Unit 1 The Changing World 基础知识讲义2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册

该初中英语九年级上册Unit 1基础知识讲义围绕“变化”主题构建知识体系，通过词汇速记表、短语分类表格等工具，系统梳理重点词汇（如bring about, used to do）、功能短语（发展进步类、便利高效类）及核心句型（It takes sb. time to do sth.），清晰呈现重难点分布与内在逻辑关联。 讲义亮点在于“情境化”练习设计，如书面表达“Changes in My Hometown”结合单元主题，培养语言运用能力。通过易混词对比（take place vs. happen）、句型转换等题型提升思维品质，分层练习（基础填空、完形阅读）满足不同学生需求，配套答题模板与记忆技巧，支持学生自主复习，助力教师精准教学。

九年级英语上册 Unit 1 The Changing World 基础知识讲义 第一部分 单元学习目标 1. 掌握本单元重点词汇的音、形、义及用法 2. 熟练运用重点短语描述家乡或身边的变化 3. 掌握以下核心句型： - used to do sth. 表达过去的状态 - take/spend 表示"花费时间" - 现在完成时描述已发生的变化 4. 能运用所学知识谈论社会变迁与个人生活的变化 第二部分 Section A 重点词汇精讲 1. bring about 带来，引起 用法：及物动词短语，后接变化、影响等抽象名词。 例句： - Technology has brought about great changes in our daily life. 科技给我们的日常生活带来了巨大的变化。 - What brought about this misunderstanding 是什么引起了这个误会？ 注意：bring about = lead to / result in，但bring about侧重"引发、带来"，主语多为事物。 2. take place 发生；举行 用法：不及物动词短语，指有计划、有安排地发生，不能接宾语，无被动语态。 例句： - Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 - The sports meeting will take place next Friday. 运动会将于下周五举行。 易混辨析： take place 发生；举行 有计划 会议、比赛、变化等 happen 发生 偶然/意外 事故、意外事件等 对比例句： - The story takes place in a small village. 这个故事发生在一个小村庄里。 - A car accident happened on this road yesterday. 昨天这条路上发生了一起车祸。 3. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 用法：表示过去经常做但现在不再做的动作或状态。 例句： - Many young people used to leave the village to work in big cities. 许多年轻人过去常常离开村庄去大城市工作。 - I used to grow a few vegetables on a small farm. 我过去曾在一个小农场种一些蔬菜。 - She used to be a teacher, but now she works as a manager. 她过去是老师，但现在做经理。 句型结构： - 肯定句：主语 + used to + 动词原形 - 否定句：主语 + didn't use to + 动词原形 - 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形？ 4. be covered with 被……覆盖 用法：表示表面被某物覆盖，强调状态。 例句： - The hills are covered with green trees now. 如今山上覆盖着绿树。 - The ground is covered with thick snow. 地面被厚厚的积雪覆盖。 辨析：be covered with（强调状态）vs. be covered by（强调动作的执行者） - The road is covered with sand. 路面覆盖着沙子。（描述状态） - The road is covered by the government. 这条路由政府负责覆盖。（强调动作发出者） 5. lack /læk/ n. & v. 缺乏 用法：可作名词或动词，表示"缺少"。 例句： - Lack of sleep made him tired all day. 缺乏睡眠让他一整天都无精打采。 - They lacked money to build new roads. 他们缺少修建新路的资金。 常用搭配： - (a) lack of ……的缺乏 - lack sth. 缺少某物（直接接宾语） - be lacking in … 在……方面不足 6. support /səˈpɔːt/ n. & v. 支持 用法：可作名词或动词，表示"支持、支撑"。 例句： - With the government's support, many villages have built new roads. 在政府的支持下，许多村庄修建了新道路。 - He works hard to support his whole family. 他努力工作养家糊口。 常用搭配： - with the support of sb. 在某人的支持下 - support sb. in doing sth. 支持某人做某事 - give support to sb. 给予某人支持 7. 核心词汇速记表 英文 词性 中文 记忆技巧 high-tech adj. 高科技的 high + tech(nology) 合成词 greenhouse n. 温室 green + house 合成词 Highway n. 公路 high + way 合成词 Railway n. 铁路 rail + way 合成词 e-payment n. 电子支付 e- (electronic) + payment attraction n. 向往的地方；吸引力 attract（吸引）+ -tion product n. 产品 produce（生产）+ -ct greatly adv. 大大地；非常 great + -ly 第三部分 Section B 重点短语归纳 一、发展进步类（描述积极变化） 1. benefit local lives使当地生活受益 benefit作动词，直接接宾语 例：New roads benefit local lives. 2. build a better world建设更美好的世界 build a + adj. + world 例：We should work together to build a better world. 3. develop industry发展工业 develop作及物动词 例：The government helped develop local industry. 4. work together合作；共同努力 work作动词，together作副词 例：Everyone should work together. 二、便利高效类（描述生活改善） 1. cut the travel time to...把行程时间缩短到…… cut...to 表示“削减到……” 例：The new road cuts the travel time to 30 minutes. 2. with ease轻而易举地；轻松地 with ease = easily 例：People can make business deals with ease. 3. make business deals达成交易 make deals 固定搭配 例：They make business deals online. 4. high-tech library 高科技图书馆high-tech 作定语 例：We have a high-tech library now. 5. digital books电子书 digital = electronic 例：Students can read digital books. 6. audio books有声书 audio 作定语 例：Audio books are popular among the old. 三、预测结果类（描述影响） 1. make predictions做预测；做出预测 make + 名词 例：It's hard to make predictions about the future. 2. as a result结果；因此 常用于句首，后用逗号 例：As a result, people's lives have improved. 四、比较记录类（学习方法） 1. compare... with... 把……与……对比；比较 compare A with B 例：We can compare the past with the present. 2. take notes做笔记；记笔记 take notes = make notes 例：Students should take notes in class. 五、商业运输类（描述经济活动） 1. carry products to the market把产品运到市场 carry...to 表示“运送到” 例：Farmers carry products to the market by truck. 2. fresh food新鲜食物 fresh 作定语 例：Now people can buy fresh food every day. 单元重点短语速记表 类别 核心短语 关键词助记 变化类 bring about changes / take place / get better and better 变、发生、越来越好 时间类 over the years / used to do 多年、过去常常 困难类 shortage / lack of / in sandy areas 短缺、缺乏、沙化 措施类 with the support of / hold together / be covered with 支持、保持、覆盖 发展类 benefit / build / develop / work together 受益、建设、发展、合作 便利类 cut the time / with ease / digital / audio 缩短、轻松、数字、音频 预测类 make predictions / as a result 预测、结果 比较类 compare... with... / take notes 对比、笔记 商业类 carry products / fresh food 运输、新鲜 第四部分 核心句型精讲 句型一：It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 结构：It + takes/took + (sb.) + time + to do sth. 用法：表示"做某事花费（某人）多长时间"。 例句： - It took a long time to reach the town on rough roads. 走崎岖的道路到达镇上要花很长时间。 - It takes me about 20 minutes to get to school every day. 我每天到学校大约花费20分钟。 对比：spend (人作主语) vs. take (it作形式主语) - I spent 20 minutes getting to school. - It took me 20 minutes to get to school. 句型二：How do you think...? 结构：How do you think + 从句？ 用法：询问对方对某事的看法。 例句： - How do you think the life will change in the future 你认为未来的生活会怎样变化？ 注意：此句型与"What do you think of..."意思相近，但结构不同。 拓展： - What do you think of... = How do you like... 你认为……怎么样？ 句型三：比较级 + and + 比较级 结构：形容词/副词的比较级 + and + 同一比较级 用法：表示"越来越……"。 例句： - The farmland was getting smaller and smaller. 耕地变得越来越小。 - The environment is getting better and better. 环境变得越来越好。 第五部分 单元检测练习 一、根据首字母或汉语提示写单词（每题1分，共10分） 1. The new hospital has become a tourist a________. (向往的地方) 2. With the help of the g________, we have built many new roads. (政府) 3. The road is too r________ for bicycles. (崎岖的) 4. We now use e-p________ to pay for things with our phones. (电子支付) 5. There is a s________ of water in this area. (短缺) 6. The hills are c________ with green trees now. (覆盖) 7. It takes me 30 minutes to get to school on the r________. (铁路) 8. The new farming technology has g________ improved people's lives. (大大地) 9. We sell our farm p________ in the local market. (产品) 10. The farmer works in the g________ to grow vegetables in winter. (温室) 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（每题2分，共10分） 1. My hometown ________ (change) a lot over the past 20 years. 2. People used to ________ (travel) far to see a doctor. 3. The government supports the villagers ________ (build) new houses. 4. ________ (learn) English well is very important for us. 5. The land is getting ________ and ________ (sandy) in this area. 三、根据汉语完成句子（每题2分，共10分） 1. 在政府的支持下，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 ________ ________ ________ ________, great changes have taken place in our hometown. 2. 村民们过去常常手工劳作。 The villagers ________ ________ ________ ________ by hand. 3. 现在去镇上只需要很短的时间。 Now ________ ________ only a short time ________ get to the town. 4. 树木有助于保持山上的土壤。 Trees help ________ the soil ________ on the hills. 5. 我们的生活变得越来越好。 Our lives are getting ________ ________ ________. 四、单项选择（每题1分，共10分） ( ) 1. —How has your hometown changed over the years —It ________ a lot. A. changes B. changed C. has changed D. is changing ( ) 2. The sports meeting will ________ next Friday. A. happen B. take place C. be happened D. be taken place ( ) 3. She ________ a teacher, but now she is a manager. A. used to B. used to be C. was used to D. use to ( ) 4. The ground is covered ________ thick snow. A. with B. by C. of D. from ( ) 5. ________ of sleep made him feel tired. A. A lack B. Lack C. The lack D. Lacking ( ) 6. The new road has brought ________ great changes. A. to B. about C. up D. down ( ) 7. It ________ my mother 2 hours to cook dinner every day. A. takes B. spends C. pays D. costs ( ) 8. ________ do you think of the new library A. How B. What C. Why D. Where ( ) 9. The village is getting ________ and ________ beautiful. A. many; many B. more; more C. most; most D. much; much ( ) 10. We should ________ our environment. A. make predictions B. cut the time C. hold together D. protect 五、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. Great changes have taken place in my hometown.（改为一般疑问句） ________ great changes ________ ________ in your hometown 2. She used to live in a small village.（改为否定句） She ________ ________ ________ live in a small village. 3. It took them 3 hours to finish the work.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ ________ it take them to finish the work 4. People can pay with their phones.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ people pay 5. The hills are covered with green trees.（改为同义句） Green trees ________ the hills. 六、完形填空（每题1.5分，共15分） My hometown is a small village. It has changed a lot 1 the past 20 years. In the past, the roads were very 2 . It took a long time to go to the town. People used to 3 far to see a doctor. The farmland was small and people worked 4 hand. But now, everything is different. 5 the government's support, we have built many new roads and a new hospital. We also have a big supermarket. The hills are covered 6 green trees. There are 7 sandstorms than before. The environment is getting better and 8 . Many young people used to 9 the village to work in big cities. But now, they come back to 10 their hometown. Our village has become a beautiful place to live. ( ) 1. A. in B. on C. at D. for ( ) 2. A. smooth B. rough C. wide D. narrow ( ) 3. A. travel B. traveled C. traveling D. travels ( ) 4. A. in B. with C. by D. at ( ) 5. A. In B. With C. At D. On ( ) 6. A. with B. by C. of D. in ( ) 7. A. fewer B. less C. more D. many ( ) 8. A. good B. well C. better D. best ( ) 9. A. leave B. left C. leaves D. leaving ( ) 10. A. build B. bring C. develop D. take 七、阅读理解（每题2分，共10分） My hometown is a beautiful place, but it was very poor in the past. The roads were rough and it was difficult to go to the town. There were no hospitals or big supermarkets. People lived a hard life. However, great changes have taken place in the past 20 years. With the government's support, we have built new roads, a new hospital, and a modern school. The environment has also improved a lot. We have planted many trees on the hills, and there are fewer sandstorms now. People's lives have greatly improved. Many tourists come to visit our village because it has become a popular attraction. The villagers used to work by hand, but now we use machines to help with farming. We grow tons of fruit and vegetables in greenhouses and sell them in large cities. I believe our hometown will become better and better. ( ) 1. What was the hometown like in the past A. It was modern and rich. B. It had many hospitals. C. It was poor and difficult. D. It had many tourists. ( ) 2. What has been built in the hometown in the past 20 years A. New roads and a hospital. B. A big factory. C. A large airport. D. A theme park. ( ) 3. What does the writer say about the environment A. It has got worse. B. It has greatly improved. C. It hasn't changed. D. There are more sandstorms. ( ) 4. How do villagers farm now A. They work by hand. B. They use machines. C. They use animals. D. They don't farm anymore. ( ) 5. Why do tourists come to visit the village A. It has become a popular attraction. B. It has many factories. C. It has a big airport. D. It has a large zoo. 八、书面表达（15分） 请以"Changes in My Hometown"为题，用英语写一篇短文，介绍你家乡的变化。 要求： 1. 描述过去的情况（交通、生活条件等） 2. 描述现在的变化（政府支持、新设施、环境改善等） 3. 表达你的感受或展望 4. 不少于80词 参考答案 一、根据首字母或汉语提示写单词 1. attraction 2. government 3. rough 4. e-payment 5. shortage 6. covered 7. railway 8. greatly 9. products 10. greenhouse 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. has changed 2. travel 3. to build 4. Learning 5. sandier; sandier 三、根据汉语完成句子 1. With the government's support 2. used to work 3. it takes; to 4. hold; together 5. better and better 四、单项选择 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. D 五、句型转换 1. Have; taken place 2. didn't use to 3. How long did 4. How do 5. cover 六、完形填空 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. C 七、阅读理解 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $