Unit 2 Wildlife Protection人与自然：动物保护（时文阅读精练）英语人教版必修第二册

**基本信息** 以“野生动物保护”为主题，整合阅读、词汇、真题与实战演练，构建“现象-问题-解决”的知识逻辑链，提升语言能力与跨文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读精练|1篇单元阅读|说明文，聚焦大象社会行为与保护|从动物特征到社群文化，建立生物认知基础| |词汇积累|20+核心词汇|主题相关词汇（如heritage, survival）|围绕“保护”主题，构建词汇网络| |真题链接|1道高考真题|2024全国甲卷阅读理解B篇，动物行为分析|衔接高考命题，强化语篇理解能力| |实战演练|8篇语篇（阅读/完形/语法）|多体裁（记叙/说明），涵盖海龟救助、候鸟保护等|从具体案例到解决方案，培养问题解决思维|

Unit 2 Wildlife Protection人与自然：动物保护 单元阅读精练 As well as impressive physical attributes, elephants have a rich cultural heritage, passed down through customs and social behaviour which is learned, remembered, and shared within their herds. This is possible partly because of their social structure. Elephants live in complex, tightly knit, multigenerational societies, led by older females known as matriarchs. Younger elephants observe and mimic the behaviour of their elders, learning through experience. It helps that the herd does almost everything together, from foraging and feeding to raising each others' young. These interactions lead to deep long-lasting relationships, which can last for decades. Possibly because of these bonds, elephants seem to have emotional capacity. Just like humans, the creatures have been seen displaying signs of grief. When an elephant dies, others in the herd have been observed to repeatedly return to where the individual passed, which is said to be part of a mourning ritual. They may sniff and touch the carcass and bones and cover the site with leaves and sand. Moreover, a 2020 study by researchers Goldenberg and Wittemyer found that "elephants show broad interest in their dead regardless of the strength of former relationships with the dead individual", which may indicate advanced sentience, the scientists say. There's a saying found in many languages – 'an elephant never forgets'. In fact, memory has been essential to the survival of some elephant herds. A study within Great Kruger National Park found that, during an extreme drought in 2016, elephant groups led by matriarchs who had previously lived through a severe drought, had higher survival rates. Researchers concluded that the matriarchs likely remembered where sources of water could be located. So, count yourself lucky that you live on the same planet as these immense majestic animals. 【译文欣赏】 除了令人印象深刻的身体特征外，大象还拥有丰富的文化遗产，通过习俗和社会行为传承下来，在它们的群体中学习、记忆和分享。 这在一定程度上是因为他们的社会结构。大象生活在复杂、紧密、多代的社会中，由被称为母系的年长女性领导。年幼的大象观察并模仿年长大象的行为，通过经验学习。这有助于牛群几乎一起做所有事情，从觅食和喂养到养育彼此的幼崽。这些互动带来了深厚而持久的关系，这种关系可以持续几十年。 可能是因为这些联系，大象似乎有情感能力。就像人类一样，这些生物也表现出悲伤的迹象。当一头大象死亡时，观察到群中的其他大象会反复回到个体经过的地方，据说这是哀悼仪式的一部分。它们可能会嗅闻并触摸尸体和骨头，并用树叶和沙子覆盖现场。此外，科学家们说，研究人员Goldenberg和Wittemyer在2020年的一项研究发现，“大象对它们的尸体表现出广泛的兴趣，而不管以前与死者的关系有多强”，这可能表明它们具有高级感知能力。 许多语言中都有一句谚语——“大象永远不会忘记”。事实上，记忆对一些象群的生存至关重要。大克鲁格国家公园内的一项研究发现，在2016年的一次极端干旱期间，由之前经历过严重干旱的母系领导的大象群体的存活率更高。研究人员得出结论，女族长可能记得水源的位置。 所以，你和这些巨大的雄伟动物生活在同一个星球上，真是幸运。 【词汇积累】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 physical attribute 身体特征 heritage 遗产 custom 习俗 social behaviour 社群行为 herd （兽）群 social structure 社群结构 tightly knit 联系紧密的 multigenerational 多代共存的 matriarch （象群中的）年长母象 mimic 模仿 elder 长辈 raise 抚养，喂养 long-lasting 持久的 bond 联系 emotional capacity 情感能力 grief 悲痛，悲伤 pass 死亡 mourning ritual 哀悼的仪式 sentience 感知能力 survival 生存 drought 干旱 survival rate 存活率 【知识拓展】 大象体型庞大，令人惊叹，但其特别之处远不止如此。其实，象群中存在一种社群文化，它们多代群居共生，年轻的大象向年长的大象学习。科学家们还发现，当一头大象死亡时，其它的象群成员会一同表示哀悼。此外，大象还拥有惊人的记忆力，事实证明这个能力有助其生存。 【词汇延伸】 cultural heritage文化遗产 social structure社会结构；社会架构；社会建构；社群结构 【高考真题链接】 （一） （2024·全国甲阅读理解B篇）Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help,  scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 1．What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A．It's a survival skill. B．It's taught by mother cats. C．It's hard to interpret. D．It's getting louder with age. 2．How does a pet cat assess different situations? A．By listening for sounds. B．By touching familiar objects. C．By checking on smells. D．By communicating with other cats. 3．Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A．Perform appropriately. B．Move faster. C．Act strangely. D．Do better. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B．Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C．Have Fun with Your Cat D．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 274 斯里兰卡志愿者Indika联合国际志愿者机构建立基金会，开展海龟救助、人工孵化工作，大幅提升小海龟存活率，呼吁全民参与海洋生物保护 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 354 工业、城市开发侵占候鸟迁徙中途栖息地，91%迁徙鸟类途经危险区域；呼吁各国协作设立鸟类安全停歇地，城市种植本土植物改善鸟类生存环境 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 317 实验证明交通噪音会降低斑胸草雀孵化率，减缓雏鸟生长、损伤血细胞，成年后繁育数量减半，科学家将进一步探究噪音中有害的具体因素 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 343 详细介绍宠物犬DNA检测，包含检测原理、试剂盒选购、口腔拭子采样、送检流程与检测报告涵盖的品种、遗传健康信息 Passage5 阅读理解 说明文 343 详细介绍宠物犬DNA检测，包含检测原理、试剂盒选购、口腔拭子采样、送检流程与检测报告涵盖的品种、遗传健康信息 Passage6 完形填空 记叙文 292 收容所失明小狗Tabby被患有癫痫男孩收养，小狗能提前感知男孩发病并预警，二者互相陪伴、双向治愈 Passage7 语法填空 记叙文 249 一名自然摄影师在黄石国家公园采风，偶遇黑熊，惊险按下快门，记录下极具冲击力的野外动物摄影瞬间 Passage8 语法填空 说明文 249 数十年来应试教育忽视生活劳动技能，教育部新增独立“实践活动”课程，每周至少一课时，说明实操技能对塑造人格的重要意义 Passage 1 （22-23高一下·云南昭通·期末）Sea turtles are considered a national treasure in Sri Lanka. However, in recent years, the sea turtles have faced great challenges. Growing up on the beach, Chamara Indika, 35, was worried about it. In the beginning, he devoted himself to the protection of sea turtles as a volunteer. He gave his spare time to raise awareness of caring for sea turtles and carried out sea turtle protection and rescue missions. Later, he decided that this was not a long-term solution. “One person’s abilities are very limited and I wanted to make real changes,” said Indika. By chance, Jack Xiao, the founder of Chinese YIK International Volunteers (YIKIV), reached out to Indika and offered his help to protect sea turtles. With his assistance, Indika set up the NilManel Foundation in Sri Lanka. The organization provides professional training and guidance for the volunteers, spreads knowledge of turtle and carries out conservation activities. Volunteers can then work to spread their new knowledge to more people. At first, the volunteers’ main job was to rescue and care for injured turtles locally. Then they found people and animals eat turtle eggs on the beach. So volunteers started transferring eggs to a protection center with artificial cultivation. It guaranteed higher survival rates. Thanks to their efforts, the survival rate of newborn turtles has reached new highs, and conservation awareness has also increased. Many volunteers now refuse to use straws and plastic bags which cause many turtles to die accidentally. “It made me feel that all my work had paid off. But it was not enough to rely on myself and the current volunteers. It would be important to pass this knowledge down to future generations,” said Indika. With persistence and hard work, Indika firmly believes they will make a difference to the sea turtles. 5．The author introduces the topic of the text by __________. A．discussing a problem B．conveying an idea C．describing a situation D．presenting a belief 6．Indika has done the things to protect sea turtles EXCEPT __________. A．volunteering to protect sea turtles B．founding the Nil Manel Foundation C．setting up the YIK International Volunteers D．raising people’s awareness of taking care of sea turtles 7．Indika’s attitude towards their effort to protect sea turtles is __________. A．doubtful B．optimistic C．negative D．indifferent 8．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Sea Turtles Are Facing Challenges B．Indika Is Protecting Sea Turtles C．Volunteers Are Rescuing Sea Turtles D．Sea Turtles Are Being Protected with Joint Efforts （23-24高一上·四川攀枝花·期末）Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species (物种) are in danger because their habitats (栖息地) are disappearing. Traditional migration paths take birds through countries that are not protecting the places for birds to stop, rest and feed. The scientists studied the migration or flight paths of almost 1,500species. They decided that 91 percent of them passed through dangerous areas. The major danger for migratory birds is development. Buildings have covered the places where birds stop and feed as they move from one part of the world to another. One of the scientists who worked on the study says, “Many of these important places have been lost to land reclamation (开垦) because of the development of industrial, agricultural and city construction’s land expansion (扩张)”. The problem, according to scientists, is that many of these small birds die along their migration paths because they don’t have a safe place to feed and rest. There is no place to pick up their energy for the next part of their journey. Countries in North Africa, Central Asia and those along the coasts of East Asia are having the most difficult time in protecting land. The scientists say these countries do not have enough areas that are safe for birds. One species that doesn’t exist now is the Eskimo curlew. “Our world gets poorer every time we lose a species, ”one of the scientists says. The researchers say countries need to work together and come up with safe stopping areas for birds that fly over their countries. For example, one country might have safe areas for migrating birds. But a neighbor country might not. A bird might die. One scientist tells Los Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing, more work can be done to make city areas safe for birds. He says small changes, like planting more native plants or keeping cats out of the areas that birds would be likely to use, could make a big difference. 9．What is the main reason for the disappearance of bird’s habitats? A．Serious illnesses. B．Overuse of land by humans. C．The rising of sea level. D．The change of climate. 10．Many small birds lose their lives on the way of migration mainly because ________. A．they have no safe place to feed and rest B．they have to take a long journey C．they are killed by other animals D．they are harmed by humans 11．According to the last two paragraphs, how should we protect the migrating birds? A．By keeping fewer dogs. B．By repairing their destroyed habitats. C．By changing the birds’ migration habits. D．By improving the conditions on their migration paths. 12．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To ask people to protect the migrating birds. B．To require people to stop their development. C．To tell people that many bird species are in danger. D．To offer some solutions to the problem of birds’ habitats. Passage 3 （23-24高一下·广东中山·期末）If talking near a busy road is tough, think how hard it is to raise a baby bird in that place. Anew experiment on growing birds shows traffic noise has a negative influence on their growth and leads to lifelong harm. Researchers already knew too much noise can disturb breeding birds, making it more difficult for parents to communicate with and care for their nestlings. But it wasn't clear whether the noise itself could directly harm young birds. Mariette, a behavioral ecologist at Deakin University, and her team set out to answer that question with zebra finches held in an aviary (鸟舍) on campus in Melbourne, Australia. For 5 nights they played eggs either road noise or zebra finch songs for several hours. The sounds were kept at a moderate volume of 65 decibel. Other eggs were left in silence. After the eggs hatched, the baby birds received one of two treatments — road noise or zebra finch songs — for another 9 nights. The nestlings heard the sounds in a separate room and then were returned to their nests. Eggs that heard traffic noise hatched 19% less often than those that heard bird songs. As the baby birds developed, they also showed worrying development signs. Those exposed to noise grew slower, and had health problems. Their blood had fewer red blood cells, and their cells were under stress. When they became adults, they had half as many babies as the birds that heard songs when they were young. “I’ve never had such clear results in any experiments before,” Mariette says. How exactly traffic noise harms the young birds remains a mystery. Auditory (听觉的) parts of the brain connect to areas important for development and the regulation of emotion and learning, so it’s likely that noise could disrupt healthy growth. Mariette says she would like to conduct other experiments to learn what aspects of noise are harmful. For example, it could be that hearing constant sound without any rhythm — unlike song — is somehow stressful. 13．What does the underlined word “nestlings” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Baby birds. B．Sick birds. C．Mother birds. D．Birds’ eggs. 14．Why did Mariette and her team conduct the experiment? A．To test the volume of noises on campus. B．To answer a question about zebra finches. C．To compare road noise with zebra finch songs. D．To examine the influence of noise on little birds. 15．How did the noise affect the birds’ growth according to the experiment? A．It made them less stressful. B．It prevented the birds having babies. C．It led to the slow growth of the birds. D．It reduced parent birds 'red blood cells. 16．What is Mariette most likely to study next? A．Functions of the auditory parts of birds’ brains. B．The harmful parts of noise to young birds' growth. C．The impact of rhythmic sounds on birds' development. D．The impact of traffic noise on birds' emotion and learning. .Passage 4 （23-24高一上·福建福州·期末）With the availability of easy-to-use at-home kits (成套工具), DNA testing for dogs has become increasingly popular among dog owners in recent years. It can provide invaluable insights into a dog’s breed, health risks, and even behaviors. DNA testing typically works by analyzing the genetic material found in a sample of cells taken from the inside of your dog’s cheek. This sample is then compared to a database of known breeds and genetic markers associated with certain traits or health conditions. The first step in obtaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type you want. Most companies offer several different types of tests that vary in cost and complexity. For instance, some tests just analyze your dog’s breed composition, while others can assess additional genetic markers associated with certain diseases or behaviors. Then it’s time to collect your dog’s sample using the provided swab (拭子) kit or saliva-collection tube included with most kits. The swab should be gently rubbed inside your pet’s cheek according to the kit’s directions before being placed into the collection container provided by the company. After collecting the sample, it should be mailed back to the laboratory for processing according to instructions given by the company providing the service. Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2 weeks for results to be processed and sent back via email or mail. Results will vary depending on which type of test was purchased, but they generally include detailed information about your pet’s breed composition as well as any potential health risks or behavioral traits associated with their genetics that could affect their overall well-being and quality of life. If you’re looking for an easy way to learn more about your pup’s background without spending too much money, then DNA testing might just be right up your alley. 17．How does DNA testing for dogs typically work? A．By analyzing the dog’s hair and fur. B．By conducting a blood test on the dog. C．By matching the dog’s DNA with a database. D．By studying the dog’s genetic health history. 18．What is the correct order of having an DNA test? ①get the sample processed         ②rub the swab gently ③receive the result         ④select the type of test ⑤place the swab into the container     ⑥mail the sample back to the lab A．④-②-⑤-⑥-①-③ B．④-⑤-①-②-⑥-③ C．④-②-⑤-①-⑥-③ D．④-⑤-②-⑥-①-③ 19．What is the text about? A．A dog advertisement. B．A dog DNA experiment. C．A dog DNA testing survey. D．A dog DNA test kit promotion. Passage 5 （23-24高一下·广东肇庆·期末）City gardens are unique spots in busy cities. Who would not like to take a break from the busy life and visit these peaceful places full of life and colours? 20 They take care of the gardens and turn them into colourful places for all to enjoy. Gardens are reminders that we should slow down and appreciate the beauty of nature. 21 There, the wind hits gently on your face while carrying a refreshing fragrance(香味) of flowers. Sounds calm, right? The sound of nature calms the mind like the little bees humming or leaves whispering to each other in the mild wind. 22 It’s as if they’re telling softly stories of the earth’s wonders for those who care and love to listen to them. These places aren’t just pretty; they are a perfect place to hang out with your family or friends. They are like community centers where everyone is welcome to chat , play games, exercise, and do whatever their heart desires. 23 You can plant your own garden in the backyard and enjoy its quietness. It is scientifically proven that spending time around the greens can affect your mood(心情) positively and help you get mental peace. Everyone should visit city gardens monthly for a peaceful break. Whenever you’re feeling stressed, go to relax in nature. And when you do, don’t forget to give a nod to the gardening service teams. 24 A．They’re making it all possible. B．Imagine walking in a city garden. C．It’s like nature’s own conversation. D．That’s where gardeners are discovered. E．Gardening is nothing less than a treatment. F．What makes them even more special are the gardeners. G．It’s easy to keep these gardens good-looking and lively. Passage 6 完形填空 （23-24高一下·河北唐山·期末）The animal shelter where I worked received an old, blind dog. Based on her condition, we did not have much 25 that the dog we named Tabby would find a home. One day, a mom named Loretta 26 the shelter with Andrew, her son who suffered from seizures (癫痫). It was this boy who had 27 Tabby on the shelter website. What drew him to her was the note on her introduction explaining that Tabby had special needs. With the 28 boy, this well-meaning family 29 seemed like the perfect fit for Tabby. But the child would not 30 without his dog. So Tabby was officially their dog. Tabby's 31 was not yet finished. Through 32 , Loretta told us about the connection that had developed between her son and Tabby. Once Andrew suffered from four or more seizures a day, 33 he had not had a single one since Tabby came home. So concerned was he for Tabby’s 34 that he did not think about his seizures at all. The seizures did eventually 35 , but fewer in number and 36 between. Then something truly 37 happened. Tabby began to warn Andrew before each seizure. This made it possible for him to 38 by getting into a safe place and position. So Tabby, a dog with so many challenges and few options, not only found her perfect home but her perfect 39 . 25．A．hope B．doubt C．fear D．duty 26．A．put up B．came by C．ran for D．looked after 27．A．recognized B．attracted C．noticed D．contacted 28．A．sick B．naughty C．curious D．frank 29．A．rather B．hardly C．still D．nearly 30．A．leave B．recover C．speak D．focus 31．A．programme B．event C．story D．life 32．A．stages B．difficulties C．changes D．tears 33．A．so B．but C．and D．or 34．A．strengths B．disease C．needs D．age 35．A．worsen B．return C．disappear D．spread 36．A．farther B．milder C．shorter D．sharper 37．A．typical B．accidental C．formal D．magical 38．A．escape B．wake C．prepare D．explore 39．A．hero B．request C．boss D．