Unit 3 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas-【优学精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第一册教用Word（外研版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦词汇拓展、语法应用及阅读理解三大核心知识点，系统梳理派生词（如assume→assumption）、短语搭配（如focus on）等基础词汇，衔接完全倒装、动词-ing作主语等语法结构，再延伸至主旨题、细节题等阅读理解策略，构建从词到句再到篇的学习支架。 该资料通过语境化练习（如turn to在感谢信中的应用）提升语言能力，借助派生词对比（如respect→respectable/respectful）培养思维品质，设计分层练习（核心词汇练通、拓展词汇用活）发展学习能力。课中语法讲解实例（如完全倒装句结构分析）辅助教师高效授课，课后练习（品句填词、词块运用）帮助学生巩固知识，查漏补缺。

character n．(书、剧本、电影等中的)人物，角色；性格；特征；文字 [派生词]　characteristic n．特征，特点　adj.典型的，独特的 [短语]　a main character 主角 Chinese characters汉字 approach v．走近，靠近　n．方法 turn to... 求助于；致力于；从事于；查阅；翻到(书的某页)；转向 turn to sb. for help 向某人寻求帮助 chat n. 闲谈，聊天 [短语]　chat with sb.＝have a chat with sb. 与某人聊天 chat about sth. 谈论某事 focus v．(把……)集中(于)　n．焦点，重点 [同义词]　concentrate on/center on [短语]　focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于/专注于 raise one's voice (因愤怒等)提高嗓音 career n．职业，事业 assume v．假定，假设，认为 [派生词]　assumption n．假定，假设 assuming conj.假定，假设 respect v．尊敬，敬重；遵守　n．尊敬，敬重；方面 [派生词]　respectable adj.值得尊敬的；体面的，得体的　 respectful adj.表示敬意的，尊敬的 respected adj.受尊敬的；受敬重的 respective adj.各自的 studio n．(音乐)录音室 court n．法院，法庭；庭院；(网球等的)球场 calm down 冷静下来；平静下来 ignore v．忽视，不理 [派生词]　ignorance n．无知；愚昧 ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的 [同义词]　overlook professional adj.职业的，专业的　n．专业人士 profession n. 职业，专业 [派生词]　professor n．教授；讲师；教员 suit v．适合 [派生词]　suitable adj.适合的；适宜的 [反义词]　unsuitable adj.不合适的 talent n．天赋，才能；有才能的人 [派生词]　talented adj.有天赋的；有才能的 [短语]　have a talent/gift for有……的天赋/才能 show a talent for表现出……的天赋/才能 be talented in/at...在……方面有天赋 be proud of 为……感到自豪 [同义词]　take pride in take one's advice 听从某人的建议 [同义词]　follow one's advice jump in with both feet 全身心投入；不加思索地匆匆投入 play music 搞音乐；播放音乐；演奏音乐 option n．选择，可选择的东西 [派生词]　optional adj.可选择的；选修的 [同义词]　choice [短语]　have no choice/option but to do...别无选择只好做…… sigh n．叹气，叹息(尤因厌烦、失望、疲倦等) [短语]　sigh with relief 如释重负地叹了口气 let out a deep sigh 发出深深的叹息 generation n．一代(人) [短语]　from generation to generation 世世代代 gap n．差距，差别 [短语]　gap year 空缺年(常指中学毕业后上大学前所休的一年假期，用于实习或旅游) bridge the generation gap 消除代沟 currently adv.现时，当前 current adj.现在的；通用的；流通的　n．电流；水流；气流；潮流 regularly adv.经常 regular adj.定时的，定期的，有规律的；经常的，频繁的 n．常客，老主顾 [反义词]　irregular adj.不规则的；无规律的 [短语]　regular exercise 定期锻炼 on a regular basis 定期 responsible adj.(对事故、错误、罪行等)负有责任的，应承担责任的 [派生词]　responsibility n．责任，负责 [反义词]　irresponsible adj.没有责任心的 memory n．记忆，回忆 [派生词]　memoris(z)e vt.记住，熟记 memorable adj.难忘的，值得纪念的 [短语]　in memory of...为了纪念…… nowadays adv.现今，现时 skin n．皮肤 jogging n．慢跑锻炼 [短语]　go jogging 去慢跑 slim adj.苗条的，修长的 [短语]　a slim chance 机会渺茫 nation n．国家；民族；国民 [派生词]　national adj.国家的；民族的；国有的 international adj.国际的 nationality n．国籍 aim v．力求达到；瞄准　n．目标，目的；瞄准 [派生词]　aimless adj.无目标的；无计划的 aimlessly adv.漫无目的地 issue n．(尤指社会或政治方面的)议题；争论的问题　v．发行；出版；公布 theme n．主题 [短语]　theme park主题公园 the theme song 主题曲 observe v．庆祝，过(节日、生日等)；观察，注意到；遵守 [派生词]　observation n．观察 observer n．观察员 range n．一系列；范围；界限；山脉 [短语]　a range of 一系列…… event n．活动(指演出、体育比赛、聚会等)；重大事件 [派生词]　eventful adj.多变故的；多事故的 [短语]　a charity event 慈善活动 apologise v．道歉 apology n．道歉 stress n．重音，重读；强调；压力　v．强调；重读；使焦虑不安 [派生词]　stressed adj.焦虑不安的；心力交瘁的 stressful adj.充满压力；紧张的 impact n．作用，影响　v．冲击，撞击；(对……)有影响 [短语]　have an impact on...对……有影响 strength n．强烈程度；优势，长处；力量；体力，力气 strong adj.强壮的；坚强的 [派生词]　strengthen v．加强；巩固 admire v．钦佩，赞美，羡慕 [派生词]　admirable adj.令人钦佩的；值得称赞的 admiration n．钦佩，羡慕 admirer n．赞赏者；钦佩者 judge v．认为，判断；评价　n．法官；裁判员 [派生词]　judg(e)ment n．判断(力)；意见 settle v．和解，结束(争论)；解决；定居 [派生词]　settler n．移民；殖民者 settlement n．解决；定居点 [短语]　settle for勉强接受，将就 series n．系列比赛；系列节目；系列 [短语]　a series of...一系列…… in the lead 领先 onto prep.到……上，向……上，朝……上 track n．跑道，轨道；路线，路径；足迹　v．追踪，跟踪 [短语]　keep track of 了解……的状态；与……保持联系 media n．新闻媒体，传媒 obviously adv.明显地，显而易见地 obvious adj.明显的，显然的，显而易见的 feature n．(报纸或杂志的)特写；专题节目；特色，特征 v．以……为特色；以……为特征 typically adv.一般，通常 typical adj.典型的；有代表性的 [用法]it is typical of sb. to do sth. 做某事是某人的典型特征/某人一向会做某事 individual adj.独特的，与众不同的(一般含褒义)；个人的，单独的　n．个人 [派生词]　individually adv.单独地；分别地 style n．风格；方式 extra adj.额外的，另外的 detail n．细节，细微之处 [派生词]　detailed adj.详细的 [短语]　in detail 详细地 contain v．包含，含有；容纳 [派生词]　container n．容器 summary n．总结，概要 [派生词]　summarize v．总结 [短语]　in summary 总之 powerful adj.强有力的，有影响(感染)力的；强壮的，强健的 power n．权力；能力 [反义词]　powerless adj.无力的；无能的 despite prep.尽管，虽然 [同义词]　in spite of now and then 偶尔 [同义词]　sometimes/at times/every now and then/from time to time/once in a while throughout prep.在整个期间，自始至终；遍及　adv.到处，始终 [短语]　throughout the country 遍及全国 throughout one's life 毕生 entire adj.全部的，整个的 [派生词]　entirely adv.完全地；完整地 enormously adv.非常，极其 enormous adj.巨大的；庞大的 disqualify v．(因犯规而)取消……的资格 qualify v．(使)具有资格；(使)合格 [派生词]　qualified adj.符合资格的 qualification n．资格；学历；资格证书 [短语]　be qualified for/to do sth.有资格做某事/胜任某事 leave...behind 遗留；留下；把……抛在后面 athlete n．运动员，田径运动员 [派生词]　athletic adj.运动的；强壮的 [同义词]　player/sportsman/sportswoman medal n．奖牌，勋章 [短语]　win a gold medal 赢得一枚金牌 somehow adv.用某种方法，不知怎的；不知为什么 end up 最终 indeed adv.当然，确实(用于强调陈述或回答) [Conflicts] criticize vt.& vi.　　　　　　 批评，挑剔，指责 blame vt. 责怪，指责 misunderstand vt.& vi. 误解，误会 a stormy period 一个冲突不断的时期 a big headache 一个大难题 heated arguments 激烈的争吵 family quarrels 家庭纷争 cold silence 冰冷的沉默；冷战 disagree with 不同意 [Atmosphere] peaceful adj. 平静的；和睦的 friendly adj. 友好的 harmonious adj. 和谐的 welcoming adj. 令人感到惬意的 relaxed adj.　　　　　　　 轻松的 be in harmony with... 与……和谐相处 get on/along well with sb. 与某人相处融洽 [Interaction] consult vt.& vi. 请教；商量 appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激 learn to forgive 学会宽恕 make up for 弥补 communication based on trust 以信任为基础的沟通 show respect for... 对……表示尊重 a sincere apology 一个诚恳的道歉 have a say (in...) (在……中)有发言权 agree on... 就……达成一致 shared values 共同的价值观 through thick and thin 同甘共苦 话题佳句 1.Only by a sincere talk can we understand each other and enjoy the warm and harmonious family atmosphere.　只有通过真诚的交谈，我们才能相互理解，享受温暖、和谐的家庭氛围。 2．I feel fortunate and happy to live in a big harmonious family where everyone can have a say in important family events. 生活在一个和谐的大家庭中，每个人在重要的家庭事件中都有发言权，我感到幸运和幸福。 3．Although there is a generation gap between our parents and us, they appreciate us and show respect for our opinions, which sometimes are even opposed to theirs.　虽然父母与我们之间存在代沟，但他们欣赏我们并尊重我们的意见，哪怕这些意见有时甚至与他们的想法相反。 Period 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas 　〈读文清障〉见教材原文助读5(P271)、〈语基默写〉见默写练习(P299) What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The relationship between family members. B．Grandpa's suggestion on the future job. C．The future development of the boy's music band. D.The disagreement between Father and Son in choosing a future job. 答案：D 1．Why does the son want to have a career in music? A．Because he shows interest in it. B．Because he wants to have a good income. C．Because he doesn't want to go to university. D．Because his grandfather wants him to do so. 2．What did the father want to be when he was young? A.A musician.　　　 B．A lawyer. C．A football player. D．An engineer. 3．Which of the following is similar to “jump in with both feet”？ A．Give up. B．Begin something. C．Act in a hurry. D．Do a kind of sport. 4．What do we know from the end of the passage? A．The son takes his grandfather's advice. B．The son is disappointed at his father's words. C．The son and the father reach an agreement. D．The father doesn't agree with the grandfather. 答案：1～4.ACCB 1．I want to focus on my band and have a career in music when I leave school. [分析]　本句中“to focus on my band”与“have a career in music”为并列的不定式结构作宾语；“when I leave school”为when引导的时间状语从句。 [翻译]　 我想专注做乐队，等(高中)毕业以后从事音乐行业。 2．I remember when you were his age, you said that you wanted to be a professional football player. [分析]　本句中“when you were...football player”为宾语从句；其中“when you were his age”为when引导的时间状语从句，“that you wanted to be a professional football player”为that引导的宾语从句。 [翻译]　 我记得你像他这么大的时候，你说你想要成为一名职业足球运动员。 Ⅰ.核心词汇·练通 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词 1．the main character　　　　 主角 2．approach the destination 接近目的地 3．have a brief chat 进行一次简短的交谈 4．focus on your studies 把注意力集中在学习上 5．career development 职业发展 6．respect the old and take care of the young 尊老爱幼 7．the young generation 年轻一代 8．narrow the gap between the rich and the poor 缩小贫富差距 Ⅱ.拓展词汇·用活 根据提示写出相应的单词 1．assume v．假定，假设，认为→assumption n．假定，假设→assuming conj.假定，假设 2．ignore v．忽视，不理→ignorant adj.无知的→ignorance n．无知 3．professional adj.职业的，专业的→profession n.职业；专业 4．suit v．适合→suitable adj.合适的 5．talent n．天赋，才能→talented adj.有才能的 Ⅲ.重点短语·再现 根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语 1．If you have trouble with maths, you can turn to(求助于) your teacher for help. 2．Students should focus on(专注于) understanding knowledge rather than just memorizing it. 3．The teacher raised his voice(提高他的声音) so that students sitting behind could also hear him clearly. 4．Calm down(冷静下来) and think before you speak, otherwise you may say something you regret. 5．We are proud of(对……感到自豪) our achievements and believe we can do more for a better life. 6．I took my teacher's advice(采纳了老师的建议) and spent more time reading English novels, and my reading speed and vocabulary have improved a lot. 7．Don't be afraid of making mistakes; just jump in with both feet(全身心投入) and start practicing your spoken English. 8．I enjoy playing music(演奏音乐) with my friends on weekends to relax myself. Ⅳ.重点句型·呈现 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．过去分词短语作定语 Grandfather and Father, seated at the table(坐在桌旁), are playing chess. 2. 完全倒装 Oh look, here comes my boy(我的儿子过来了). 3．动词-ing(短语)作主语 Playing in a band(玩乐队) is not a job. 4．that引导宾语从句 I remember when you were his age, you said that you wanted to be a professional football player(你想要成为一名职业足球运动员). 　approach v.走近，靠近　n．靠近；方法；途径 【经典例句】 His face lit up with excitement as he saw his old friend and approached him with open arms.　他一看到老朋友，脸上就露出了激动的神色，张开双臂走近他。 an approach to(doing) sth. (做)……的方法；通往……的道路 at the approach of...　　 在……临近的时候 with the approach of... 随着……的来临/临近 【单句语法填空/句型转换】 (1)I think we should take the good points from our two different education systems to perfect our approach to studying(study). (2)As the night was approaching, I became worried and could not keep calm. →At the approach of the night, I became worried and could not keep calm.(approach n．) →With the night approaching，I became worried and could not keep calm.(with复合结构) [读后续写之心理描写] 　turn to 求助于；致力于；从事于；查阅；翻到 (书的某页)；转向 【经典例句】 (教材P35)You know you can always turn to your dad for a chat. 你知道的，你可以随时找爸爸聊聊。 turn up　　　　 调大(音量)；出现 turn down 关小；拒绝；调低(音量、强度等) turn in 上交；归还 turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等) turn off 关上(水、煤气、电灯等) turn out 结果是，证明是 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)I'm sorry to turn down the invitation to go out with you this weekend, because I have just been informed that I'll have an important meeting to attend.[应用文写作之道歉信] (2)I'm writing to express my thanks for everything that you did for me when I turned to you for help.[应用文写作之感谢信] (3)She didn't turn up at the party yesterday, which was because she had to look after her sick grandma. (4)事实证明，帮助别人实现他们的梦想让我更快乐。 It turns out that helping others realize their dreams gives me more pleasure.[读后续写之主旨升华] 　focus v.(把……)集中(于)；聚焦　n．焦点，重点 【经典例句】 (教材P35)I want to focus on my band and have a career in music when I leave school. 我想专注做乐队，等(高中)毕业以后从事音乐行业。 (1)focus on...　　　　 集中(注意力、精力等)于/专注于…… focus/fix one's attention on sth. 把某人的注意力集中到 某物上 (2)the focus of... ……的焦点 【单句语法填空/补全句子/句式升级】 (1)(译林必修一U4)Focusing on your strengths also helps you build your confidence. (2)Because he focused/fixed his attention on(集中注意力于) his homework, he didn't know what was happening outside. →Focusing/Fixing his attention on his homework, he didn't know what was happening outside.(现在分词短语作状语) →With his attention focused/fixed on his homework, he didn't know what was happening outside.(with复合结构) 　assume v.假定，假设，认为；担任，承担 【经典例句】 (教材P35)You just assume I want to be a lawyer, but that's only because you are a lawyer. 你想当然地认为我想当律师，但那只是因为你自己是律师。 (1)assume...to be...　　 认为……是……； 假定……是…… It is(generally/widely) assumed that... 人们(普遍)认为…… assuming (that)... 假如…… (2)assumption n.　　　　 假定，假设 make an assumption 作出假设 on the assumption that... 假定……，假设…… 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)We made the assumption(assume) that everyone would arrive on time, but unfortunately, some people were late. (2)假如我被选为学生会主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动来丰富我们的学校生活。 Assuming (that) I am chosen to be chairman of the Students' Union, I will organize more colorful after-class activities to enrich our school life.[应用文写作之发言稿] (3)人们普遍认为全球变暖和气候变化可能在未来导致更多的灾难。 It's generally assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.[应用文写作之环境保护] 　respect v.尊敬，敬重；遵守　n．尊重；敬意，问候 【经典例句】 (教材P35)Lawyers help people and are respected by others.　律师帮助人们并且受人尊重。 (1)respect sb./sth.for sth. 因某事尊敬/尊重某人/某物 (2)show/have respect for... 对……表示尊敬/尊重 out of respect for... 出于对……的尊重 give/send one's respects to... 代某人向……问候/表达敬意 (3)respectable adj. 值得尊敬的，体面的 respectful adj. 表示尊敬的，恭敬的 【单句语法填空/语段填空/补全句子/完成句子】 (1)As we all know, showing respect for the old and taking care of the young is a good Chinese tradition. (2)Our English teacher always respects our opinions. Everyone in our class says he is a respectable teacher and we should be respectful to him. (respect) (3) Out of respect for the traditions(出于对传统的尊重), the family continue to celebrate the festival every year. [应用文写作之传统文化] (4)我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他总是不遗余力地在各个方面帮助我们。 The person I respect most is my head teacher, who is always sparing no effort to help us in every aspect.[应用文写作之人物介绍] 　suit v.适合，合适；相配　n．套装 【经典例句】 (教材P36)Yes, and you have found the career that suits your talents. 是的，而且你已经找到了适合自己天分的职业。 (1)suit sb.(fine)　　　　　　(很)合某人的意；对某人(很)合适 suit...to... 使……适合/适 应…… (2)suitable adj. 适当的；相配的 be suitable/fit for 适合；胜任 be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)Realizing the competition was harder than expected, Tom suited his plan to the new situation and finally won the championship. (2)From my point of view, the cell phone makes our life more convenient, but it is not suitable to be used(use) widely on campus.[应用文写作之发言稿] (3)我相信我适合这份志愿者工作，因为我精通英语。 I am confident that I'm suitable/fit for the voluntary work, because I have a good command of English.[应用文写作之申请信] 　完全倒装 【经典例句】 (教材 P35)Oh look, here comes my boy.　看，我的儿子过来了。 教材原句是一个完全倒装句。其正常结构为“Oh look, my boy comes here.”。 (1)当here、there、now、then、in、out、down、up、off、away等表示地点、时间和方位的副词位于句首，谓语动词是come、go、be、lie、stand 等，且主语是名词时，句子要用完全倒装。其中谓语动词多用一般现在时或者一般过去时，而不能用进行时； (2)当表示地点的介词词组位于句首时，为加强语气，常用完全倒装。 【完成句子】 (1)我们家前面矗立着一棵有着1 000多年历史的古树，如今它已被政府保护起来。 In front of our house stands an old tree with a history of over 1，000 years, which is protected by the government now. (2)铃声一响孩子们就冲了出去，急切地想要享受他们的休息时间。 Out rushed the children as soon as the bell rang, eager to enjoy their break time.[读后续写之动作描写] (3)听到这个好消息，这个男孩儿从椅子上跳了起来。 Hearing the good news, up jumped the boy from the chair. [读后续写之动作描写] 　动词-ing(短语)作主语 【经典例句】 (教材 P35)Playing in a band is not a job.　玩乐队可算不上是一份工作。 教材原句中的Playing in a band为动词-ing短语作主语。 (1)动词-ing(短语)作主语时，表示习惯性、经常性的动作； (2)动词-ing(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式； (3)动词-ing(短语)作主语时，有时用 it作形式主语，而把真正的主语置于句尾。常见句型有：It is useful/nice/good/worth/useless/no use/no good/a waste of time＋doing...(做……是有用的/极好的/有益的/值得的/无用的/无益的/浪费时间)。 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)I'm writing to tell you that joining the voluntary club is(be) very meaningful, so I sincerely invite you to join us.[应用文写作之邀请信] (2)If you want to succeed, it is no use talking (talk) too much without actually doing anything at all.[应用文写作之建议信] (3)找出你犯错的原因，能帮你避免再犯同样的错误。 Finding out why you made the mistakes will help you avoid the same ones.[应用文写作之建议信] The grandfather and father, 1.seated(seat) at the table, are playing chess when the son comes. 2.Nervously(nervous) approaching the table, the son tells his father that he has decided not to go to university and that he wants to have a career in music when he 3.leaves(leave) school. The father is surprised and wants him 4.to be(be) a lawyer in the future.He says that lawyers help people and 5.are respected(respect) by others. However, the son isn't interested 6.in law. The grandfather remembers that the father wanted to be a 7.professional(profession) football player when he was young.However, the grandfather wanted him to be an engineer and advised him to think carefully.The father found the career 8. that/which suited his talents in the end. The grandfather advises that his grandson should go to university and play music at 9.the same time.In this way, he can have two 10.options(option) for his future. Ⅰ.品句填词 1．(译林必修一U3)We know that our friends will both respect(尊重) our feelings and treasure these moments of closeness. 2．With the Spring Festival approaching, people are busy preparing delicious food and cleaning houses. 3．As a leading expert in this field, he was invited to give some professional(专业的) advice on how to learn English well. 4．As soon as the class began, Li Hua focused his attention on listening carefully in class, taking notes whenever the teacher mentioned key points. 5．It is important to pass down our traditions to future generations(一代人), so that they can learn from our history and build upon it. Ⅱ.词块运用 1．Learning that you are a master of Chinese culture, I would like to turn to (求助于) you for some advice on the topics of the class meeting. 2．To achieve your goals, it's important to focus on(专注于) one task at a time rather than doing everything at once. 3．She decided to take his advice(接受他的建议) that she should join the English corner to practice spoken English. 4．Her teacher told her that she could take a few deep breaths to calm down(镇定下来) when she felt nervous. 5．When she saw the audience cheering loudly for her performance, she smiled, proud of (为……感到自豪) everything she had done. Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文 Dear Li Hua， How is everything with you? I am sorry to know 1.that you have quarreled with your parents(你和你的父母吵架了；that引导宾语从句), which makes you feel very annoyed. 2.Here comes the advice I want to share with you(以下是我想与你分享的建议；完全倒装). First of all, 3.having an honest communication with your parents is very important[与父母坦诚地沟通是很重要的；动词-ing(短语)作主语]. Besides, when you disagree with your parents, take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view. Last but not least, learn to respect each other. I hope my suggestions will be of great help. Yours， Friend 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $