Unit 2 Wildlife Protection 野生动物保护 (话题阅读精练）英语人教版2019必修第二册

Unit 2 Wildlife Protection野生动物保护 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 When the buying stops，the killing can too. —WildAid 释义：没有买卖就没有杀害。 ——野生动物救援 启示：这是保护野生动物的公益广告宣传语。它告诉人们，人类消费的每一只犀牛角、每一件皮草、每一碗鱼翅汤、每一件象牙制品、每一种虎骨制品等，其背后都有无辜的野生动物惨遭屠戮。 主题词汇积累 一、保护行动类 · protect wildlife habitats 保护野生动物栖息地 · combat illegal hunting 打击非法捕猎 · establish nature reserves 建立自然保护区 · launch conservation campaigns 开展保护宣传活动 · reintroduce endangered species 重新引入濒危物种 二、生存威胁类 · face habitat loss 面临栖息地丧失 · suffer from poaching 遭受偷猎之苦 · be at risk of extinction 处于灭绝风险 · struggle with climate change 受气候变化威胁 · be affected by human encroachment 因人类侵占（土地、资源 ）受影响 三、生态关联类 · maintain ecological balance 维持生态平衡 · contribute to biodiversity 助力生物多样性 · form a food chain relationship 构成食物链关系 · share the same ecosystem 共享同一生态系统 四、认知倡导类 · raise wildlife protection awareness 提升野生动物保护意识 · promote sustainable coexistence 倡导可持续共存 · educate about wildlife values 开展野生动物价值科普 · call for responsible tourism 呼吁负责任的生态旅游 · support wildlife - friendly policies 支持利于野生动物保护的政策 时文拓展阅读 (2024·山东省青岛市高一上期末)An adult African elephant consumes about 223 liters of water and 3，080 pounds of roots, grass and fruit daily. That's like having 634 cans of soda and 1，200 hamburgers every day. This keeps them moving thousands of miles across Africa each year. Elephants usually migrate between March and May. Females live in groups with their children, and quickly run out of the food supply. They hit the road in search of food. Male elephants live alone, so they don't use resources as quickly as the females. Instead, they migrate during their mating cycle. When the females pack their trunks, so do the males. During migration, elephants face short water supplies and extremely high temperatures. But people are their number­one problem. Poachers (偷猎者) kill 35，000 elephants each year for ivory. Many African farmers build fences (栅栏) to protect crops and cattle, which might block regular migration paths. Traffic roads affect elephant migration, too. During one study of 28 elephants in Central Africa, only one female crossed an unprotected road. Scientists, wildlife organizations and governments cooperate to find solutions for Africa's elephants. “To unlock the secret of where elephants move and how they move, we place collars (项圈) with a satellite unit inside，” Dr Michael Chase says. GPS collars help map which routes elephants use most so that countries can establish protected elephant passages. Locals come in as well. James Isiche, East Africa Director of the International Fund for Animal Welfare says, “We have got the community on our side by a project; they've agreed to partner with us to conserve elephants.” The local community run wildlife parks to attract tourists. “This project helps us take care of both the wildlife and our cows，” says Sikira, a tribal elder in Maasai, Kenya. Protecting elephant migration routes allows these gentle giants to survive. 【译文欣赏】 一头成年非洲象每天要消耗约 223 升水，以及 3080 磅的根茎、青草和水果。这就好比每天要喝 634 罐汽水、吃 1200 个汉堡。如此大的食量，使得它们每年要在非洲大地上迁徙数千英里。大象通常在 3 月到 5 月间迁徙。母象会和幼象群居生活，食物很快就会耗尽，于是它们就踏上旅途去寻找食物。公象独自生活，所以消耗资源的速度不像母象那么快，它们会在交配周期内迁徙。当母象开始迁徙时，公象也会跟上。 在迁徙过程中，大象要面对水资源短缺和极端高温的挑战，但人类才是它们面临的头号难题。偷猎者每年为获取象牙会猎杀 3.5 万头大象。许多非洲农民会搭建栅栏来保护庄稼和牲畜，而这可能会阻断大象常规的迁徙路线。公路也会对大象迁徙造成影响。在一项针对中非 28 头大象的研究中，只有一头母象穿过了一条没有防护设施的公路。 科学家、野生动物组织和政府携手合作，为非洲大象寻找保护对策。“为了弄清楚大象的迁徙路线和方式，我们给它们戴上内置卫星装置的项圈，” 迈克尔・蔡斯博士说道。GPS 项圈有助于绘制出大象最常走的路线，这样各国就能设立受保护的大象迁徙通道。 当地社区也参与进来。国际爱护动物基金会东非地区主任詹姆斯・伊西切表示：“我们通过一个项目争取到了社区的支持，他们已同意和我们合作保护大象。” 当地社区运营野生动物园来吸引游客。“这个项目帮助我们同时守护了野生动物和自家的牛群，” 肯尼亚马赛族的一位部落长老西基拉说道。保护大象的迁徙路线，能让这些温顺的庞然大物得以生存下去。 【词汇积累】 英文 词性 中文释义 拓展 / 例句 consume v. 消耗；消费 The car consumes a lot of fuel.（这辆车很耗油 ） migrate v. 迁徙；迁移 Birds migrate south in winter.（鸟类冬季往南方迁徙 ） supply n. 供应；补给 We need a new supply of water.（我们需要新的水源补给 ） mating adj. 交配的 the mating season（交配季节 ） extremely adv. 极其；非常 It's extremely cold today.（今天非常冷 ） poacher n. 偷猎者 Poachers are a threat to wildlife.（偷猎者对野生动物是种威胁 ） block v. 阻挡；堵塞 The road is blocked by a tree.（路被一棵树挡住了 ） cooperate v. 合作 We should cooperate to solve the problem.（我们应合作解决问题 ） conserve v. 保护；保存 We need to conserve water.（我们需要节约用水 ，也可用于保护自然资源等 ） 【知识拓展】 1. 非洲象的生存现状：非洲象因象牙贸易，长期遭受偷猎威胁，数量急剧减少，是濒危物种。同时，人类活动（如农业扩张、道路建设 ）不断挤压其生存空间，影响迁徙、觅食等行为，保护非洲象成为全球生物多样性保护的重要议题 。 2. 动物迁徙研究手段：文中提到给大象戴带卫星装置的项圈（GPS collars ），这是现代动物迁徙研究常用技术。通过卫星追踪，科学家能精准掌握动物迁徙路线、活动规律，为制定保护策略（如建立迁徙通道 ）提供数据支持，类似手段也用于研究鸟类、鲸鱼等迁徙物种 。 3. 社区参与保护模式：非洲一些地区推动当地社区参与野生动物保护，像文中提到的运营野生动物园吸引游客。这种模式能让社区从保护中获益（如旅游收入 ），从而更主动参与，形成 “保护 - 发展” 良性循环，是生物多样性保护的创新实践方向 。 【词汇延伸】 1. consume（v. 消耗；消费 ） · 词形拓展： · consumer（n. 消费者 ）：“Green consumers prefer eco - friendly products.”（环保消费者更喜欢生态友好型产品 ） · consumption（n. 消耗；消费量 ）：“The car has a high fuel consumption.”（这辆车油耗很高 ） · 近义词：use up（用完 ）、devour（狼吞虎咽；大量消耗 ，侧重快速 / 彻底消耗 ） ，如 “The fire devoured the forest.”（大火吞噬了森林 ，这里可理解为 “消耗” 森林资源 ） 2. migrate（v. 迁徙；迁移 ） · 词形拓展： · migration（n. 迁徙；迁移 ）：“Bird migration is a wonderful natural phenomenon.”（鸟类迁徙是奇妙的自然现象 ） · migrant（n. 候鸟；移民 ）：“Many migrants move to cities for better jobs.”（许多移民为更好工作搬到城市 ；也可指 “候鸟” ，如 “bird migrants” ） · 近义词：relocate（重新安置；迁徙 ，更侧重 “人为 / 主动迁移位置” ） ，如 “The company decided to relocate its factory.”（公司决定搬迁工厂 ；若说动物，可拟人化用 ，如 “Some animals relocate seasonally.” ） 3. supply（n. 供应；补给 / v. 供应；提供 ） · 词形拓展： · supplier（n. 供应商 ）：“We need to find a reliable water supplier.”（我们得找可靠的水供应商 ） · supply chain（供应链 ）：“Disruptions in the supply chain affect product delivery.”（供应链中断影响产品交付 ） · 近义词（作动词 ）：provide（提供 ，更通用 ）、furnish（供应；装备 ，侧重 “配备 / 提供完整物资” ） ，如 “The hotel furnishes guests with clean towels.”（酒店给客人提供干净毛巾 ） 4. block（v. 阻挡；堵塞 / n. 街区；障碍物 ） · 词形拓展： · blockage（n. 堵塞；障碍物 ）：“A blockage in the pipe caused the flood.”（管道堵塞引发了水灾 ） · blockbuster（n. 大片；轰动之作 ，原义 “大炸弹” ，引申为 “影响大的事物” ） ：“The new movie is a summer blockbuster.”（这部新电影是暑期大片 ） · 近义词（作动词 ）：obstruct（妨碍；阻塞 ，更正式，常指 “故意 / 严重阻碍” ） ，如 “Construction work is obstructing traffic.”（建筑工程阻碍了交通 ） 5. conserve（v. 保护；保存 ） · 词形拓展： · conservation（n. 保护；保存 ，尤指自然资源、文化遗产等 ）：“Wildlife conservation is crucial for biodiversity.”（野生动物保护对生物多样性至关重要 ） · conservative（adj. 保守的；守旧的 / n. 保守派 ）：“He has a conservative attitude towards new technology.”（他对新技术态度保守 ） · 近义词：preserve（保护；维护 ，侧重 “维持原有状态” ）、protect（保护 ，通用词 ） ，如 “We must preserve ancient buildings.”（我们必须保护古建筑 ，和 conserve 在 “文化遗产保护” 语境可替换 ） 6. establish（v. 建立；设立 ） · 词形拓展： · establishment（n. 建立；机构 ）：“The establishment of the nature reserve took years.”（自然保护区的建立花了数年 ；也可指 “企业 / 机构” ，如 “a business establishment” ） · established（adj. 已建立的；公认的 ）：“an established brand”（一个知名品牌 ） · 近义词：found（创立；创办 ，侧重 “从无到有创建” ）、set up（建立；搭建 ，口语化 ） ，如 “They founded a charity to help elephants.”（他们创立了一个慈善机构帮助大象 ；set up 更随意，如 “set up a tent” ） 【长难句分析】 1. 句子：An adult African elephant consumes about 223 liters of water and 3,080 pounds of roots, grass and fruit daily. That's like having 634 cans of soda and 1,200 hamburgers every day. · 分析：第一句是简单陈述句，主语 “An adult African elephant” ，谓语 “consumes” ，宾语是水、食物等内容，清晰呈现大象日常的食量。第二句用比喻的方式，把大象食量类比成人们熟悉的汽水罐和汉堡数量，“like having...” 是介词短语作表语，让抽象的食量数据更直观易懂 。 2. 句子：Many African farmers build fences (栅栏) to protect crops and cattle, which might block regular migration paths. · 分析：主句是 “Many African farmers build fences... to protect crops and cattle” ，“to protect...” 是不定式作目的状语，说明建栅栏的目的。“which might block regular migration paths” 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 “fences” ，补充说明栅栏对大象迁徙路径的影响，“which” 在从句中作主语 。 3. 句子：To unlock the secret of where elephants move and how they move, we place collars (项圈) with a satellite unit inside，” Dr Michael Chase says. · 分析：“To unlock the secret of where elephants move and how they move” 是不定式短语作目的状语，其中 “where elephants move and how they move” 是宾语从句，作 “secret” 的同位语，解释 “secret” 的具体内容。主句是 “we place collars... inside” ，“with a satellite unit inside” 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “collars” 。 4. 句子：GPS collars help map which routes elephants use most so that countries can establish protected elephant passages. · 分析：主句 “GPS collars help map which routes elephants use most” 中，“map” 是谓语动词，“which routes elephants use most” 是宾语从句，作 “map” 的宾语。“so that countries can establish protected elephant passages” 是目的状语从句，说明给大象戴 GPS 项圈、绘制迁徙路线图的目的 。 高考真题链接 （2023·全国甲卷·高考真题）Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. “Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans. The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 12．How do Americans look at grizzlies? A．They cause mixed feelings in people. B．They should be kept in national parks. C．They are of high scientific value. D．They are a symbol of American culture. 13．What has helped the increase of the grizzly population? A．The European settlers’ behavior. B．The expansion of bears’ range. C．The protection by law since 1975. D．The support of Native Americans. 14．What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies? A．The opposition of conservation groups. B．The successful comeback of grizzlies. C．The voice of the biologists. D．The local farmers’ advocates. 15．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Food should be provided for grizzlies. B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C．A special path should be built for grizzlies. D．Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. 1.句子：Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. · 分析： 主句为 “Grizzly bears occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche”，核心结构为 “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”。 “which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg” 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 “Grizzly bears”，补充说明灰熊的体型特征。 破折号后 “we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams” 是对 “conflicted corner” 的解释，其中 “even as” 引导让步状语从句，体现美国人对灰熊 “敬畏与恐惧并存” 的矛盾心理。 2.句子：Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. · 分析： 主干为 “so...that...” 引导的结果状语从句，“Their recovery has been so successful” 是主句。 “that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies” 是结果状语，说明恢复成功的后果。 “which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted” 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 “delist grizzlies”，解释 “除名” 的影响 —— 法律保护减弱并允许捕猎。 3.句子：Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. · 分析： 动名词短语 “Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters” 作主语，强调 “设置电动围栏” 这一行为。 表语部分 “highly effective at getting grizzlies away” 说明该行为的效果，其中 “be effective at doing” 为固定搭配。 英文 词性 中文释义 例句 / 搭配 occupy v. 占据；占领 The city was occupied by enemy forces.（这座城市被敌军占领）。 conflicted adj. 矛盾的；冲突的 She had a conflicted attitude toward her career.（她对职业有矛盾的态度）。 psyche n. 心理；心灵；精神 The story reflects the human psyche.（这个故事反映了人类心理）。 delist v. 从名单中除名 The company was delisted from the stock market.（这家公司被退市）。 overturn v. 推翻；撤销；使翻转 The court overturned the previous decision.（法院推翻了先前的判决）。 lawsuit n. 诉讼；法律诉讼 The company faced a lawsuit for pollution.（这家公司因污染面临诉讼）。 precaution n. 预防措施；警惕 Take precautions against fire.（采取防火措施）。 attractant n. 引诱剂；吸引物 Flowers are attractants for bees.（花是蜜蜂的吸引物）。 背景知识： 0. 美国《濒危物种法》（Endangered Species Act, ESA）： 1973 年颁布，是美国保护濒危物种及其栖息地的核心法律，旨在防止物种灭绝、促进种群恢复。灰熊于 1975 年被列入该法案保护名单，获得法律层面的严格保护（如禁止捕猎、栖息地破坏等），这是其数量从 20 世纪 70 年代的 600-800 头恢复到如今 2000 多头的关键原因。 0. 灰熊保护争议： 一方面，灰熊数量恢复引发 “是否应解除保护” 的争议：支持者认为其种群已稳定，可适度开放捕猎；反对者（如环保组织）则强调栖息地碎片化、气候变化等威胁仍存在，需持续保护。文中 “两次试图除名被诉讼推翻” 即体现了这一矛盾。 0. 人熊冲突与解决措施： 灰熊因觅食进入人类活动区域（如农场、营地）时，可能引发冲突（如杀死牲畜、破坏财物）。常见预防措施包括：移除食物源（避免吸引灰熊）、设置电动围栏、建立 “无诱饵区域” 等，这些措施旨在减少冲突，实现人与熊的共存。 阅读微技能（解题技巧） 1.关键词定位法： 如第 12 题询问美国人对灰熊的看法，通过题干关键词 “Americans look at grizzlies” 定位到第一段 “conflicted corner of the American psyche”，直接匹配 A 选项 “mixed feelings”。 2.因果逻辑推理： 第 13 题问灰熊数量增长的原因，需梳理文中因果链：1975 年列入《濒危物种法》（因）→ 法律保护加强 → 数量恢复（果），对应 C 选项。注意排除干扰项 B（“范围扩张” 是数量增长的表现，而非原因）。 3.细节对比分析： 第 14 题考查 “阻止除名的因素”，根据第四段 “Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups”，直接锁定 A 选项 “环保组织的反对”，需区分 “生物学家的观点” 与 “环保组织诉讼” 的不同作用。 4.段落主旨归纳： 最后一段通过 “precautions”“remove food”“electric fencing” 等措施，以及生物学家的言论，归纳出主旨：人类可通过主动措施减少冲突，与灰熊和谐共处，对应 B 选项。避免过度推断 D 选项 “引入技术”（仅提到电动围栏，非泛指所有技术）。 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 应用文 318 文章主要介绍非洲象、猩猩和北极熊这三种动物母亲为养育幼崽所做的努力。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 336 文章主要介绍了气候变化对鸟类体型和翼展的影响，以及科学家对此现象的研究和解释。 Passage 3 阅读理解 说明文 312 文章探讨了气候变化如何导致海洋动物迁徙行为的变化，特别是通过北极融冰通道在太平洋和大西洋之间出现的“动物区系交换”现象及其潜在影响。 Passage 4 阅读理解 说明文 294 文章通过实验证明噪声污染不仅间接（通过动物）还直接危害植物生长，强调其对生态系统的广泛威胁。 Passage 5 阅读理解 记叙文 485 文章主要通过讲述抖音骑行主播赵朔和他的猫悟空的故事，表达了真正的自由源于接受生活的无常。 Passage 6 阅读理解 新闻报道 339 文章主要讲述了科学家在印度尼西亚观察到一只雄性猩猩Rakus用具有药用价值的植物有意治疗面部伤口，并探讨了这种行为的可能来源及意义。 Passage 7 七选五 记叙文 263 文章主要讲述了作者与祖母一起种植番茄，并从中领悟到园艺的意义和乐趣，以及园艺对个人成长和心灵的治愈作用。 Passage 8 完形填空 记叙文 216 文章主要讲述了Chrissy Lovitt和她的狗Macy在海上偶遇鲸鱼，以及她重建观鲸旅游业务并帮助火灾幸存者的故事。 Passage 1 （湖北省荆门市2024-2025学年高一下学期期末英语试卷）It’s important to remember humans aren’t the only ones who take amazing steps to protect nurture and raise their young. The animal kingdom is filled with moms that go the extra mile for their young. Here’s a look at three outstanding animal mothers. African Elephant Baby elephants can’t see well at first, so they heavily depend on their mothers and stick close to them for the first few months of their lives. Elephants form a matriarchal (母系的) society where just about every female takes part in raising the little ones. Elephant babies usually stay with their mothers for support and nutrition for up to two years, during which they are also taught to find food, collect water, and protect themselves. Orangutan (猩猩) Orangutan moms stand out in the mothering world thanks to two major elements of their parenting. First, they either build a new nest or head to an older one every single night. Not impressed yet? Consider the second unbelievable qualities of orangutan moms: Orangutan kids have the longest dependence period of any land-dwelling animal, and they will stay with their moms for up to seven years as mom teaches them how to find food and build nests. They even come back to “visit” for much longer than that to learn mothering skills themselves later on. Polar Bears A pregnant female creates a den in deep snow where she’ll give birth to cubs weighing just 1.5 pounds—while she herself hasn’t eaten for months. For up to eight months, she’ll nurse these weak cubs using only her fat reserves, losing up to 43% of her body weight in the process. Once they come out of the den, polar bear mothers become protectors, willing to fight even larger male bears that pose a threat to their cubs. They’ll spend 2.5 years or so teaching their young essential survival skills for Arctic life. 1．How do elephant mothers help their young? A．By instructing them on parenting skills B．By teaching them to find food and water. C．By protecting them for only a few days. D．By leaving them in the wild uncared for. 2．What is special about the Orangutan kids? A．They have poor sight at first. B．They like living in the old nests. C．They have a close bond with their mother. D．They can live without eating for months 3．How long will the polar bears learn to survive from their mother? A．For a few months B．For less than 2 year C．For more than 7 years. D．For about 2.5 years. Passage 2 （河南省郑州市2024-2025学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题）Climate change is having a far-reaching and significant impact on the world’s bird species, with a new study revealing that many are becoming smaller in size. This research provides crucial insights into the complex relationship between birds and their changing environment. Researchers from multiple famous universities, such as the University of Guelph and the University of Michigan, carefully examined data on nearly 80, 000 individual birds from 52 species across North America. Their in-depth study covered a period of over 40 years. During this period, as the global climate continued to warm, with average temperatures steadily rising, a remarkable trend emerged: the birds, on average, became smaller. In addition to the decrease in body size, the birds’ wingspans (翼幅) have also increased slightly. Scientists believe this is a natural way to survive. In warmer conditions, a larger wingspan can help birds generate more lift with less effort, enabling them to migrate more flexibly over long distances. The study’s lead author, Dr. Ryan Norris, noted that the changes in bird size and wingspan are highly likely a direct response to climate change. “Birds are highly sensitive to environmental changes, and these findings suggest that they are evolving (进化) in response to rising temperatures,” he said. “Smaller body size may help birds regulate their body temperature more effectively in warmer climates, while the increase in wingspan could aid in their ability to find food and mates over larger areas as habitats shift.” However, the researchers also warned that these changes could have negative consequences for some bird species. For instance, smaller-bodied songbirds may have less energy to bear the delicate balance of competition for resources. A bird with a changed wingspan might find it more difficult to compete with its peers for limited food sources or nesting sites. Additionally, as the predator-prey (捕食者与猎物) relationship is often based on the birds’ original physical feature, the new wingspan characteristics could also impact their ability to avoid predators. 1．What did the researchers from the universities do? A．They investigated the differences between birds. B．They studied bird migration patterns over 40 years. C．They analyzed data on many birds of varied species. D．They observed bird behavior during warmer climates. 2．Why do birds’ wingspans increase slightly? A．To fly faster and higher in warm climates. B．To attract mates by enlarging their bodies. C．To adapt well to the changing environment. D．To improve the predator avoidance abilities. 3．What do Dr. Ryan Norris’s remarks convey? A．Birds are seldom sensitive to warming climate. B．Rising temperatures affect bird size and wingspan. C．The habitat changing primarily pushes bird evolution. D．An increased size in wingspan is mainly for food competition. 4．What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph? A．Birds will be free from their predators. B．Large bird species may become extinct. C．Birds will have even more food sources. D．Some birds may face survival challenges. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·湖北襄阳·期末）A research paper argues that climate change has led to more sea animals changing their migratory (迁徙的) behavior. In the spring of 2010, a gray whale, which lives in the Pacific Ocean, was spotted in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Israel. It was the first time a gray whale had been seen in the North Atlantic in about 200 years. A group of scientists, led by Seabird McKeon, recently published a paper about the strange pattern. It suggests that climate change may be the reason. The Arctic generally acts as an obstruction between the Pacific and the Atlantic, keeping animals from moving between the two oceans. However, as the climate has become warmer, ice in the Arctic Sea has started to melt (融化). As a result, passages have opened up in the ice, allowing animals to cross through the Arctic. Scientists call these movements “faunal exchange”. It is not the first time that such a movement has happened, and perhaps McKeon and his team’s examination of past examples might account for it. One example considered is a large exchange that occurred several million years ago. A thin piece of land called the Isthmus of Panama formed between North and South America, allowing land animals to cross between the two continents for the first time. As a result, animals from North America reached South America and outcompeted many of the native species there. In that case, faunal exchange upset the perfect balance of the food web. Besides, it may lead to genetic changes as well, which created new genetic combinations. At this point, faunal exchange between the Pacific and Atlantic is already occurring and will only increase as more passages open up. McKeon said that close attention should be paid to faunal exchange across the Arctic. If it continues, it may create new threats. 1．What does the underlined word “obstruction” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．A habitat for sea animals. B．A shelter for fish gathering. C．A passage for animals to cross. D．A block to animals’ movements. 2．How does the author explain “faunal exchange” in paragraph 3? A．By quoting an expert. B．By listing numbers. C．By making a comparison. D．By giving a definition. 3．How would McKeon feel about the effect of the faunal exchange? A．Concerned. B．Puzzled. C．Favorable. D．Uncaring. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Climate change impacts animal migration patterns. B．Melting ice threatens the survival of many species. C．Faunal exchange has become a global phenomenon. D．The discovery of gray whales inspires related research. Passage 4 （24-25高二下·贵州贵阳·期末）Many animals depend on sound for survival — finding food, detecting danger, and communicating. When noisy motorways cut through their habitats, these creatures face challenges. Some adapt by speaking louder, others shift their calling times, and a few relocate to quieter areas. However, all these adjustments come at a cost, and noise pollution has long been recognized as harmful to the environment. For a long time, it was believed that only animals were affected by noise. But a new study by botanist Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi from Shahid Behesti University in Tehran reveals that plants suffer too. Plants can be indirectly harmed by noise. Most flowering plants rely on pollinators, and fruit-bearing plants need animals to spread seeds. If these animals are damaged by noise, the plants will struggle. Yet, whether plants are directly impacted by noise remained unknown. Sounds are pressure waves traveling through gases, liquids, and solids. Scientists suspected plants could sense these waves. Recent lab experiments found that when exposed to ultrasound (超声波), plants show negative responses — activating stress-related genes, growing stuntedly, and having fewer seeds sprout. However, lab-based ultrasound exposure differs from real-world traffic noise. To explore this, Dr. Ghotbi-Ravandi conducted an experiment. His team grew two common urban plants from seeds in the lab. After two months of growth, the plants were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to 73-decibel traffic noise (recorded from a busy Tehran motorway) for 16 hours daily; the other grew in silence. After 15 days, samples from the youngest fully-developed leaves were analyzed. Plants in the noisy group fared poorly. Chemical markers of stress were much higher. Notably, it doubled compared to the quiet group. This study proves noise pollution directly harms plants, highlighting a broader environmental threat. 1．What was the aim of Dr. Ghotbi-Ravandi’s experiment? A．To prove that ultrasound harms plants. B．To test if plants can adapt to traffic noise. C．To compare the growth of different urban plants. D．To find out if plants are directly affected by traffic noise. 2．From the passage, we can infer that ________. A．noise pollution may largely harm the ecosystem B．plants and animals react to noise in the same way C．only urban plants are affected by traffic noise D．plants can protect themselves from noise pollution 3．The underlined word “stuntedly” in paragraph 4 means “________”. A．quickly B．slowly. C．healthily D．alone 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Urban Plants: Victims of Traffic Noise. B．How Noise Pollution Changes Ecosystems. C．New Study: Plants Suffer from Noise Directly. D．Plants and Animals: Partners in Noise Pollution. Passage 5 （24-25高一下·天津和平·期末）The Feather of Impermanence (无常) Would you spend 30 minutes every day looking at a kitty and interacting with it? Even it is just an electronic kitty? Recently, Zhao Shuo @Zhao Shuo’s Journey to the West, a Tiktok riding broadcaster, and his cat Wukong, whom he met and adopted on his way to the west, became popular on the Internet. Zhao Shuo’s videos showed towering snow-capped mountains, winding rivers, and his fluffy cat, Wukong. Like a magnet, they appealed to millions of tired city people. For months, fans enjoyed their “digital pet,” sending warm greetings like “Goodnight, Wukong” across screens. Zhao Shuo kept cycling outdoors, covering 12,000 miles, half of which was with Wukong since their meeting in Kanas, Xinjiang. Many amusing little things happened on their journey, and Wukong’s arrival also made Zhao’s video clips more lively and vivid. In a world of constant wanting and stress, their simple journey shone brightly. People saw real innocence (天真) and freedom, making their own material lives seem pale. Then came the switch. Wukong suddenly died of uncertain reasons, and even to this day, there are many doubts surrounding his death, which was so unacceptable that people kept desperately asking why — but their cries were about more than a lost cat. Wukong’s death felt like the death of innocence itself. We long for safety, happiness, and warmth to last forever, like solid rocks. Wukong’s unexplained end destroyed that dream like lightning. It showed life’s cruel truth: everything is fragile, and fate is unpredictable. It left a heavy emptiness. Zhao Shuo drove 1,500 miles to bury Wukong back in Kanas. This long journey through grief was his valley of sorrow. The song” Dear You” cried out his pain — but the true strength from his action isn’t just tears. Facing severe loss, finding your way from the ruins, that is growth. By returning Wukong to Kanas Lake’s clear water, he touched life’s deepest truth: even when love is broken, its unseen bond remains strong. Wukong, that light feather, was blown away by the wind of change. He took our dream of perfect safety with him. Yet, he also lifted a veil (面纱): trying to hold happiness tight is like grasping sand — it slips away. True peace isn’t a high wall against life’s storms. It’s like Kanas Lake. After mountains, clouds, wind, and rain paint its surface, it stays clear and deep. It holds all changes yet still reflects the whole sky — embracing every cloud and bird. Life’s meaning isn’t found in castles built up with material accumulation, or in chasing forever-happiness. It lives in the wide field of the heart. Our deepest freedom and widest peace are found simply, not by avoiding loss, but by walking through its storm. Losing Wukong taught us this: accepting impermanence is the path to inner calm and the truest freedom. 1．What is the probable meaning of the underlined word in the second paragraph? A．impact B．threat C．encouragement D．attraction 2．The third paragraph primarily serves to ________. A．illustrate the contrast between idealism and severe reality B．mark a turning point in the narrative’s emotional tone C．criticize public skepticism towards unexpected events D．emphasize the medical mystery of Wukong’s death 3．What can be inferred from Zhao Shuo’s act of driving 1,500 miles to bury Wukong in Kanas? A．His journey symbolized a process of facing up to sadness and acceptance. B．He rejected the reality of impermanence through denial. C．He sought public sympathy through a dramatic action. D．His primary goal was to fulfill Wukong’s presumed last wish. 4．The author’s central message in the passage is that ________. A．material pursuits unavoidably lead to emptiness B．pet companionship is essential for emotional healing C．true freedom arises from embracing the ever-changing nature of life D．the fame gained from social media cannot relieve an enormous personal loss Passage 6 （24-25高一下·湖北荆州·期末）Scientists working in Indonesia have observed an orangutan (猩猩) intentionally treating a wound on his face with a medical plant, the first time this behaviour has been documented. According to a paper published in Scientific Reports, Rakus, a male orangutan, treated a facial wound by chewing (咀嚼) leaves from a plant and then covered the wound with the chewed leaves, which are used in traditional medicine to treat certain illnesses. The study’s lead author Isabelle Laumer said the team were “very excited” by the observation. Although other wild primates (灵长类动物) are known to use plants that have medical effects, scientists have never seen them used to treat recent wounds. The team believe Rakus intentionally used the plant as he applied it over and over again in a process that took several minutes. Rakus was most likely hurt in a fight with another male orangutan, which is not common in this area due to plenty of food and good relationships between orangutans. This means orangutans seldom suffer wounds, giving researchers few opportunities to observe this behaviour. As for how Rakus learnt to treat his wound, one explanation is “accidental individual invention”. The orangutan may have touched his wound accidentally while feeding on the plant and felt immediate pain relief due to its pain-relieving effects, making him repeat the behaviour. Another explanation is that Rakus learned from other orangutans in the area where he was born. The observation provides new understanding about the existence of self-treatment in our closest relatives and how wound treatment began in evolution, added Laumer, raising the possibility that wound treatment may come from a common ancestor shared by humans and orangutans. Thus researchers plan to closely observe other orangutans in the area to see if the behaviour is repeated. “The findings indicate how much humans and orangutans have in common. We are more similar than different,” she said. “We hope this study raises awareness of how to protect these endangered animals in the wild.” 1．Why is Rakus thought to have used the plant on purpose? A．He managed to tell the plant from others. B．He taught his partners to do the same thing. C．He repeated the behaviour in a certain period. D．He had used plants with medical effects before. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The individual invention Rakus designed. B．The possible ways Rakus learnt self-treatment. C．The delicious plants Rakus fed on accidentally. D．The immediate pain relief Rakus got from the plant. 3．What do the researchers plan to do? A．Analyze the findings. B．Identify more evidence. C．Prove the significance. D．Consider more possibilities. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Plant Is Found to Treat Animal Wound B．Orangutans Include Plant in their Diet C．Scientists Discover New Medical Plant D．Orangutan Uses Plant to Deal with Injury Passage 7 （四川省广安市2024-2025学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题）I always admired my grandmother Jenny’s gardening skills. But it wasn’t until a sunny afternoon in her backyard that I became interested in gardening myself. We were there to grow tomatoes. She handed me a tiny seedling (幼苗) and shared stories of her own grandmother doing the same. It’s a family tradition! Over time, the tiny seedling had grown into a large tomato plant with many juicy red tomatoes. 1 We spent hours in her kitchen making delicious homemade sauce out of them. Just the smell alone brought back so many memories. My time in the garden with my grandma showed me that gardening is more than just a hobby. 2 The garden became something we both loved, bringing us closer together and creating a strong bond. If the garden is your favorite place, consider inviting other family members to join you in the dirt. It’s a great way of bonding with people. 3 It has its tough moments, but the good thing is that every setback teaches us to be strong. Gardening is my personal therapist (治疗师). 4 Gardening has taught me patience, resilience, and the beauty of life’s cycles. It’s given me a sense of purpose and the joy of caring for something from seed to flower. In the garden, I’ve found comfort during difficult times and celebration during moments of success. 5 It offers a break from city life. It is a chance to grow as a gardener and person. And it brings the joy of watching life grow well under your care. A．I find joy and peace in it. B．It’s a way to connect with our roots. C．The benefits of gardening are varied. D．Gardening is like painting with nature. E．I saw the moments as opportunities to learn. F．However, gardening isn’t all sunshine and flowering roses. G．Harvesting those tomatoes with my grandma was a joy I won’t forget. Passage 8 （24-25高二下·河北·期末）Chrissy Lovitt and her dog Macy were in a fishing boat about 3 kilometers off Lahaina on Saturday when they spotted a whale in the water. “When the whale heard the 1 barking, it swam over,” Lovitt recalled. “Then I 2 took out my phone and recorded the 3 encounter.” In the video, Macy is seen barking loudly as the whale 4 the boat. To their surprise, the whale raises its head to 5 the excited dog. “Macy 6 on my boats and has become my trusty 7 ,” said Lovitt, who 8 her whale-watching tour business after losing all her boats in a deadly wildfire two months ago. “When Macy was still a 9 baby, it used to bark at whales from the boat. But it had been 10 by them all its life. So Macy was very excited that day.” Lovitt had just started a whale-watching tour business when the massive wildfire 11 most of the neighborhood, including all her boats and vehicles. She 12 her business again and has been setting aside 13 seats on tours for fire survivors, hoping whale-watching will help them 14 from the tragedy (悲剧). Lovitt said she hopes her 15 continues doing well until the end of this month, when the whales return to Alaska. 1．A．fish B．bird C．hen D．dog 2．A．immediately B．unwillingly C．carelessly D．occasionally 3．A．dangerous B．awkward C．happy D．obvious 4．A．leaves B．nears C．attacks D．overturns 5．A．greet B．eat C．hug D．feed 6．A．set off B．grew up C．fell down D．gave up 7．A．coach B．neighbor C．companion D．employer 8．A．forgot B．abandoned C．needed D．rebuilt 9．A．little B．healthy C．smart D．blind 10．A．treated B．ignored C．targeted D．scared 11．A．missed B．surrounded C．helped D．destroyed 12．A．closed B．checked C．launched D．lost 13．A．nice B．free C．old D．expensive 14．A．recover B．learn C．suffer D．withdraw 15．A．partner B．family C．business D．community 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Wildlife Protection野生动物保护 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 When the buying stops，the killing can too. —WildAid 释义：没有买卖就没有杀害。 ——野生动物救援 启示：这是保护野生动物的公益广告宣传语。它告诉人们，人类消费的每一只犀牛角、每一件皮草、每一碗鱼翅汤、每一件象牙制品、每一种虎骨制品等，其背后都有无辜的野生动物惨遭屠戮。 主题词汇积累 一、保护行动类 · protect wildlife habitats 保护野生动物栖息地 · combat illegal hunting 打击非法捕猎 · establish nature reserves 建立自然保护区 · launch conservation campaigns 开展保护宣传活动 · reintroduce endangered species 重新引入濒危物种 二、生存威胁类 · face habitat loss 面临栖息地丧失 · suffer from poaching 遭受偷猎之苦 · be at risk of extinction 处于灭绝风险 · struggle with climate change 受气候变化威胁 · be affected by human encroachment 因人类侵占（土地、资源 ）受影响 三、生态关联类 · maintain ecological balance 维持生态平衡 · contribute to biodiversity 助力生物多样性 · form a food chain relationship 构成食物链关系 · share the same ecosystem 共享同一生态系统 四、认知倡导类 · raise wildlife protection awareness 提升野生动物保护意识 · promote sustainable coexistence 倡导可持续共存 · educate about wildlife values 开展野生动物价值科普 · call for responsible tourism 呼吁负责任的生态旅游 · support wildlife - friendly policies 支持利于野生动物保护的政策 时文拓展阅读 (2024·山东省青岛市高一上期末)An adult African elephant consumes about 223 liters of water and 3，080 pounds of roots, grass and fruit daily. That's like having 634 cans of soda and 1，200 hamburgers every day. This keeps them moving thousands of miles across Africa each year. Elephants usually migrate between March and May. Females live in groups with their children, and quickly run out of the food supply. They hit the road in search of food. Male elephants live alone, so they don't use resources as quickly as the females. Instead, they migrate during their mating cycle. When the females pack their trunks, so do the males. During migration, elephants face short water supplies and extremely high temperatures. But people are their number­one problem. Poachers (偷猎者) kill 35，000 elephants each year for ivory. Many African farmers build fences (栅栏) to protect crops and cattle, which might block regular migration paths. Traffic roads affect elephant migration, too. During one study of 28 elephants in Central Africa, only one female crossed an unprotected road. Scientists, wildlife organizations and governments cooperate to find solutions for Africa's elephants. “To unlock the secret of where elephants move and how they move, we place collars (项圈) with a satellite unit inside，” Dr Michael Chase says. GPS collars help map which routes elephants use most so that countries can establish protected elephant passages. Locals come in as well. James Isiche, East Africa Director of the International Fund for Animal Welfare says, “We have got the community on our side by a project; they've agreed to partner with us to conserve elephants.” The local community run wildlife parks to attract tourists. “This project helps us take care of both the wildlife and our cows，” says Sikira, a tribal elder in Maasai, Kenya. Protecting elephant migration routes allows these gentle giants to survive. 【译文欣赏】 一头成年非洲象每天要消耗约 223 升水，以及 3080 磅的根茎、青草和水果。这就好比每天要喝 634 罐汽水、吃 1200 个汉堡。如此大的食量，使得它们每年要在非洲大地上迁徙数千英里。大象通常在 3 月到 5 月间迁徙。母象会和幼象群居生活，食物很快就会耗尽，于是它们就踏上旅途去寻找食物。公象独自生活，所以消耗资源的速度不像母象那么快，它们会在交配周期内迁徙。当母象开始迁徙时，公象也会跟上。 在迁徙过程中，大象要面对水资源短缺和极端高温的挑战，但人类才是它们面临的头号难题。偷猎者每年为获取象牙会猎杀 3.5 万头大象。许多非洲农民会搭建栅栏来保护庄稼和牲畜，而这可能会阻断大象常规的迁徙路线。公路也会对大象迁徙造成影响。在一项针对中非 28 头大象的研究中，只有一头母象穿过了一条没有防护设施的公路。 科学家、野生动物组织和政府携手合作，为非洲大象寻找保护对策。“为了弄清楚大象的迁徙路线和方式，我们给它们戴上内置卫星装置的项圈，” 迈克尔・蔡斯博士说道。GPS 项圈有助于绘制出大象最常走的路线，这样各国就能设立受保护的大象迁徙通道。 当地社区也参与进来。国际爱护动物基金会东非地区主任詹姆斯・伊西切表示：“我们通过一个项目争取到了社区的支持，他们已同意和我们合作保护大象。” 当地社区运营野生动物园来吸引游客。“这个项目帮助我们同时守护了野生动物和自家的牛群，” 肯尼亚马赛族的一位部落长老西基拉说道。保护大象的迁徙路线，能让这些温顺的庞然大物得以生存下去。 【词汇积累】 英文 词性 中文释义 拓展 / 例句 consume v. 消耗；消费 The car consumes a lot of fuel.（这辆车很耗油 ） migrate v. 迁徙；迁移 Birds migrate south in winter.（鸟类冬季往南方迁徙 ） supply n. 供应；补给 We need a new supply of water.（我们需要新的水源补给 ） mating adj. 交配的 the mating season（交配季节 ） extremely adv. 极其；非常 It's extremely cold today.（今天非常冷 ） poacher n. 偷猎者 Poachers are a threat to wildlife.（偷猎者对野生动物是种威胁 ） block v. 阻挡；堵塞 The road is blocked by a tree.（路被一棵树挡住了 ） cooperate v. 合作 We should cooperate to solve the problem.（我们应合作解决问题 ） conserve v. 保护；保存 We need to conserve water.（我们需要节约用水 ，也可用于保护自然资源等 ） 【知识拓展】 1. 非洲象的生存现状：非洲象因象牙贸易，长期遭受偷猎威胁，数量急剧减少，是濒危物种。同时，人类活动（如农业扩张、道路建设 ）不断挤压其生存空间，影响迁徙、觅食等行为，保护非洲象成为全球生物多样性保护的重要议题 。 2. 动物迁徙研究手段：文中提到给大象戴带卫星装置的项圈（GPS collars ），这是现代动物迁徙研究常用技术。通过卫星追踪，科学家能精准掌握动物迁徙路线、活动规律，为制定保护策略（如建立迁徙通道 ）提供数据支持，类似手段也用于研究鸟类、鲸鱼等迁徙物种 。 3. 社区参与保护模式：非洲一些地区推动当地社区参与野生动物保护，像文中提到的运营野生动物园吸引游客。这种模式能让社区从保护中获益（如旅游收入 ），从而更主动参与，形成 “保护 - 发展” 良性循环，是生物多样性保护的创新实践方向 。 【词汇延伸】 1. consume（v. 消耗；消费 ） · 词形拓展： · consumer（n. 消费者 ）：“Green consumers prefer eco - friendly products.”（环保消费者更喜欢生态友好型产品 ） · consumption（n. 消耗；消费量 ）：“The car has a high fuel consumption.”（这辆车油耗很高 ） · 近义词：use up（用完 ）、devour（狼吞虎咽；大量消耗 ，侧重快速 / 彻底消耗 ） ，如 “The fire devoured the forest.”（大火吞噬了森林 ，这里可理解为 “消耗” 森林资源 ） 2. migrate（v. 迁徙；迁移 ） · 词形拓展： · migration（n. 迁徙；迁移 ）：“Bird migration is a wonderful natural phenomenon.”（鸟类迁徙是奇妙的自然现象 ） · migrant（n. 候鸟；移民 ）：“Many migrants move to cities for better jobs.”（许多移民为更好工作搬到城市 ；也可指 “候鸟” ，如 “bird migrants” ） · 近义词：relocate（重新安置；迁徙 ，更侧重 “人为 / 主动迁移位置” ） ，如 “The company decided to relocate its factory.”（公司决定搬迁工厂 ；若说动物，可拟人化用 ，如 “Some animals relocate seasonally.” ） 3. supply（n. 供应；补给 / v. 供应；提供 ） · 词形拓展： · supplier（n. 供应商 ）：“We need to find a reliable water supplier.”（我们得找可靠的水供应商 ） · supply chain（供应链 ）：“Disruptions in the supply chain affect product delivery.”（供应链中断影响产品交付 ） · 近义词（作动词 ）：provide（提供 ，更通用 ）、furnish（供应；装备 ，侧重 “配备 / 提供完整物资” ） ，如 “The hotel furnishes guests with clean towels.”（酒店给客人提供干净毛巾 ） 4. block（v. 阻挡；堵塞 / n. 街区；障碍物 ） · 词形拓展： · blockage（n. 堵塞；障碍物 ）：“A blockage in the pipe caused the flood.”（管道堵塞引发了水灾 ） · blockbuster（n. 大片；轰动之作 ，原义 “大炸弹” ，引申为 “影响大的事物” ） ：“The new movie is a summer blockbuster.”（这部新电影是暑期大片 ） · 近义词（作动词 ）：obstruct（妨碍；阻塞 ，更正式，常指 “故意 / 严重阻碍” ） ，如 “Construction work is obstructing traffic.”（建筑工程阻碍了交通 ） 5. conserve（v. 保护；保存 ） · 词形拓展： · conservation（n. 保护；保存 ，尤指自然资源、文化遗产等 ）：“Wildlife conservation is crucial for biodiversity.”（野生动物保护对生物多样性至关重要 ） · conservative（adj. 保守的；守旧的 / n. 保守派 ）：“He has a conservative attitude towards new technology.”（他对新技术态度保守 ） · 近义词：preserve（保护；维护 ，侧重 “维持原有状态” ）、protect（保护 ，通用词 ） ，如 “We must preserve ancient buildings.”（我们必须保护古建筑 ，和 conserve 在 “文化遗产保护” 语境可替换 ） 6. establish（v. 建立；设立 ） · 词形拓展： · establishment（n. 建立；机构 ）：“The establishment of the nature reserve took years.”（自然保护区的建立花了数年 ；也可指 “企业 / 机构” ，如 “a business establishment” ） · established（adj. 已建立的；公认的 ）：“an established brand”（一个知名品牌 ） · 近义词：found（创立；创办 ，侧重 “从无到有创建” ）、set up（建立；搭建 ，口语化 ） ，如 “They founded a charity to help elephants.”（他们创立了一个慈善机构帮助大象 ；set up 更随意，如 “set up a tent” ） 【长难句分析】 1. 句子：An adult African elephant consumes about 223 liters of water and 3,080 pounds of roots, grass and fruit daily. That's like having 634 cans of soda and 1,200 hamburgers every day. · 分析：第一句是简单陈述句，主语 “An adult African elephant” ，谓语 “consumes” ，宾语是水、食物等内容，清晰呈现大象日常的食量。第二句用比喻的方式，把大象食量类比成人们熟悉的汽水罐和汉堡数量，“like having...” 是介词短语作表语，让抽象的食量数据更直观易懂 。 2. 句子：Many African farmers build fences (栅栏) to protect crops and cattle, which might block regular migration paths. · 分析：主句是 “Many African farmers build fences... to protect crops and cattle” ，“to protect...” 是不定式作目的状语，说明建栅栏的目的。“which might block regular migration paths” 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 “fences” ，补充说明栅栏对大象迁徙路径的影响，“which” 在从句中作主语 。 3. 句子：To unlock the secret of where elephants move and how they move, we place collars (项圈) with a satellite unit inside，” Dr Michael Chase says. · 分析：“To unlock the secret of where elephants move and how they move” 是不定式短语作目的状语，其中 “where elephants move and how they move” 是宾语从句，作 “secret” 的同位语，解释 “secret” 的具体内容。主句是 “we place collars... inside” ，“with a satellite unit inside” 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “collars” 。 4. 句子：GPS collars help map which routes elephants use most so that countries can establish protected elephant passages. · 分析：主句 “GPS collars help map which routes elephants use most” 中，“map” 是谓语动词，“which routes elephants use most” 是宾语从句，作 “map” 的宾语。“so that countries can establish protected elephant passages” 是目的状语从句，说明给大象戴 GPS 项圈、绘制迁徙路线图的目的 。 高考真题链接 （2023·全国甲卷·高考真题）Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. “Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans. The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 12．How do Americans look at grizzlies? A．They cause mixed feelings in people. B．They should be kept in national parks. C．They are of high scientific value. D．They are a symbol of American culture. 13．What has helped the increase of the grizzly population? A．The European settlers’ behavior. B．The expansion of bears’ range. C．The protection by law since 1975. D．The support of Native Americans. 14．What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies? A．The opposition of conservation groups. B．The successful comeback of grizzlies. C．The voice of the biologists. D．The local farmers’ advocates. 15．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Food should be provided for grizzlies. B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C．A special path should be built for grizzlies. D．Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. 【答案】12．A 13．C 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. (灰熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角落——即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦，我们也敬畏它们)”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选A项。 13．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. (1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段“Today, there are about 2, 000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀)”可推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C项。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上)”可知，是环保组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选A项。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Obviously, if precautions aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. (显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。“我们希望有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉及其周围熊的生物学家)”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。 1.句子：Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. · 分析： 主句为 “Grizzly bears occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche”，核心结构为 “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”。 “which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg” 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 “Grizzly bears”，补充说明灰熊的体型特征。 破折号后 “we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams” 是对 “conflicted corner” 的解释，其中 “even as” 引导让步状语从句，体现美国人对灰熊 “敬畏与恐惧并存” 的矛盾心理。 2.句子：Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. · 分析： 主干为 “so...that...” 引导的结果状语从句，“Their recovery has been so successful” 是主句。 “that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies” 是结果状语，说明恢复成功的后果。 “which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted” 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 “delist grizzlies”，解释 “除名” 的影响 —— 法律保护减弱并允许捕猎。 3.句子：Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. · 分析： 动名词短语 “Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters” 作主语，强调 “设置电动围栏” 这一行为。 表语部分 “highly effective at getting grizzlies away” 说明该行为的效果，其中 “be effective at doing” 为固定搭配。 英文 词性 中文释义 例句 / 搭配 occupy v. 占据；占领 The city was occupied by enemy forces.（这座城市被敌军占领）。 conflicted adj. 矛盾的；冲突的 She had a conflicted attitude toward her career.（她对职业有矛盾的态度）。 psyche n. 心理；心灵；精神 The story reflects the human psyche.（这个故事反映了人类心理）。 delist v. 从名单中除名 The company was delisted from the stock market.（这家公司被退市）。 overturn v. 推翻；撤销；使翻转 The court overturned the previous decision.（法院推翻了先前的判决）。 lawsuit n. 诉讼；法律诉讼 The company faced a lawsuit for pollution.（这家公司因污染面临诉讼）。 precaution n. 预防措施；警惕 Take precautions against fire.（采取防火措施）。 attractant n. 引诱剂；吸引物 Flowers are attractants for bees.（花是蜜蜂的吸引物）。 背景知识： 0. 美国《濒危物种法》（Endangered Species Act, ESA）： 1973 年颁布，是美国保护濒危物种及其栖息地的核心法律，旨在防止物种灭绝、促进种群恢复。灰熊于 1975 年被列入该法案保护名单，获得法律层面的严格保护（如禁止捕猎、栖息地破坏等），这是其数量从 20 世纪 70 年代的 600-800 头恢复到如今 2000 多头的关键原因。 0. 灰熊保护争议： 一方面，灰熊数量恢复引发 “是否应解除保护” 的争议：支持者认为其种群已稳定，可适度开放捕猎；反对者（如环保组织）则强调栖息地碎片化、气候变化等威胁仍存在，需持续保护。文中 “两次试图除名被诉讼推翻” 即体现了这一矛盾。 0. 人熊冲突与解决措施： 灰熊因觅食进入人类活动区域（如农场、营地）时，可能引发冲突（如杀死牲畜、破坏财物）。常见预防措施包括：移除食物源（避免吸引灰熊）、设置电动围栏、建立 “无诱饵区域” 等，这些措施旨在减少冲突，实现人与熊的共存。 阅读微技能（解题技巧） 1.关键词定位法： 如第 12 题询问美国人对灰熊的看法，通过题干关键词 “Americans look at grizzlies” 定位到第一段 “conflicted corner of the American psyche”，直接匹配 A 选项 “mixed feelings”。 2.因果逻辑推理： 第 13 题问灰熊数量增长的原因，需梳理文中因果链：1975 年列入《濒危物种法》（因）→ 法律保护加强 → 数量恢复（果），对应 C 选项。注意排除干扰项 B（“范围扩张” 是数量增长的表现，而非原因）。 3.细节对比分析： 第 14 题考查 “阻止除名的因素”，根据第四段 “Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups”，直接锁定 A 选项 “环保组织的反对”，需区分 “生物学家的观点” 与 “环保组织诉讼” 的不同作用。 4.段落主旨归纳： 最后一段通过 “precautions”“remove food”“electric fencing” 等措施，以及生物学家的言论，归纳出主旨：人类可通过主动措施减少冲突，与灰熊和谐共处，对应 B 选项。避免过度推断 D 选项 “引入技术”（仅提到电动围栏，非泛指所有技术）。 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 应用文 318 文章主要介绍非洲象、猩猩和北极熊这三种动物母亲为养育幼崽所做的努力。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 336 文章主要介绍了气候变化对鸟类体型和翼展的影响，以及科学家对此现象的研究和解释。 Passage 3 阅读理解 说明文 312 文章探讨了气候变化如何导致海洋动物迁徙行为的变化，特别是通过北极融冰通道在太平洋和大西洋之间出现的“动物区系交换”现象及其潜在影响。 Passage 4 阅读理解 说明文 294 文章通过实验证明噪声污染不仅间接（通过动物）还直接危害植物生长，强调其对生态系统的广泛威胁。 Passage 5 阅读理解 记叙文 485 文章主要通过讲述抖音骑行主播赵朔和他的猫悟空的故事，表达了真正的自由源于接受生活的无常。 Passage 6 阅读理解 新闻报道 339 文章主要讲述了科学家在印度尼西亚观察到一只雄性猩猩Rakus用具有药用价值的植物有意治疗面部伤口，并探讨了这种行为的可能来源及意义。 Passage 7 七选五 记叙文 263 文章主要讲述了作者与祖母一起种植番茄，并从中领悟到园艺的意义和乐趣，以及园艺对个人成长和心灵的治愈作用。 Passage 8 完形填空 记叙文 216 文章主要讲述了Chrissy Lovitt和她的狗Macy在海上偶遇鲸鱼，以及她重建观鲸旅游业务并帮助火灾幸存者的故事。 Passage 1 （湖北省荆门市2024-2025学年高一下学期期末英语试卷）It’s important to remember humans aren’t the only ones who take amazing steps to protect nurture and raise their young. The animal kingdom is filled with moms that go the extra mile for their young. Here’s a look at three outstanding animal mothers. African Elephant Baby elephants can’t see well at first, so they heavily depend on their mothers and stick close to them for the first few months of their lives. Elephants form a matriarchal (母系的) society where just about every female takes part in raising the little ones. Elephant babies usually stay with their mothers for support and nutrition for up to two years, during which they are also taught to find food, collect water, and protect themselves. Orangutan (猩猩) Orangutan moms stand out in the mothering world thanks to two major elements of their parenting. First, they either build a new nest or head to an older one every single night. Not impressed yet? Consider the second unbelievable qualities of orangutan moms: Orangutan kids have the longest dependence period of any land-dwelling animal, and they will stay with their moms for up to seven years as mom teaches them how to find food and build nests. They even come back to “visit” for much longer than that to learn mothering skills themselves later on. Polar Bears A pregnant female creates a den in deep snow where she’ll give birth to cubs weighing just 1.5 pounds—while she herself hasn’t eaten for months. For up to eight months, she’ll nurse these weak cubs using only her fat reserves, losing up to 43% of her body weight in the process. Once they come out of the den, polar bear mothers become protectors, willing to fight even larger male bears that pose a threat to their cubs. They’ll spend 2.5 years or so teaching their young essential survival skills for Arctic life. 1．How do elephant mothers help their young? A．By instructing them on parenting skills B．By teaching them to find food and water. C．By protecting them for only a few days. D．By leaving them in the wild uncared for. 2．What is special about the Orangutan kids? A．They have poor sight at first. B．They like living in the old nests. C．They have a close bond with their mother. D．They can live without eating for months 3．How long will the polar bears learn to survive from their mother? A．For a few months B．For less than 2 year C．For more than 7 years. D．For about 2.5 years. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍非洲象、猩猩和北极熊这三种动物母亲为养育幼崽所做的努力。 1．细节理解题。根据African Elephant部分中的“Elephant babies usually stay with their mothers for support and nutrition for up to two years, during which they are also taught to find food, collect water, and protect themselves.(小象通常会和母亲一起生活长达两年，以获得支持和营养，在此期间，母亲还会教它们寻找食物、收集水和保护自己)”可知，大象妈妈通过教幼象寻找食物和水来帮助它们。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据Orangutan部分中的“Consider the second unbelievable qualities of orangutan moms: Orangutan kids have the longest dependence period of any land-dwelling animal, and they will stay with their moms for up to seven years as mom teaches them how to find food and build nests. They even come back to “visit” for much longer than that to learn mothering skills themselves later on. ( 再来看看猩猩妈妈另一个令人难以置信的特质：猩猩幼崽的依赖期在所有陆地动物中是最长的，它们会与妈妈共同生活长达七年之久，期间妈妈会教它们如何觅食和筑巢。甚至在那之后，它们还会回来“探望”，以便日后学习育儿技能)”可知，猩猩幼崽的特别之处在于它们与母亲关系密切。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据Polar Bears部分中的“They’ll spend 2.5 years or so teaching their young essential survival skills for Arctic life.(它们会花大约2.5年的时间教幼崽北极生活的基本生存技能)”可知，北极熊会向母亲学习大约2.5年的生存技能。故选D项。 Passage 2 （河南省郑州市2024-2025学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题）Climate change is having a far-reaching and significant impact on the world’s bird species, with a new study revealing that many are becoming smaller in size. This research provides crucial insights into the complex relationship between birds and their changing environment. Researchers from multiple famous universities, such as the University of Guelph and the University of Michigan, carefully examined data on nearly 80, 000 individual birds from 52 species across North America. Their in-depth study covered a period of over 40 years. During this period, as the global climate continued to warm, with average temperatures steadily rising, a remarkable trend emerged: the birds, on average, became smaller. In addition to the decrease in body size, the birds’ wingspans (翼幅) have also increased slightly. Scientists believe this is a natural way to survive. In warmer conditions, a larger wingspan can help birds generate more lift with less effort, enabling them to migrate more flexibly over long distances. The study’s lead author, Dr. Ryan Norris, noted that the changes in bird size and wingspan are highly likely a direct response to climate change. “Birds are highly sensitive to environmental changes, and these findings suggest that they are evolving (进化) in response to rising temperatures,” he said. “Smaller body size may help birds regulate their body temperature more effectively in warmer climates, while the increase in wingspan could aid in their ability to find food and mates over larger areas as habitats shift.” However, the researchers also warned that these changes could have negative consequences for some bird species. For instance, smaller-bodied songbirds may have less energy to bear the delicate balance of competition for resources. A bird with a changed wingspan might find it more difficult to compete with its peers for limited food sources or nesting sites. Additionally, as the predator-prey (捕食者与猎物) relationship is often based on the birds’ original physical feature, the new wingspan characteristics could also impact their ability to avoid predators. 1．What did the researchers from the universities do? A．They investigated the differences between birds. B．They studied bird migration patterns over 40 years. C．They analyzed data on many birds of varied species. D．They observed bird behavior during warmer climates. 2．Why do birds’ wingspans increase slightly? A．To fly faster and higher in warm climates. B．To attract mates by enlarging their bodies. C．To adapt well to the changing environment. D．To improve the predator avoidance abilities. 3．What do Dr. Ryan Norris’s remarks convey? A．Birds are seldom sensitive to warming climate. B．Rising temperatures affect bird size and wingspan. C．The habitat changing primarily pushes bird evolution. D．An increased size in wingspan is mainly for food competition. 4．What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph? A．Birds will be free from their predators. B．Large bird species may become extinct. C．Birds will have even more food sources. D．Some birds may face survival challenges. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这篇文章是一篇说明文。主要介绍了气候变化对鸟类体型和翼展的影响，以及科学家对此现象的研究和解释。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers from multiple famous universities, such as the University of Guelph and the University of Michigan, carefully examined data on nearly 80,000 individual birds from 52 species across North America. (来自多所著名大学的研究人员，如圭尔夫大学和密歇根大学，仔细研究了北美52种鸟类近8万只个体的数据)”可知，研究人员分析了大量不同种类鸟类的数据。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“In warmer conditions, a larger wingspan can help birds generate more lift with less effort, enabling them to migrate more flexibly over long distances. (在更温暖的环境中，更大的翼展可以帮助鸟类更省力地产生升力，使它们能够更灵活地进行长距离迁徙)”可知，鸟类翼展的增加是为了更好地适应环境变化。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段前两句“The study’s lead author, Dr. Ryan Norris, noted that the changes in bird size and wingspan are highly likely a direct response to climate change. “Birds are highly sensitive to environmental changes, and these findings suggest that they are evolving (进化) in response to rising temperatures,” he said. (该研究的首席作者瑞安·诺里斯博士指出，鸟类体型和翼展的变化极可能是对气候变化的直接反应。“鸟类对环境变化高度敏感，这些发现表明它们正在因气温上升而发生进化，”他说道)”可知，气温上升影响了鸟类的体型和翼展。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“For instance, smaller-bodied songbirds may have less energy to bear the delicate balance of competition for resources. A bird with a changed wingspan might find it more difficult to compete with its peers for limited food sources or nesting sites. Additionally, as the predator-prey ( 捕食者与猎物) relationship is often based on the birds’ original physical feature, the new wingspan characteristics could also impact their ability to avoid predators. (例如，体型较小的鸣禽可能没有足够的能量来维持资源竞争的微妙平衡。翼展改变的鸟类可能会发现与同伴竞争有限的食物来源或筑巢地点更加困难。此外，由于捕食者与猎物的关系通常是基于鸟类原有的身体特征，新的翼展特征也可能影响它们躲避捕食者的能力)”可知，一些鸟类可能面临生存挑战。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·湖北襄阳·期末）A research paper argues that climate change has led to more sea animals changing their migratory (迁徙的) behavior. In the spring of 2010, a gray whale, which lives in the Pacific Ocean, was spotted in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Israel. It was the first time a gray whale had been seen in the North Atlantic in about 200 years. A group of scientists, led by Seabird McKeon, recently published a paper about the strange pattern. It suggests that climate change may be the reason. The Arctic generally acts as an obstruction between the Pacific and the Atlantic, keeping animals from moving between the two oceans. However, as the climate has become warmer, ice in the Arctic Sea has started to melt (融化). As a result, passages have opened up in the ice, allowing animals to cross through the Arctic. Scientists call these movements “faunal exchange”. It is not the first time that such a movement has happened, and perhaps McKeon and his team’s examination of past examples might account for it. One example considered is a large exchange that occurred several million years ago. A thin piece of land called the Isthmus of Panama formed between North and South America, allowing land animals to cross between the two continents for the first time. As a result, animals from North America reached South America and outcompeted many of the native species there. In that case, faunal exchange upset the perfect balance of the food web. Besides, it may lead to genetic changes as well, which created new genetic combinations. At this point, faunal exchange between the Pacific and Atlantic is already occurring and will only increase as more passages open up. McKeon said that close attention should be paid to faunal exchange across the Arctic. If it continues, it may create new threats. 1．What does the underlined word “obstruction” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．A habitat for sea animals. B．A shelter for fish gathering. C．A passage for animals to cross. D．A block to animals’ movements. 2．How does the author explain “faunal exchange” in paragraph 3? A．By quoting an expert. B．By listing numbers. C．By making a comparison. D．By giving a definition. 3．How would McKeon feel about the effect of the faunal exchange? A．Concerned. B．Puzzled. C．Favorable. D．Uncaring. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Climate change impacts animal migration patterns. B．Melting ice threatens the survival of many species. C．Faunal exchange has become a global phenomenon. D．The discovery of gray whales inspires related research. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了气候变化如何导致海洋动物迁徙行为的变化，特别是通过北极融冰通道在太平洋和大西洋之间出现的“动物区系交换”现象及其潜在影响。 1．词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“keeping animals from moving between the two oceans. However, as the climate has become warmer, ice in the Arctic Sea has started to melt (融化). As a result, passages have opened up in the ice, allowing animals to cross through the Arctic. (阻止动物在两大洋之间迁移。然而，随着气候变暖，北冰洋的冰层开始融化，导致冰层中出现了通道，使得动物能够穿越北极地区)”可知，北冰洋过去起到阻碍太平洋和大西洋之间动物迁徙的作用，因此画线词指的是阻碍动物迁徙的障碍物。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“One example considered is a large exchange that occurred several million years ago. A thin piece of land called the Isthmus of Panama formed between North and South America, allowing land animals to cross between the two continents for the first time. As a result, animals from North America reached South America and outcompeted many of the native species there. In that case, faunal exchange upset the perfect balance of the food web. Besides, it may lead to genetic changes as well, which created new genetic combinations. (其中一个被研究的案例是数百万年前发生的大规模物种交换。当时北美和南美之间形成了名为巴拿马地峡的狭长陆地，首次使陆生动物得以在两块大陆间迁徙。其结果是，来自北美洲的动物进入南美洲后，在生存竞争中淘汰了许多当地物种。这种动物群交换打破了食物网的完美平衡。此外，它还可能导致基因变化，从而产生新的基因组合)”可知，作者通过将现在的动物区系交换现象与数百万年前巴拿马地峡形成时的动物迁徙进行类比，来解释“faunal exchange”的影响。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“McKeon said that close attention should be paid to faunal exchange across the Arctic. If it continues, it may create new threats. (McKeon表示，应密切关注北极地区的物种交换。如果持续下去，这可能会带来新的威胁)”可知，McKeon认为物种交换可能带来威胁，因此他的态度是“担忧的”。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“A research paper argues that climate change has led to more sea animals changing their migratory (迁徙的) behavior. (一篇研究论文认为，气候变化导致更多海洋动物改变迁徙行为)”可知，文章围绕气候变化如何影响动物迁徙模式展开，特别是通过北极融冰通道出现的太平洋和大西洋之间的“动物区系交换”现象及其潜在影响。因此，A项“气候变化影响动物迁徙模式”是其主旨。故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25高二下·贵州贵阳·期末）Many animals depend on sound for survival — finding food, detecting danger, and communicating. When noisy motorways cut through their habitats, these creatures face challenges. Some adapt by speaking louder, others shift their calling times, and a few relocate to quieter areas. However, all these adjustments come at a cost, and noise pollution has long been recognized as harmful to the environment. For a long time, it was believed that only animals were affected by noise. But a new study by botanist Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi from Shahid Behesti University in Tehran reveals that plants suffer too. Plants can be indirectly harmed by noise. Most flowering plants rely on pollinators, and fruit-bearing plants need animals to spread seeds. If these animals are damaged by noise, the plants will struggle. Yet, whether plants are directly impacted by noise remained unknown. Sounds are pressure waves traveling through gases, liquids, and solids. Scientists suspected plants could sense these waves. Recent lab experiments found that when exposed to ultrasound (超声波), plants show negative responses — activating stress-related genes, growing stuntedly, and having fewer seeds sprout. However, lab-based ultrasound exposure differs from real-world traffic noise. To explore this, Dr. Ghotbi-Ravandi conducted an experiment. His team grew two common urban plants from seeds in the lab. After two months of growth, the plants were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to 73-decibel traffic noise (recorded from a busy Tehran motorway) for 16 hours daily; the other grew in silence. After 15 days, samples from the youngest fully-developed leaves were analyzed. Plants in the noisy group fared poorly. Chemical markers of stress were much higher. Notably, it doubled compared to the quiet group. This study proves noise pollution directly harms plants, highlighting a broader environmental threat. 1．What was the aim of Dr. Ghotbi-Ravandi’s experiment? A．To prove that ultrasound harms plants. B．To test if plants can adapt to traffic noise. C．To compare the growth of different urban plants. D．To find out if plants are directly affected by traffic noise. 2．From the passage, we can infer that ________. A．noise pollution may largely harm the ecosystem B．plants and animals react to noise in the same way C．only urban plants are affected by traffic noise D．plants can protect themselves from noise pollution 3．The underlined word “stuntedly” in paragraph 4 means “________”. A．quickly B．slowly. C．healthily D．alone 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Urban Plants: Victims of Traffic Noise. B．How Noise Pollution Changes Ecosystems. C．New Study: Plants Suffer from Noise Directly. D．Plants and Animals: Partners in Noise Pollution. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过实验证明噪声污染不仅间接（通过动物）还直接危害植物生长，强调其对生态系统的广泛威胁。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, lab-based ultrasound exposure differs from real-world traffic noise. To explore this, Dr. Ghotbi-Ravandi conducted an experiment. His team grew two common urban plants from seeds in the lab. After two months of growth, the plants were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to 73-decibel traffic noise (recorded from a busy Tehran motorway) for 16 hours daily; the other grew in silence. After 15 days, samples from the youngest fully-developed leaves were analyzed.(然而，基于实验室的超声波照射不同于现实世界的交通噪音。为了探索这个问题，Ghotbi-Ravandi博士进行了一项实验。他的团队在实验室里用种子培育了两种常见的城市植物。经过两个月的生长，这些植物被分成两组。一组每天暴露在73分贝的交通噪音中16小时（记录自繁忙的德黑兰高速公路）；另一个在安静中长大。15天后，从最年轻的完全发育的叶片中提取样本进行分析。)”可知，Ghotbi-Ravandi博士的实验中，一组植物暴露于交通噪音，另一组在安静环境中生长，其目的是验证交通噪音是否对植物有直接影响。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段中“ However, all these adjustments come at a cost, and noise pollution has long been recognized as harmful to the environment.(然而，所有这些调整都是有代价的，噪音污染长期以来一直被认为对环境有害。)”和最后一段中“This study proves noise pollution directly harms plants, highlighting a broader environmental threat.(这项研究证明噪音污染直接危害植物，突出了更广泛的环境威胁。)”可知，噪音污染可能在很大程度上损害生态系统。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。划线词句上文“Recent lab experiments found that when exposed to ultrasound(超声波), plants show negative responses—activating stress-related genes(最近的实验室实验发现，当暴露在超声波下时，植物会表现出负面反应——激活应激基因)”和下文“and having fewer seeds sprout(并且种子发芽减少)”以及最后一段中“Plants in the noisy group fared poorly.(嘈杂组中的植物生长状况差。)”说明暴露在超声波下的植物会有负面反应，如激活应激基因和种子发芽减少，生长状况差，由此推知，其生长受阻，从而推知其中划线词应为“迟缓，缓慢”的意思，与B项同义。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Plants in the noisy group fared poorly. Chemical markers of stress were much higher. Notably, it doubled compared to the quiet group. This study proves noise pollution directly harms plants, highlighting a broader environmental threat.(嘈杂组中的植物生长状况差。化学应激标志物要高得多。值得注意的是，它是安静组的两倍。这项研究证明噪音污染直接危害植物，突出了更广泛的环境威胁。)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项关于噪音污染直接危害植物的研究，文章最好的标题是C项“新研究：植物会直接受到噪音的影响”。故选C项。 Passage 5 （24-25高一下·天津和平·期末）The Feather of Impermanence (无常) Would you spend 30 minutes every day looking at a kitty and interacting with it? Even it is just an electronic kitty? Recently, Zhao Shuo @Zhao Shuo’s Journey to the West, a Tiktok riding broadcaster, and his cat Wukong, whom he met and adopted on his way to the west, became popular on the Internet. Zhao Shuo’s videos showed towering snow-capped mountains, winding rivers, and his fluffy cat, Wukong. Like a magnet, they appealed to millions of tired city people. For months, fans enjoyed their “digital pet,” sending warm greetings like “Goodnight, Wukong” across screens. Zhao Shuo kept cycling outdoors, covering 12,000 miles, half of which was with Wukong since their meeting in Kanas, Xinjiang. Many amusing little things happened on their journey, and Wukong’s arrival also made Zhao’s video clips more lively and vivid. In a world of constant wanting and stress, their simple journey shone brightly. People saw real innocence (天真) and freedom, making their own material lives seem pale. Then came the switch. Wukong suddenly died of uncertain reasons, and even to this day, there are many doubts surrounding his death, which was so unacceptable that people kept desperately asking why — but their cries were about more than a lost cat. Wukong’s death felt like the death of innocence itself. We long for safety, happiness, and warmth to last forever, like solid rocks. Wukong’s unexplained end destroyed that dream like lightning. It showed life’s cruel truth: everything is fragile, and fate is unpredictable. It left a heavy emptiness. Zhao Shuo drove 1,500 miles to bury Wukong back in Kanas. This long journey through grief was his valley of sorrow. The song” Dear You” cried out his pain — but the true strength from his action isn’t just tears. Facing severe loss, finding your way from the ruins, that is growth. By returning Wukong to Kanas Lake’s clear water, he touched life’s deepest truth: even when love is broken, its unseen bond remains strong. Wukong, that light feather, was blown away by the wind of change. He took our dream of perfect safety with him. Yet, he also lifted a veil (面纱): trying to hold happiness tight is like grasping sand — it slips away. True peace isn’t a high wall against life’s storms. It’s like Kanas Lake. After mountains, clouds, wind, and rain paint its surface, it stays clear and deep. It holds all changes yet still reflects the whole sky — embracing every cloud and bird. Life’s meaning isn’t found in castles built up with material accumulation, or in chasing forever-happiness. It lives in the wide field of the heart. Our deepest freedom and widest peace are found simply, not by avoiding loss, but by walking through its storm. Losing Wukong taught us this: accepting impermanence is the path to inner calm and the truest freedom. 1．What is the probable meaning of the underlined word in the second paragraph? A．impact B．threat C．encouragement D．attraction 2．The third paragraph primarily serves to ________. A．illustrate the contrast between idealism and severe reality B．mark a turning point in the narrative’s emotional tone C．criticize public skepticism towards unexpected events D．emphasize the medical mystery of Wukong’s death 3．What can be inferred from Zhao Shuo’s act of driving 1,500 miles to bury Wukong in Kanas? A．His journey symbolized a process of facing up to sadness and acceptance. B．He rejected the reality of impermanence through denial. C．He sought public sympathy through a dramatic action. D．His primary goal was to fulfill Wukong’s presumed last wish. 4．The author’s central message in the passage is that ________. A．material pursuits unavoidably lead to emptiness B．pet companionship is essential for emotional healing C．true freedom arises from embracing the ever-changing nature of life D．the fame gained from social media cannot relieve an enormous personal loss 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过讲述抖音骑行主播赵朔和他的猫悟空的故事，表达了真正的自由源于接受生活的无常。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Zhao Shuo’s videos showed towering snow-capped mountains, winding rivers, and his fluffy cat, Wukong. (赵朔的视频里有巍峨的雪山、蜿蜒的河流和他毛茸茸的小猫悟空。)”和下文“they appealed to millions of tired city people (它们吸引着千百万疲惫的城里人)” 可推知这里把视频比作磁铁，磁铁是有吸力的，所以划线词与“attraction (吸引力)” 意思相近。故选D。 2．推理判断题。前两段描述了赵朔和悟空的美好旅程以及他们受到粉丝喜爱的情况，氛围是积极的。而第三段“Then came the switch. Wukong suddenly died of uncertain reasons, and even to this day, there are many doubts surrounding his death, which was so unacceptable that people kept desperately asking why — but their cries were about more than a lost cat. (然后发生了转变。悟空突然死亡，原因不明，直到今天，关于他的死亡仍有许多疑问，这让人难以接受，人们一直在拼命地问为什么，但他们的哭泣不仅仅是为了一只走失的猫。)”画风突变，情感基调从之前的美好、温馨转变为悲伤、沉重，所以推断出第三段主要标志着叙述情感基调的一个转折点。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“This long journey through grief was his valley of sorrow. The song” Dear You” cried out his pain — but the true strength from his action isn’t just tears. Facing severe loss, finding your way from the ruins, that is growth. By returning Wukong to Kanas Lake’s clear water, he touched life’s deepest truth: even when love is broken, its unseen bond remains strong. (这段漫长的悲伤之旅是他的悲伤之谷。《亲爱的你》这首歌表达了他的痛苦，但他的行动所蕴含的真正力量不仅仅是眼泪。面对严重的损失，在废墟中找到自己的路，这就是成长。通过让悟空回到喀纳斯湖清澈的湖水中，他触及了生命中最深的真理：即使爱破裂，它看不见的纽带仍然牢固。)” 由此推断赵朔开车1500英里去埋葬悟空，这个旅程象征着他面对悲伤并接受现实的过程。故选A。 4．推理判断题。作者通过讲述了悟空的死亡以及赵朔的应对，以及最后一句“Losing Wukong taught us this: accepting impermanence is the path to inner calm and the truest freedom. (失去悟空教会了我们：接受无常是通往内心平静和真正自由的道路。)”可推断出作者的中心信息是真正的自由源于拥抱生活不断变化的本质。故选C。 Passage 6 （24-25高一下·湖北荆州·期末）Scientists working in Indonesia have observed an orangutan (猩猩) intentionally treating a wound on his face with a medical plant, the first time this behaviour has been documented. According to a paper published in Scientific Reports, Rakus, a male orangutan, treated a facial wound by chewing (咀嚼) leaves from a plant and then covered the wound with the chewed leaves, which are used in traditional medicine to treat certain illnesses. The study’s lead author Isabelle Laumer said the team were “very excited” by the observation. Although other wild primates (灵长类动物) are known to use plants that have medical effects, scientists have never seen them used to treat recent wounds. The team believe Rakus intentionally used the plant as he applied it over and over again in a process that took several minutes. Rakus was most likely hurt in a fight with another male orangutan, which is not common in this area due to plenty of food and good relationships between orangutans. This means orangutans seldom suffer wounds, giving researchers few opportunities to observe this behaviour. As for how Rakus learnt to treat his wound, one explanation is “accidental individual invention”. The orangutan may have touched his wound accidentally while feeding on the plant and felt immediate pain relief due to its pain-relieving effects, making him repeat the behaviour. Another explanation is that Rakus learned from other orangutans in the area where he was born. The observation provides new understanding about the existence of self-treatment in our closest relatives and how wound treatment began in evolution, added Laumer, raising the possibility that wound treatment may come from a common ancestor shared by humans and orangutans. Thus researchers plan to closely observe other orangutans in the area to see if the behaviour is repeated. “The findings indicate how much humans and orangutans have in common. We are more similar than different,” she said. “We hope this study raises awareness of how to protect these endangered animals in the wild.” 1．Why is Rakus thought to have used the plant on purpose? A．He managed to tell the plant from others. B．He taught his partners to do the same thing. C．He repeated the behaviour in a certain period. D．He had used plants with medical effects before. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The individual invention Rakus designed. B．The possible ways Rakus learnt self-treatment. C．The delicious plants Rakus fed on accidentally. D．The immediate pain relief Rakus got from the plant. 3．What do the researchers plan to do? A．Analyze the findings. B．Identify more evidence. C．Prove the significance. D．Consider more possibilities. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Plant Is Found to Treat Animal Wound B．Orangutans Include Plant in their Diet C．Scientists Discover New Medical Plant D．Orangutan Uses Plant to Deal with Injury 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了科学家在印度尼西亚观察到一只雄性猩猩Rakus用具有药用价值的植物有意治疗面部伤口，并探讨了这种行为的可能来源及意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The team believe Rakus intentionally used the plant as he applied it over and over again in a process that took several minutes. (研究小组认为，Rakus是有意使用这种植物的，因为它在一遍又一遍地涂抹过程中花费了好几分钟。)”可知，Rakus被认为是有意使用这种植物是因为他在一段时间内重复了这种行为。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段“As for how Rakus learnt to treat his wound, one explanation is “accidental individual invention”. The orangutan may have touched his wound accidentally while feeding on the plant and felt immediate pain relief due to its pain-relieving effects, making him repeat the behaviour. Another explanation is that Rakus learned from other orangutans in the area where he was born. (至于Rakus是如何学会治疗伤口的，一种解释是“偶然的个人发明”。猩猩可能在吃这种植物时不小心碰到了伤口，由于这种植物的止痛作用，他立即感到疼痛缓解，这使他重复了这种行为。另一种解释是，Rakus从他出生地的其他猩猩那里学到的。)”可知，第四段主要讲的是Rakus学习自我治疗的可能方式。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thus researchers plan to closely observe other orangutans in the area to see if the behaviour is repeated. (因此，研究人员计划密切观察该地区的其他猩猩，看看这种行为是否会重复出现。)”可知，研究人员计划找出更多的证据。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Scientists working in Indonesia have observed an orangutan (猩猩) intentionally treating a wound on his face with a medical plant, the first time this behaviour has been documented. (在印度尼西亚工作的科学家观察到一只猩猩故意用一种药用植物治疗自己脸上的伤口，这是首次记录到这种行为。)”可知，文章主要讲述了科学家在印度尼西亚观察到一只雄性猩猩Rakus用具有药用价值的植物有意治疗面部伤口，并探讨了这种行为的可能来源及意义。可知，D选项“Orangutan Uses Plant to Deal with Injury (猩猩用植物治疗伤口)”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 7 （四川省广安市2024-2025学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题）I always admired my grandmother Jenny’s gardening skills. But it wasn’t until a sunny afternoon in her backyard that I became interested in gardening myself. We were there to grow tomatoes. She handed me a tiny seedling (幼苗) and shared stories of her own grandmother doing the same. It’s a family tradition! Over time, the tiny seedling had grown into a large tomato plant with many juicy red tomatoes. 1 We spent hours in her kitchen making delicious homemade sauce out of them. Just the smell alone brought back so many memories. My time in the garden with my grandma showed me that gardening is more than just a hobby. 2 The garden became something we both loved, bringing us closer together and creating a strong bond. If the garden is your favorite place, consider inviting other family members to join you in the dirt. It’s a great way of bonding with people. 3 It has its tough moments, but the good thing is that every setback teaches us to be strong. Gardening is my personal therapist (治疗师). 4 Gardening has taught me patience, resilience, and the beauty of life’s cycles. It’s given me a sense of purpose and the joy of caring for something from seed to flower. In the garden, I’ve found comfort during difficult times and celebration during moments of success. 5 It offers a break from city life. It is a chance to grow as a gardener and person. And it brings the joy of watching life grow well under your care. A．I find joy and peace in it. B．It’s a way to connect with our roots. C．The benefits of gardening are varied. D．Gardening is like painting with nature. E．I saw the moments as opportunities to learn. F．However, gardening isn’t all sunshine and flowering roses. G．Harvesting those tomatoes with my grandma was a joy I won’t forget. 【答案】1．G 2．B 3．F 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与祖母一起种植番茄，并从中领悟到园艺的意义和乐趣，以及园艺对个人成长和心灵的治愈作用。 1．由上文“Over time, the tiny seedling had grown into a large tomato plant with many juicy red tomatoes. (随着时间的推移，这棵小幼苗长成了一棵结满多汁红色番茄的大番茄植株)”及下文“We spent hours in her kitchen making delicious homemade sauce out of them. Just the smell alone brought back so many memories. (我们在她的厨房里花了几个小时用它们做美味的自制酱汁。光是这味道就勾起了许多回忆)”可知，这里描述了作者和祖母一起收获番茄并制作酱汁的快乐情景，G选项“Harvesting those tomatoes with my grandma was a joy I won’t forget. (和祖母一起收获那些番茄是我永远不会忘记的快乐)”能够承上启下，符合题意。故选G。 2．由上文“My time in the garden with my grandma showed me that gardening is more than just a hobby. (我和祖母在花园里的时光让我明白，园艺不仅仅是一种爱好)”及下文“The garden became something we both loved, bringing us closer together and creating a strong bond. (花园成了我们俩都喜爱的东西，拉近了我们的距离，建立了牢固的联系)”可知，本空应进一步阐述园艺的意义——让人们产生联系，B选项“It’s a way to connect with our roots. (这是一种与我们的根源联系的方式)”能够承接上文，说明园艺不仅是一种爱好，更是一种与根源联系的方式，同时引出下文，说明园艺如何拉近了作者和祖母的距离，符合题意。故选B。 3．由上文“If the garden is your favorite place, consider inviting other family members to join you in the dirt. It’s a great way of bonding with people. (如果花园是你最喜欢的地方，考虑邀请其他家庭成员和你一起在泥土里玩耍。这是与人建立联系的好方法)”及下文“It has its tough moments, but the good thing is that every setback teaches us to be strong. (它有艰难的时刻，但好处是每一次挫折都教会我们要坚强)”可知，本空应转折描述园艺并非总是轻松愉快的，F选项“However, gardening isn’t all sunshine and flowering roses. (然而，园艺并不全是阳光和盛开的玫瑰)”能够承接上文，说明园艺并非只有美好，同时引出下文，说明园艺也有挑战，符合题意。故选F。 4．由上文“Gardening is my personal therapist (治疗师). (园艺是我的私人治疗师)”及下文“Gardening has taught me patience, resilience, and the beauty of life’s cycles. It’s given me a sense of purpose and the joy of caring for something from seed to flower. (园艺教会了我耐心、韧性和生命循环的美丽。它给了我一种目标感和照顾某物从种子到花朵的喜悦)”可知，本空应描述园艺对作者心灵的治愈作用，A选项“I find joy and peace in it. (我在其中找到了快乐和宁静)”能够承接上文，说明园艺是作者的治疗师，同时引出下文，说明园艺如何给作者带来快乐和宁静，以及教会作者耐心和韧性等品质，符合题意。故选A。 5．由下文“It offers a break from city life. It is a chance to grow as a gardener and person. And it brings the joy of watching life grow well under your care. (它让人们从城市生活中解脱出来。这是一个作为园丁和个人成长的机会。它带来了看着生命在你的照顾下茁壮成长的喜悦)”可知，本空应总结园艺的多种益处，C选项“The benefits of gardening are varied. (园艺的好处是多方面的)”能够概括下文，说明园艺有多种益处，符合题意。故选C。 Passage 8 （24-25高二下·河北·期末）Chrissy Lovitt and her dog Macy were in a fishing boat about 3 kilometers off Lahaina on Saturday when they spotted a whale in the water. “When the whale heard the 1 barking, it swam over,” Lovitt recalled. “Then I 2 took out my phone and recorded the 3 encounter.” In the video, Macy is seen barking loudly as the whale 4 the boat. To their surprise, the whale raises its head to 5 the excited dog. “Macy 6 on my boats and has become my trusty 7 ,” said Lovitt, who 8 her whale-watching tour business after losing all her boats in a deadly wildfire two months ago. “When Macy was still a 9 baby, it used to bark at whales from the boat. But it had been 10 by them all its life. So Macy was very excited that day.” Lovitt had just started a whale-watching tour business when the massive wildfire 11 most of the neighborhood, including all her boats and vehicles. She 12 her business again and has been setting aside 13 seats on tours for fire survivors, hoping whale-watching will help them 14 from the tragedy (悲剧). Lovitt said she hopes her 15 continues doing well until the end of this month, when the whales return to Alaska. 1．A．fish B．bird C．hen D．dog 2．A．immediately B．unwillingly C．carelessly D．occasionally 3．A．dangerous B．awkward C．happy D．obvious 4．A．leaves B．nears C．attacks D．overturns 5．A．greet B．eat C．hug D．feed 6．A．set off B．grew up C．fell down D．gave up 7．A．coach B．neighbor C．companion D．employer 8．A．forgot B．abandoned C．needed D．rebuilt 9．A．little B．healthy C．smart D．blind 10．A．treated B．ignored C．targeted D．scared 11．A．missed B．surrounded C．helped D．destroyed 12．A．closed B．checked C．launched D．lost 13．A．nice B．free C．old D．expensive 14．A．recover B．learn C．suffer D．withdraw 15．A．partner B．family C．business D．community 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Chrissy Lovitt和她的狗Macy在海上偶遇鲸鱼，以及她重建观鲸旅游业务并帮助火灾幸存者的故事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当鲸鱼听到狗叫声时，它游了过来。A. fish鱼；B. bird鸟；C. hen母鸡；D. dog狗。根据上文“Chrissy Lovitt and her dog Macy were in a fishing boat”和下文“Macy is seen barking loudly”可知，是狗的叫声吸引了鲸鱼。故选D。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后我立刻拿出手机，记录下了这次愉快的相遇。A. immediately立即；B. unwillingly不情愿地；C. carelessly粗心地；D. occasionally偶尔。根据下文“took out my phone and recorded”可知，看到鲸鱼游过来，Lovitt应该是立刻拿出手机记录。故选A。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后我立刻拿出手机，记录下了这次愉快的相遇。A. dangerous危险的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. happy愉快的；D. obvious明显的。根据下文“In the video, Macy is seen barking loudly as the whale 　4　 the boat. To their surprise, the whale raises its head to 5 　 the excited dog.”可知，鲸鱼和狗的互动，这是一次愉快的相遇。故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在视频中，当鲸鱼靠近船时，Macy大声吠叫。A. leaves离开；B. nears靠近；C. attacks攻击；D. overturns推翻。根据上文“it swam over”可知，鲸鱼听到狗叫声后游了过来，即靠近了船。故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：令他们惊讶的是，鲸鱼抬起头来向兴奋的狗打招呼。A. greet打招呼；B. eat吃；C. hug拥抱；D. feed喂食。根据上文“To their surprise, the whale raises its head to”和下文“the excited dog”可知，鲸鱼抬起头来应该是向狗打招呼。故选A。 6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“Macy在我的船上长大，已经成为我值得信赖的伙伴。”Lovitt说，Lovitt在两个月前的一场致命野火中失去了所有船只后，重建了她的观鲸旅游业务。A. set off出发；B. grew up长大；C. fell down摔倒；D. gave up放弃。根据下文“on my boats and has become my trusty”和下文“When Macy was still a 9　 baby, it used to bark at whales from the boat.”可知，Macy在船上长大。故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. coach教练；B. neighbor邻居；C. companion伙伴；D. employer雇主。根据上文“Macy 6　 on my boats and has become my trusty”可知，Macy和Lovitt一起在船上，应该是她的伙伴。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意同6小题。A. forgot忘记；B. abandoned抛弃；C. needed需要；D. rebuilt重建。根据下文“her whale-watching tour business after losing all her boats in a deadly wildfire two months ago”可知，Lovitt失去了所有的船只，之后应该是重建了业务。故选D。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Macy还是个小宝宝的时候，它常常从船上对着鲸鱼吠叫。A. little小的；B. healthy健康的；C. smart聪明的；D. blind盲的。根据下文“baby”可知，这里描述的是Macy小时候的情况。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但它一生都被它们忽视了。A. treated对待；B. ignored忽视；C. targeted瞄准；D. scared吓坏。根据下文“by them all its life. So Macy was very excited that day”可知，Macy之前被鲸鱼忽视，所以那天很兴奋。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当大规模野火摧毁了包括她所有的船只和车辆在内的大部分社区时，Lovitt刚刚开始经营观鲸旅游业务。A. missed错过；B. surrounded包围；C. helped帮助；D. destroyed摧毁。根据上文“the massive wildfire”和下文“most of the neighborhood”可知，野火应该是摧毁了社区和Lovitt的财产。故选D。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她再次开展了业务，并为火灾幸存者预留了免费座位，希望观鲸能帮助他们从悲剧中恢复过来。A. closed关闭；B. checked检查；C. launched开展；D. lost失去。根据下文“her business again”可知，Lovitt在野火后重建了业务，这里应该是再次开展了业务。故选C。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. nice好的；B. free免费的；C. old旧的；D. expensive昂贵的。根据下文“seats on tours for fire survivors, hoping whale-watching will help them 14　 from the tragedy (悲剧).”可知，Lovitt希望帮助火灾幸存者，所以应该是为他们提供免费座位。故选B。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意同12小题。A. recover恢复；B. learn学习；C. suffer遭受；D. withdraw撤退。根据下文“from the tragedy (悲剧)”可知，Lovitt希望观鲸能帮助火灾幸存者从悲剧中恢复过来。故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Lovitt说，她希望她的业务能持续到本月底，届时鲸鱼将返回阿拉斯加。A. partner伙伴；B. family家庭；C. business业务；D. community社区。根据下文“continues doing well until the end of this month, when the whales return to Alaska”可知，Lovitt在谈论她的观鲸旅游业务。故选C。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$