job Passage 7 语法填空 （23-24高一上·四川攀枝花·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As a nature photographer, I enjoy 40 (work) outside in the wild. One of the 41 (advantage) about this job is that you can observe animals in their 42 (nature) environment. My favorite place to take photos is Yellowstone National Park. As 43 first national park in the world, Yellowstone is famous 44 the variety of its wildlife and its bears. Despite a weight of up to 300 kilograms, they can 45 (run) at a speed of around 64 kilometers per hour. Last spring in Yellowstone, I followed a path that took me through a dark forest. When I finally 46 (step) out of the trees, the view was breathtaking. An eagle flew over the snow-capped mountains, which were reflected in the still lake below. While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched. 47 (Slow), and with the camera still held to my eye, I turned… and froze. Only meters away from me was a bear 48 stared back at me, with water falling off its thick, brown hair. Time stood still as the bear and I both waited to see who would move first. My legs started shaking. Somehow, I forced my finger 49 (press) the button. A second later, the bear turned and ran back into the forest. When I recovered from the shock, I looked at my camera. My most frightening but magical experience was now captured forever in a single image. Passage8 (2025·成都市高中毕业班摸底测试) For decades, school education 1.____________________(lay)too much emphasis on the scores one gets in exams and ignored other aspects of children's 2. ____________________(person)development such as physical education and basic life skills. Partly as a result of this, some young people are 3. ___________________(able) to cook a simple meal, can't manage their time or their finances well, and don't know how to do the laundry or basic housekeeping. In a recently 4. ____________________　　　(announce) plan on compulsory education, the Ministry of Education has separated “practical activities” 5. ____________________　 the previous course “comprehensive practice” and made them an independent course. In the coming semester in September, primary and secondary school pupils will find 6.　 __________________ new “practical activities”course in their schedule, with at least one hour every week. Some complain that much of pupils' time and energy might 7. ____________________　(occupy), but the fact is 8. ____________________　　　 learning practical skills is an important element in shaping a person's character. Of course, the times have changed. It may seem unrealistic and unnecessary to require every young person 9. ____________________　(learn) such things when they can get most things done by clicking on an app. But learning how to cook two or three 10. ____________________(dish) and designing a nutritious recipe, for instance, are skills that develop children's independence and foster a good work spirit. $Unit 2 Wildlife Protection人与自然：动物保护 单元阅读精练 参考答案 As well as impressive physical attributes, elephants have a rich cultural heritage, passed down through customs and social behaviour which is learned, remembered, and shared within their herds. This is possible partly because of their social structure. Elephants live in complex, tightly knit, multigenerational societies, led by older females known as matriarchs. Younger elephants observe and mimic the behaviour of their elders, learning through experience. It helps that the herd does almost everything together, from foraging and feeding to raising each others' young. These interactions lead to deep long-lasting relationships, which can last for decades. Possibly because of these bonds, elephants seem to have emotional capacity. Just like humans, the creatures have been seen displaying signs of grief. When an elephant dies, others in the herd have been observed to repeatedly return to where the individual passed, which is said to be part of a mourning ritual. They may sniff and touch the carcass and bones and cover the site with leaves and sand. Moreover, a 2020 study by researchers Goldenberg and Wittemyer found that "elephants show broad interest in their dead regardless of the strength of former relationships with the dead individual", which may indicate advanced sentience, the scientists say. There's a saying found in many languages – 'an elephant never forgets'. In fact, memory has been essential to the survival of some elephant herds. A study within Great Kruger National Park found that, during an extreme drought in 2016, elephant groups led by matriarchs who had previously lived through a severe drought, had higher survival rates. Researchers concluded that the matriarchs likely remembered where sources of water could be located. So, count yourself lucky that you live on the same planet as these immense majestic animals. 【译文欣赏】 除了令人印象深刻的身体特征外，大象还拥有丰富的文化遗产，通过习俗和社会行为传承下来，在它们的群体中学习、记忆和分享。 这在一定程度上是因为他们的社会结构。大象生活在复杂、紧密、多代的社会中，由被称为母系的年长女性领导。年幼的大象观察并模仿年长大象的行为，通过经验学习。这有助于牛群几乎一起做所有事情，从觅食和喂养到养育彼此的幼崽。这些互动带来了深厚而持久的关系，这种关系可以持续几十年。 可能是因为这些联系，大象似乎有情感能力。就像人类一样，这些生物也表现出悲伤的迹象。当一头大象死亡时，观察到群中的其他大象会反复回到个体经过的地方，据说这是哀悼仪式的一部分。它们可能会嗅闻并触摸尸体和骨头，并用树叶和沙子覆盖现场。此外，科学家们说，研究人员Goldenberg和Wittemyer在2020年的一项研究发现，“大象对它们的尸体表现出广泛的兴趣，而不管以前与死者的关系有多强”，这可能表明它们具有高级感知能力。 许多语言中都有一句谚语——“大象永远不会忘记”。事实上，记忆对一些象群的生存至关重要。大克鲁格国家公园内的一项研究发现，在2016年的一次极端干旱期间，由之前经历过严重干旱的母系领导的大象群体的存活率更高。研究人员得出结论，女族长可能记得水源的位置。 所以，你和这些巨大的雄伟动物生活在同一个星球上，真是幸运。 【词汇积累】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 physical attribute 身体特征 heritage 遗产 custom 习俗 social behaviour 社群行为 herd （兽）群 social structure 社群结构 tightly knit 联系紧密的 multigenerational 多代共存的 matriarch （象群中的）年长母象 mimic 模仿 elder 长辈 raise 抚养，喂养 long-lasting 持久的 bond 联系 emotional capacity 情感能力 grief 悲痛，悲伤 pass 死亡 mourning ritual 哀悼的仪式 sentience 感知能力 survival 生存 drought 干旱 survival rate 存活率 【知识拓展】 大象体型庞大，令人惊叹，但其特别之处远不止如此。其实，象群中存在一种社群文化，它们多代群居共生，年轻的大象向年长的大象学习。科学家们还发现，当一头大象死亡时，其它的象群成员会一同表示哀悼。此外，大象还拥有惊人的记忆力，事实证明这个能力有助其生存。 【词汇延伸】 cultural heritage文化遗产 social structure社会结构；社会架构；社会建构；社群结构 【高考真题链接】 【答案速查】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a notch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 274 斯里兰卡志愿者Indika联合国际志愿者机构建立基金会，开展海龟救助、人工孵化工作，大幅提升小海龟存活率，呼吁全民参与海洋生物保护 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 354 工业、城市开发侵占候鸟迁徙中途栖息地，91%迁徙鸟类途经危险区域；呼吁各国协作设立鸟类安全停歇地，城市种植本土植物改善鸟类生存环境 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 317 实验证明交通噪音会降低斑胸草雀孵化率，减缓雏鸟生长、损伤血细胞，成年后繁育数量减半，科学家将进一步探究噪音中有害的具体因素 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 343 详细介绍宠物犬DNA检测，包含检测原理、试剂盒选购、口腔拭子采样、送检流程与检测报告涵盖的品种、遗传健康信息 Passage5 阅读理解 说明文 343 详细介绍宠物犬DNA检测，包含检测原理、试剂盒选购、口腔拭子采样、送检流程与检测报告涵盖的品种、遗传健康信息 Passage6 完形填空 记叙文 292 收容所失明小狗Tabby被患有癫痫男孩收养，小狗能提前感知男孩发病并预警，二者互相陪伴、双向治愈 Passage7 语法填空 记叙文 249 一名自然摄影师在黄石国家公园采风，偶遇黑熊，惊险按下快门，记录下极具冲击力的野外动物摄影瞬间 Passage8 语法填空 说明文 249 数十年来应试教育忽视生活劳动技能，教育部新增独立“实践活动”课程，每周至少一课时，说明实操技能对塑造人格的重要意义 Passage 1 【答案】5．C 6．C 7．B 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述Indika联合志愿者拯救海龟的故事。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sea turtles are considered a national treasure in Sri Lanka. However, in recent years, the sea turtles have faced great challenges.(海龟被认为是斯里兰卡的国宝。然而，近年来，海龟面临着巨大的挑战)”可知，第一段描述了海龟的地位和现状。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“By chance, Jack Xiao, the founder of Chinese YIK International Volunteers (YIKIV), reached out to Indika and offered his help to protect sea turtles.(一次偶然的机会，中国YIK国际志愿者(YIKIV)的创始人杰克·肖联系了Indika，并表示愿意帮助保护海龟)”可知，Indika没有建立YIKIV国际义工团。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With persistence and hard work, Indika firmly believes they will make a difference to the sea turtles.(凭借坚持不懈的努力，英迪卡坚信他们会改变海龟的命运)”可知，Indika对他们努力的前景是乐观的。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Growing up on the beach, Chamara Indika, 35, was worried about it. In the beginning, he devoted himself to the protection of sea turtles as a volunteer. He gave his spare time to raise awareness of caring for sea turtles and carried out sea turtle protection and rescue missions.(在海滩上长大的35岁的查玛拉·印迪卡对此很担心。一开始，他作为一名志愿者致力于保护海龟。他利用业余时间提高人们爱护海龟的意识，并开展海龟保护和救援任务)”结合文主要讲述Indika联合志愿者拯救海龟的故事。故D选项“在共同努力下保护海龟”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 2 【答案】9．B 10．A 11．D 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于栖息地的消失，许多鸟类处于危险之中。人类对土地的过度使用使得栖息地消失，候鸟丧失了在途中觅食和休息的机会，很多小鸟因此死亡。文章呼吁通过国际合作保护鸟类，并提出简单措施以改善城市中鸟类生存的环境。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“The major danger for migratory birds is development. Buildings have covered the places where birds stop and feed as they move from one part of the world to another. One of the scientists who worked on the study says, “Many of these important places have been lost to land reclamation (开垦) because of the development of industrial, agricultural and city construction’s land expansion (扩张)”. (对候鸟来说，主要的危险是发展。当鸟类从世界的一个地方飞到另一个地方时，建筑物覆盖了它们停下来觅食的地方。参与这项研究的一位科学家表示“由于工业、农业和城市建设的土地扩张，这些重要的地方中有许多已经被土地开垦所取代。”)”可知，人类对土地的过度使用是鸟类栖息地消失的主要原因。故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The problem, according to scientists, is that many of these small birds die along their migration paths because they don’t have a safe place to feed and rest. (根据科学家的说法，问题是许多这些小鸟在迁徙途中死亡，因为它们没有安全的地方觅食和休息)”可知，它们死亡的主要原因是没有安全的地方觅食和休息。故选A项。 11．细节理解题。根据最后两段“One scientist tells Los Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing, more work can be done to make city areas safe for birds. (一位科学家告诉《洛杉矶时报》，虽然一些栖息地正在发生变化，但可以做更多的工作来使城市地区对鸟类来说是安全的)”和“He says small changes, like planting more native plants or keeping cats out of the areas that birds would be likely to use, could make a big difference. (他说，一些小的改变，比如种植更多的本地植物，或者让猫远离鸟类可能使用的区域，可能会产生很大的影响)”可知，通过改善候鸟迁徙路径上城市区域的生存环境，使之变得安全，我们从而可以保护候鸟。故选D项。 12．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species (物种) are in danger because their habitats (栖息地) are disappearing. (科学家表示，由于栖息地正在消失，很大一部分鸟类处于危险之中)”可知，文章首先指出鸟类正处于危险之中，因为它们的栖息地正在消失；第二段至第四段介绍了栖息地消失的原因及带来的问题；最后三段就如何保护鸟类提出了建议。由此可知，作者的写作目的是呼吁人们保护候鸟。故选A项。 . Passage 3 【答案】13．A 14．D 15．C 16．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。研究揭示交通噪音对雏鸟发育造成负面影响，包括降低孵化率、生长迟缓及减少后代数量。 13．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句子“Researchers already knew too much noise can disturb breeding birds, making it more difficult for parents to communicate with and care for their nestlings. (研究人员已经知道过多的噪音会干扰繁殖中的鸟类，使父母与它们的雏鸟沟通和照顾变得更为困难。)”可知，过多的噪音会干扰繁殖中的鸟类，那么结果就是使父母对它们的nestlings沟通和照顾变得更为困难。所以我们可以推断，划线词“nestlings”指的就是前半句中的“breeding birds”，即幼鸟。故选A项。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But it wasn’t clear whether the noise itself could directly harm young birds. (但目前尚不清楚噪音本身是否会直接伤害幼鸟。)”和第三段中的“Mariette, a behavioral ecologist at Deakin University, and her team set out to answer that question with zebra finches held in an aviary(鸟舍) on campus in Melbourne, Australia. (Deakin大学的行为生态学家Mariette和她的团队着手通过在澳大利亚墨尔本校园内的鸟舍中饲养斑马雀来回答这个问题。)”可知，研究人员已经知道，太多的噪音会干扰正在繁殖的鸟类，使父母更难与雏鸟沟通和照顾它们，但是他们不知道噪音本身是否会直接伤害幼鸟，Mariette和她的团队进行实验的目的是为了考察噪音对小鸟的影响。故选D项。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Those exposed to noise grew slower, and had health problems. Their blood had fewer red blood cells, and their cells were under stress. (暴露于噪音下的小鸟生长得更慢，并且有健康问题。它们血液中的红细胞较少，细胞处于压力之下。)”可知，噪音导致了小鸟的生长缓慢。故选C项。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Auditory (听觉的) parts of the brain connect to areas important for development and the regulation of emotion and learning, so it’s likely that noise could disrupt healthy growth. Mariette says she would like to conduct other experiments to learn what aspects of noise are harmful.” (大脑的听觉部分连接到对发展、情绪调节和学习重要的区域，因此噪音可能干扰健康的成长。Mariette说她想进行其他实验来了解噪音的哪些方面是有害的。)可知，Mariette接下来最可能研究的是噪音的哪些部分对小鸟的成长有害。故选B项。 .Passage 4 【答案】17．C 18．A 19．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近年来日益流行的狗的DNA检测，包括检测的用处、实现的方式，以及具体的操作流程。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段“DNA testing typically works by analyzing the genetic material found in a sample of cells taken from the inside of your dog’s cheek. This sample is then compared to a database of known breeds and genetic markers associated with certain traits or health conditions. (DNA测试通常是通过分析从狗狗脸颊内部提取的细胞样本中发现的遗传物质来进行的。然后将该样本与已知品种和与某些特征或健康状况相关的遗传标记的数据库进行比较)”可知，这种测试通常是通过将狗的DNA与数据库进行匹配来实现的。故选C项。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first step in obtaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type you want. (获得DNA检测试剂盒的第一步是选择你想要的类型)”可知，第一步是选择测试类型；根据第三段中“The swab should be gently rubbed inside your pet’s cheek according to the kit’s directions before being placed into the collection container provided by the company. (在将拭子放入公司提供的收集容器之前，应根据试剂盒的说明在宠物的脸颊上轻轻摩擦拭子)”可知，第二、三步是轻轻擦拭子，将拭子放入容器中；根据第三段中“After collecting the sample, it should be mailed back to the laboratory for processing according to instructions given by the company providing the service. (样品采集后，应邮寄回实验室，根据提供服务的公司的说明进行处理)”可知，第四步是将样品邮寄回实验室；根据第三段中“Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1—2 weeks for results to be processed and sent back via email or mail. (一旦实验室收到，通常需要1到2周的时间来处理结果，并通过电子邮件或邮件发送回去)”可知，第五、六步是处理样品，接收结果。因此，进行DNA测试的正确顺序④-②-⑤-⑥-①-③。故选A项。 19．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“If you’re looking for an easy way to learn more about your pup’s background without spending too much money, then DNA testing might just be right up your alley. (如果你正在寻找一种简单的方法，在不花太多钱的情况下了解你的狗狗的背景，那么DNA检测可能正是你想要的)”可知，文章围绕近年来日益流行的狗的DNA检测展开，介绍了检测的用处、实现的方式，以及具体的操作流程，鼓励读者购买；由此可知，文章是关于狗DNA检测试剂盒推广。故选D项。 Passage 5 【答案】20．F 21．B 22．C 23．E 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了城市花园在现代都市生活中的重要性和多重益处。 20．由上文“City gardens are unique spots in busy cities. Who would not like to take a break from the busy life and visit these peaceful places full of life and colours?(城市花园是繁忙城市中的独特景点。谁不想从繁忙的生活中休息一下，参观这些充满生机和色彩的宁静之地呢？)”可知，这里主要讲城市花园的魅力，而F项What makes them even more special are the gardeners.(让它们更特别的是园丁。)符合语境，其中them指代上文City gardens，the gardeners也与下文They对应，所以本句有承上启下作用。故选F项。 21．由下文“There, the wind hits gently on your face while carrying a refreshing fragrance(香味) of flowers. Sounds calm, right?(在那里，风轻轻地吹在你的脸上，同时带着清新的花香。听起来很平静，对吧？)”可知，这里主要讲花园中的风景，而B项Imagine walking in a city garden.(想象一下在城市花园里散步。)符合语境，其中in a city garden与下文There对应，有启下作用。故选B项。 22．由上文“The sound of nature calms the mind like the little bees humming or leaves whispering to each other in the mild wind.(大自然的声音让心灵平静下来，就像小蜜蜂在微风中嗡嗡作响或树叶在窃窃私语。)”可知，这里主要讲大自然对心灵的作用，而C项It’s like nature’s own conversation.(这就像大自然自己的对话。)符合语境，其中It代指上文The sound of nature，有承上作用。故选C项。 23．由下文“You can plant your own garden in the backyard and enjoy its quietness. It is scientifically proven that spending time around the greens can affect your mood(心情) positively and help you get mental peace.(你可以在后院种植自己的花园，享受它的宁静。科学证明，花时间在果岭周围可以积极影响你的情绪，帮助你获得心理平静。)”可知，本段提出建议，鼓励人们自己种植花园，并提到这样做对心情有积极影响。而E项Gardening is nothing less than a treatment.(园艺就是一种治疗。)符合语境，对下文有总括作用，其中 a treatment与下文get mental peace对应。故选E项。 24．由上文“Everyone should visit city gardens monthly for a peaceful break. Whenever you're feeling stressed, go to relax in nature. And when you do, don't forget to give a nod to the gardening service teams. (每个人都应该每月去城市花园放松一下。每当你感到压力时，去大自然放松一下。当你这样做的时候，别忘了向园艺服务团队点头致敬。)”可知，本段进行总结，建议每个人每月至少去一次城市花园放松，同时要感谢园艺服务团队。而A项They’re making it all possible.(他们让这一切成为可能。)符合语境，其中They代指上文the gardening service teams，有承上作用。故选A项。 Passage 6 【答案】 25．A 26．B 27．C 28．A 29．B 30．A 31．C 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．B 36．A 37．D 38．C 39．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一只盲狗Tabby被收养后的生活，以及它如何成为主人的守护者，给予主人警告，帮助他应对癫痫发作。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据她的情况，我们不太希望我们命名为塔比的狗能找到一个家。A. hope希望；B. doubt怀疑；C. fear恐惧；D. duty职责。根据上文“The animal shelter where I worked received an old, blind dog.”可知，由于小狗看不见，作者他们对于小狗找到一个家并不抱太大希望。故选A。 26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：一天，一位名叫洛雷塔的母亲带着安德鲁来到了收容所，安德鲁是她的儿子，患有癫痫。A. put up张贴；B. came by从旁走过，来到；C. ran for竞选；D. looked after照顾。根据下文“It was this boy who had ___3___ Tabby on the shelter website.”可知，这是因为安德鲁在网站上发现了这条小狗，所以洛雷塔带着安德鲁来到了收容所。故选B。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正是这个男孩在收容所的网站上注意到了塔比。A. recognized认出；B. attracted吸引；C. noticed注意到；D. contacted联系。根据下文“What drew him to her was the note on her introduction explaining that Tabby had special needs.”可知，网站上关于塔比的介绍信上的注释吸引了安德鲁的注意，说明这个男孩在收容所的网站上注意到了塔比。故选C。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有了这个生病的男孩，这个善意的家庭似乎不太适合塔比。A. sick生病的；B. naughty淘气的；C. curious好奇的；D. frank坦率的。根据上文“her son who suffered from seizures (癫痫)”可知，安德鲁患有癫痫，因此他是一个生病的孩子。故选A。 29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了这个生病的男孩，这个善意的家庭似乎不太适合塔比。A. rather相当；B. hardly几乎不；C. still仍然；D. nearly几乎。根据上文“One day, a mom named Loretta ___2___ the shelter with Andrew, her son who suffered from seizures (癫痫).”可知，这家的小男孩安德鲁患有癫痫，而小狗塔比也看不见，所以这个家庭似乎不太适合收养这条小狗。故选B。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这个孩子没有他的狗就不会离开。A. leave离开；B. recover恢复；C. speak说话；D. focus集中。根据上文“So Tabby was officially their dog.”可知，他们收养了塔比，所以安德鲁没有他的狗就不会离开收容所。故选A。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：塔比的故事还没有结束。A. programme节目；B. event事件；C. story故事；D. life生活。根据下文“Through ___8___ , Loretta told us about the connection that had developed between her son and Tabby.”可知，塔比的故事还没有结束，后面将继续讲述它和安德鲁的故事。故选C。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过眼泪，洛雷塔告诉我们她儿子和塔比之间建立的联系。A. stages阶段；B. difficulties困难；C. changes改变；D. tears眼泪。根据下文“The seizures did eventually___11___ , but fewer in number and ___12___ between.”可知，塔比的到来让安德鲁的癫痫得到了控制，所以洛雷塔非常的感动，此处表示她带着感动的眼泪告诉作者他们她儿子和塔比之间建立的联系。故选D。 33．考查连词词义辨析。句意：安德鲁曾经一天发作四次或更多次癫痫，但自从塔比回家后，他一次也没有发作过。A. so因此；B. but但是；C. and和；D. or或者。根据上文“Once Andrew suffered from four or more seizures a day”和下文“he had not had a single one since Tabby came home”可知，前后两句之间构成转折关系，说明The seizures did eventually , but fewer in number and between. Then something truly happened.曾经一天发作四次或更多次癫痫，但自从塔比回家后，他一次也没有发作过。故选B。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他非常关心塔比的需求，以至于他根本没有想过自己的癫痫。A. strengths优点；B. disease疾病；C. needs需求；D. age年龄。根据上文“What drew him to her was the note on her introduction explaining that Tabby had special needs.”可知，塔比有特殊需求，因此安德鲁非常关心它的需求。故选C。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：癫痫发作最终又回来了，但次数减少了，间隔时间也更长了。A. worsen恶化；B. return返回；C. disappear消失；D. spread传播。根据上文“The seizures did eventually”和下文“but fewer in number and 12 between.”可知，安德鲁癫痫发作的词数减少了，说明不是癫痫不发作了。所以此处表示癫痫发作最终又回来了。故选B。 36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：癫痫发作最终又回来了，但次数减少了，间隔时间也更长了。A. farther(时间或空间上)较远的；B. milder更温和的；C. shorter更短的；D. sharper更锋利的。根据上文“but fewer in number”可知，安德鲁癫痫发作的次数减少了，间隔时间也更长了。故选A。 37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后发生了一些真正神奇的事情。A. typical典型的；B. accidental偶然的；C. formal正式的；D. magical神奇的。根据下文“Tabby began to warn Andrew before each seizure.”可知，塔比开始在每次癫痫发作前警告安德鲁，这是一件神奇的事情。故选D。 38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这使得他能够通过进入一个安全的地方和位置来做准备。A. escape逃跑；B. wake醒来；C. prepare准备；D. explore探索。根据上文“Tabby began to warn Andrew before each seizure.”可知，塔比开始在每次癫痫发作前警告安德鲁，这使得他能够提前做准备。故选C。 39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以塔比，一只面临如此多挑战和选择有限的狗，不仅找到了它完美的家，而且找到了它完美的工作。A. hero英雄；B. request请求；C. boss老板；D. job工作。根据上文“Tabby began to warn Andrew before each seizure.”可知，塔比开始在每次癫痫发作前警告安德鲁，这使得安德鲁能够提前做准备，因此塔比找到了一份完美的工作，即作为安德鲁的癫痫发作预警犬。故选D。 Passage 7 【答案】 40．working 41．advantages 42．natural 43．the 44．for 45．run 46．stepped 47．Slowly 48．that/which 49．to press 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名自然摄影师在黄石国家公园进行野外拍摄的一次经历。他描述了在公园中遇到一只熊的惊险时刻，以及如何成功捕捉到这一瞬间的照片。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名自然摄影师，我喜欢在野外工作。动词短语enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事，享受做某事”，因此应用work的动名词形式，作宾语。故填working。 41．考查名词复数。句意：这份工作的优点之一是你可以在自然环境中观察动物。固定结构“one of the+可数名词复数”，意为“……之一”，因此应用可数名词advantage的复数形式。故填advantages。 42．考查形容词。句意：这份工作的优点之一是你可以在自然环境中观察动物。空处是修饰environment的定语，nature的形容词形式natural符合题意，意为“自然的”。故填natural。 43．考查冠词。句意：作为世界上第一个国家公园，黄石公园以其种类繁多的野生动物和熊而闻名。此处表示“第一个国家公园”，序数词first前应用定冠词the。故填the。 44．考查介词。句意：作为世界上第一个国家公园，黄石公园以其种类繁多的野生动物和熊而闻名。根据“is famous”和“the variety of its wildlife and its bears”可知，此处应用形容词短语be famous for表示“以……而闻名”。故填for。 45．考查动词原形。句意：尽管重达300公斤，它们却能以每小时64公里的速度奔跑。情态动词can后应用动词原形run。故填run。 46．考查动词时态。句意：当我终于走出树林时，眼前的景色令人叹为观止。空处作When引导的从句的谓语，结合“the view was breathtaking”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填stepped。 47．考查副词。句意：慢慢地，镜头仍然贴在我的眼睛上，我转过身来，一动不动。空处修饰动词turned，Slow的副词形式Slowly符合题意，意为“慢慢地”，置于句首是为了起到强调的作用。故填Slowly。 48．考查定语从句。句意：离我只有几米远的地方有一只熊，它盯着我看，浓密的棕色毛发上淌着水。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a bear，先行词指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 49．考查非谓语动词。句意：不知怎么的，我强迫我的手指按下了按钮。动词短语force… to do sth.意为“强迫……做某事”，因此应用press的不定式形式，作宾语补足语。故填to press。 Passage8 【答案】 1．has laid 2．personal 3．unable 4．announced　 5．from 6．the 7．be occupied　 8．that 9．to learn 10．dishes　 语篇导读：教育部宣布实践活动课程将纳入中小学生课表。 1．has laid　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“For decades”可知，此处应用现在完成时；school education与lay之间为主动关系，且主语school education为单数。lay emphasis on sth.“强调某事”。故填has laid。 2．personal　考查形容词。空处修饰空后的名词development, 需用形容词。故填personal。 3．unable　考查形容词。结合空后的“can't manage”和“and don't know”及句意可知，此处意为“一些年轻人不会做一顿简单的饭”。故填unable。 4．announced　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语修饰plan。plan与announce之间为逻辑上的被动关系。故填announced。 5．from　考查介词。separate...from...“把……和……分开”，是固定搭配。故填from。 6．the　考查冠词。空处修饰的“new ‘practical activities’ course”在上文中已有相关内容，再次出现时需要特指。故填the。 7．be occupied　考查动词的语态。主语much of pupils' time and energy与occupy之间为被动关系，且空前有情态动词might。故填be occupied。 8．that　考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句不缺成分，且意思完整。故填that。 9．to learn　考查非谓语动词。require sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”是固定表达。故填to learn。 10．dishes　考查名词复数。dish是可数名词，又根据空前的two or three可知，空处应用名词复数。故填dishes。 $Unit 2 Wildlife Protection人与自然：动物保护 单元阅读精练 解析版 As well as impressive physical attributes, elephants have a rich cultural heritage, passed down through customs and social behaviour which is learned, remembered, and shared within their herds. This is possible partly because of their social structure. Elephants live in complex, tightly knit, multigenerational societies, led by older females known as matriarchs. Younger elephants observe and mimic the behaviour of their elders, learning through experience. It helps that the herd does almost everything together, from foraging and feeding to raising each others' young. These interactions lead to deep long-lasting relationships, which can last for decades. Possibly because of these bonds, elephants seem to have emotional capacity. Just like humans, the creatures have been seen displaying signs of grief. When an elephant dies, others in the herd have been observed to repeatedly return to where the individual passed, which is said to be part of a mourning ritual. They may sniff and touch the carcass and bones and cover the site with leaves and sand. Moreover, a 2020 study by researchers Goldenberg and Wittemyer found that "elephants show broad interest in their dead regardless of the strength of former relationships with the dead individual", which may indicate advanced sentience, the scientists say. There's a saying found in many languages – 'an elephant never forgets'. In fact, memory has been essential to the survival of some elephant herds. A study within Great Kruger National Park found that, during an extreme drought in 2016, elephant groups led by matriarchs who had previously lived through a severe drought, had higher survival rates. Researchers concluded that the matriarchs likely remembered where sources of water could be located. So, count yourself lucky that you live on the same planet as these immense majestic animals. 【译文欣赏】 除了令人印象深刻的身体特征外，大象还拥有丰富的文化遗产，通过习俗和社会行为传承下来，在它们的群体中学习、记忆和分享。 这在一定程度上是因为他们的社会结构。大象生活在复杂、紧密、多代的社会中，由被称为母系的年长女性领导。年幼的大象观察并模仿年长大象的行为，通过经验学习。这有助于牛群几乎一起做所有事情，从觅食和喂养到养育彼此的幼崽。这些互动带来了深厚而持久的关系，这种关系可以持续几十年。 可能是因为这些联系，大象似乎有情感能力。就像人类一样，这些生物也表现出悲伤的迹象。当一头大象死亡时，观察到群中的其他大象会反复回到个体经过的地方，据说这是哀悼仪式的一部分。它们可能会嗅闻并触摸尸体和骨头，并用树叶和沙子覆盖现场。此外，科学家们说，研究人员Goldenberg和Wittemyer在2020年的一项研究发现，“大象对它们的尸体表现出广泛的兴趣，而不管以前与死者的关系有多强”，这可能表明它们具有高级感知能力。 许多语言中都有一句谚语——“大象永远不会忘记”。事实上，记忆对一些象群的生存至关重要。大克鲁格国家公园内的一项研究发现，在2016年的一次极端干旱期间，由之前经历过严重干旱的母系领导的大象群体的存活率更高。研究人员得出结论，女族长可能记得水源的位置。 所以，你和这些巨大的雄伟动物生活在同一个星球上，真是幸运。 【词汇积累】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 physical attribute 身体特征 heritage 遗产 custom 习俗 social behaviour 社群行为 herd （兽）群 social structure 社群结构 tightly knit 联系紧密的 multigenerational 多代共存的 matriarch （象群中的）年长母象 mimic 模仿 elder 长辈 raise 抚养，喂养 long-lasting 持久的 bond 联系 emotional capacity 情感能力 grief 悲痛，悲伤 pass 死亡 mourning ritual 哀悼的仪式 sentience 感知能力 survival 生存 drought 干旱 survival rate 存活率 【知识拓展】 大象体型庞大，令人惊叹，但其特别之处远不止如此。其实，象群中存在一种社群文化，它们多代群居共生，年轻的大象向年长的大象学习。科学家们还发现，当一头大象死亡时，其它的象群成员会一同表示哀悼。此外，大象还拥有惊人的记忆力，事实证明这个能力有助其生存。 【词汇延伸】 cultural heritage文化遗产 social structure社会结构；社会架构；社会建构；社群结构 【高考真题链接】 （一） （2024·全国甲阅读理解B篇）Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help,  scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 1．What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A．It's a survival skill. B．It's taught by mother cats. C．It's hard to interpret. D．It's getting louder with age. 2．How does a pet cat assess different situations? A．By listening for sounds. B．By touching familiar objects. C．By checking on smells. D．By communicating with other cats. 3．Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A．Perform appropriately. B．Move faster. C．Act strangely. D．Do better. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B．Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C．Have Fun with Your Cat D．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 【答案速查】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a notch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 274 斯里兰卡志愿者Indika联合国际志愿者机构建立基金会，开展海龟救助、人工孵化工作，大幅提升小海龟存活率，呼吁全民参与海洋生物保护 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 354 工业、城市开发侵占候鸟迁徙中途栖息地，91%迁徙鸟类途经危险区域；呼吁各国协作设立鸟类安全停歇地，城市种植本土植物改善鸟类生存环境 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 317 实验证明交通噪音会降低斑胸草雀孵化率，减缓雏鸟生长、损伤血细胞，成年后繁育数量减半，科学家将进一步探究噪音中有害的具体因素 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 343 详细介绍宠物犬DNA检测，包含检测原理、试剂盒选购、口腔拭子采样、送检流程与检测报告涵盖的品种、遗传健康信息 Passage5 阅读理解 说明文 343 详细介绍宠物犬DNA检测，包含检测原理、试剂盒选购、口腔拭子采样、送检流程与检测报告涵盖的品种、遗传健康信息 Passage6 完形填空 记叙文 292 收容所失明小狗Tabby被患有癫痫男孩收养，小狗能提前感知男孩发病并预警，二者互相陪伴、双向治愈 Passage7 语法填空 记叙文 249 一名自然摄影师在黄石国家公园采风，偶遇黑熊，惊险按下快门，记录下极具冲击力的野外动物摄影瞬间 Passage8 语法填空 说明文 249 数十年来应试教育忽视生活劳动技能，教育部新增独立“实践活动”课程，每周至少一课时，说明实操技能对塑造人格的重要意义 Passage 1 （22-23高一下·云南昭通·期末）Sea turtles are considered a national treasure in Sri Lanka. However, in recent years, the sea turtles have faced great challenges. Growing up on the beach, Chamara Indika, 35, was worried about it. In the beginning, he devoted himself to the protection of sea turtles as a volunteer. He gave his spare time to raise awareness of caring for sea turtles and carried out sea turtle protection and rescue missions. Later, he decided that this was not a long-term solution. “One person’s abilities are very limited and I wanted to make real changes,” said Indika. By chance, Jack Xiao, the founder of Chinese YIK International Volunteers (YIKIV), reached out to Indika and offered his help to protect sea turtles. With his assistance, Indika set up the NilManel Foundation in Sri Lanka. The organization provides professional training and guidance for the volunteers, spreads knowledge of turtle and carries out conservation activities. Volunteers can then work to spread their new knowledge to more people. At first, the volunteers’ main job was to rescue and care for injured turtles locally. Then they found people and animals eat turtle eggs on the beach. So volunteers started transferring eggs to a protection center with artificial cultivation. It guaranteed higher survival rates. Thanks to their efforts, the survival rate of newborn turtles has reached new highs, and conservation awareness has also increased. Many volunteers now refuse to use straws and plastic bags which cause many turtles to die accidentally. “It made me feel that all my work had paid off. But it was not enough to rely on myself and the current volunteers. It would be important to pass this knowledge down to future generations,” said Indika. With persistence and hard work, Indika firmly believes they will make a difference to the sea turtles. 5．The author introduces the topic of the text by __________. A．discussing a problem B．conveying an idea C．describing a situation D．presenting a belief 6．Indika has done the things to protect sea turtles EXCEPT __________. A．volunteering to protect sea turtles B．founding the Nil Manel Foundation C．setting up the YIK International Volunteers D．raising people’s awareness of taking care of sea turtles 7．Indika’s attitude towards their effort to protect sea turtles is __________. A．doubtful B．optimistic C．negative D．indifferent 8．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Sea Turtles Are Facing Challenges B．Indika Is Protecting Sea Turtles C．Volunteers Are Rescuing Sea Turtles D．Sea Turtles Are Being Protected with Joint Efforts 【答案】5．C 6．C 7．B 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述Indika联合志愿者拯救海龟的故事。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sea turtles are considered a national treasure in Sri Lanka. However, in recent years, the sea turtles have faced great challenges.(海龟被认为是斯里兰卡的国宝。然而，近年来，海龟面临着巨大的挑战)”可知，第一段描述了海龟的地位和现状。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“By chance, Jack Xiao, the founder of Chinese YIK International Volunteers (YIKIV), reached out to Indika and offered his help to protect sea turtles.(一次偶然的机会，中国YIK国际志愿者(YIKIV)的创始人杰克·肖联系了Indika，并表示愿意帮助保护海龟)”可知，Indika没有建立YIKIV国际义工团。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With persistence and hard work, Indika firmly believes they will make a difference to the sea turtles.(凭借坚持不懈的努力，英迪卡坚信他们会改变海龟的命运)”可知，Indika对他们努力的前景是乐观的。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Growing up on the beach, Chamara Indika, 35, was worried about it. In the beginning, he devoted himself to the protection of sea turtles as a volunteer. He gave his spare time to raise awareness of caring for sea turtles and carried out sea turtle protection and rescue missions.(在海滩上长大的35岁的查玛拉·印迪卡对此很担心。一开始，他作为一名志愿者致力于保护海龟。他利用业余时间提高人们爱护海龟的意识，并开展海龟保护和救援任务)”结合文主要讲述Indika联合志愿者拯救海龟的故事。故D选项“在共同努力下保护海龟”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 2 （23-24高一上·四川攀枝花·期末）Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species (物种) are in danger because their habitats (栖息地) are disappearing. Traditional migration paths take birds through countries that are not protecting the places for birds to stop, rest and feed. The scientists studied the migration or flight paths of almost 1,500species. They decided that 91 percent of them passed through dangerous areas. The major danger for migratory birds is development. Buildings have covered the places where birds stop and feed as they move from one part of the world to another. One of the scientists who worked on the study says, “Many of these important places have been lost to land reclamation (开垦) because of the development of industrial, agricultural and city construction’s land expansion (扩张)”. The problem, according to scientists, is that many of these small birds die along their migration paths because they don’t have a safe place to feed and rest. There is no place to pick up their energy for the next part of their journey. Countries in North Africa, Central Asia and those along the coasts of East Asia are having the most difficult time in protecting land. The scientists say these countries do not have enough areas that are safe for birds. One species that doesn’t exist now is the Eskimo curlew. “Our world gets poorer every time we lose a species, ”one of the scientists says. The researchers say countries need to work together and come up with safe stopping areas for birds that fly over their countries. For example, one country might have safe areas for migrating birds. But a neighbor country might not. A bird might die. One scientist tells Los Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing, more work can be done to make city areas safe for birds. He says small changes, like planting more native plants or keeping cats out of the areas that birds would be likely to use, could make a big difference. 9．What is the main reason for the disappearance of bird’s habitats? A．Serious illnesses. B．Overuse of land by humans. C．The rising of sea level. D．The change of climate. 10．Many small birds lose their lives on the way of migration mainly because ________. A．they have no safe place to feed and rest B．they have to take a long journey C．they are killed by other animals D．they are harmed by humans 11．According to the last two paragraphs, how should we protect the migrating birds? A．By keeping fewer dogs. B．By repairing their destroyed habitats. C．By changing the birds’ migration habits. D．By improving the conditions on their migration paths. 12．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To ask people to protect the migrating birds. B．To require people to stop their development. C．To tell people that many bird species are in danger. D．To offer some solutions to the problem of birds’ habitats. 【答案】9．B 10．A 11．D 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于栖息地的消失，许多鸟类处于危险之中。人类对土地的过度使用使得栖息地消失，候鸟丧失了在途中觅食和休息的机会，很多小鸟因此死亡。文章呼吁通过国际合作保护鸟类，并提出简单措施以改善城市中鸟类生存的环境。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“The major danger for migratory birds is development. Buildings have covered the places where birds stop and feed as they move from one part of the world to another. One of the scientists who worked on the study says, “Many of these important places have been lost to land reclamation (开垦) because of the development of industrial, agricultural and city construction’s land expansion (扩张)”. (对候鸟来说，主要的危险是发展。当鸟类从世界的一个地方飞到另一个地方时，建筑物覆盖了它们停下来觅食的地方。参与这项研究的一位科学家表示“由于工业、农业和城市建设的土地扩张，这些重要的地方中有许多已经被土地开垦所取代。”)”可知，人类对土地的过度使用是鸟类栖息地消失的主要原因。故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The problem, according to scientists, is that many of these small birds die along their migration paths because they don’t have a safe place to feed and rest. (根据科学家的说法，问题是许多这些小鸟在迁徙途中死亡，因为它们没有安全的地方觅食和休息)”可知，它们死亡的主要原因是没有安全的地方觅食和休息。故选A项。 11．细节理解题。根据最后两段“One scientist tells Los Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing, more work can be done to make city areas safe for birds. (一位科学家告诉《洛杉矶时报》，虽然一些栖息地正在发生变化，但可以做更多的工作来使城市地区对鸟类来说是安全的)”和“He says small changes, like planting more native plants or keeping cats out of the areas that birds would be likely to use, could make a big difference. (他说，一些小的改变，比如种植更多的本地植物，或者让猫远离鸟类可能使用的区域，可能会产生很大的影响)”可知，通过改善候鸟迁徙路径上城市区域的生存环境，使之变得安全，我们从而可以保护候鸟。故选D项。 12．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species (物种) are in danger because their habitats (栖息地) are disappearing. (科学家表示，由于栖息地正在消失，很大一部分鸟类处于危险之中)”可知，文章首先指出鸟类正处于危险之中，因为它们的栖息地正在消失；第二段至第四段介绍了栖息地消失的原因及带来的问题；最后三段就如何保护鸟类提出了建议。由此可知，作者的写作目的是呼吁人们保护候鸟。故选A项。 . Passage 3 （23-24高一下·广东中山·期末）If talking near a busy road is tough, think how hard it is to raise a baby bird in that place. Anew experiment on growing birds shows traffic noise has a negative influence on their growth and leads to lifelong harm. Researchers already knew too much noise can disturb breeding birds, making it more difficult for parents to communicate with and care for their nestlings. But it wasn't clear whether the noise itself could directly harm young birds. Mariette, a behavioral ecologist at Deakin University, and her team set out to answer that question with zebra finches held in an aviary (鸟舍) on campus in Melbourne, Australia. For 5 nights they played eggs either road noise or zebra finch songs for several hours. The sounds were kept at a moderate volume of 65 decibel. Other eggs were left in silence. After the eggs hatched, the baby birds received one of two treatments — road noise or zebra finch songs — for another 9 nights. The nestlings heard the sounds in a separate room and then were returned to their nests. Eggs that heard traffic noise hatched 19% less often than those that heard bird songs. As the baby birds developed, they also showed worrying development signs. Those exposed to noise grew slower, and had health problems. Their blood had fewer red blood cells, and their cells were under stress. When they became adults, they had half as many babies as the birds that heard songs when they were young. “I’ve never had such clear results in any experiments before,” Mariette says. How exactly traffic noise harms the young birds remains a mystery. Auditory (听觉的) parts of the brain connect to areas important for development and the regulation of emotion and learning, so it’s likely that noise could disrupt healthy growth. Mariette says she would like to conduct other experiments to learn what aspects of noise are harmful. For example, it could be that hearing constant sound without any rhythm — unlike song — is somehow stressful. 13．What does the underlined word “nestlings” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Baby birds. B．Sick birds. C．Mother birds. D．Birds’ eggs. 14．Why did Mariette and her team conduct the experiment? A．To test the volume of noises on campus. B．To answer a question about zebra finches. C．To compare road noise with zebra finch songs. D．To examine the influence of noise on little birds. 15．How did the noise affect the birds’ growth according to the experiment? A．It made them less stressful. B．It prevented the birds having babies. C．It led to the slow growth of the birds. D．It reduced parent birds 'red blood cells. 16．What is Mariette most likely to study next? A．Functions of the auditory parts of birds’ brains. B．The harmful parts of noise to young birds' growth. C．The impact of rhythmic sounds on birds' development. D．The impact of traffic noise on birds' emotion and learning. 【答案】13．A 14．D 15．C 16．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。研究揭示交通噪音对雏鸟发育造成负面影响，包括降低孵化率、生长迟缓及减少后代数量。 13．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句子“Researchers already knew too much noise can disturb breeding birds, making it more difficult for parents to communicate with and care for their nestlings. (研究人员已经知道过多的噪音会干扰繁殖中的鸟类，使父母与它们的雏鸟沟通和照顾变得更为困难。)”可知，过多的噪音会干扰繁殖中的鸟类，那么结果就是使父母对它们的nestlings沟通和照顾变得更为困难。所以我们可以推断，划线词“nestlings”指的就是前半句中的“breeding birds”，即幼鸟。故选A项。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But it wasn’t clear whether the noise itself could directly harm young birds. (但目前尚不清楚噪音本身是否会直接伤害幼鸟。)”和第三段中的“Mariette, a behavioral ecologist at Deakin University, and her team set out to answer that question with zebra finches held in an aviary(鸟舍) on campus in Melbourne, Australia. (Deakin大学的行为生态学家Mariette和她的团队着手通过在澳大利亚墨尔本校园内的鸟舍中饲养斑马雀来回答这个问题。)”可知，研究人员已经知道，太多的噪音会干扰正在繁殖的鸟类，使父母更难与雏鸟沟通和照顾它们，但是他们不知道噪音本身是否会直接伤害幼鸟，Mariette和她的团队进行实验的目的是为了考察噪音对小鸟的影响。故选D项。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Those exposed to noise grew slower, and had health problems. Their blood had fewer red blood cells, and their cells were under stress. (暴露于噪音下的小鸟生长得更慢，并且有健康问题。它们血液中的红细胞较少，细胞处于压力之下。)”可知，噪音导致了小鸟的生长缓慢。故选C项。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Auditory (听觉的) parts of the brain connect to areas important for development and the regulation of emotion and learning, so it’s likely that noise could disrupt healthy growth. Mariette says she would like to conduct other experiments to learn what aspects of noise are harmful.” (大脑的听觉部分连接到对发展、情绪调节和学习重要的区域，因此噪音可能干扰健康的成长。Mariette说她想进行其他实验来了解噪音的哪些方面是有害的。)可知，Mariette接下来最可能研究的是噪音的哪些部分对小鸟的成长有害。故选B项。 .Passage 4 （23-24高一上·福建福州·期末）With the availability of easy-to-use at-home kits (成套工具), DNA testing for dogs has become increasingly popular among dog owners in recent years. It can provide invaluable insights into a dog’s breed, health risks, and even behaviors. DNA testing typically works by analyzing the genetic material found in a sample of cells taken from the inside of your dog’s cheek. This sample is then compared to a database of known breeds and genetic markers associated with certain traits or health conditions. The first step in obtaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type you want. Most companies offer several different types of tests that vary in cost and complexity. For instance, some tests just analyze your dog’s breed composition, while others can assess additional genetic markers associated with certain diseases or behaviors. Then it’s time to collect your dog’s sample using the provided swab (拭子) kit or saliva-collection tube included with most kits. The swab should be gently rubbed inside your pet’s cheek according to the kit’s directions before being placed into the collection container provided by the company. After collecting the sample, it should be mailed back to the laboratory for processing according to instructions given by the company providing the service. Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2 weeks for results to be processed and sent back via email or mail. Results will vary depending on which type of test was purchased, but they generally include detailed information about your pet’s breed composition as well as any potential health risks or behavioral traits associated with their genetics that could affect their overall well-being and quality of life. If you’re looking for an easy way to learn more about your pup’s background without spending too much money, then DNA testing might just be right up your alley. 17．How does DNA testing for dogs typically work? A．By analyzing the dog’s hair and fur. B．By conducting a blood test on the dog. C．By matching the dog’s DNA with a database. D．By studying the dog’s genetic health history. 18．What is the correct order of having an DNA test? ①get the sample processed         ②rub the swab gently ③receive the result         ④select the type of test ⑤place the swab into the container     ⑥mail the sample back to the lab A．④-②-⑤-⑥-①-③ B．④-⑤-①-②-⑥-③ C．④-②-⑤-①-⑥-③ D．④-⑤-②-⑥-①-③ 19．What is the text about? A．A dog advertisement. B．A dog DNA experiment. C．A dog DNA testing survey. D．A dog DNA test kit promotion. 【答案】17．C 18．A 19．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近年来日益流行的狗的DNA检测，包括检测的用处、实现的方式，以及具体的操作流程。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段“DNA testing typically works by analyzing the genetic material found in a sample of cells taken from the inside of your dog’s cheek. This sample is then compared to a database of known breeds and genetic markers associated with certain traits or health conditions. (DNA测试通常是通过分析从狗狗脸颊内部提取的细胞样本中发现的遗传物质来进行的。然后将该样本与已知品种和与某些特征或健康状况相关的遗传标记的数据库进行比较)”可知，这种测试通常是通过将狗的DNA与数据库进行匹配来实现的。故选C项。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first step in obtaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type you want. (获得DNA检测试剂盒的第一步是选择你想要的类型)”可知，第一步是选择测试类型；根据第三段中“The swab should be gently rubbed inside your pet’s cheek according to the kit’s directions before being placed into the collection container provided by the company. (在将拭子放入公司提供的收集容器之前，应根据试剂盒的说明在宠物的脸颊上轻轻摩擦拭子)”可知，第二、三步是轻轻擦拭子，将拭子放入容器中；根据第三段中“After collecting the sample, it should be mailed back to the laboratory for processing according to instructions given by the company providing the service. (样品采集后，应邮寄回实验室，根据提供服务的公司的说明进行处理)”可知，第四步是将样品邮寄回实验室；根据第三段中“Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1—2 weeks for results to be processed and sent back via email or mail. (一旦实验室收到，通常需要1到2周的时间来处理结果，并通过电子邮件或邮件发送回去)”可知，第五、六步是处理样品，接收结果。因此，进行DNA测试的正确顺序④-②-⑤-⑥-①-③。故选A项。 19．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“If you’re looking for an easy way to learn more about your pup’s background without spending too much money, then DNA testing might just be right up your alley. (如果你正在寻找一种简单的方法，在不花太多钱的情况下了解你的狗狗的背景，那么DNA检测可能正是你想要的)”可知，文章围绕近年来日益流行的狗的DNA检测展开，介绍了检测的用处、实现的方式，以及具体的操作流程，鼓励读者购买；由此可知，文章是关于狗DNA检测试剂盒推广。故选D项。 Passage 5 （23-24高一下·广东肇庆·期末）City gardens are unique spots in busy cities. Who would not like to take a break from the busy life and visit these peaceful places full of life and colours? 20 They take care of the gardens and turn them into colourful places for all to enjoy. Gardens are reminders that we should slow down and appreciate the beauty of nature. 21 There, the wind hits gently on your face while carrying a refreshing fragrance(香味) of flowers. Sounds calm, right? The sound of nature calms the mind like the little bees humming or leaves whispering to each other in the mild wind. 22 It’s as if they’re telling softly stories of the earth’s wonders for those who care and love to listen to them. These places aren’t just pretty; they are a perfect place to hang out with your family or friends. They are like community centers where everyone is welcome to chat , play games, exercise, and do whatever their heart desires. 23 You can plant your own garden in the backyard and enjoy its quietness. It is scientifically proven that spending time around the greens can affect your mood(心情) positively and help you get mental peace. Everyone should visit city gardens monthly for a peaceful break. Whenever you’re feeling stressed, go to relax in nature. And when you do, don’t forget to give a nod to the gardening service teams. 24 A．They’re making it all possible. B．Imagine walking in a city garden. C．It’s like nature’s own conversation. D．That’s where gardeners are discovered. E．Gardening is nothing less than a treatment. F．What makes them even more special are the gardeners. G．It’s easy to keep these gardens good-looking and lively. 【答案】20．F 21．B 22．C 23．E 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了城市花园在现代都市生活中的重要性和多重益处。 20．由上文“City gardens are unique spots in busy cities. Who would not like to take a break from the busy life and visit these peaceful places full of life and colours?(城市花园是繁忙城市中的独特景点。谁不想从繁忙的生活中休息一下，参观这些充满生机和色彩的宁静之地呢？)”可知，这里主要讲城市花园的魅力，而F项What makes them even more special are the gardeners.(让它们更特别的是园丁。)符合语境，其中them指代上文City gardens，the gardeners也与下文They对应，所以本句有承上启下作用。故选F项。 21．由下文“There, the wind hits gently on your face while carrying a refreshing fragrance(香味) of flowers. Sounds calm, right?(在那里，风轻轻地吹在你的脸上，同时带着清新的花香。听起来很平静，对吧？)”可知，这里主要讲花园中的风景，而B项Imagine walking in a city garden.(想象一下在城市花园里散步。)符合语境，其中in a city garden与下文There对应，有启下作用。故选B项。 22．由上文“The sound of nature calms the mind like the little bees humming or leaves whispering to each other in the mild wind.(大自然的声音让心灵平静下来，就像小蜜蜂在微风中嗡嗡作响或树叶在窃窃私语。)”可知，这里主要讲大自然对心灵的作用，而C项It’s like nature’s own conversation.(这就像大自然自己的对话。)符合语境，其中It代指上文The sound of nature，有承上作用。故选C项。 23．由下文“You can plant your own garden in the backyard and enjoy its quietness. It is scientifically proven that spending time around the greens can affect your mood(心情) positively and help you get mental peace.(你可以在后院种植自己的花园，享受它的宁静。科学证明，花时间在果岭周围可以积极影响你的情绪，帮助你获得心理平静。)”可知，本段提出建议，鼓励人们自己种植花园，并提到这样做对心情有积极影响。而E项Gardening is nothing less than a treatment.(园艺就是一种治疗。)符合语境，对下文有总括作用，其中 a treatment与下文get mental peace对应。故选E项。 24．由上文“Everyone should visit city gardens monthly for a peaceful break. Whenever you're feeling stressed, go to relax in nature. And when you do, don't forget to give a nod to the gardening service teams. (每个人都应该每月去城市花园放松一下。每当你感到压力时，去大自然放松一下。当你这样做的时候，别忘了向园艺服务团队点头致敬。)”可知，本段进行总结，建议每个人每月至少去一次城市花园放松，同时要感谢园艺服务团队。而A项They’re making it all possible.(他们让这一切成为可能。)符合语境，其中They代指上文the gardening service teams，有承上作用。故选A项。 Passage 6 完形填空 （23-24高一下·河北唐山·期末）The animal shelter where I worked received an old, blind dog. Based on her condition, we did not have much 25 that the dog we named Tabby would find a home. One day, a mom named Loretta 26 the shelter with Andrew, her son who suffered from seizures (癫痫). It was this boy who had 27 Tabby on the shelter website. What drew him to her was the note on her introduction explaining that Tabby had special needs. With the 28 boy, this well-meaning family 29 seemed like the perfect fit for Tabby. But the child would not 30 without his dog. So Tabby was officially their dog. Tabby's 31 was not yet finished. Through 32 , Loretta told us about the connection that had developed between her son and Tabby. Once Andrew suffered from four or more seizures a day, 33 he had not had a single one since Tabby came home. So concerned was he for Tabby’s 34 that he did not think about his seizures at all. The seizures did eventually 35 , but fewer in number and 36 between. Then something truly 37 happened. Tabby began to warn Andrew before each seizure. This made it possible for him to 38 by getting into a safe place and position. So Tabby, a dog with so many challenges and few options, not only found her perfect home but her perfect 39 . 25．A．hope B．doubt C．fear D．duty 26．A．put up B．came by C．ran for D．looked after 27．A．recognized B．attracted C．noticed D．contacted 28．A．sick B．naughty C．curious D．frank 29．A．rather B．hardly C．still D．nearly 30．A．leave B．recover C．speak D．focus 31．A．programme B．event C．story D．life 32．A．stages B．difficulties C．changes D．tears 33．A．so B．but C．and D．or 34．A．strengths B．disease C．needs D．age 35．A．worsen B．return C．disappear D．spread 36．A．farther B．milder C．shorter D．sharper 37．A．typical B．accidental C．formal D．magical 38．A．escape B．wake C．prepare D．explore 39．A．hero B．request C．boss D．job 【答案】 25．A 26．B 27．C 28．A 29．B 30．A 31．C 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．B 36．A 37．D 38．C 39．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一只盲狗Tabby被收养后的生活，以及它如何成为主人的守护者，给予主人警告，帮助他应对癫痫发作。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据她的情况，我们不太希望我们命名为塔比的狗能找到一个家。A. hope希望；B. doubt怀疑；C. fear恐惧；D. duty职责。根据上文“The animal shelter where I worked received an old, blind dog.”可知，由于小狗看不见，作者他们对于小狗找到一个家并不抱太大希望。故选A。 26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：一天，一位名叫洛雷塔的母亲带着安德鲁来到了收容所，安德鲁是她的儿子，患有癫痫。A. put up张贴；B. came by从旁走过，来到；C. ran for竞选；D. looked after照顾。根据下文“It was this boy who had ___3___ Tabby on the shelter website.”可知，这是因为安德鲁在网站上发现了这条小狗，所以洛雷塔带着安德鲁来到了收容所。故选B。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正是这个男孩在收容所的网站上注意到了塔比。A. recognized认出；B. attracted吸引；C. noticed注意到；D. contacted联系。根据下文“What drew him to her was the note on her introduction explaining that Tabby had special needs.”可知，网站上关于塔比的介绍信上的注释吸引了安德鲁的注意，说明这个男孩在收容所的网站上注意到了塔比。故选C。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有了这个生病的男孩，这个善意的家庭似乎不太适合塔比。A. sick生病的；B. naughty淘气的；C. curious好奇的；D. frank坦率的。根据上文“her son who suffered from seizures (癫痫)”可知，安德鲁患有癫痫，因此他是一个生病的孩子。故选A。 29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了这个生病的男孩，这个善意的家庭似乎不太适合塔比。A. rather相当；B. hardly几乎不；C. still仍然；D. nearly几乎。根据上文“One day, a mom named Loretta ___2___ the shelter with Andrew, her son who suffered from seizures (癫痫).”可知，这家的小男孩安德鲁患有癫痫，而小狗塔比也看不见，所以这个家庭似乎不太适合收养这条小狗。故选B。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这个孩子没有他的狗就不会离开。A. leave离开；B. recover恢复；C. speak说话；D. focus集中。根据上文“So Tabby was officially their dog.”可知，他们收养了塔比，所以安德鲁没有他的狗就不会离开收容所。故选A。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：塔比的故事还没有结束。A. programme节目；B. event事件；C. story故事；D. life生活。根据下文“Through ___8___ , Loretta told us about the connection that had developed between her son and Tabby.”可知，塔比的故事还没有结束，后面将继续讲述它和安德鲁的故事。故选C。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过眼泪，洛雷塔告诉我们她儿子和塔比之间建立的联系。A. stages阶段；B. difficulties困难；C. changes改变；D. tears眼泪。根据下文“The seizures did eventually___11___ , but fewer in number and ___12___ between.”可知，塔比的到来让安德鲁的癫痫得到了控制，所以洛雷塔非常的感动，此处表示她带着感动的眼泪告诉作者他们她儿子和塔比之间建立的联系。故选D。 33．考查连词词义辨析。句意：安德鲁曾经一天发作四次或更多次癫痫，但自从塔比回家后，他一次也没有发作过。A. so因此；B. but但是；C. and和；D. or或者。根据上文“Once Andrew suffered from four or more seizures a day”和下文“he had not had a single one since Tabby came home”可知，前后两句之间构成转折关系，说明The seizures did eventually , but fewer in number and between. Then something truly happened.曾经一天发作四次或更多次癫痫，但自从塔比回家后，他一次也没有发作过。故选B。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他非常关心塔比的需求，以至于他根本没有想过自己的癫痫。A. strengths优点；B. disease疾病；C. needs需求；D. age年龄。根据上文“What drew him to her was the note on her introduction explaining that Tabby had special needs.”可知，塔比有特殊需求，因此安德鲁非常关心它的需求。故选C。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：癫痫发作最终又回来了，但次数减少了，间隔时间也更长了。A. worsen恶化；B. return返回；C. disappear消失；D. spread传播。根据上文“The seizures did eventually”和下文“but fewer in number and 12 between.”可知，安德鲁癫痫发作的词数减少了，说明不是癫痫不发作了。所以此处表示癫痫发作最终又回来了。故选B。 36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：癫痫发作最终又回来了，但次数减少了，间隔时间也更长了。A. farther(时间或空间上)较远的；B. milder更温和的；C. shorter更短的；D. sharper更锋利的。根据上文“but fewer in number”可知，安德鲁癫痫发作的次数减少了，间隔时间也更长了。故选A。 37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后发生了一些真正神奇的事情。A. typical典型的；B. accidental偶然的；C. formal正式的；D. magical神奇的。根据下文“Tabby began to warn Andrew before each seizure.”可知，塔比开始在每次癫痫发作前警告安德鲁，这是一件神奇的事情。故选D。 38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这使得他能够通过进入一个安全的地方和位置来做准备。A. escape逃跑；B. wake醒来；C. prepare准备；D. explore探索。根据上文“Tabby began to warn Andrew before each seizure.”可知，塔比开始在每次癫痫发作前警告安德鲁，这使得他能够提前做准备。故选C。 39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以塔比，一只面临如此多挑战和选择有限的狗，不仅找到了它完美的家，而且找到了它完美的工作。A. hero英雄；B. request请求；C. boss老板；D. job工作。根据上文“Tabby began to warn Andrew before each seizure.”可知，塔比开始在每次癫痫发作前警告安德鲁，这使得安德鲁能够提前做准备，因此塔比找到了一份完美的工作，即作为安德鲁的癫痫发作预警犬。故选D。 Passage 7 语法填空 （23-24高一上·四川攀枝花·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As a nature photographer, I enjoy 40 (work) outside in the wild. One of the 41 (advantage) about this job is that you can observe animals in their 42 (nature) environment. My favorite place to take photos is Yellowstone National Park. As 43 first national park in the world, Yellowstone is famous 44 the variety of its wildlife and its bears. Despite a weight of up to 300 kilograms, they can 45 (run) at a speed of around 64 kilometers per hour. Last spring in Yellowstone, I followed a path that took me through a dark forest. When I finally 46 (step) out of the trees, the view was breathtaking. An eagle flew over the snow-capped mountains, which were reflected in the still lake below. While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched. 47 (Slow), and with the camera still held to my eye, I turned… and froze. Only meters away from me was a bear 48 stared back at me, with water falling off its thick, brown hair. Time stood still as the bear and I both waited to see who would move first. My legs started shaking. Somehow, I forced my finger 49 (press) the button. A second later, the bear turned and ran back into the forest. When I recovered from the shock, I looked at my camera. My most frightening but magical experience was now captured forever in a single image. 【答案】 40．working 41．advantages 42．natural 43．the 44．for 45．run 46．stepped 47．Slowly 48．that/which 49．to press 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名自然摄影师在黄石国家公园进行野外拍摄的一次经历。他描述了在公园中遇到一只熊的惊险时刻，以及如何成功捕捉到这一瞬间的照片。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名自然摄影师，我喜欢在野外工作。动词短语enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事，享受做某事”，因此应用work的动名词形式，作宾语。故填working。 41．考查名词复数。句意：这份工作的优点之一是你可以在自然环境中观察动物。固定结构“one of the+可数名词复数”，意为“……之一”，因此应用可数名词advantage的复数形式。故填advantages。 42．考查形容词。句意：这份工作的优点之一是你可以在自然环境中观察动物。空处是修饰environment的定语，nature的形容词形式natural符合题意，意为“自然的”。故填natural。 43．考查冠词。句意：作为世界上第一个国家公园，黄石公园以其种类繁多的野生动物和熊而闻名。此处表示“第一个国家公园”，序数词first前应用定冠词the。故填the。 44．考查介词。句意：作为世界上第一个国家公园，黄石公园以其种类繁多的野生动物和熊而闻名。根据“is famous”和“the variety of its wildlife and its bears”可知，此处应用形容词短语be famous for表示“以……而闻名”。故填for。 45．考查动词原形。句意：尽管重达300公斤，它们却能以每小时64公里的速度奔跑。情态动词can后应用动词原形run。故填run。 46．考查动词时态。句意：当我终于走出树林时，眼前的景色令人叹为观止。空处作When引导的从句的谓语，结合“the view was breathtaking”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填stepped。 47．考查副词。句意：慢慢地，镜头仍然贴在我的眼睛上，我转过身来，一动不动。空处修饰动词turned，Slow的副词形式Slowly符合题意，意为“慢慢地”，置于句首是为了起到强调的作用。故填Slowly。 48．考查定语从句。句意：离我只有几米远的地方有一只熊，它盯着我看，浓密的棕色毛发上淌着水。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a bear，先行词指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 49．考查非谓语动词。句意：不知怎么的，我强迫我的手指按下了按钮。动词短语force… to do sth.意为“强迫……做某事”，因此应用press的不定式形式，作宾语补足语。故填to press。 Passage8 (2025·成都市高中毕业班摸底测试) For decades, school education 1.____________________(lay)too much emphasis on the scores one gets in exams and ignored other aspects of children's 2. ____________________(person)development such as physical education and basic life skills. Partly as a result of this, some young people are 3. ___________________(able) to cook a simple meal, can't manage their time or their finances well, and don't know how to do the laundry or basic housekeeping. In a recently 4. ____________________　　　(announce) plan on compulsory education, the Ministry of Education has separated “practical activities” 5. ____________________　 the previous course “comprehensive practice” and made them an independent course. In the coming semester in September, primary and secondary school pupils will find 6.　 __________________ new “practical activities”course in their schedule, with at least one hour every week. Some complain that much of pupils' time and energy might 7. ____________________　(occupy), but the fact is 8. ____________________　　　 learning practical skills is an important element in shaping a person's character. Of course, the times have changed. It may seem unrealistic and unnecessary to require every young person 9. ____________________　(learn) such things when they can get most things done by clicking on an app. But learning how to cook two or three 10. ____________________(dish) and designing a nutritious recipe, for instance, are skills that develop children's independence and foster a good work spirit. 【答案】 1．has laid 2．personal 3．unable 4．announced　 5．from 6．the 7．be occupied　 8．that 9．to learn 10．dishes　 语篇导读：教育部宣布实践活动课程将纳入中小学生课表。 1．has laid　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“For decades”可知，此处应用现在完成时；school education与lay之间为主动关系，且主语school education为单数。lay emphasis on sth.“强调某事”。故填has laid。 2．personal　考查形容词。空处修饰空后的名词development, 需用形容词。故填personal。 3．unable　考查形容词。结合空后的“can't manage”和“and don't know”及句意可知，此处意为“一些年轻人不会做一顿简单的饭”。故填unable。 4．announced　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语修饰plan。plan与announce之间为逻辑上的被动关系。故填announced。 5．from　考查介词。separate...from...“把……和……分开”，是固定搭配。故填from。 6．the　考查冠词。空处修饰的“new ‘practical activities’ course”在上文中已有相关内容，再次出现时需要特指。故填the。 7．be occupied　考查动词的语态。主语much of pupils' time and energy与occupy之间为被动关系，且空前有情态动词might。故填be occupied。 8．that　考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句不缺成分，且意思完整。故填that。 9．to learn　考查非谓语动词。require sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”是固定表达。故填to learn。 10．dishes　考查名词复数。dish是可数名词，又根据空前的two or three可知，空处应用名词复数。故填dishes。 $