2026-2027学年译林版英语九年级上册期中阅读理解之d篇

**基本信息** 聚焦初中英语阅读理解核心技能，通过科普、文化、社会现象等多元主题，系统覆盖细节理解、推理判断等题型，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |科普类|4篇（苹果种子毒性、彩色噪音等）|细节查找、词义猜测|以科学现象为载体，训练信息定位与逻辑推理能力| |文化类|3篇（汉字发展、敦煌文化等）|主旨归纳、推理判断|依托文化传承主题，提升跨文化理解与概括能力| |社会现象类|7篇（慢旅行、数字泡菜等）|观点态度、细节理解|结合现实议题，培养批判性思维与信息筛选技能|

1D In the story Snow White, the jealous queen decides to kill Snow White once and for all with an apple dipped in deadly poison (毒). Thanks to seven helpful dwarfs and a handsome prince, Snow White recovery one lives happily ever after. But the queen didn’t need to go to all that trouble. In fact, apples-along with many common fruits we eat-are already poisonous! But don’t worry. The yummy fleshy part won’t harm you. It’s only the seeds you need to avoid. Apple trees belong to a plant family called Prunus. This group also includes peaches, plums and cherries. The seeds of all these fruits carry a chemical called amygdalin. Inside an animal’s stomach, amygdalin turns into a strong poison called cyanide (氰化物). And cyanide can make people and animals very sick, or even kill them. Still, don’t worry if you get down a few apple seeds by chance. Each seed has only a very tiny amount (数量) of poison. You’d have to eat a large bowlful of seeds to feel any influence. And you’ d need to chew (咀嚼) them well-the hard, shiny coating of apple seeds keeps the poison locked inside. Unchewed seeds usually pass right through and come out whole in your poop. But cows and other animals often chew up seeds along with the fruit, so they can get sick from eating apples and plums that fall to the ground. Why would a tree make poisoned seeds? ________! Amygdalin tastes terrible. It’s also found in leaves and other parts of fruit trees. If a deer or cow eats apple leaves, it experiences a nasty taste and an upset stomach so animals soon learn to leave those trees alone. Thanks, amygdalin! Want proof? If you bite into an apple seed, you’ll notice an awful taste. That’s the amygdalin. The apple tree doesn’t want you to chew up its seeds. It wants you to spit them out, so they can grow into new trees. Go right ahead! Mirror mirror, on the wall, who’s the cleverest fruit of all? 1. What happens when amygdalin is inside an animal’s stomach? A. It produces a strong poison. B. It turns into awful apple juice. C. It harms the fleshy part of apples. D. It saves the animal from illness and death. 2. The writer suggests it’s safe to accidentally get down a few apple seeds because ________. ①the amount of poison in each seed is very small ②the poison in the seeds is harmless to human beings ③the influence of the poison is weak if you eat only a few seeds ④the hard coating of the seeds can keep the poison locked inside A ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④ 3. Which of the following would be most suitable for ________? A. To ensure the seeds grow faster B. To produce a sweet taste in the fruit C. To make the seeds more attractive to eat D. To prevent animals from eating the seeds 4. In writing this article, the writer wants to ________. A. introduce readers the cleverest fruit of all B. advise readers not to eat too many apples C. encourage readers to reread of Snow White D. tell readers of the poisonous nature of apple seeds 2D The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet (字母表), it uses characters (汉字) which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. Chinese words are formed by putting together different characters. In many cases, a single character can also make up a word. As one kind of the most ancient characters, Chinese characters have played an important part in the development of Chinese culture. At first, ancient Sumerian and ancient Egyptian symbols existed (存在), but only Chinese characters are still in use today. The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed. Chinese writing began thousands of years ago. According to an ancient story, a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese writing. One winter day while he was hunting, he saw the footprints of animals in the snow and noticed that the appearance of each one was different. Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects. The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects. Some characters have been simplified (简化) and others have been made more difficult over time. However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops together. This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used nowadays. Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by putting two or more characters together. For example, “rest” was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character “prisoner” was formed with a “man” inside a square. Other characters were developed for directions and numbers. It is easy to distinguish (区别) their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for “up” and “down”, which are opposites of each other. Though these kinds of characters show meanings, one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced. Therefore, a way was developed to have one part of a character represent the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation. Many Chinese characters used today were made this way. In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters in the hope to make learning to read and write more understandable to a large number of people, which would increase literacy (读写能力) across the country. And now they have widespread use in China’s mainland. 1. How did the writer introduce the Chinese characters? A. By giving examples. B. By providing causes. C. By expressing opinions. D. By comparing (比较) facts. 2. The sentence “Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.” would best be placed at the beginning of _________. A. Paragraph 5 B. Paragraph 4 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 2 3. What can we learn from the passage? A. Chinese characters have turned into standard forms, which are easier than before. B. Chinese characters we use today have been accepted by large numbers of people. C. Chinese words and English words are both formed by putting alphabets and characters together. D. Chinese characters existed at the very beginning and are still in use today like other ancient symbols. 4. What might be the best title for the passage? A. How to form Chinese characters. B. The history of the Chinese language. C. The development of Chinese characters. D. The difference between Chinese and Western language. 3D （8分）It may sound strange，but many people play noise to help themselves sleep better.Actually，this kind of noise is called coloured noise，such as white noise，pink noise，and brown noise. Coloured noise contains a wide range of frequencies.However，it shows stronger intensity at certain frequencies.For example，violet noise has stronger intensity at higher frequencies.Brown noise produces deeper sounds such as heavy rainfall，because it shows stronger intensity at lower frequencies.White noise has equal intensity across all frequencies.Typical examples of white noise are the noise made by fans，and natural sounds like gently running water.Pink noise is similar to white noise but has stronger intensity at lower frequencies. There have been several experiments on the effect that noise has on people.In a 2021 study，10 people in New York City affected by loud environmental noise showed improved sleep quality and sleep duration when white noise was played.Another sleep study showed that 16 adults actually improved their memory of vocabulary after listening to pink noise in their sleep，though the effect of pink noise on sleep quality wasn't measured.Some people suggest that brown noise is the best noise for their sleep.However，no studies have proven it. So why do some people claim to sleep better with certain coloured noise？There are some theories that can explain it.One is about sound masking，and it shows that white noise masks other sounds of noise，resulting in better sleep.Another theory is that this sleep﹣aid effect could be an example of classical conditioning.For example，people who sleep better with brown noise may have conditioned themselves over time to fall asleep when they hear it. Every coloured noise has its benefits.It is your personal choice to decide which coloured noise is the best for you to get a good sleep! （1）According to the passage，coloured noise 　 　. A．shows similar intensity B．is mainly created by people C．has different frequencies D．is harmful to people's health （2）Which of the following is right for the frequencies of coloured noise？ 　 　 A． B． C． D． （3）What can we learn from the passage？ 　 　 A．White noise is helpful for people to improve memory. B．The effect of pink noise on sleep quality has been proved. C．People may sleep better with brown noise if they get used to it. D．People can't decide which coloured noise to play for their sleep. （4）What's the best title for the passage？ 　 　 A．Coloured Noise：A Good Helper for Your Sleep B．Coloured Noise：A Creative Idea to Study Sounds C．Coloured Noise：A New Way to Improve Memory D．Coloured Noise：A Smart Choice for Your Health 4D If a stranger (陌生人) knocked on your door asking to use your phone, would you help? How about lending them five dollars for the bus, if they said they’d return and pay you back? Nowadays, many people find it hard to trust strangers. A recent study found that our ability to trust strangers may be more than just a social or psychological characteristic—it could come from our DNA. This is important, in fact, as it turns out that trusting people might live longer and healthier lives compared to those who like to doubt others. ①________ ②________ Two main theories have appeared to explain why some people are more trusting than others. One suggests trust is a stable characteristic shaped by early life experiences. The other thinks it’s influenced by what a person always thinks about the world around them. We can easily guess the answer to the question “Would you say that most people can be trusted?” would depend on whether you’d been robbed the day before or if you’d had your missing wallet returned. ③________ This is where the recent research comes in. Edgerton, a researcher from Lund University, and his teammates have been doing research about trust. In their most recent study, with 33,882 Danish blood donors, they found a single gene (基因)—PLPP4, which has a strong connection to the personality of trusting others, and that the PLPP4 gene explained 6% of the difference in social trust among the people in the study. If you take two people who have similar education and life experiences, this gene alone could account for 6% of the difference in how much they trust others. ④________ They believe that the PLPP4 gene may soften our “fight-or-flight” survival response (反应). If our fight-or-flight system is less strong when we meet new people, it makes sense that trusting others could greatly improve our health. Indeed, if trusting others acts as something against stress, it may lower the risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. As people continue to uncover the mysteries of trust, one thing is clear: understanding its genetic roots may hold the key to developing healthier communities in the world. 1. Why does the writer begin the passage with questions? A. To test the readers’ sense of safety. B. To show how dangerous it is to trust strangers. C. To challenge readers to make a difficult choice. D. To introduce the topic by connecting to readers’ own lives. 2. According to paragraph 3, what might make you trust people less today? A. If you had a happy childhood. B. If you once faced difficulties at work. C. If you were not educated well at a young age. D. If you were treated in a dishonest way by others. 3. The following sentence can be put at ________. What makes some people more trusting? A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ 4. What can we know from the passage? A. We should trust strangers more so that we can live longer. B. Trust may come from our body and is good for our health. C. The PLPP4 gene may lead to our natural fear response to strangers. D. People’s trust levels are mainly shaped by their childhood experiences. 5D Apple’s recent Vision Pro goggles may seem like a fun new piece of tech, but researchers are warning that using this product, especially over the long period, can cause a lot of problems. We already know how virtual (虚拟的) reality can influence us over the short period. For example, those who are trying to post videos of themselves doing activities like driving or skating with these headsets on are going to end up in real trouble, potentially (潜在地) harming themselves and others. The users can’t feel the right sizes and shapes of objects, especially when they move their head. The research team wore Vision Pro and Quest goggles for a few weeks while trying to carry out their everyday activities. For the safety of participants (参与者), a minder stayed nearby to make sure they did not walk into walls; Apple’s Vision Pro User Guide warns that it cannot tell all dangerous conditions, so users could be hurt when they put the goggles on. The participants reported they might have headaches. Moreover, they had problems finding the way around them, like bringing food right to their mouth while eating. Even if they were able to get used to the distance after a while, the harms were already done. These don’t go away once someone takes the goggles off as the body needs time to recover. As a result, someone who is working all day inside these goggles could go home with their system off, potentially causing an accident or harming themselves. The researchers also suggested that it can also influence social communications, because the users can’t reply in time or they may miss social signals from the conversations. This can lead to the impression of being non-human. Another problem is its potential harm on the eyes. The goggles use low-powered lasers (激光器) pointed at your eyes for near and far sensing. It is so dangerous that they warn users to stop using it if they experience changes to their vision, such as double vision or unclear vision. Besides these problems, there is another warning to consider: The Vision Pro collects lots of information about its environment. This includes everything from the user’s eye movements to the people and rooms around them, exposing (泄露) personal information about people and their environment, including their behaviors,locations and preferences. Private information could easily be shared by others if users are not careful. 1. Which phrase has the closest meaning to “recover”? A. show up B. calm down C. get better D. turn over 2. The following paragraph can best go after ________. According to the director of the Virtual Human Interaction Lab at Stanford, there are some strong reasons people should not be wearing these products for long periods. A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4 3. What can we infer from the passage about Apple’s Vision Pro goggles? A. Users make smooth conversations with others. B. Users can go upstairs safely with goggles on. C. Harms to the eyes are able to be cured. D. Users should control the using time for safety. 4. The main purpose of the passage is to show _________. A. the problems caused by goggles B. the working science of goggles C. the reasons for buying goggles D. the advice on wearing goggles 6D IMAGINE THIS: You pick up your phone for a video call with a friend. Not only can you see his face and hear his voice, but you can also smell the cookies he just made. It sounds crazy, right? But this could come true one day. When you talk to someone on your phone, you can hear the sound through the built-in speakers. Your phone also has a screen that displays images and videos. The screen uses tiny dots (小点) made up of three main colors: red, green and blue. By mixing these colors in different ways, your phone can show you everything from beautiful beach scenes to cute puppies. How about the sense of smell? Any smell that we can notice is a mixture of different smell molecules (分子). When these molecules float through the air and reach your nose, your nose sends signals (信号) to your brain. Then it’s your brain’s job to know what the smell is. So how could your phone send these smell molecules to you? Scientists are trying to find out a way called DST. Think about how your phone screen works. It doesn’t have every colour stored inside it. Instead, it uses just three colours to create different colours. Similarly, DST uses a small number of different boxes. Each of them has a scent (香味). Just like how tiny dots mix three colors to create different colors, these scent boxes could mix to create different smells. Each kind of smell has a special digital code (代码). When you receive one from others, your phone could mix tiny amounts of the different scents from the boxes to create the smell. This mixture would then be released through a small vent (排气孔) on the phone. With just a few boxes, your phone could create millions of different smells. One is designing a system that can produce thousands of different smells using only a few boxes. Another is about controlling how strong a smell should be. The boxes should also be easy to be filled again, and what’s inside them should be safe for us to take in. Even though we’re not there yet, it’s getting closer and closer. Maybe one day you’ll be able to not only see and hear your friend’s birthday party over the phone but also smell the candles they blew out! 1. The writer mentioned how the phone screen works in Paragraph 4 to ________. A. make the readers curious about DST B. give the readers an example of using DST C. prove the writer’s opinion on DST D. help the readers understand DST better 2. The following sentence can best be put at the beginning of ________. Creating a phone that can produce smells comes with challenges, though. A. Paragraph 4 B. Paragraph 5 B. C. Paragraph 6 D. Paragraph 7 3. What can we know from the passage? A. Red, green and yellow are main colours of tiny dots. B. The brain produces signals and lets us know the smell. C. We can mix different digital codes to create different smells. D. Boxes are necessary for producing different scents on the phone. 4. What does the writer think of developing DST? A. Dangerous and useless. B. Challenging but hopeful. C. Meaningful and necessary. D. Meaningful but dangerous. 7D Nowadays more and more Chinese travelers, especially young people, are going beyond traditional sightseeing. They are looking for deeper connections and more personal experiences during their trips. This change shows a new travel idea that values the quality of experiences over how many places they visit, and real experience over checklist-style tourism. According to a recent report by China Youth Daily in May, deep and interesting “slow travel” (55.3%) and traveling on their own (52.3%) have become the most popular types among young Chinese travelers. The same report also says that visiting less famous attractions (41.9%) has become another popular choice, showing that more people prefer real experiences over crowded (拥挤) tourist places. A good example comes from Quanzhou, Fujian, where college student Yan Ting purposely avoided popular tourist spots. She spent her days walking through the old town's small streets, watching locals make tea and talk with each other, and even joined older people to learn about nanyin—an old music tradition recognized by UNESCO as important cultural heritage. The idea of “slow travel” has also grown to include “volunteer tourism”, where travelers help with local community projects. In Qiandongnan, Guizhou, groups of young travelers worked together to help older villagers through different useful activities. They collected oral histories, recorded traditional needlework skills, and helped set up small online museums to save and show local cultural history. Thinking about her experience, Yan Ting shared: “I didn't want to just see famous places; I wanted to feel the real life here.” Her words explain the heart of this growing trend—a wish to go beyond surface-level tourism and build real connections with local communities and their way of living. These slow and meaningful experiences are truly changing for modern Chinese travelers. They show a basic change in travel values, where the quality of experience and depth of cultural understanding have become more important than just visiting many places. This way of traveling allows young people to return home with not just photos, but with lasting memories and real connections. 1. Why is nanyin mentioned in the passage? A. To prove it's the most popular attraction in Quanzhou. B. To explain why young people travel on their own. C. To encourage every tourist to learn this kind of music. D. To provide an example of deep cultural slow travel. 2. How does the writer develop the whole passage? A. By listing numbers to show the trend. B. By comparing advantages and disadvantages. C. By giving general ideas and supporting examples. D. By sharing all kinds of young people's travel stories. 3. The following sentence would be best placed at the beginning of ________. Unlike rushed tourists, many young travelers now prefer slow, cultural experiences. A. Paragraph 2 B. Paragraph 3 C. Paragraph 4 D. Paragraph 5 4. What can we learn about “volunteer tourism” from the text? A. It requires young people to be very strong. B. It is only about teaching in local schools. C. It helps travelers connect with local people and culture. D. It is the most popular travel style among young people. 8D A spoonful of pickles (泡菜) can sometimes make a meal taste better. Recently, a new type of pickle is being discussed: “digital pickles”. It means the videos people watch while eating. Many people think that the videos can make their food more appetizing (引起食欲的). The topic received more than 16 million clicks on a website and about 100,000 people took part in the discussion. Many young people in China are kept company by TV shows or short videos. Many believe that their food is more delicious with the “digital pickles”. Can this habit influence your diet? According to a research paper published (发表) in 2019, you may eat more without realization. The international research team asked 62 volunteers to follow different eating patterns for four days. The patterns included eating while looking at the mobile phone and eating without distraction (干扰). The team discovered that eating with distraction increased calorie ingestion (热量摄入) by about 15%. To explore the reason, the team also invited two groups of people: one group ate while listening to an audio clip (音乐片段) about another person eating; the other listened to a clip that helped them imagine themselves eating. At last, the second group ate less because they focused on their food more. This result works not only for eating meals but also for other tasks which need a lot of patience and skills as well. A research team invited 120 volunteers to do different tasks while providing them with drinks and snacks. When they focused on their tasks and their attention was distracted, they were less likely to tell how full they felt and ate more than they expected. 1. Why do people eat more with “digital pickles”? A. Because they are more focused on their meals. B. Because they are distracted by “digital pickles”. C. Because the food tastes better with “digital pickles”. D. Because the “digital pickles” make them feel hungrier. 2. What’s the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To explain how to tell you are full. B. To present how to avoid being distracted. C. To give another case that causes overeating. D. To describe the advantages of “digital pickles”. 3. What would be the best title for the passage? A Eating While Talking B. Focusing on Our Food C. Enjoying Dinner with a Show D. Having Food with Other People 4. What is the best structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. 9D Dunhuang was one of the most important stops along the ancient Silk Road. It is famous for the Mogao Grottoes which were listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO in 1987. Many people, including archaeologists (考古学家) and researchers, work hard to take care of the Mogao Grottoes and learn more about them. Fan Jinshi is one of them. People call her the “Daughter of Dunhuang”. Fan Jinshi was born in Beijing in 1938. Her father was a graduate of Tsinghua University and had a strong interest in Chinese classical art and culture. So Fan had great love for Chinese culture when she was young. She studied in the archaeology department in Peking University from 1958 to 1963. Then she started working at Dunhuang Academy and has worked there ever since. Fan spends her lifetime not only saving the invaluable treasures in Dunhuang but also introducing them to the world. Furthermore, after a 30-year period of hard work. Fan and her team have made a digital preservation system (数字保护系统). “Digital Dunhuang” including digital photo shooting, color correction, photo gallery and more. This may be one of the only effective, methods to preserve the Mogao Grottoes. Until recently, the resource of “Digital Dunhuang” has enjoyed more than seven million visits from around the world on the Internet. In 2018, Fan earned the title of “Reform Pioneer over the 70-year history of New China” for her contributions to cultural preservation. On May 4, 2023, Fan Jinshi returned to Peking University and brought back 10 million RMB donations to set up the Fan Jinshi Education Fund (基金会) to support the research of Dunhuang Studies. “Money should be spent in the right way. People cannot only think of themselves,” she said. “Hopefully, the setting of the Fund can help Dunhuang Studies at university, so it can raise cultural confidence and strength.” 1. In what section of a newspaper may we read the article? A. Travel. B. Sports. C. Culture. D. Health. 2. What can be inferred (推断) from the passage? A. Fan’s interest in archaeology came from her mother. B. Digital Dunhuang is very popular on the Internet. C. Fan set up a foundation to support Dunhuang Studies. D. Fan devotes her lifetime to environmental protection. 3. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4? A. What Fan did for preserving Dunhuang culture. B. When a digital preservation system was made. C. Why Fan took up archaeology as her career. D. How Fan Jinshi Education Fund was set up. 4. Which is the correct order of the following events? a. Fan started working at Dunhuang Academy. b. Fan was honored with the title “Reform pioneer”. c. Fan donated a large amount of money to Peking University. d. The Mogao Grottoes were listed as a world cultural heritage. A. a-d-c-b B. a-d-b-c C. d-a-b-c D. b-c-a-d 10D Nowadays, more and more Chinese travelers, especially young people, are going beyond traditional sightseeing. They are looking for deeper connections and more personal experiences during their trips. This change shows a new travel idea that values the quality of experiences over how many places they visit, and real experience over checklist-style tourism. According to a recent report by China Youth Daily in May, deep and interesting “slow travel” (55.3%) and traveling on their own (52.3%) have become the most popular types among young Chinese travelers. The same report also says that visiting less famous attractions (41.9%) has become another popular choice, showing that more people prefer real experiences over crowded (拥挤的) tourist places. A good example comes from Quanzhou, Fujian, where college student Yan Ting purposely avoided popular tourist spots. She spent her days walking through the old town's small streets, watching locals make tea and talk with each other, and even joined older people to learn about nanyin—an old music tradition recognized by UNESCO as important cultural heritage. The idea of “slow travel” has also grown to include “volunteer tourism”, where travelers help with local community projects. In Qiandongnan, Guizhou, groups of young travelers worked together to help older villagers through different useful activities. They collected oral histories, recorded traditional needlework skills, and helped set up small online museums to save and show local cultural history. Thinking about her experience, Yan Ting shared: “I didn't want to just see famous places; I wanted to feel the real life here.” Her words explain the heart of this growing trend—a wish to go beyond surface-level tourism and build real connections with local communities and their way of living. These slow and meaningful experiences are truly changing for modern Chinese travelers. They show a basic change in travel values, where the quality of experience and depth of cultural understanding have become more important than just visiting many places. This way of traveling allows young people to return home with not just photos, but with lasting memories and real connections. 1. Why is nanyin mentioned in the passage? A. To prove it's the most popular attraction in Quanzhou. B. To explain why young people travel on their own. C. To encourage every tourist to learn this kind of music. D. To provide an example of deep cultural slow travel. 2. How does the writer develop the whole passage? A. By listing numbers to show the trend. B. By comparing advantages and disadvantages. C. By giving general ideas and supporting examples. D. By sharing all kinds of young people's travel stories. 3. The following sentence would be best placed at the beginning of ________. Unlike rushed tourists, many young travelers now prefer slow, cultural experiences. A. Paragraph 2 B. Paragraph 3 C. Paragraph 4 D. Paragraph 5 4. What can we learn about “volunteer tourism” from the text? A. It requires young people to be very strong. B. It is only about teaching in local schools. C. It helps travelers connect with local people and culture. D. It is the most popular travel style among young people. 11D Most environmental pollution comes from humans and their inventions. The electric bulbs are thought to be one of the greatest human inventions of all time. However, too much of a good thing has started to influence the environment. Light pollution is influencing human health and wildlife behavior. There is a world-wide movement to reduce light pollution, and everyone can help. Light pollution problem became especially serious when the World Map of Night Sky Brightness was published in 2016. Large areas of North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia are glowing with light, while only Siberia, the Sahara, and the Amazon are in total darkness. Artificial (人造的) light can wreak havoc on natural body rhythms in both humans and animals. It interrupts sleep and confuses the circadian rhythm (生理节奏). An increased amount of light at night lowers melatonin (褪黑素) production, which results in less sleep, headaches, stress and other health problems. Blue light, in particular, has been shown to reduce levels of melatonin in humans. It is found in cell phones and other computer devices, as well as in LEDs, the kinds of bulbs that have become popular at home and in industrial and city lighting due to their low cost and energy efficiency. Studies show that light pollution is also influencing animal behaviors, such as migration (迁徙) patterns and habitat formation. Because of light pollution, sea turtles guided by moonlight during migration lose their way, and often die. Even animals living under the deep sea may be influenced by underwater artificial lighting. Studies show that the artificial light is changing ocean ecosystems. The good news is that light pollution is reversible (可逆的) and each one of us can make a difference! Now, many people are taking action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky. People are required to use outdoor lighting only when and where it is needed and to close window blinds, shades, and curtains at night to keep light inside. 1. What does the underlined phrase “wreak havoc on” in Para. 3 probably mean? A. Improve greatly. B. Keep well. C. Manage strictly. D. Damage seriously. 2. According to the passage, which would the author agree with? A. Light pollution was first studied as a problem in 2016. B. Deep-sea environment can help animals avoid light pollution. C. Artificial light influences the sense of direction of animals. D. LEDs can be used more because of low cost and energy efficiency. 3. What is the author’s attitude towards the control of light pollution? A. Uncertain B. Doubtful. C. Worried. D. Hopeful. 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To call on people to reduce light pollution. B. To discuss good and bad points of artificial light. C. To give advice to protect the environment. D. To show future development of artificial light. 12D Ella was born in the Netherlands to a Dutch father and an Irish mother. She spent the first few years of her life in the Netherlands, speaking only Dutch. After her parents separated, her father moved to Spain, and her mother took Ella to Ireland. Today, Ella can speak English and Spanish——but not Dutch. “It’s strange that I can’t speak in my mother tongue,” she tells us. It might seem strange, but there is no doubt that it is possible for people to get worse at speaking their native language—and sometimes lose it completely. This phenomenon (现象) is known as “language attrition,” and it’s often observed in migrants who spend many years away from their home country. ①It might be easier to understand this in children, like Ella—research has found that children are quick to pick up new languages, but their language skills are also more vulnerable (脆弱的) to change. However, language attrition is also found in adults. “The minute you start learning another language, the two systems start to compete with each other,” Monika Schmid, a linguist at the University of Essex, said. While there have been cases of adults losing their native language completely, more often fluency (流利) in the native languages simply decreases, and the speaker becomes more prone (易于……的) to mixing languages. ②The degree to which fluency decreases depends on different things, Schmid said. If a person has a born talent for languages, they’re less likely to lose fluency, for example. ③Interestingly, migrants who spend time with others who speak both of their languages could be more prone to losing fluency in their native language—because they put less effort into keeping those languages separate in their minds, since both are understood. ④Things like negative memories of their home country might even encourage someone to lose their connection to the language they used there. But Laura Dominguez from the University of Southampton said that language attrition isn’t a bad thing—it’s a natural process, since people make changes to their language that are consistent (相符的) with their new realities. 1. Why does the writer mention Ella? A. To compare Ella’s language ability with other migrants. B. To show that only children can lose their native language. C. To explain why people should learn a new language quickly. D. To introduce the phenomenon of language attrition with a real example. 2. What does the underlined phrase “language attrition” in paragraph 3 mean? A. language improvement B. language weakening C. language learning D. language teaching 3. The following sentence can be best placed at ________. Even those who often use their native language may experience a small drop in their ability to express difficult ideas. A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ 4. Which is the best title for the passage? A. Ella’s Strange Experience of Losing Her Mother Tongue B. How to Avoid Losing Fluency in Your Native Language C. Language Attrition: Why People Lose Their Native Language D. The Difference Between Children and Adults in Language Attrition 13D We’re used to seeing cats in people’s homes. You or a friend may have one or several. They might sleep on your bed, perch to gaze out a window, or ask you to play. Some people believe we never truly “own” cats, saying they just live with humans for food and comfort. As the saying goes, “A dog is a man’s best friend. A cat is a cat’s best friend.” Yet, cat owners argue that cats are misunderstood. They can be very loving, forming a close bond, following people around, and greeting them at the door. They show their love by purring, kneading, rubbing heads, and making eye contact. With so many people loving cats today, how did these wild creatures become popular pets? Cats have a long history with humans. Studies show they were first domesticated (家养的) in ancient China and Egypt. Evidence from Cyprus, where a cat was buried beside a human over 9,000 years ago, suggests a close relationship even then. Scientists believe all modern cats are descended from the African-Asian wildcat. The domestication process possibly began when humans started farming. Cat bones found in ancient Chinese pits show these cats ate grain that humans grew. People probably encouraged cats to stay and control pests as a protector. In return, cats grew used to human company (陪伴). Over time, people raised the friendlier cats, which gradually led to the pets we know today. Cats were valued as skilled hunters and were even officially employed by the U.S. Postal Service in the 19th century to control mice in post offices. By the century’s end, people began keeping cats mainly for companionship. Their popularity soared, and by the 1990s, cats had become more popular than dogs as pets in the U.S. Today, it’s estimated there are about 600 million domestic cats worldwide. Whether humans domesticated cats or cats chose to live with us remains a fun debate. One thing is certain: these furry companions are here to stay. And when you see your cat watching birds from the window, remember the wild hunter that still lives within. 1. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain why cats are better pets than dogs. B. To describe the history of how cats became pets. C. To encourage more people to keep cats as pets. D. To show how cats help humans catch mice. 2. The word “bond” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ________. A. a strong rope B. a close connection C. a food resource D. a hunting skill 3. How is the passage mainly organized? A. By showing different scientific opinions about cats. B. By stating a problem and then explaining how it is solved. C. By describing events in the order in which they happened. D. By listing reasons why cats make the best household pets. 4. What can we learn from the passage? A. The connection between cats and people has been helpful to both. B. People first kept cats mainly because they wanted animal friends. C. Cats’ main job has always been the same all through history. D. Cats became more popular than dogs because they protected food. 14D Chen Ning Yang—A Giant of Modern Physics    Chen Ning Yang, one of the most influential physicists of the twentieth century, passed away in Beijing on October 18, 2025, at the age of 103. His ideas transformed our understanding of nature and shaped the very foundations of modern physics. Born in 1922 in Hefei, Anhui Province, Yang showed exceptional talent in mathematics and science from an early age. He studied at Southwest Associated University during wartime China and later completed his PhD at the University of Chicago in 1948, under the supervision of the famous physicist Enrico Fermi. In 1956, Yang and his colleague Tsung-Dao Lee proposed a revolutionary idea—that the law of parity conservation might not hold in weak nuclear interactions. At the time, most scientists believed nature treated “left” and “right” equally. The following year, experimental physicist  Chien-Shiung Wu confirmed the effect, proving that the universe does, in fact, distinguish between left and right. For this discovery, Yang and Lee shared the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics, becoming the first Chinese scientists ever to receive this honor. The finding of parity violation was more than a scientific breakthrough—it opened a new window into the structure of matter and laid the groundwork for later developments in particle physics. Yang’s influence extended far beyond one discovery. In 1954, together with Robert Mills, he introduced what is now known as the Yang-Mills theory, a mathematical framework that describes the fundamental forces of nature. This theory later became a cornerstone of the Standard Model, the central theory explaining how subatomic particles interact. After decades in the United States, Yang returned to China in the 1990s and became a professor at Tsinghua University. He encouraged international cooperation and devoted himself to scientific education in China. Many students remember his humility, his sharp mind, and his belief that true science requires both curiosity and courage. Chen Ning Yang’s life tells a story of brilliance, integrity, and dedication. From a young scholar in wartime China to a Nobel laureate whose ideas changed physics forever, his journey reminds us that great discoveries are born from questioning the impossible. 1. What made Chen Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee’s idea revolutionary? A. It proved that gravity affects all objects equally B. It suggested that nature treats “left” and “right” differently. C. It showed that time could go backward D. It explained how all the forces in nature are connected. 2. What was confirmed by Chien-Shiung Wu’s experiment?   A. The law of parity conservation was always “correct”. B. The universe shows no difference between left and right. C. The parity violation predicted by Yang and Lee was real. D. Atoms behave exactly the same under all conditions. 3. Which of the following best describes the Yang-Mills theory? A. A method for predicting earthquakes. B. A mathematical model describing fundamental forces. C. A law explaining chemical reactions. D. A theory about astronomy and stars. 4. What is the main message of the article? A. Great discoveries come from questioning accepted ideas. B. Science success depends mostly on luck. C. Fame is more important than curiosity. D. Teamwork matters more than courage. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 1D In the story Snow White, the jealous queen decides to kill Snow White once and for all with an apple dipped in deadly poison (毒). Thanks to seven helpful dwarfs and a handsome prince, Snow White recovery one lives happily ever after. But the queen didn’t need to go to all that trouble. In fact, apples-along with many common fruits we eat-are already poisonous! But don’t worry. The yummy fleshy part won’t harm you. It’s only the seeds you need to avoid. Apple trees belong to a plant family called Prunus. This group also includes peaches, plums and cherries. The seeds of all these fruits carry a chemical called amygdalin. Inside an animal’s stomach, amygdalin turns into a strong poison called cyanide (氰化物). And cyanide can make people and animals very sick, or even kill them. Still, don’t worry if you get down a few apple seeds by chance. Each seed has only a very tiny amount (数量) of poison. You’d have to eat a large bowlful of seeds to feel any influence. And you’ d need to chew (咀嚼) them well-the hard, shiny coating of apple seeds keeps the poison locked inside. Unchewed seeds usually pass right through and come out whole in your poop. But cows and other animals often chew up seeds along with the fruit, so they can get sick from eating apples and plums that fall to the ground. Why would a tree make poisoned seeds? ________! Amygdalin tastes terrible. It’s also found in leaves and other parts of fruit trees. If a deer or cow eats apple leaves, it experiences a nasty taste and an upset stomach so animals soon learn to leave those trees alone. Thanks, amygdalin! Want proof? If you bite into an apple seed, you’ll notice an awful taste. That’s the amygdalin. The apple tree doesn’t want you to chew up its seeds. It wants you to spit them out, so they can grow into new trees. Go right ahead! Mirror mirror, on the wall, who’s the cleverest fruit of all? 1. What happens when amygdalin is inside an animal’s stomach? A. It produces a strong poison. B. It turns into awful apple juice. C. It harms the fleshy part of apples. D. It saves the animal from illness and death. 2. The writer suggests it’s safe to accidentally get down a few apple seeds because ________. ①the amount of poison in each seed is very small ②the poison in the seeds is harmless to human beings ③the influence of the poison is weak if you eat only a few seeds ④the hard coating of the seeds can keep the poison locked inside A ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④ 3. Which of the following would be most suitable for ________? A. To ensure the seeds grow faster B. To produce a sweet taste in the fruit C. To make the seeds more attractive to eat D. To prevent animals from eating the seeds 4. In writing this article, the writer wants to ________. A. introduce readers the cleverest fruit of all B. advise readers not to eat too many apples C. encourage readers to reread of Snow White D. tell readers of the poisonous nature of apple seeds 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. D 2D The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet (字母表), it uses characters (汉字) which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. Chinese words are formed by putting together different characters. In many cases, a single character can also make up a word. As one kind of the most ancient characters, Chinese characters have played an important part in the development of Chinese culture. At first, ancient Sumerian and ancient Egyptian symbols existed (存在), but only Chinese characters are still in use today. The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed. Chinese writing began thousands of years ago. According to an ancient story, a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese writing. One winter day while he was hunting, he saw the footprints of animals in the snow and noticed that the appearance of each one was different. Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects. The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects. Some characters have been simplified (简化) and others have been made more difficult over time. However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops together. This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used nowadays. Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by putting two or more characters together. For example, “rest” was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character “prisoner” was formed with a “man” inside a square. Other characters were developed for directions and numbers. It is easy to distinguish (区别) their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for “up” and “down”, which are opposites of each other. Though these kinds of characters show meanings, one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced. Therefore, a way was developed to have one part of a character represent the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation. Many Chinese characters used today were made this way. In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters in the hope to make learning to read and write more understandable to a large number of people, which would increase literacy (读写能力) across the country. And now they have widespread use in China’s mainland. 1. How did the writer introduce the Chinese characters? A. By giving examples. B. By providing causes. C. By expressing opinions. D. By comparing (比较) facts. 2. The sentence “Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.” would best be placed at the beginning of _________. A. Paragraph 5 B. Paragraph 4 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 2 3. What can we learn from the passage? A. Chinese characters have turned into standard forms, which are easier than before. B. Chinese characters we use today have been accepted by large numbers of people. C. Chinese words and English words are both formed by putting alphabets and characters together. D. Chinese characters existed at the very beginning and are still in use today like other ancient symbols. 4. What might be the best title for the passage? A. How to form Chinese characters. B. The history of the Chinese language. C. The development of Chinese characters. D. The difference between Chinese and Western language. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 3D （8分）It may sound strange，but many people play noise to help themselves sleep better.Actually，this kind of noise is called coloured noise，such as white noise，pink noise，and brown noise. Coloured noise contains a wide range of frequencies.However，it shows stronger intensity at certain frequencies.For example，violet noise has stronger intensity at higher frequencies.Brown noise produces deeper sounds such as heavy rainfall，because it shows stronger intensity at lower frequencies.White noise has equal intensity across all frequencies.Typical examples of white noise are the noise made by fans，and natural sounds like gently running water.Pink noise is similar to white noise but has stronger intensity at lower frequencies. There have been several experiments on the effect that noise has on people.In a 2021 study，10 people in New York City affected by loud environmental noise showed improved sleep quality and sleep duration when white noise was played.Another sleep study showed that 16 adults actually improved their memory of vocabulary after listening to pink noise in their sleep，though the effect of pink noise on sleep quality wasn't measured.Some people suggest that brown noise is the best noise for their sleep.However，no studies have proven it. So why do some people claim to sleep better with certain coloured noise？There are some theories that can explain it.One is about sound masking，and it shows that white noise masks other sounds of noise，resulting in better sleep.Another theory is that this sleep﹣aid effect could be an example of classical conditioning.For example，people who sleep better with brown noise may have conditioned themselves over time to fall asleep when they hear it. Every coloured noise has its benefits.It is your personal choice to decide which coloured noise is the best for you to get a good sleep! （1）According to the passage，coloured noise 　 　. A．shows similar intensity B．is mainly created by people C．has different frequencies D．is harmful to people's health （2）Which of the following is right for the frequencies of coloured noise？ 　 　 A． B． C． D． （3）What can we learn from the passage？ 　 　 A．White noise is helpful for people to improve memory. B．The effect of pink noise on sleep quality has been proved. C．People may sleep better with brown noise if they get used to it. D．People can't decide which coloured noise to play for their sleep. （4）What's the best title for the passage？ 　 　 A．Coloured Noise：A Good Helper for Your Sleep B．Coloured Noise：A Creative Idea to Study Sounds C．Coloured Noise：A New Way to Improve Memory D．Coloured Noise：A Smart Choice for Your Health 【分析】本文主要介绍了彩色噪声和彩色噪声对人们睡眠的好处。 【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Coloured noise contains a wide range of frequencies.（有色噪声包含广泛的频率范围。）可知，彩色噪声有不同的频率。故选C。 （2）推理判断题。根据第二段Coloured noise contains a wide range of frequencies.However，it shows stronger intensity at certain frequencies.For example，violet noise has stronger intensity at higher frequencies.Brown noise produces deeper sounds such as heavy rainfall，because it shows stronger intensity at lower frequencies.（彩色噪声的频率范围很广。然而，在某些频率下，它显示出更强的强度。例如，紫色噪声在较高频率下具有更强的强度；棕色噪声产生较深的声音，如暴雨，因为它在较低频率下显示出更强强度。）可知，彩色噪声包含广泛的频率范围，它在某些频率下表现出更强的强度。选项A符合题意。故选A。 （3）细节理解题。根据第四段people who sleep better with brown noise may have conditioned themselves over time to fall asleep when they hear it.（那些在棕色噪音中睡得更好的人可能会随着时间的推移而习惯于在听到噪音时入睡。）可知，如果人们习惯了棕色噪音，他们可能会睡得更好。故选C。 （4）标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了彩色噪声和彩色噪声对人们睡眠的好处。结合最后一段Every coloured noise has its benefits.It is your personal choice to decide which coloured noise is the best for you to get a good sleep!（每种彩色噪音都有其好处。决定哪种彩色噪音最适合你睡个好觉是你个人的选择！）可知，本文最佳标题是《彩色噪音：睡眠的好帮手》。故选A。 【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。 4D If a stranger (陌生人) knocked on your door asking to use your phone, would you help? How about lending them five dollars for the bus, if they said they’d return and pay you back? Nowadays, many people find it hard to trust strangers. A recent study found that our ability to trust strangers may be more than just a social or psychological characteristic—it could come from our DNA. This is important, in fact, as it turns out that trusting people might live longer and healthier lives compared to those who like to doubt others. ①________ ②________ Two main theories have appeared to explain why some people are more trusting than others. One suggests trust is a stable characteristic shaped by early life experiences. The other thinks it’s influenced by what a person always thinks about the world around them. We can easily guess the answer to the question “Would you say that most people can be trusted?” would depend on whether you’d been robbed the day before or if you’d had your missing wallet returned. ③________ This is where the recent research comes in. Edgerton, a researcher from Lund University, and his teammates have been doing research about trust. In their most recent study, with 33,882 Danish blood donors, they found a single gene (基因)—PLPP4, which has a strong connection to the personality of trusting others, and that the PLPP4 gene explained 6% of the difference in social trust among the people in the study. If you take two people who have similar education and life experiences, this gene alone could account for 6% of the difference in how much they trust others. ④________ They believe that the PLPP4 gene may soften our “fight-or-flight” survival response (反应). If our fight-or-flight system is less strong when we meet new people, it makes sense that trusting others could greatly improve our health. Indeed, if trusting others acts as something against stress, it may lower the risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. As people continue to uncover the mysteries of trust, one thing is clear: understanding its genetic roots may hold the key to developing healthier communities in the world. 1. Why does the writer begin the passage with questions? A. To test the readers’ sense of safety. B. To show how dangerous it is to trust strangers. C. To challenge readers to make a difficult choice. D. To introduce the topic by connecting to readers’ own lives. 2. According to paragraph 3, what might make you trust people less today? A. If you had a happy childhood. B. If you once faced difficulties at work. C. If you were not educated well at a young age. D. If you were treated in a dishonest way by others. 3. The following sentence can be put at ________. What makes some people more trusting? A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ 4. What can we know from the passage? A. We should trust strangers more so that we can live longer. B. Trust may come from our body and is good for our health. C. The PLPP4 gene may lead to our natural fear response to strangers. D. People’s trust levels are mainly shaped by their childhood experiences. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要探讨了人类信任感的来源。文章从“是否愿意帮助陌生人”这一生活场景切入，引出信任感可能源于DNA（特别是PLPP4基因）的研究发现，并阐述了信任他人对身心健康的积极影响及其背后的生理机制。 【1题详解】 文章第1段“If a stranger (陌生人) knocked on your door asking to use your phone, would you help?”，作者通过假设一个读者在生活中可能遇到的真实情境来开篇。这种方式能让读者产生代入感，从而自然地引出关于“信任陌生人”这一核心话题的讨论。 【2题详解】 文章第3段“We can easily guess the answer to the question ‘Would you say that most people can be trusted?’ would depend on whether you’d been robbed the day before or if you’d had your missing wallet returned.”表明如果不被他人诚实对待，会降低对他人的信任。 【3题详解】 文章第3段“Two main theories have appeared to explain why some people are more trusting than others...”主要介绍了关于信任的两个理论，句子“What makes some people more trusting?”放在②处，引出下文两种理论，逻辑衔接通顺。 【4题详解】 文章第2段“our ability to trust strangers may be more than just a social or psychological characteristic—it could come from our DNA...trusting people might live longer and healthier lives” 表明信任陌生人的能力源于DNA，信任他人的人寿命更长、身体更健康。 5D Apple’s recent Vision Pro goggles may seem like a fun new piece of tech, but researchers are warning that using this product, especially over the long period, can cause a lot of problems. We already know how virtual (虚拟的) reality can influence us over the short period. For example, those who are trying to post videos of themselves doing activities like driving or skating with these headsets on are going to end up in real trouble, potentially (潜在地) harming themselves and others. The users can’t feel the right sizes and shapes of objects, especially when they move their head. The research team wore Vision Pro and Quest goggles for a few weeks while trying to carry out their everyday activities. For the safety of participants (参与者), a minder stayed nearby to make sure they did not walk into walls; Apple’s Vision Pro User Guide warns that it cannot tell all dangerous conditions, so users could be hurt when they put the goggles on. The participants reported they might have headaches. Moreover, they had problems finding the way around them, like bringing food right to their mouth while eating. Even if they were able to get used to the distance after a while, the harms were already done. These don’t go away once someone takes the goggles off as the body needs time to recover. As a result, someone who is working all day inside these goggles could go home with their system off, potentially causing an accident or harming themselves. The researchers also suggested that it can also influence social communications, because the users can’t reply in time or they may miss social signals from the conversations. This can lead to the impression of being non-human. Another problem is its potential harm on the eyes. The goggles use low-powered lasers (激光器) pointed at your eyes for near and far sensing. It is so dangerous that they warn users to stop using it if they experience changes to their vision, such as double vision or unclear vision. Besides these problems, there is another warning to consider: The Vision Pro collects lots of information about its environment. This includes everything from the user’s eye movements to the people and rooms around them, exposing (泄露) personal information about people and their environment, including their behaviors,locations and preferences. Private information could easily be shared by others if users are not careful. 1. Which phrase has the closest meaning to “recover”? A. show up B. calm down C. get better D. turn over 2. The following paragraph can best go after ________. According to the director of the Virtual Human Interaction Lab at Stanford, there are some strong reasons people should not be wearing these products for long periods. A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4 3. What can we infer from the passage about Apple’s Vision Pro goggles? A. Users make smooth conversations with others. B. Users can go upstairs safely with goggles on. C. Harms to the eyes are able to be cured. D. Users should control the using time for safety. 4. The main purpose of the passage is to show _________. A. the problems caused by goggles B. the working science of goggles C. the reasons for buying goggles D. the advice on wearing goggles 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Apple Vision Pro这类VR头显长时间使用带来的身体伤害、社交障碍、眼部损伤及隐私泄露等问题。 【1题详解】 第四段提到“the body needs time to recover”，表示身体需要时间恢复，与get better（好转、恢复）意思最接近；show up出现，calm down冷静，turn over翻转，均不符合。 【2题详解】 该句是对前文的概括或引出下文对“长时间佩戴的危害”的强调。原文第3、4、5段都在具体描述危害，但第1段已提出长期使用会有问题，第2段在讲短期已知风险，因此把该句放在第1段之后，作为总起后续危害的过渡最合适。 【3题详解】 全文多次强调长时间使用带来伤害，可推断出用户为安全应控制使用时间，D项正确；其余选项均与原文内容相反。 【4题详解】 文章从头到尾围绕Vision Pro带来的安全、健康、社交、隐私等问题展开，主要目的是说明眼镜带来的问题。 6D IMAGINE THIS: You pick up your phone for a video call with a friend. Not only can you see his face and hear his voice, but you can also smell the cookies he just made. It sounds crazy, right? But this could come true one day. When you talk to someone on your phone, you can hear the sound through the built-in speakers. Your phone also has a screen that displays images and videos. The screen uses tiny dots (小点) made up of three main colors: red, green and blue. By mixing these colors in different ways, your phone can show you everything from beautiful beach scenes to cute puppies. How about the sense of smell? Any smell that we can notice is a mixture of different smell molecules (分子). When these molecules float through the air and reach your nose, your nose sends signals (信号) to your brain. Then it’s your brain’s job to know what the smell is. So how could your phone send these smell molecules to you? Scientists are trying to find out a way called DST. Think about how your phone screen works. It doesn’t have every colour stored inside it. Instead, it uses just three colours to create different colours. Similarly, DST uses a small number of different boxes. Each of them has a scent (香味). Just like how tiny dots mix three colors to create different colors, these scent boxes could mix to create different smells. Each kind of smell has a special digital code (代码). When you receive one from others, your phone could mix tiny amounts of the different scents from the boxes to create the smell. This mixture would then be released through a small vent (排气孔) on the phone. With just a few boxes, your phone could create millions of different smells. One is designing a system that can produce thousands of different smells using only a few boxes. Another is about controlling how strong a smell should be. The boxes should also be easy to be filled again, and what’s inside them should be safe for us to take in. Even though we’re not there yet, it’s getting closer and closer. Maybe one day you’ll be able to not only see and hear your friend’s birthday party over the phone but also smell the candles they blew out! 1. The writer mentioned how the phone screen works in Paragraph 4 to ________. A. make the readers curious about DST B. give the readers an example of using DST C. prove the writer’s opinion on DST D. help the readers understand DST better 2. The following sentence can best be put at the beginning of ________. Creating a phone that can produce smells comes with challenges, though. A. Paragraph 4 B. Paragraph 5 C. Paragraph 6 D. Paragraph 7 3. What can we know from the passage? A. Red, green and yellow are main colours of tiny dots. B. The brain produces signals and lets us know the smell. C. We can mix different digital codes to create different smells. D. Boxes are necessary for producing different scents on the phone. 4. What does the writer think of developing DST? A. Dangerous and useless. B. Challenging but hopeful. C. Meaningful and necessary. D. Meaningful but dangerous. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了未来手机可能具备传递气味的功能，并解释了其工作原理和面临的挑战。 【1题详解】 第四段中作者用读者熟悉的手机屏幕混色原理，类比说明DST技术“用少量香味盒混合出不同气味”的方式，目的是帮助读者更好地理解DST的工作原理。 【2题详解】 “Creating a phone that can produce smells comes with challenges, though.”意为“然而，制造一部能产生气味的手机也伴随着挑战”，其中关键词“challenges”提示下文应列举具体的挑战。第六段具体列举了研发过程中需要解决的多个问题，属于挑战内容，该句放在第六段开头可以自然引出下文。 【3题详解】 第四段明确指出“DST uses a small number of different boxes. Each of them has a scent... these scent boxes could mix to create different smells.”，说明DST技术依靠储存不同基础香味的盒子混合出多种气味，因此盒子是生成气味的必需品。 【4题详解】 最后一段提到“Even though we’re not there yet, it’s getting closer and closer.”，表明尽管还未实现，但该技术离我们越来越近，说明作者认为DST虽有挑战但充满实现的希望。 7D Nowadays more and more Chinese travelers, especially young people, are going beyond traditional sightseeing. They are looking for deeper connections and more personal experiences during their trips. This change shows a new travel idea that values the quality of experiences over how many places they visit, and real experience over checklist-style tourism. According to a recent report by China Youth Daily in May, deep and interesting “slow travel” (55.3%) and traveling on their own (52.3%) have become the most popular types among young Chinese travelers. The same report also says that visiting less famous attractions (41.9%) has become another popular choice, showing that more people prefer real experiences over crowded (拥挤) tourist places. A good example comes from Quanzhou, Fujian, where college student Yan Ting purposely avoided popular tourist spots. She spent her days walking through the old town's small streets, watching locals make tea and talk with each other, and even joined older people to learn about nanyin—an old music tradition recognized by UNESCO as important cultural heritage. The idea of “slow travel” has also grown to include “volunteer tourism”, where travelers help with local community projects. In Qiandongnan, Guizhou, groups of young travelers worked together to help older villagers through different useful activities. They collected oral histories, recorded traditional needlework skills, and helped set up small online museums to save and show local cultural history. Thinking about her experience, Yan Ting shared: “I didn't want to just see famous places; I wanted to feel the real life here.” Her words explain the heart of this growing trend—a wish to go beyond surface-level tourism and build real connections with local communities and their way of living. These slow and meaningful experiences are truly changing for modern Chinese travelers. They show a basic change in travel values, where the quality of experience and depth of cultural understanding have become more important than just visiting many places. This way of traveling allows young people to return home with not just photos, but with lasting memories and real connections. 1. Why is nanyin mentioned in the passage? A. To prove it's the most popular attraction in Quanzhou. B. To explain why young people travel on their own. C. To encourage every tourist to learn this kind of music. D. To provide an example of deep cultural slow travel. 2. How does the writer develop the whole passage? A. By listing numbers to show the trend. B. By comparing advantages and disadvantages. C. By giving general ideas and supporting examples. D. By sharing all kinds of young people's travel stories. 3. The following sentence would be best placed at the beginning of ________. Unlike rushed tourists, many young travelers now prefer slow, cultural experiences. A. Paragraph 2 B. Paragraph 3 C. Paragraph 4 D. Paragraph 5 4. What can we learn about “volunteer tourism” from the text? A. It requires young people to be very strong. B. It is only about teaching in local schools. C. It helps travelers connect with local people and culture. D. It is the most popular travel style among young people. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了中国年轻旅行者的旅行理念发生转变，不再局限于传统观光，而是更青睐“慢旅行”“自助游”和探访小众景点，追求深度文化体验与当地真实联结。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据“A good example comes from Quanzhou, Fujian, where college student Yan Ting purposely avoided popular tourist spots. She spent her days walking through the old town's small streets, watching locals make tea and talk with each other, and even joined older people to learn about nanyin—an old music tradition recognized by UNESCO as important cultural heritage.”可知，闫婷在泉州避开热门景点，学习被列为非物质文化遗产的南音，这一案例是为了佐证“慢旅行”中深度文化体验的特点。故选D。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。文章开篇先提出“年轻旅行者追求深度体验”的核心观点，随后用中国青年报的调查数据支撑趋势，再通过泉州、黔东南的具体案例展开说明，最后总结这种旅行理念的意义，整体采用“总述观点+举例支撑”的行文逻辑。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。题干句子“Unlike rushed tourists, many young travelers now prefer slow, cultural experiences.”，核心是引出“慢旅行”中的文化体验。第三段以严婷在泉州体验当地生活、学习南音为例，正是对“缓慢、注重文化的体验”的具体阐释，因此该句放在第三段开头最契合。故选B。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“volunteer tourism, where travelers help with local community projects”及后文提到的收集口述历史、记录传统技艺等活动，可知“志愿旅游”让旅行者参与当地社区项目，进而与当地人和文化建立联结。故选C。 8D A spoonful of pickles (泡菜) can sometimes make a meal taste better. Recently, a new type of pickle is being discussed: “digital pickles”. It means the videos people watch while eating. Many people think that the videos can make their food more appetizing (引起食欲的). The topic received more than 16 million clicks on a website and about 100,000 people took part in the discussion. Many young people in China are kept company by TV shows or short videos. Many believe that their food is more delicious with the “digital pickles”. Can this habit influence your diet? According to a research paper published (发表) in 2019, you may eat more without realization. The international research team asked 62 volunteers to follow different eating patterns for four days. The patterns included eating while looking at the mobile phone and eating without distraction (干扰). The team discovered that eating with distraction increased calorie ingestion (热量摄入) by about 15%. To explore the reason, the team also invited two groups of people: one group ate while listening to an audio clip (音乐片段) about another person eating; the other listened to a clip that helped them imagine themselves eating. At last, the second group ate less because they focused on their food more. This result works not only for eating meals but also for other tasks which need a lot of patience and skills as well. A research team invited 120 volunteers to do different tasks while providing them with drinks and snacks. When they focused on their tasks and their attention was distracted, they were less likely to tell how full they felt and ate more than they expected. 1. Why do people eat more with “digital pickles”? A. Because they are more focused on their meals. B. Because they are distracted by “digital pickles”. C. Because the food tastes better with “digital pickles”. D. Because the “digital pickles” make them feel hungrier. 2. What’s the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To explain how to tell you are full. B. To present how to avoid being distracted. C. To give another case that causes overeating. D. To describe the advantages of “digital pickles”. 3. What would be the best title for the passage? A Eating While Talking B. Focusing on Our Food C. Enjoying Dinner with a Show D. Having Food with Other People 4. What is the best structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了“数字泡菜”（即吃饭时观看的视频）对人们饮食的影响，研究发现这种习惯会分散人们的注意力，导致人们不自觉地摄入更多热量。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“According to a research paper published (发表) in 2019, you may eat more without realization.”以及第四段“To explore the reason, the team also invited two groups of people: one group ate while listening to an audio clip (音乐片段) about another person eating; the other listened to a clip that helped them imagine themselves eating. At last, the second group ate less because they focused on their food more.”可知，人们在有“数字泡菜”的情况下会吃得更多，是因为他们的注意力被分散了，没有专注于食物。故选B。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This result works not only for eating meals but also for other tasks which need a lot of patience and skills as well. A research team invited 120 volunteers to do different tasks while providing them with drinks and snacks. When they focused on their tasks and their attention was distracted, they were less likely to tell how full they felt and ate more than they expected.”可知，最后一段通过另一个实验案例，进一步说明了注意力分散会导致人们吃得更多，即过度进食。因此，最后一段的目的是给出另一个导致过度进食的案例。故选C。 【3题详解】 最佳标题题。根据文章第一段“Recently, a new type of pickle is being discussed: ‘digital pickles’. It means the videos people watch while eating.”以及全文内容可知，本文主要探讨了“数字泡菜”（即吃饭时观看的视频）对人们饮食的影响，因此最佳标题应为“Enjoying Dinner with a Show”（边看节目边享受晚餐）。故选C。 【4题详解】 篇章结构题。本文第一段提出很多人认为“电子泡菜”让食物更美味；第二、三段介绍了看视频会让人们吃得更多；第四段说明了听音频让注意力不集中，人们会吃得更多；第五段说明了其他会让人吃得更多的情况。综合全文可知，本文首段主要概述“电子泡菜”，后面四段进行具体分析说明，结构为“总一分”形式。故选A。 9D Dunhuang was one of the most important stops along the ancient Silk Road. It is famous for the Mogao Grottoes which were listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO in 1987. Many people, including archaeologists (考古学家) and researchers, work hard to take care of the Mogao Grottoes and learn more about them. Fan Jinshi is one of them. People call her the “Daughter of Dunhuang”. Fan Jinshi was born in Beijing in 1938. Her father was a graduate of Tsinghua University and had a strong interest in Chinese classical art and culture. So Fan had great love for Chinese culture when she was young. She studied in the archaeology department in Peking University from 1958 to 1963. Then she started working at Dunhuang Academy and has worked there ever since. Fan spends her lifetime not only saving the invaluable treasures in Dunhuang but also introducing them to the world. Furthermore, after a 30-year period of hard work. Fan and her team have made a digital preservation system (数字保护系统). “Digital Dunhuang” including digital photo shooting, color correction, photo gallery and more. This may be one of the only effective, methods to preserve the Mogao Grottoes. Until recently, the resource of “Digital Dunhuang” has enjoyed more than seven million visits from around the world on the Internet. In 2018, Fan earned the title of “Reform Pioneer over the 70-year history of New China” for her contributions to cultural preservation. On May 4, 2023, Fan Jinshi returned to Peking University and brought back 10 million RMB donations to set up the Fan Jinshi Education Fund (基金会) to support the research of Dunhuang Studies. “Money should be spent in the right way. People cannot only think of themselves,” she said. “Hopefully, the setting of the Fund can help Dunhuang Studies at university, so it can raise cultural confidence and strength.” 1. In what section of a newspaper may we read the article? A. Travel. B. Sports. C. Culture. D. Health. 2. What can be inferred (推断) from the passage? A. Fan’s interest in archaeology came from her mother. B. Digital Dunhuang is very popular on the Internet. C. Fan set up a foundation to support Dunhuang Studies. D. Fan devotes her lifetime to environmental protection. 3. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4? A. What Fan did for preserving Dunhuang culture. B. When a digital preservation system was made. C. Why Fan took up archaeology as her career. D. How Fan Jinshi Education Fund was set up. 4. Which is the correct order of the following events? a. Fan started working at Dunhuang Academy. b. Fan was honored with the title “Reform pioneer”. c. Fan donated a large amount of money to Peking University. d. The Mogao Grottoes were listed as a world cultural heritage. A. a-d-c-b B. a-d-b-c C. d-a-b-c D. b-c-a-d 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了被誉为“敦煌女儿”的樊锦诗在保护莫高窟上所付出的努力和做出的贡献。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了被誉为“敦煌女儿”的樊锦诗在保护莫高窟上所付出的努力和做出的贡献，属于文化范畴。故选C。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Until recently, the resource of ‘Digital Dunhuang’ has enjoyed more than seven million visits from around the world on the Internet.”可知，“数字敦煌”资源在互联网上已经吸引了来自世界各地的700多万人次访问，所以可推知，数字敦煌在互联网上非常流行。故选B。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。通读第四段可知，本段主要介绍樊锦诗在保护敦煌文化中所做出的努力。故选A。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“She studied in the archaeology department in Peking University from 1958 to 1963. Then she started working at Dunhuang Academy and has worked there ever since.”可知，樊锦诗开始在敦煌研究院工作；根据第一段“It is famous for the Mogao Grottoes which were listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO in 1987.”可知，莫高窟被列为世界文化遗产；根据第四段“In 2018, Fan earned the title of “Reform Pioneer over the 70-year history of New China” for her contributions to cultural preservation.”可知，樊锦诗被授予“改革先锋”称号；根据最后一段“On May 4, 2023, Fan Jinshi returned to Peking University and brought back 10 million RMB donations to set up the Fan Jinshi Education Fund to support the research of Dunhuang Studies.”可知，樊锦诗向北京大学捐了一大笔钱。故选B。 10D Nowadays, more and more Chinese travelers, especially young people, are going beyond traditional sightseeing. They are looking for deeper connections and more personal experiences during their trips. This change shows a new travel idea that values the quality of experiences over how many places they visit, and real experience over checklist-style tourism. According to a recent report by China Youth Daily in May, deep and interesting “slow travel” (55.3%) and traveling on their own (52.3%) have become the most popular types among young Chinese travelers. The same report also says that visiting less famous attractions (41.9%) has become another popular choice, showing that more people prefer real experiences over crowded (拥挤的) tourist places. A good example comes from Quanzhou, Fujian, where college student Yan Ting purposely avoided popular tourist spots. She spent her days walking through the old town's small streets, watching locals make tea and talk with each other, and even joined older people to learn about nanyin—an old music tradition recognized by UNESCO as important cultural heritage. The idea of “slow travel” has also grown to include “volunteer tourism”, where travelers help with local community projects. In Qiandongnan, Guizhou, groups of young travelers worked together to help older villagers through different useful activities. They collected oral histories, recorded traditional needlework skills, and helped set up small online museums to save and show local cultural history. Thinking about her experience, Yan Ting shared: “I didn't want to just see famous places; I wanted to feel the real life here.” Her words explain the heart of this growing trend—a wish to go beyond surface-level tourism and build real connections with local communities and their way of living. These slow and meaningful experiences are truly changing for modern Chinese travelers. They show a basic change in travel values, where the quality of experience and depth of cultural understanding have become more important than just visiting many places. This way of traveling allows young people to return home with not just photos, but with lasting memories and real connections. 1. Why is nanyin mentioned in the passage? A. To prove it's the most popular attraction in Quanzhou. B. To explain why young people travel on their own. C. To encourage every tourist to learn this kind of music. D. To provide an example of deep cultural slow travel. 2. How does the writer develop the whole passage? A. By listing numbers to show the trend. B. By comparing advantages and disadvantages. C. By giving general ideas and supporting examples. D. By sharing all kinds of young people's travel stories. 3. The following sentence would be best placed at the beginning of ________. Unlike rushed tourists, many young travelers now prefer slow, cultural experiences. A. Paragraph 2 B. Paragraph 3 C. Paragraph 4 D. Paragraph 5 4. What can we learn about “volunteer tourism” from the text? A. It requires young people to be very strong. B. It is only about teaching in local schools. C. It helps travelers connect with local people and culture. D. It is the most popular travel style among young people. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了中国年轻旅行者的旅行理念发生转变，不再局限于传统观光，而是更青睐“慢旅行”“自助游”和探访小众景点，追求深度文化体验与当地真实联结。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据“A good example comes from Quanzhou, Fujian, where college student Yan Ting purposely avoided popular tourist spots. She spent her days walking through the old town's small streets, watching locals make tea and talk with each other, and even joined older people to learn about nanyin—an old music tradition recognized by UNESCO as important cultural heritage.”可知，闫婷在泉州避开热门景点，学习被列为非物质文化遗产的南音，这一案例是为了佐证“慢旅行”中深度文化体验的特点。故选D。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。文章开篇先提出“年轻旅行者追求深度体验”的核心观点，随后用中国青年报的调查数据支撑趋势，再通过泉州、黔东南的具体案例展开说明，最后总结这种旅行理念的意义，整体采用“总述观点+举例支撑”的行文逻辑。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。题干句子“Unlike rushed tourists, many young travelers now prefer slow, cultural experiences.”，核心是引出“慢旅行”中的文化体验。第三段以严婷在泉州体验当地生活、学习南音为例，正是对“缓慢、注重文化的体验”的具体阐释，因此该句放在第三段开头最契合。故选B。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“volunteer tourism, where travelers help with local community projects”及后文提到的收集口述历史、记录传统技艺等活动，可知“志愿旅游”让旅行者参与当地社区项目，进而与当地人和文化建立联结。故选C。 11D Most environmental pollution comes from humans and their inventions. The electric bulbs are thought to be one of the greatest human inventions of all time. However, too much of a good thing has started to influence the environment. Light pollution is influencing human health and wildlife behavior. There is a world-wide movement to reduce light pollution, and everyone can help. Light pollution problem became especially serious when the World Map of Night Sky Brightness was published in 2016. Large areas of North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia are glowing with light, while only Siberia, the Sahara, and the Amazon are in total darkness. Artificial (人造的) light can wreak havoc on natural body rhythms in both humans and animals. It interrupts sleep and confuses the circadian rhythm (生理节奏). An increased amount of light at night lowers melatonin (褪黑素) production, which results in less sleep, headaches, stress and other health problems. Blue light, in particular, has been shown to reduce levels of melatonin in humans. It is found in cell phones and other computer devices, as well as in LEDs, the kinds of bulbs that have become popular at home and in industrial and city lighting due to their low cost and energy efficiency. Studies show that light pollution is also influencing animal behaviors, such as migration (迁徙) patterns and habitat formation. Because of light pollution, sea turtles guided by moonlight during migration lose their way, and often die. Even animals living under the deep sea may be influenced by underwater artificial lighting. Studies show that the artificial light is changing ocean ecosystems. The good news is that light pollution is reversible (可逆的) and each one of us can make a difference! Now, many people are taking action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky. People are required to use outdoor lighting only when and where it is needed and to close window blinds, shades, and curtains at night to keep light inside. 1. What does the underlined phrase “wreak havoc on” in Para. 3 probably mean? A. Improve greatly. B. Keep well. C. Manage strictly. D. Damage seriously. 2. According to the passage, which would the author agree with? A. Light pollution was first studied as a problem in 2016. B. Deep-sea environment can help animals avoid light pollution. C. Artificial light influences the sense of direction of animals. D. LEDs can be used more because of low cost and energy efficiency. 3. What is the author’s attitude towards the control of light pollution? A. Uncertain B. Doubtful. C. Worried. D. Hopeful. 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To call on people to reduce light pollution. B. To discuss good and bad points of artificial light. C. To give advice to protect the environment. D. To show future development of artificial light. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了人类过度使用灯光导致光污染，对环境、人类的健康和野生动物的健康产生负面影响，还影响动物迁徙模式和栖息地形成等行为。号召人类采取行动减少光污染，恢复自然夜空。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据“Artificial (人造的) light can wreak havoc on natural body rhythms in both humans and animals. It interrupts sleep and confuses the circadian rhythm”可知，人造光扰乱睡眠、打乱生理节奏，因此可知人造光对对自然生理节奏有严重破坏作用，划线单词表示“严重破坏”。故选D。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Because of light pollution, sea turtles guided by moonlight during migration lose their way, and often die.”可知，由于光污染，依靠月光迁徙的海龟会迷路，因此作者赞同“人造光影响动物的方向感”的观点。故选C。 【3题详解】 观点态度题。根据“The good news is that light pollution is reversible (可逆的) and each one of us can make a difference! Now, many people are taking action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky.”可知，作者认为光污染可逆，人们能有所作为，现在很多人已在行动，所以作者对光污染控制持乐观态度。故选D。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。本文通过分析光污染的危害，旨在呼吁人们采取行动减少光污染。故选A。 12D Ella was born in the Netherlands to a Dutch father and an Irish mother. She spent the first few years of her life in the Netherlands, speaking only Dutch. After her parents separated, her father moved to Spain, and her mother took Ella to Ireland. Today, Ella can speak English and Spanish——but not Dutch. “It’s strange that I can’t speak in my mother tongue,” she tells us. It might seem strange, but there is no doubt that it is possible for people to get worse at speaking their native language—and sometimes lose it completely. This phenomenon (现象) is known as “language attrition,” and it’s often observed in migrants who spend many years away from their home country. ①It might be easier to understand this in children, like Ella—research has found that children are quick to pick up new languages, but their language skills are also more vulnerable (脆弱的) to change. However, language attrition is also found in adults. “The minute you start learning another language, the two systems start to compete with each other,” Monika Schmid, a linguist at the University of Essex, said. While there have been cases of adults losing their native language completely, more often fluency (流利) in the native languages simply decreases, and the speaker becomes more prone (易于……的) to mixing languages. ②The degree to which fluency decreases depends on different things, Schmid said. If a person has a born talent for languages, they’re less likely to lose fluency, for example. ③Interestingly, migrants who spend time with others who speak both of their languages could be more prone to losing fluency in their native language—because they put less effort into keeping those languages separate in their minds, since both are understood. ④Things like negative memories of their home country might even encourage someone to lose their connection to the language they used there. But Laura Dominguez from the University of Southampton said that language attrition isn’t a bad thing—it’s a natural process, since people make changes to their language that are consistent (相符的) with their new realities. 1. Why does the writer mention Ella? A. To compare Ella’s language ability with other migrants. B. To show that only children can lose their native language. C. To explain why people should learn a new language quickly. D. To introduce the phenomenon of language attrition with a real example. 2. What does the underlined phrase “language attrition” in paragraph 3 mean? A. language improvement B. language weakening C. language learning D. language teaching 3. The following sentence can be best placed at ________. Even those who often use their native language may experience a small drop in their ability to express difficult ideas. A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ 4. Which is the best title for the passage? A. Ella’s Strange Experience of Losing Her Mother Tongue B. How to Avoid Losing Fluency in Your Native Language C. Language Attrition: Why People Lose Their Native Language D. The Difference Between Children and Adults in Language Attrition 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了语言磨蚀现象。文章通过Ella的真实案例引出主题，阐述了语言磨蚀的定义、在儿童和成人中的表现、影响因素，并指出这是一个自然过程而非坏事。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据“‘It’s strange that I can’t speak in my mother tongue,’ she tells us ... This phenomenon (现象) is known as ‘language attrition’”可知，文章通过Ella的例子来引入语言磨蚀这一现象。故选D。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据“it is possible for people to get worse at speaking their native language—and sometimes lose it completely”可知，“language attrition”指语言能力的减弱或退化。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据“While there have been cases of adults losing their native language completely...and the speaker becomes more prone (易于……的) to mixing languages.”可知，句子在讨论母语流利度下降的情况。“Even those who often use their native language may experience a small drop in their ability to express difficult ideas.”在讨论母语流利度受到的影响。二者相呼应。故选B。 【4题详解】 最佳标题题。根据文章内容可知，文章核心围绕语言磨蚀的原因和表现展开。选项C“语言磨蚀：人们为何会丧失母语能力”符合题意。故选C。 13D We’re used to seeing cats in people’s homes. You or a friend may have one or several. They might sleep on your bed, perch to gaze out a window, or ask you to play. Some people believe we never truly “own” cats, saying they just live with humans for food and comfort. As the saying goes, “A dog is a man’s best friend. A cat is a cat’s best friend.” Yet, cat owners argue that cats are misunderstood. They can be very loving, forming a close bond, following people around, and greeting them at the door. They show their love by purring, kneading, rubbing heads, and making eye contact. With so many people loving cats today, how did these wild creatures become popular pets? Cats have a long history with humans. Studies show they were first domesticated (家养的) in ancient China and Egypt. Evidence from Cyprus, where a cat was buried beside a human over 9,000 years ago, suggests a close relationship even then. Scientists believe all modern cats are descended from the African-Asian wildcat. The domestication process possibly began when humans started farming. Cat bones found in ancient Chinese pits show these cats ate grain that humans grew. People probably encouraged cats to stay and control pests as a protector. In return, cats grew used to human company (陪伴). Over time, people raised the friendlier cats, which gradually led to the pets we know today. Cats were valued as skilled hunters and were even officially employed by the U.S. Postal Service in the 19th century to control mice in post offices. By the century’s end, people began keeping cats mainly for companionship. Their popularity soared, and by the 1990s, cats had become more popular than dogs as pets in the U.S. Today, it’s estimated there are about 600 million domestic cats worldwide. Whether humans domesticated cats or cats chose to live with us remains a fun debate. One thing is certain: these furry companions are here to stay. And when you see your cat watching birds from the window, remember the wild hunter that still lives within. 1. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain why cats are better pets than dogs. B. To describe the history of how cats became pets. C. To encourage more people to keep cats as pets. D. To show how cats help humans catch mice. 2. The word “bond” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ________. A. a strong rope B. a close connection C. a food resource D. a hunting skill 3. How is the passage mainly organized? A. By showing different scientific opinions about cats. B. By stating a problem and then explaining how it is solved. C. By describing events in the order in which they happened. D. By listing reasons why cats make the best household pets. 4. What can we learn from the passage? A. The connection between cats and people has been helpful to both. B. People first kept cats mainly because they wanted animal friends. C. Cats’ main job has always been the same all through history. D. Cats became more popular than dogs because they protected food. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍猫从野生变为宠物的历史，讲述其驯化过程、不同时期与人类的关联，还提及相关争议，强调猫会一直陪伴人类。 【1题详解】 主旨大意题。本文围绕猫是如何从野生动物逐渐与人类建立联系、成为宠物的过程展开，重点介绍了猫与人类之间相互合作和驯化的历史。故选B。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据“They can be very loving, forming a close bond, following people around, and greeting them at the door.”可知，它们可以非常有爱心，跟着人们四处走动，还在门口迎接人们，由此可知猫和人形成了一种紧密的联系，bond表示“紧密的联系”。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章可知，文章按时间线依次介绍猫与人之间的关系发展：先是介绍猫在古代中国和埃及被第一次家养，然后是介绍农耕时期猫的驯化过程，接着是19世纪美国邮政管理局雇猫，最后是现代猫的普及。因此是按照事件发生的先后顺序进行描述的。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Cat bones found in ancient Chinese pits show these cats ate grain that humans grew. People probably encouraged cats to stay and control pests as a protector. In return, cats grew used to human company (陪伴). Over time, people raised the friendlier cats, which gradually led to the pets we know today.”及“Cats were valued as skilled hunters and were even officially employed by the U.S. Postal Service in the 19th century to control mice in post offices.”可知，猫作为保护者控制害虫，捕捉老鼠，且吃人类种植的谷物，并习惯了人类的陪伴，由此可知，猫与人的联系对两者都是有帮助的。故选A。 14D Chen Ning Yang—A Giant of Modern Physics    Chen Ning Yang, one of the most influential physicists of the twentieth century, passed away in Beijing on October 18, 2025, at the age of 103. His ideas transformed our understanding of nature and shaped the very foundations of modern physics. Born in 1922 in Hefei, Anhui Province, Yang showed exceptional talent in mathematics and science from an early age. He studied at Southwest Associated University during wartime China and later completed his PhD at the University of Chicago in 1948, under the supervision of the famous physicist Enrico Fermi. In 1956, Yang and his colleague Tsung-Dao Lee proposed a revolutionary idea—that the law of parity conservation might not hold in weak nuclear interactions. At the time, most scientists believed nature treated “left” and “right” equally. The following year, experimental physicist  Chien-Shiung Wu confirmed the effect, proving that the universe does, in fact, distinguish between left and right. For this discovery, Yang and Lee shared the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics, becoming the first Chinese scientists ever to receive this honor. The finding of parity violation was more than a scientific breakthrough—it opened a new window into the structure of matter and laid the groundwork for later developments in particle physics. Yang’s influence extended far beyond one discovery. In 1954, together with Robert Mills, he introduced what is now known as the Yang-Mills theory, a mathematical framework that describes the fundamental forces of nature. This theory later became a cornerstone of the Standard Model, the central theory explaining how subatomic particles interact. After decades in the United States, Yang returned to China in the 1990s and became a professor at Tsinghua University. He encouraged international cooperation and devoted himself to scientific education in China. Many students remember his humility, his sharp mind, and his belief that true science requires both curiosity and courage. Chen Ning Yang’s life tells a story of brilliance, integrity, and dedication. From a young scholar in wartime China to a Nobel laureate whose ideas changed physics forever, his journey reminds us that great discoveries are born from questioning the impossible. 1. What made Chen Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee’s idea revolutionary? A. It proved that gravity affects all objects equally B. It suggested that nature treats “left” and “right” differently. C. It showed that time could go backward D. It explained how all the forces in nature are connected. 2. What was confirmed by Chien-Shiung Wu’s experiment?   A. The law of parity conservation was always “correct”. B. The universe shows no difference between left and right. C. The parity violation predicted by Yang and Lee was real. D. Atoms behave exactly the same under all conditions. 3. Which of the following best describes the Yang-Mills theory? A. A method for predicting earthquakes. B. A mathematical model describing fundamental forces. C. A law explaining chemical reactions. D. A theory about astronomy and stars. 4. What is the main message of the article? A. Great discoveries come from questioning accepted ideas. B. Science success depends mostly on luck. C. Fame is more important than curiosity. D. Teamwork matters more than courage. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了现代物理学巨匠杨振宁的生平事迹、重要科学成就及其深远影响。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据“In 1956, Yang and his colleague Tsung-Dao Lee proposed a revolutionary idea—that the law of parity conservation might not hold in weak nuclear interactions. At the time, most scientists believed nature treated “left” and “right” equally. ”可知，杨振宁和李政道的观点具有革命性是因为他们认为自然界对“左”和“右”的处理方式不同。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据“The following year, experimental physicist  Chien-Shiung Wu confirmed the effect, proving that the universe does, in fact, distinguish between left and right.”可知，吴健雄的实验证实了杨和李预测的宇称不守恒是真实的。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据“In 1954, together with Robert Mills, he introduced what is now known as the Yang-Mills theory, a mathematical framework that describes the fundamental forces of nature.”可知，杨米尔斯理论是一种描述基本力的数学模型。故选B。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据“Chen Ning Yang’s life tells a story of brilliance, integrity, and dedication. From a young scholar in wartime China to a Nobel laureate whose ideas changed physics forever, his journey reminds us that great discoveries are born from questioning the impossible.”可知，文章主要讲述了杨振宁的生平、成就并强调了伟大发现源于质疑不可能的观点。故选A。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $