now, so please wait outside. 4. Look! The invaluable ancient vase ________(examine) carefully by a group of experts in the laboratory right now and no one is allowed to enter until they finish. 5. The rare wild animals in the nature reserve ________(observe) by scientists at present. 6. The English in this story has been ________(simplify) to make it easier to understand. 7. The book ________(publish) and you can buy one in the local book store. 8. It ________(announce) that we shall have our final exams next week. 9. Mo Yan’s works ________(translate) into several foreign languages over the past years. 10. The official news says the president’s busy schedule has already ________(organize). 二. 完成句子 1. The workers are painting the wall now. (改为被动语态) → The wall ________ ________ ________ by the workers now. 2. We are discussing how to develop good learning habits in class now. (改为被动语态) →How to develop good learning habits ________ by us in class now. 3. They are building a new school here. (改为被动语态) → A new school ________ ________ ________ here. 4. Students are discussing some useful reading skills in the classroom now.(改为被动语态) →Some useful reading skills ________ ________ ________ by students in the classroom now. 5. We are repairing the old library at present.(改为被动语态) →The old library ________ ________ ________ by us at present. 6. Our school drama club has performed two short plays this term.(用被动语态改写) ________________________________________________________________ 7. We have planted many trees around our school in recent years. (改为被动语态) → Many trees ________________ around our school in recent years. 8. The local government has built several new libraries in the community recently.(改为被动语态) → Several new libraries ________ ________ ________ by the local government in the community recently. 9. Someone has repaired the computer.(改为被动语态) → The computer ________ ________ ________. 10. We have made great progress in English learning in the past few months.(用被动语态改写) ________________________________________________________________ 三 语篇语法填空 Li Ming: Hi, Lin Tao, it’s several months since we (1)________(meet) last time. You said you were tired of your work and you would find a new job. What are you doing now? Lin Tao: Oh, I (2)________(train) for the work in the supermarket in the past two months. A supermarket (3)________(build) in our town now, and it will be open in about two months. Li Ming: Oh, that’s great. I know your parents (4)________(work) in Wuhan for about two months. Can you tell me something there after the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia? Lin Tao: Of course. Since the disease happened, many soldiers (5)________(send) there, and many kinds of supplies (6)________(carry) there from all over the country. Now, most people there (7)________(live) a happy life again. Li Ming: Sorry, Lin Tao. I will go to the centre stadium, where the spring sports meeting (8)________(hold) at the moment. There is something wrong with my car and it (9)________(repair). I (10)________(lose) weight recently, so I’d like to go there on foot. Lin Tao: I see. Then I wish you a good day! Li Ming: Bye! (时间：40分钟) Ⅰ.单词拼写 1. When someone gets a prize, we should say “C________! ” to him. 2. You are most likely to keep your weight down if you include walking into your daily ________(常规). 3. My brother always ________(趋向，易于) to be curious about everything around. 4. You should apologize to your mother, as she has done nothing wrong to ________(阻挡，防止) you from Internet addiction. 5. Parents should face the fact that most children are of a________ intelligence. 6. Never will I forget that poem and the i________(灵感) it provided for my first novel. 7. As soon as we arrived on the island, we were eager to e________(探险). 8. Please don’t h________ to contact me if you have any questions. 9. My deskmate Wang Tao is so outstanding that we are sure he will be a________ into Peking University or Qinghua University. 10. When the successful woman reached her seventies, she looked backed on her career with great ________(满意). Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1. After all the delays, we were anxious to make ________ for lost time. (用适当的词填空) 2. ________(jog) is perhaps an effective way of keeping you slim. 3. ________(lack) enthusiasm for sports, she rejected the invitation to a football game. 4. In the northern state of Astrakhan, the forest department is using drones(无人机) to keep track of animals’ ________(move). 5. All the players need full sports ________(equip) before the match starts. 6. The ________(injure) to their key player could be a decisive factor in the game. 7. I like to live in the countryside where the air is good to ________(breath) . 8. When ________(invite) to a party we do not feel comfortable attending, we can say no. It does not mean rejecting friendship but rather communicating our limits. 9. Li decided out of love to return it to the wild, a decision ________(root) in respect rather than possession. 10. There ________(exist) many effective ways to enrich our after-school spare time. Ⅲ.短语填空 behind the scenes              not to mention        in addition to           do justice to over the long term             do wonders            pull up                 stick with put the finishing touches to     make up for            in response to 1. It’s far too late for you to go out and play football, ________ the fact that it’s raining. 2. ________ working with the animals, there are also opportunities to explore the beautiful scenery in the area. 3. The red car ________ too fast and hit the shoulder of the road. 4. Frankly speaking, the introduction to Selected Poems ________ the talented poet 5. It’s an exciting opportunity to learn what goes on ________. 6. ________, such measures will only worsen the situations 7. The old professor is ________ his painting. 8. Fortunately, the good weather ________ the bad organization and everyone enjoyed themselves a lot 9. ________ public needs, the government has passed laws to limit tobacco(烟草) production. 10. If you’re in a job that keeps you busy and confident, ________ it. Ⅳ.完成句子 1. 我很兴奋，也非常紧张。我不知道将面临什么。 I was very excited but also quite nervous. I didn't know ________________________. 2. 如果你方便的话，我希望你能接受我们的邀请，也希望你能给我们提供一些建议。 We hope ________________________________________________________________. 3. 既然这样，讨论这个问题就毫无意义了。 In that case, ________________________ the problem. 4.现在不必告诉我你的答案。好好思考一下再让我知道。 ________________________________ now. Give it some thought and then let me know. 5. 据报道，我们市这个周日将举办中国剪纸艺术展。 It is reported that our city will hold a Chinese paper­cutting show this Sunday. ＝Our city ________________________ a Chinese paper­cutting show this Sunday. 6. 尽管这些天埋头书中，我还是加入了几个学生俱乐部来提高自己。 ________________________ these days, I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself. Ⅴ.阅读理解 A We all know that exercise is good for our body. It helps us build a strong heart and keep a healthy weight. But did you know that exercise is also great for your brain? Recent studies show that physical activity can actually change the brain in some amazing ways, making us think better and feel happier. The first change is about the brain’s ability to learn and remember. When we exercise, our heart sends more blood to the brain, carrying oxygen and important food. This helps the brain cells grow and become stronger. Scientists have found that a part of the brain called the hippocampus(海马体), which is very important for memory, gets larger in people who exercise often. This means these people may find it easier to learn new things and get higher scores on tests. Besides a better memory, exercise is also a powerful way to improve our mood. During and after physical activity, the brain produces more “feel-good” chemicals. These natural brain chemicals help to reduce feelings of worry and stress. You don’t need to run a long way to get the result. Even a short walk or some simple sports can make you feel more relaxed and happy. So, how can you add more exercise to your life? You don’t have to be an athlete. The key is to find an activity you enjoy. It could be walking or riding a bike to school, joining a dance club, or just playing ball games with friends in the park. Try to be active for at least 30 minutes most days. In short, exercise is not just about building a healthy body. It is also one of the most effective ways to build a healthier, happier, and smarter brain. Next time you need a break from study, perhaps going out for some exercise is the best choice. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Exercise is the best way to build a strong body. B. Exercise has great effects on the brain as it does on the body. C. Students should spend more time playing sports. D. The hippocampus is the most important part of the brain. 2. According to Paragraph 2, how does exercise help us learn better? A. By making us feel happier and more relaxed. B. By helping brain cells grow stronger in the hippocampus. C. By allowing the heart to send less blood to the brain. D. By making us want to learn new things. 3. How does exercise help to improve our mood? A. By bringing more blood and oxygen to the brain during physical activity. B. By helping our brain learn new things and remember information better. C. By making the hippocampus, an important part for memory, become larger. D. By producing natural brain chemicals that reduce feelings of worry and stress. 4. What does the author suggest for adding exercise to our life? A. We must become excellent athletes. B. We should run a long way every day. C. We need to find an activity we enjoy. D. We have to join a school sports team. B After years spent running and dieting, Casey Johnston came across a post about weightlifting. “I don’t lift to be attractive. I lift to be strong,” Johnston recalls one devoted powerlifter posting. “Liar,” Johnston thought to herself. “After all, isn’t attractiveness the reason why most people work out?” Johnston wanted to look attractive in college. She tried, at first, just dieting. That didn’t get her all the way to where she thought she should be — weightwise. Then she started running. She was running more and more and eating less and less, but sort of staying in the same place. She just had the impression that she should always be losing weight. Then she learned that what had happened through all of this weight-loss pursuit was that she had dieted and exercised away all of her lean body mass(去脂体重). She thought her muscles were just there waiting to be uncovered if she lost enough weight. It turned out that, actually, if you aren’t protecting your muscles actively, they can go away. While running, Johnston found it punishing, but it was a way to achieve one goal that consumed her: not being fat. She had absorbed the cultural message that the purpose of exercise was to make her as small as possible. Johnston admits that she was first drawn to weightlifting for the same reason. But gradually, she discovered strength training could offer more. She says lifting weights helped repair her disordered eating and allowed her to enjoy food. “When I gave it a chance, with these basic elements, I found it transformative. That work of looking closer and listening to myself is worth the time,” she shares. “Most importantly, it changed my attitude about my own body, from one centered on denial of pleasure to a relationship that now embraces movement, rest and eating equally. My body could feel good, even powerful.” 5. How did Johnston find the post at first? A. Inspiring. B. Ordinary. C. Unconvincing. D. Innovative. 6. What was the outcome of Johnston’s dieting and running in college? A. She became too weak to study. B. She gained more lean body mass. C. She lost more weight than planned. D. She didn’t look the way she had expected. 7. Why did Johnston start to learn to lift weights? A. For education. B. For weight loss. C. For entertainment. D. For cultural exchange. 8. What is the focus of the last paragraph? A. How weightlifting benefited Johnston. B. How Johnston became more attractive. C. How Johnston trained for weightlifting. D. How exercise pressure affected Johnston. Ⅵ.完形填空 Several years ago, when I was living in New York, I decided it was time to get my middle-aged self back in shape. The gym near my house was tiny. I was the 1 person there and I felt 2 as I did my push-ups(俯卧撑) among all the big and robust guys. However, nobody really seemed to notice me. So I continued showing up, because I could tell I was making 3 — I was getting stronger than before. One day, I was on my 4 machine — the assisted pull-up machine. I enjoyed it because it was not so hard for me. I had just 5 a set when a huge guy walked up to me and asked, “Why are you always doing assisted pull-ups?” I looked at him, feeling so 6 that I tried to search for an answer. “Because I can’t do real ones,” I finally 7 . “You can. You are strong,” he said with a big smile. “Get over here, and I’ll 8 you.” We walked over to the real pull-up bar, and then he 9 how to do it. He watched me carefully. Then he told me to come back the next day and continue to try a real one. So I did. “Keep practicing,” he told me. “By the end of the month, you’ll be 10 to do four or five.” After that day, I started to love going to that gym. I was 11 the weakest one there, but I could do pull-ups: First two, then nine. When I stopped 12 looking foolish, I started asking others in the gym questions. There were teachers everywhere in that gym as long as I was willing to ask for 13 . By the time I 14 New York, I had been certified(认证) as a personal 15 , so I could teach other women what I’d learned in that gym. 1. A. heaviest B. weakest C. oldest D. shortest 2. A. out of place B. out of shape C. out of order D. out of trouble 3. A. sense B. history C. progress D. differences 4. A. new B. personal C. typical D. favorite 5. A. designed B. finished C. imagined D. selected 6. A. embarrassed B. guilty C. desperate D. pitiful 7. A. quit B. realized C. nodded D. admitted 8. A. persuade B. show C. promise D. defeat 9. A. explained B. repeated C. reviewed D. learned 10. A. ready B. willing C. eager D. bound 11. A. yet B. still C. ever D. never 12. A. talking about B. hoping for C. worrying about D. caring for 13. A. choices B. cooperation C. challenges D. guidance 14. A. forgot B. left C. reached D. missed 15. A. trainer B. conductor C. advisor D. leader Ⅶ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Running is good for your health. It may not only help you get into shape, but also help you live longer. According to research that 1 (do) in the US recently, runners are usually much 2 (healthy) than non-runners. Actually, runners live, on average, three years longer than non-runners. Running may be good exercise, but it can be difficult on the body. Here 3 (be) some commonly shared ideas among fitness experts for people running often. Do not run too much, too soon or too fast. Your running intensity(强度) should keep up 4 your recovery level. Most people get running injuries when they push 5 (they) too hard. It will take time 6 (recover) fully. Get good running shoes. You should find the shoes 7 offer the best fit and support for your feet. It is also the reason why you should have a new pair of shoes on a regular basis, every 500 to 800 kilometers. After each run, write down notes about what you did and 8 you felt. You may find that your knees hurt when you run sometimes. Or perhaps you feel great and 9 (power) when you have a rest between running days. These notes will 10 (obvious) make a difference to your following running plans. ( 1 / 10 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $