UNIT 3 五年高考真题练（Word同步练习）-【学而思】2026-2027学年高二英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版）

**基本信息** 练习以高考真题为载体，融合词汇基础巩固与阅读理解能力进阶，分层覆盖基础词汇到语篇推理，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |词汇基础层|派生/合成词汇|通过填空强化构词法，夯实词汇基础| |语篇理解层|细节信息定位|细节题训练快速提取文本关键信息能力| |思维应用层|逻辑推理分析|推理题要求分析数据偏差成因及解决建议，提升逻辑思维|

五年高考真题练 阅读理解 (2024新课标Ⅰ,D) In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1.What do we know about the records of species collected now? A.They are becoming outdated.　　　B.They are mostly in electronic form. C.They are limited in number.　　　D.They are used for public exhibition. 2.What does Daru's study focus on? A.Threatened species.　　　B.Physical specimens. C.Observational data.　　　D.Mobile applications. 3.What has led to the biases according to the study? A.Mistakes in data analysis.　　　B.Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C.Improper way of sampling.　　　D.Unreliable data collection devices. 4.What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps? A.Review data from certain areas.　　　B.Hire experts to check the records. C.Confirm the identity of the users.　　　D.Give guidance to citizen scientists. 高考词汇站 派生/合成词汇 1.diversity n.多样性→　　　　n.生物多样性   2.observe v.观察→　　　　n.观察→　　　　adj.(尤指为获取新信息)观察的  3.apply v.应用→　　　　n.应用程序,应用软件   4.cover v.覆盖→　　　　n.覆盖范围　　　  5.identify v.确认,识别→　　　　n.验明,确认  6.outnumber v.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 7.dataset n.　　　　  8.eye-catching adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　9.oversampled adj.　　　　  答案与分层梯度式解析 五年高考真题练 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究者和公民科学家在科技手段和移动应用程序的帮助下,搜集了很多记录全球各地物种的电子资料。但一个新的斯坦福研究发现,这种记录并不完美,它们的取样有一定的片面性。助理教授Daru通过研究,尝试着找到了解决办法。 【篇章结构图】　1.tested　2.coverage　3.regions 4.inform　5.confirm 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.”可知,现在生物多样性记录的形式多为照片、视频和其他的数字记录,这些记录是电子形式的,故选B。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段末尾的“we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change”和第四段中的“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it”可知,Daru使用了观测数据去调查物种如何应对全球变化,而且他们尤其关注取样记录中产生数据偏差的方面,可见Daru的研究重点是观测数据,故选C。 3.C　推理判断题。根据第五段“...records did not lead to better global coverage...are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species...These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.”可知,这些记录没有很好地达到全球的覆盖面,因为侧重于一定的区域、阶段、物种而产生偏差,还会因为偏向于某些具有吸引力或具有引人注目特征的物种而产生偏差。据此分析可知,是抽样方式不当造成了这些偏差,故选C。 4.D　推理判断题。根据题干中的“Daru's suggestion”可定位至文章最后一段。该段中Daru所说的话,可分为两个层面:①to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled; ②encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image。通过分析可知,Daru解释说生物多样性应用程序可以用他们的研究结果告诉过度采样地区的使用者并引领他们去那些采样不佳的地区甚至物种所在地;另外生物多样性应用程序还可鼓励使用者让专家识别他们上传的照片并进行确认。总之是建议生物多样性应用程序为公民科学家提供指导。故选D。 【高考词汇站】　1.biodiversity　2.observation;observational 3.application　4.coverage　5.identification　6.(在数量上)压倒,比……多　7.数据集　8.引人注目的　9.过采样的 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $