Unit 1 Period2 Discovering Useful Structures（知识清单）英语人教版必修第二册

该高中英语知识清单系统梳理了限制性定语从句的语法体系。从核心要素（先行词、关系词）出发，依次讲解关系代词（who/whom/which/that/whose）和关系副词（when/where/why）的用法，再到两者互换规则及与非限制性定语从句的对比，构建递进式学习支架。 知识链路按“基础要素—具体考点—易错辨析—综合应用”逻辑展开，通过对比表格、易错警示和分层习题（填空、判断、合并句子）帮助学生掌握关系词选择。注重提升语言能力（准确运用语法规则）、思维品质（分析从句成分）和学习能力（系统归纳语法规律），便于学生理解记忆和灵活运用。

Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Discovering Useful structures Discovering Useful Structures——限制性定语从句 一、语法概述——定语从句核心要素 要素 说明 示例 先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词 This is the place where we met.（先行词为place） 关系词 引导定语从句的词（关系代词/关系副词），作用有三：①引导从句；②替代先行词；③在从句中充当成分 The scientist who studied the relics...（who替代scientist，在从句中作主语） 二、关系代词考点清单 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中充当的成分 能否省略 who 人 主语、宾语（作宾语时可与whom互换） 作宾语时可省 whom 人 宾语（正式文体，介词后必须用whom） 作宾语时可省 which 物 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省 that 人或物 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省 whose 人或物 定语（表所属关系，意为“……的”） 不可省略 1. that 与 which 的核心区别 易错点：以下情况只能用 that，不能用 which。 只能用 that 的情况 示例 先行词被序数词（first, last等）或形容词最高级修饰 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few等不定代词 All that we need is more time. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰 This is the only relic that survived. 先行词既有人又有物 They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited. 先行词为 who, which 开头的特殊疑问句，避免重复 Who is the man that is standing there? 2. whom 的用法注意 易错点：介词后面只能用 whom（指人）/ which（指物），不能用 who 或 that。 例：✔ This is the expert with whom I worked. ✘ This is the expert with who I worked. 3. whose 的替换 指人时：whose + n. 可替换为 the + n. + of whom 指物时：whose + n. 可替换为 the + n. + of which 例：I know the boy whose father is a professor. = I know the boy the father of whom is a professor. 三、关系副词考点清单 关系副词 指代对象 在从句中充当的成分 可替换为 when 时间（day, time, year, age等） 时间状语 in/on/at/during + which where 地点（place, house, city, room等） 地点状语 in/at/on + which why 原因（reason） 原因状语 for + which 1. 关系副词的选择依据 核心原则：关系词的选择取决于先行词在从句中充当什么成分。 先行词在从句中作状语（即从句主干完整，不缺少主语或宾语）→ 用关系副词（when/where/why） 先行词在从句中作主语或宾语（即从句主干缺少主语或宾语）→ 用关系代词（who/which/that） 2. 高频易错——同一个先行词，不同成分，不同关系词 先行词 在从句中作状语（用关系副词） 在从句中作宾语（用关系代词） day（时间） I remember the day when we first met.（we first met on the day） I remember the day that/which we spent together.（we spent the day） place（地点） This is the place where I grew up.（I grew up in the place） This is the place that/which I visited.（I visited the place） reason（原因） Can you tell me the reason why he was late?（he was late for the reason） He explained the reason that/which he hadn't mentioned.（he hadn't mentioned the reason） 四、关系代词与关系副词互换——介词 + which/whom “介词 + which/whom”引导的定语从句 是关系副词用法的延伸和考试重点。 考点 说明 示例 介词选择 介词取决于：①先行词的搭配；②从句中动词的搭配；③句意逻辑 This is the house in which I lived.（live in the house） 介词后不用that/who 介词后指物用which，指人用whom，不能用that或who ✔ the man to whom I spoke；✘ the man to that I spoke 介词提前时关系词不可省 关系代词作介词宾语且介词提前时，关系代词不能省略 This is the expert with whom I worked.（with不可省） 介词不提前时关系词可省 介词放在从句末尾时，关系代词可省略（介词后没有宾语） This is the expert (whom) I worked with. 【即学即练1——用适当的关系词填空】 1.This is the temple ______ was built 1,000 years ago. 2.I will never forget the day ______ I visited the Great Wall. 3.The boy ______ father is a famous archaeologist is my classmate. 4.All ______ I need is a peaceful place to study. 5.The scientist ______ you talked to just now is from UNESCO. 【参考答案】 1.that/which（作主语，指物） 2.when（作时间状语） 3.whose（作定语，表“……的父亲”） 4.that（先行词为all，只能用that） 5.who/whom/that（作宾语，指人，可省略） 【即学即练2——判断下列句子正误，并改正错误】 1.This is the museum where we visited last week. — 正误：______ → 改正：______ 2.He is the man which I admire most. — 正误：______ → 改正：______ 3.I know the reason that he gave was not true. — 正误：______ → 改正：______ 4.The book that cover is red is mine. — 正误：______ → 改正：______ 5.The teacher with that I discussed the issue is very kind. — 正误：______ → 改正：______ 6.I will never forget the day when we spent together. — 正误：______ → 改正：______ 【参考答案】 1.✘ → where 改为 which/that（visited缺宾语，作宾语用that/which） 2.✘ → which 改为 who/whom/that（指人不用which） 3.✔（that在从句中作gave的宾语，正确） 4.✘ → that 改为 whose（cover与book属所属关系，用whose） 5.✘ → that 改为 whom（介词后用whom，不用that） 6.✘ → when 改为 that/which（spent缺宾语，作宾语用that/which） 五、限制性定语从句 VS 非限制性定语从句（预习提示） 对比项 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 与先行词关系 紧密，不可省略（省略后句意不完整） 松散，可省略（省略后句意仍完整） 书写格式 无逗号与主句隔开 有逗号与主句隔开 关系词 可用that, who, whom, which, whose, when, where, why 不可用that，指人用who/whom，指物用which 能否省略 作宾语时可省略 不可省略 翻译 译为“……的” 译为并列句（“这……”或“它……”） 先行词 修饰一个具体名词 可修饰一个具体名词或整个主句 例（限制性）：The man who is wearing a hat is my teacher.（戴帽子的那个人是我的老师。——不戴帽子的不是我老师？限定了范围） 例（非限制性）：The man, who is wearing a hat, is my teacher.（那个人是我的老师，他戴着帽子。——只是补充信息，帽子不重要） 六、易错易混点归纳 （一）关系词选择易混 易混点 错因 正确判断 when vs. which/that 看到先行词是time/day就选when 看先行词在从句中作状语还是宾语 where vs. which/that 看到先行词是place就选where 看先行词在从句中作状语还是宾语 why vs. which/that 看到先行词是reason就选why 看先行词在从句中作状语还是宾语 whose vs. which/that 分不清是否表所属关系 从句中已有主语和宾语，缺少“……的”修饰名词时用whose （二）介词+关系词易混 1. 介词位置的灵活性 例：✔ This is the house in which I lived for 20 years.（正式） ✔ This is the house which I lived in for 20 years.（口语） ✔ This is the house where I lived for 20 years.（最简洁） 2. 介词选择的依据——三层逻辑判断 判断依据 示例 看先行词的习惯搭配 This is the way in which we solve it.（与way搭配常用in） 看从句中谓语动词的搭配 The topic about which we talked is interesting.（talk about） 看句意逻辑 The box in which I put my books is red.（放进盒子里，用in） 3. 介词后关系词不能是that或who 例：✔ the man to whom I spoke；✘ the man to that I spoke （三）易错句汇编 易错句（✘） 正确表达（✔） The person which I admire is my mother. The person who/whom/that I admire is my mother. This is the book who I bought. This is the book which/that I bought. I know the boy his father is a doctor. I know the boy whose father is a doctor. I will never forget the day when we spent together. I will never forget the day which we spent together. This is the museum where I visited. This is the museum which/that I visited.（visited缺宾语） The man with that I worked is kind. The man with whom I worked is kind. She lives in a house, which windows face south. She lives in a house, whose windows face south. He didn't pass the exam, that surprised me. He didn't pass the exam, which surprised me.（非限制性定语从句不用that） 【即学即练3——综合填空（用适当的关系词填空）】 1.The woman ______ spoke to us was very friendly. 2.The house ______ they live in is very old. 3.The boy ______ bike was stolen is crying. 4.This is the reason ______ he was absent from school. 5.The museum ______ we visited yesterday is famous for its ancient relics. 6.I will never forget the day ______ we spent in the village. 7.The expert ______ whom we discussed the project is from Beijing. 8.He is the only one ______ knows the truth. 【参考答案】 1.who/that（作主语，指人） 2.which/that（作in的宾语，指物，可省略） 3.whose（作定语，表“……的自行车”） 4.why/for which（作原因状语）/ that/which（若作宾语也可，但此处通常填why） 5.which/that（作visited的宾语，指物） 6.which/that（作spent的宾语，指物；注意不是when！） 7.with（介词后接whom，固定搭配discuss with） 8.that（先行词被the only修饰，只能用that） 【即学即练4——将下列两个简单句合并为一个含定语从句的复合句】 1.The man is my teacher. He is standing over there. 2.This is the house. I lived in it ten years ago. 3.I know the girl. Her mother is a famous archaeologist. 4.I will never forget the day. We got to know each other on that day. 5.She didn't tell me the reason. She left for that reason. 【参考答案】 1.The man who/that is standing over there is my teacher. 2.This is the house (that/which) I lived in ten years ago. / This is the house in which I lived ten years ago. / This is the house where I lived ten years ago. 3.I know the girl whose mother is a famous archaeologist. 4.I will never forget the day when/on which we got to know each other. 5.She didn't tell me the reason why/for which she left. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Discovering Useful structures 一、语法概述——定语从句核心要素 要素 说明 示例 先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词 This is the place where we met.（先行词为place） 关系词 引导定语从句的词（关系代词/关系副词），作用有三：①引导从句；②替代先行词；③在从句中充当成分 The scientist who studied the relics...（who替代scientist，在从句中作主语） 二、关系代词考点清单 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中充当的成分 能否省略 who 人 主语、宾语（作宾语时可与whom互换） 作宾语时可省 whom 人 宾语（正式文体，介词后必须用whom） 作宾语时可省 which 物 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省 that 人或物 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省 whose 人或物 定语（表所属关系，意为“……的”） 不可省略 1. that 与 which 的核心区别 易错点：以下情况只能用 that，不能用 which。 只能用 that 的情况 示例 先行词被序数词（first, last等）或形容词最高级修饰 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few等不定代词 All that we need is more time. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰 This is the only relic that survived. 先行词既有人又有物 They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited. 先行词为 who, which 开头的特殊疑问句，避免重复 Who is the man that is standing there? 2. whom 的用法注意 易错点：介词后面只能用 whom（指人）/ which（指物），不能用 who 或 that。 例：✔ This is the expert with whom I worked. ✘ This is the expert with who I worked. 3. whose 的替换 指人时：whose + n. 可替换为 the + n. + of whom 指物时：whose + n. 可替换为 the + n. + of which 例：I know the boy whose father is a professor. = I know the boy the father of whom is a professor. 三、关系副词考点清单 关系副词 指代对象 在从句中充当的成分 可替换为 when 时间（day, time, year, age等） 时间状语 in/on/at/during + which where 地点（place, house, city, room等） 地点状语 in/at/on + which why 原因（reason） 原因状语 for + which 1. 关系副词的选择依据 核心原则：关系词的选择取决于先行词在从句中充当什么成分。 先行词在从句中作状语（即从句主干完整，不缺少主语或宾语）→ 用关系副词（when/where/why） 先行词在从句中作主语或宾语（即从句主干缺少主语或宾语）→ 用关系代词（who/which/that） 2. 高频易错——同一个先行词，不同成分，不同关系词 先行词 在从句中作状语（用关系副词） 在从句中作宾语（用关系代词） day（时间） I remember the day when we first met.（we first met on the day） I remember the day that/which we spent together.（we spent the day） place（地点） This is the place where I grew up.（I grew up in the place） This is the place that/which I visited.（I visited the place） reason（原因） Can you tell me the reason why he was late?（he was late for the reason） He explained the reason that/which he hadn't mentioned.（he hadn't mentioned the reason） 四、关系代词与关系副词互换——介词 + which/whom “介词 + which/whom”引导的定语从句 是关系副词用法的延伸和考试重点。 考点 说明 示例 介词选择 介词取决于：①先行词的搭配；②从句中动词的搭配；③句意逻辑 This is the house in which I lived.（live in the house） 介词后不用that/who 介词后指物用which，指人用whom，不能用that或who ✔ the man to whom I spoke；✘ the man to that I spoke 介词提前时关系词不可省 关系代词作介词宾语且介词提前时，关系代词不能省略 This is the expert with whom I worked.（with不可省） 介词不提前时关系词可省 介词放在从句末尾时，关系代词可省略（介词后没有宾语） This is the expert (whom) I worked with. 【即学即练1——用适当的关系词填空】 1.This is the temple ______ was built 1,000 years ago. 2.I will never forget the day ______ I visited the Great Wall. 3.The boy ______ father is a famous archaeologist is my classmate. 4.All ______ I need is a peaceful place to study. 5.The scientist ______ you talked to just now is from UNESCO. 【即学即练2——判断下列句子正误，并改正错误】 1.This is the museum where we visited last week. — 正误：______ → 改正：______ 2.He is the man which I admire most. — 正误：______ → 改正：______ 3.I know the reason that he gave was not true. — 正误：______ → 改正：______ 4.The book that cover is red is mine. — 正误：______ → 改正：______ 5.The teacher with that I discussed the issue is very kind. — 正误：______ → 改正：______ 6.I will never forget the day when we spent together. — 正误：______ → 改正：______ 五、限制性定语从句 VS 非限制性定语从句（预习提示） 对比项 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 与先行词关系 紧密，不可省略（省略后句意不完整） 松散，可省略（省略后句意仍完整） 书写格式 无逗号与主句隔开 有逗号与主句隔开 关系词 可用that, who, whom, which, whose, when, where, why 不可用that，指人用who/whom，指物用which 能否省略 作宾语时可省略 不可省略 翻译 译为“……的” 译为并列句（“这……”或“它……”） 先行词 修饰一个具体名词 可修饰一个具体名词或整个主句 例（限制性）：The man who is wearing a hat is my teacher.（戴帽子的那个人是我的老师。——不戴帽子的不是我老师？限定了范围） 例（非限制性）：The man, who is wearing a hat, is my teacher.（那个人是我的老师，他戴着帽子。——只是补充信息，帽子不重要） 六、易错易混点归纳 （一）关系词选择易混 易混点 错因 正确判断 when vs. which/that 看到先行词是time/day就选when 看先行词在从句中作状语还是宾语 where vs. which/that 看到先行词是place就选where 看先行词在从句中作状语还是宾语 why vs. which/that 看到先行词是reason就选why 看先行词在从句中作状语还是宾语 whose vs. which/that 分不清是否表所属关系 从句中已有主语和宾语，缺少“……的”修饰名词时用whose （二）介词+关系词易混 1. 介词位置的灵活性 例：✔ This is the house in which I lived for 20 years.（正式） ✔ This is the house which I lived in for 20 years.（口语） ✔ This is the house where I lived for 20 years.（最简洁） 2. 介词选择的依据——三层逻辑判断 判断依据 示例 看先行词的习惯搭配 This is the way in which we solve it.（与way搭配常用in） 看从句中谓语动词的搭配 The topic about which we talked is interesting.（talk about） 看句意逻辑 The box in which I put my books is red.（放进盒子里，用in） 3. 介词后关系词不能是that或who 例：✔ the man to whom I spoke；✘ the man to that I spoke （三）易错句汇编 易错句（✘） 正确表达（✔） The person which I admire is my mother. The person who/whom/that I admire is my mother. This is the book who I bought. This is the book which/that I bought. I know the boy his father is a doctor. I know the boy whose father is a doctor. I will never forget the day when we spent together. I will never forget the day which we spent together. This is the museum where I visited. This is the museum which/that I visited.（visited缺宾语） The man with that I worked is kind. The man with whom I worked is kind. She lives in a house, which windows face south. She lives in a house, whose windows face south. He didn't pass the exam, that surprised me. He didn't pass the exam, which surprised me.（非限制性定语从句不用that） 【即学即练3——综合填空（用适当的关系词填空）】 1.The woman ______ spoke to us was very friendly. 2.The house ______ they live in is very old. 3.The boy ______ bike was stolen is crying. 4.This is the reason ______ he was absent from school. 5.The museum ______ we visited yesterday is famous for its ancient relics. 6.I will never forget the day ______ we spent in the village. 7.The expert ______ whom we discussed the project is from Beijing. 8.He is the only one ______ knows the truth. 【即学即练4——将下列两个简单句合并为一个含定语从句的复合句】 1.The man is my teacher. He is standing over there. 2.This is the house. I lived in it ten years ago. 3.I know the girl. Her mother is a famous archaeologist. 4.I will never forget the day. We got to know each other on that day. 5.She didn't tell me the reason. She left for that reason. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $