Unit 5 Power of Ideas Section B作业集 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

**基本信息** 九年级上册Unit5 Section B同步练，分层设计清晰，通过“语基夯实-能力拓展”双层次，构建词汇-句型-语篇递进路径，兼顾语言能力夯实与思维品质提升。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |语基夯实|36个核心词汇、14个单词变形、5个短语、5个主题金句|背诵与默写结合，聚焦基础词汇拼写与句型记忆，强化语言能力基础| |能力拓展|语法应用（单选10题）、语篇填空（2篇）、阅读理解（2篇）、任务型阅读|从基础语法到语篇综合，梯度设计提升分析推断能力，体现思维品质培养|

九年级上册 Unit 5 Power of Ideas Section B 语基夯实 【背诵版】 词汇巩固 1. reality n.现实；事实 2. papermaking n.造纸工艺；造纸业 3. responsible adj.作为原因的；有责任的 4. responsible for sth 引起某事 5. rapid adj.迅速的；瞬间的 6. shape v.塑造 n.形状 7. bronze n. & adj.青铜(的)；青铜色(的) 8. ware n.制品；陶器 9. stone n.石头；岩石 10. jute n.黄麻纤维 11. fibre/fiber n.纤维；纤维素 12. expensive adj.昂贵的；价格高的 13. officer n.官员；高级职员 14. workshop n.作坊；讲习班 15. none pron.没有一个；毫无 16. ideal adj.最合适的；理想的 n.理想；完美的人(或事物) 17. certain adj.某些；确定的 pron.(不提及人或事物的名称时用)某些 18. suitable adj.合适的；适宜的 19. liquid n.液体 adj.液体的 20. cheap adj.便宜的 adv.低廉地 21. creation n.创造；作品 22. later on 后来；其后 23. speed up(使)加速 24. Arabic adj.阿拉伯语的 n.阿拉伯语 25. result in 造成；导致 26. lead to 导致；造成 27. birth n.起源；诞生 28. rapidly adv.迅速地；快速地 29. afford v.买得起；能做 30. company n.公司；剧团 31. sticky adj.黏(性)的；闷热的 32. production n.生产；制作 33. gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地 34. widely adv.广泛地；普遍地 35. be looking to do sth 试图找到做某事的方法 36. glider n.滑翔机 单词变形 1. real(adj.)→reality(n.)现实；事实 2. responsible(adj.)→responsibility(n.)责任；负责 3. rapid(adj.)→rapidly(adv.)迅速地；快速地→rapidity(n.)迅速 4. certain(adj.)→certainly(adv.)肯定地→certainty(n.)必然的事 5. expensive(adj.)→cheap(反义词)便宜的 6. glide(v.)→glider(n.)滑翔机 7. afford(v.)→affordable(adj.)付得起的；买得起的 8. stick(v.)→sticky(adj.)黏(性)的；闷热的 9. gradual(adj.)→gradually(adv.)逐渐地；逐步地 10. create(v.)→creation(n.)创造；作品→creative(adj.)创造性的；创作的→creativity(n.)创造力 短语归纳 1. turn ideas into reality 将想法变成现实 2. speed up the development of Chinese culture 推动中华文化的发展 3. control dangerous diseases 控制危险的疾病 4. provide a solution to the problem 提供解决问题的方法 5. afford to do sth 负担得起做某事 金句积累 1. It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world. 它，相较其他任何发明，都更推动了信息的快速传播，这塑造了我们如今的现代世界。 2. However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store or very expensive. 然而，这些材料要么难以使用和储存，要么价格十分昂贵。 3. Later on, the papermaking technique did not only speed up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. 后来，造纸术不仅推动了中华文化的发展，也改变了世界各国的文明。 4. When the use of paper and printing came together in later centuries, it led to a rapid increase in the number of books. This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today. 在后来的数个世纪里，纸张与印刷术的应用相结合，书籍的数量随之激增。这促成了知识的新生，造就了我们如今所处的世界。 5. Creativity is seeing what others see and thinking what no one else has ever thought. 创造力是看见他人所见之事，却思考他人从未想过的问题。 【默写版】 一、词汇巩固 人教版九年级上册作业集 1. reality n. ____________ 2. papermaking n. ____________ 3. responsible adj. ____________ 4. responsible for sth ____________ 5. rapid adj. ____________ 6. shape v. ____________ n. ____________ 7. bronze n. & adj. ____________ 8. ware n. ____________ 9. stone n. ____________ 10. jute n. ____________ 11. fibre/fiber n. ____________ 12. expensive adj. ____________ 13. officer n. ____________ 14. workshop n. ____________ 15. none pron. ____________ 16. ideal adj. ____________ n. ____________ 17. certain adj. ____________ pron. ____________ 18. suitable adj. ____________ 19. liquid n. ____________ adj. ____________ 20. cheap adj. ____________ adv. ____________ 21. creation n. ____________ 22. later on ____________ 23. speed up ____________ 24. Arabic adj. ____________ n. ____________ 25. result in ____________ 26. lead to ____________ 27. birth n. ____________ 28. rapidly adv. ____________ 29. afford v. ____________ 30. company n. ____________ 31. sticky adj. ____________ 32. production n. ____________ 33. gradually adv. ____________ 34. widely adv. ____________ 35. be looking to do sth ____________ 36. glider n. ____________ 二、单词变形 1. real(adj.)→____________(n.)现实；事实 2. responsible(adj.)→____________(n.)责任；负责 3. rapid(adj.)→____________(adv.)迅速地；快速地 4. rapid(adj.)→____________(n.)迅速 5. certain(adj.)→____________(adv.)肯定地 6. certain(adj.)→____________(n.)必然的事 7. expensive(adj.)→____________(反义词)便宜的 8. glide(v.)→____________(n.)滑翔机 9. afford(v.)→____________(adj.)付得起的；买得起的 10. stick(v.)→____________(adj.)黏(性)的；闷热的 11. gradual(adj.)→____________(adv.)逐渐地；逐步地 12. create(v.)→____________(n.)创造；作品 13. create(v.)→____________(adj.)创造性的；创作的 14. create(v.)→____________(n.)创造力 三、短语归纳 1.将想法变成现实 ________________ 2.推动中华文化的发展 ________________ 3.控制危险的疾病 ________________ 4.提供解决问题的方法 ________________ 5.负担得起做某事 ________________ 四、金句积累 1.它，相较其他任何发明，都更推动了信息的快速传播，这塑造了我们如今的现代世界。 ______________________________________________________________________ 2.然而，这些材料要么难以使用和储存，要么价格十分昂贵。 ______________________________________________________________________ 3.后来，造纸术不仅推动了中华文化的发展，也改变了世界各国的文明。 ______________________________________________________________________ 4.在后来的数个世纪里，纸张与印刷术的应用相结合，书籍的数量随之激增。这促成了知识的新生，造就了我们如今所处的世界。 ______________________________________________________________________ 5.创造力是看见他人所见之事，却思考他人从未想过的问题。 ______________________________________________________________________ 能力拓展 一、单项选择 1. The invention of paper played an important role ______ the spread of knowledge around the world. A. on B. in C. at D. for 2. People ______ different natural materials to produce paper long before modern machines were invented. A. use B. will use C. are using D. used 3. Many ancient paper‑making works show great ______ and impress modern visitors deeply. A. creativity B. create C. creative D. creation 4. This kind of ancient material was hard to store and cost ______ for ordinary people in old times. A. too low B. too little C. too much D. too many 5. The old paper‑making material was not easy to keep, ______ few people could get it. A. so B. but C. or D. though 6. The new papermaking technique influenced human civilizations, ______ the whole world’s way of recording history. A. shape B. shaped C. shapes D. shaping 7. Scientists are discussing ______ this traditional material can be improved for modern production. A. whether B. that C. what D. where 8. Those expensive tools were so costly that only rich families ______ them hundreds of years ago. A. can afford B. could afford C. afford D. are affording 9. This kind of ancient material is too ______ to be kept for a long time. A. sticky B. suitable C. cheap D. liquid 10. —This ancient papermaking craft is really wonderful. —______. It has shaped our cultural development for centuries. A. I don’t think so B. That’s all right C. Never mind D. I agree 二、适当形式填空 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1. The ancient skill of papermaking has brought great ________ (create) to human culture. 2. People used different natural materials ________ (make) paper thousands of years ago. 3. It was ________ (extreme) difficult for poor people to get this expensive material. 4. Many old works show the great value of ________ (tradition) Chinese skills. 5. The heavy cost made it impossible for ordinary families ________ (afford) such tools. 6. ________ (late) on, people found better ways to produce paper. 7. This kind of material is too ________ (stick) and cannot be stored for long. 8. The new technique changed the world, ________ it did not spread quickly at first. 9. We should value the wisdom ________ our ancient workers. 10. He spent years ________ (study) the secret of ancient papermaking. 三、短文填空 从所给词中选择合适的词并用适当形式填空 create, afford, sticky, late, true, shape, material, expensive, but, spread Paper is one of the greatest inventions in China. In old times, people used many different 1.________ to write. Most of them were too 2.________, so common people could not 3.________ them. 4.________ on, people found new ways to make paper. The new skill showed wonderful 5.________. However, the earliest paper was a little 6.________, so it could not be kept for long. The papermaking skill helped 7.________ human history, 8.________ it took a long time to 9.________ to other countries. It is 10.________ amazing that such a simple invention has changed our world. 阅读短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，每空一词。 Many ancient inventions have changed the way humans live. Before the rise of paper, people depended on heavy and expensive 1.________ (object) to keep records. Those things were not easy to carry, so few people could own them. 2.________ (gradual), people found new ways to produce writing‑keeping tools. The new skills needed lots of hard work and careful 3.________ (observe) of nature. Some old products were 4.________ (nature), but they could not last for centuries. The new discovery improved people’s daily life, 5.________ it met lots of difficulties at the beginning. It is 6.________ (surprise) how small ideas can make such big differences. We can get much knowledge 7.________ the stories of ancient inventors. Great inventions bring new chances 8.________ human development. They encourage us 9.________ (think) more about the world around us. Without these bright minds, we would lose many treasures 10.________ the past. 四、阅读理解 阅读短文，从每题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 The world is full of great inventions. Some change our life little by little, and others bring huge changes right away. Among all these inventions, the compass(指南针) is one of the most important ones from ancient China. Long ago, people travelled mainly by land or by boat. Without the compass, it was hard for them to find the right direction when clouds covered the sun or stars. Early compasses were made of natural stones. They were not easy to carry, and they did not work well in bad weather. Later, Chinese inventors improved the tool. People could make small compasses that were easy to take along. With this tool, sailors could sail far across the sea. Slowly, the compass travelled to other countries. It helped people open up new lands and make new trades(贸易). Today we still use the idea of the compass. Our phones have digital compasses inside. Although the look is different, it still serves the same purpose. It shows us where we are and which way we should go. 1. What was the problem with the early compass? A. It could not work on boats B. It was hard to carry and use well C. It was too expensive to buy D. It could only work at night 2. What does the underlined word “sailors” mean in Chinese? A. 水手 B. 农民 C. 商人 D. 士兵 3. What can we infer(推断) from the passage? A. The compass was invented in foreign countries B. The compass changed people’s travelling greatly C. People used compasses mainly in bad weather D. Old compasses looked the same as phone compasses 4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Phones are more useful than old compasses B. The old compass is completely useless today C. The compass’s idea is still used in modern life D. Digital compasses are made of special stones 5. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Clouds helped people find directions long ago B. The compass spread to other countries slowly C. Ancient people travelled only by boat D. The compass can show people’s age 阅读短文，从每题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 Many people think great inventions come from clever scientists in labs. But some useful inventions come from daily needs. The paper bag is a good example. In the 1800s, most people used cloth bags or baskets when they went shopping. Cloth bags were strong, but they were heavy. Baskets were light, but they were easy to break. People wanted something cheap, light and easy to carry. An American woman named Margaret Knight noticed this problem. She watched shop workers pack things every day. She thought of a new way to make paper bags with flat bottoms(平底). The flat‑bottom bags could stand on the ground. They could hold more things than common paper bags. At first, few people believed her idea. Some men even said a woman could not invent such a useful machine. But she kept working. Finally her machine was built and put into use. Soon paper bags became popular all over the country. Today paper bags are still widely used. They are not perfect, but they meet people’s real‑life needs. Great inventions do not always need big surprises. Sometimes they just solve small everyday problems. 1. Why did people need new shopping bags in the 1800s? A. Cloth bags were too expensive B. Baskets were easy to get broken C. Paper bags were already very popular D. No one liked to go shopping 2. What was special about Margaret Knight’s paper bags? A. They were made of cloth B. They had flat bottoms C. They could never break D. They were very heavy 3. What can we learn about Margaret Knight? A. She worked in a big lab B. She gave up her idea easily C. She faced doubt from others D. She invented the first cloth bag 4. What does the writer want to tell us? A. Only scientists can make great inventions B. Women are better at inventing things C. Many inventions come from real‑life needs D. Paper bags are the best invention ever 5. In which part of a magazine can we read this passage? A. Sports B. History & Inventions C. Travel D. Food 任务型阅读 阅读短文，根据短文内容，回答下面的问题。 When we talk about great ancient inventions, we often think of paper, the compass and gunpowder. But few people know about the ancient Chinese seismograph(地动仪). It was invented by Zhang Heng in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhang Heng was a great scientist. He noticed that earthquakes happened from time to time. People could not tell where an earthquake came from at that time. So he wanted to build a tool to find out the direction of earthquakes. The seismograph was a large bronze(青铜) machine. It looked like a big cup with eight dragon heads around it. Each dragon held a small ball in its mouth. Under each dragon, there was a toad(蟾蜍) with its mouth open. When an earthquake happened somewhere, the ball from the dragon’s mouth would drop into the toad below. People could know the direction of the earthquake by watching which ball fell down. However, the old seismograph did not work well in all situations. No real copy of Zhang Heng’s seismograph has been found today. People only know about it from old books. Even so, Zhang Heng’s idea showed people’s great wisdom. It tells us that inventions come from careful observation of the world around us. 1. Who invented the ancient Chinese seismograph? ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Why did Zhang Heng want to invent the seismograph? ______________________________________________________________________ 3. What did the seismograph look like? ______________________________________________________________________ 4. What would happen when an earthquake took place? ______________________________________________________________________ 5. What can we learn from Zhang Heng’s invention? ______________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $九年级上册 Unit 5 Power of Ideas Section B 语基夯实 【背诵版】 词汇巩固 1. reality n.现实；事实 2. papermaking n.造纸工艺；造纸业 3. responsible adj.作为原因的；有责任的 4. responsible for sth 引起某事 5. rapid adj.迅速的；瞬间的 6. shape v.塑造 n.形状 7. bronze n. & adj.青铜(的)；青铜色(的) 8. ware n.制品；陶器 9. stone n.石头；岩石 10. jute n.黄麻纤维 11. fibre/fiber n.纤维；纤维素 12. expensive adj.昂贵的；价格高的 13. officer n.官员；高级职员 14. workshop n.作坊；讲习班 15. none pron.没有一个；毫无 16. ideal adj.最合适的；理想的 n.理想；完美的人(或事物) 17. certain adj.某些；确定的 pron.(不提及人或事物的名称时用)某些 18. suitable adj.合适的；适宜的 19. liquid n.液体 adj.液体的 20. cheap adj.便宜的 adv.低廉地 21. creation n.创造；作品 22. later on 后来；其后 23. speed up(使)加速 24. Arabic adj.阿拉伯语的 n.阿拉伯语 25. result in 造成；导致 26. lead to 导致；造成 27. birth n.起源；诞生 28. rapidly adv.迅速地；快速地 29. afford v.买得起；能做 30. company n.公司；剧团 31. sticky adj.黏(性)的；闷热的 32. production n.生产；制作 33. gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地 34. widely adv.广泛地；普遍地 35. be looking to do sth 试图找到做某事的方法 36. glider n.滑翔机 单词变形 1. real(adj.)→reality(n.)现实；事实 2. responsible(adj.)→responsibility(n.)责任；负责 3. rapid(adj.)→rapidly(adv.)迅速地；快速地→rapidity(n.)迅速 4. certain(adj.)→certainly(adv.)肯定地→certainty(n.)必然的事 5. expensive(adj.)→cheap(反义词)便宜的 6. glide(v.)→glider(n.)滑翔机 7. afford(v.)→affordable(adj.)付得起的；买得起的 8. stick(v.)→sticky(adj.)黏(性)的；闷热的 9. gradual(adj.)→gradually(adv.)逐渐地；逐步地 10. create(v.)→creation(n.)创造；作品→creative(adj.)创造性的；创作的→creativity(n.)创造力 短语归纳 1. turn ideas into reality 将想法变成现实 2. speed up the development of Chinese culture 推动中华文化的发展 3. control dangerous diseases 控制危险的疾病 4. provide a solution to the problem 提供解决问题的方法 5. afford to do sth 负担得起做某事 金句积累 1. It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world. 它，相较其他任何发明，都更推动了信息的快速传播，这塑造了我们如今的现代世界。 2. However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store or very expensive. 然而，这些材料要么难以使用和储存，要么价格十分昂贵。 3. Later on, the papermaking technique did not only speed up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. 后来，造纸术不仅推动了中华文化的发展，也改变了世界各国的文明。 4. When the use of paper and printing came together in later centuries, it led to a rapid increase in the number of books. This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today. 在后来的数个世纪里，纸张与印刷术的应用相结合，书籍的数量随之激增。这促成了知识的新生，造就了我们如今所处的世界。 5. Creativity is seeing what others see and thinking what no one else has ever thought. 创造力是看见他人所见之事，却思考他人从未想过的问题。 【默写版】 一、词汇巩固 人教版九年级上册作业集 1. reality n. ____________ 2. papermaking n. ____________ 3. responsible adj. ____________ 4. responsible for sth ____________ 5. rapid adj. ____________ 6. shape v. ____________ n. ____________ 7. bronze n. & adj. ____________ 8. ware n. ____________ 9. stone n. ____________ 10. jute n. ____________ 11. fibre/fiber n. ____________ 12. expensive adj. ____________ 13. officer n. ____________ 14. workshop n. ____________ 15. none pron. ____________ 16. ideal adj. ____________ n. ____________ 17. certain adj. ____________ pron. ____________ 18. suitable adj. ____________ 19. liquid n. ____________ adj. ____________ 20. cheap adj. ____________ adv. ____________ 21. creation n. ____________ 22. later on ____________ 23. speed up ____________ 24. Arabic adj. ____________ n. ____________ 25. result in ____________ 26. lead to ____________ 27. birth n. ____________ 28. rapidly adv. ____________ 29. afford v. ____________ 30. company n. ____________ 31. sticky adj. ____________ 32. production n. ____________ 33. gradually adv. ____________ 34. widely adv. ____________ 35. be looking to do sth ____________ 36. glider n. ____________ 二、单词变形 1. real(adj.)→____________(n.)现实；事实 2. responsible(adj.)→____________(n.)责任；负责 3. rapid(adj.)→____________(adv.)迅速地；快速地 4. rapid(adj.)→____________(n.)迅速 5. certain(adj.)→____________(adv.)肯定地 6. certain(adj.)→____________(n.)必然的事 7. expensive(adj.)→____________(反义词)便宜的 8. glide(v.)→____________(n.)滑翔机 9. afford(v.)→____________(adj.)付得起的；买得起的 10. stick(v.)→____________(adj.)黏(性)的；闷热的 11. gradual(adj.)→____________(adv.)逐渐地；逐步地 12. create(v.)→____________(n.)创造；作品 13. create(v.)→____________(adj.)创造性的；创作的 14. create(v.)→____________(n.)创造力 三、短语归纳 1.将想法变成现实 ________________ 2.推动中华文化的发展 ________________ 3.控制危险的疾病 ________________ 4.提供解决问题的方法 ________________ 5.负担得起做某事 ________________ 四、金句积累 1.它，相较其他任何发明，都更推动了信息的快速传播，这塑造了我们如今的现代世界。 ______________________________________________________________________ 2.然而，这些材料要么难以使用和储存，要么价格十分昂贵。 ______________________________________________________________________ 3.后来，造纸术不仅推动了中华文化的发展，也改变了世界各国的文明。 ______________________________________________________________________ 4.在后来的数个世纪里，纸张与印刷术的应用相结合，书籍的数量随之激增。这促成了知识的新生，造就了我们如今所处的世界。 ______________________________________________________________________ 5.创造力是看见他人所见之事，却思考他人从未想过的问题。 ______________________________________________________________________ 能力拓展 一、单项选择 1. The invention of paper played an important role ______ the spread of knowledge around the world. A. on B. in C. at D. for 2. People ______ different natural materials to produce paper long before modern machines were invented. A. use B. will use C. are using D. used 3. Many ancient paper‑making works show great ______ and impress modern visitors deeply. A. creativity B. create C. creative D. creation 4. This kind of ancient material was hard to store and cost ______ for ordinary people in old times. A. too low B. too little C. too much D. too many 5. The old paper‑making material was not easy to keep, ______ few people could get it. A. so B. but C. or D. though 6. The new papermaking technique influenced human civilizations, ______ the whole world’s way of recording history. A. shape B. shaped C. shapes D. shaping 7. Scientists are discussing ______ this traditional material can be improved for modern production. A. whether B. that C. what D. where 8. Those expensive tools were so costly that only rich families ______ them hundreds of years ago. A. can afford B. could afford C. afford D. are affording 9. This kind of ancient material is too ______ to be kept for a long time. A. sticky B. suitable C. cheap D. liquid 10. —This ancient papermaking craft is really wonderful. —______. It has shaped our cultural development for centuries. A. I don’t think so B. That’s all right C. Never mind D. I agree 答案与解析 1. B 考查介词。play an important role in… 在……方面起重要作用。题干紧扣造纸发明的历史意义。 2. D 考查一般过去时。long before modern machines were invented 过去时间标志，谓语用过去式used，讲古人利用原料造纸。 3. A 考查名词辨析。great后接名词；creativity 创造力，对应单元核心词，描述古代工艺的创造力。 4. C 考查程度短语。cost表花费，不可数，用too much；讲古代材料造价高昂。 5. A 考查连词。前后因果关系：材料难以保存，所以普通人很难获得。 6. D 考查现在分词作结果状语。造纸技术改变文明，自然而然塑造记录历史的方式，贴合单元主题。 7. A 考查宾语从句引导词。whether 是否；科学家讨论传统材料能否改良用于现代生产，紧扣本单元材料话题。 8. B 考查情态动词过去式。hundreds of years ago 过去时间，could afford 负担得起，单元核心词afford。 9. A 考查形容词辨析。sticky 黏的；句意：这种古代材料黏性太强，无法长久保存，为本单元生词。 10. D 考查情景交际。赞同对方对古代造纸工艺的评价，呼应单元主题。 二、适当形式填空 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1. The ancient skill of papermaking has brought great ________ (create) to human culture. 2. People used different natural materials ________ (make) paper thousands of years ago. 3. It was ________ (extreme) difficult for poor people to get this expensive material. 4. Many old works show the great value of ________ (tradition) Chinese skills. 5. The heavy cost made it impossible for ordinary families ________ (afford) such tools. 6. ________ (late) on, people found better ways to produce paper. 7. This kind of material is too ________ (stick) and cannot be stored for long. 8. The new technique changed the world, ________ it did not spread quickly at first. 9. We should value the wisdom ________ our ancient workers. 10. He spent years ________ (study) the secret of ancient papermaking. 答案与解析 1. creativity 考查名词。great后接名词，create的名词形式creativity，意为“创造力”。 2. to make 考查非谓语。use sth. to do sth. 使用某物做某事。 3. extremely 考查副词。副词修饰形容词difficult。 4. traditional 考查形容词。形容词修饰名词skills。 5. to afford 考查非谓语。make it + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 固定句型。 6. Later 考查固定短语later on，意为“后来”，句首首字母大写。 7. sticky 考查形容词。too后接形容词，sticky黏的，为本单元生词。 8. but 考查连词。前后转折：新技术改变世界，但一开始传播并不快。 9. of 考查介词。the wisdom of… ……的智慧。 10. studying 考查非谓语。spend time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事。 三、短文填空 从所给词中选择合适的词并用适当形式填空 create, afford, sticky, late, true, shape, material, expensive, but, spread Paper is one of the greatest inventions in China. In old times, people used many different 1.________ to write. Most of them were too 2.________, so common people could not 3.________ them. 4.________ on, people found new ways to make paper. The new skill showed wonderful 5.________. However, the earliest paper was a little 6.________, so it could not be kept for long. The papermaking skill helped 7.________ human history, 8.________ it took a long time to 9.________ to other countries. It is 10.________ amazing that such a simple invention has changed our world. 答案与解析 1. materials 名词复数，different后接可数名词复数，意为“材料”。 2. expensive 形容词，too expensive 价格过高。 3. afford 情态动词could后接动词原形，表示“负担得起”。 4. Later later on 固定短语，后来；句首首字母大写。 5. creativity 名词，wonderful修饰名词，意为“创造力”。 6. sticky 形容词作表语，黏的。 7. (to) shape help (to) do sth. 帮助做某事；shape 塑造。 8. but 连词，表转折关系。 9. spread 不定式to后面接动词原形，传播。 10. truly 副词，修饰形容词amazing。 阅读短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，每空一词。 Many ancient inventions have changed the way humans live. Before the rise of paper, people depended on heavy and expensive 1.________ (object) to keep records. Those things were not easy to carry, so few people could own them. 2.________ (gradual), people found new ways to produce writing‑keeping tools. The new skills needed lots of hard work and careful 3.________ (observe) of nature. Some old products were 4.________ (nature), but they could not last for centuries. The new discovery improved people’s daily life, 5.________ it met lots of difficulties at the beginning. It is 6.________ (surprise) how small ideas can make such big differences. We can get much knowledge 7.________ the stories of ancient inventors. Great inventions bring new chances 8.________ human development. They encourage us 9.________ (think) more about the world around us. Without these bright minds, we would lose many treasures 10.________ the past. 答案与解析 1. objects 名词复数，heavy and expensive后接可数名词复数，物品。 2. Gradually 副词作状语，句首首字母大写，渐渐地。 3. observation 名词，careful修饰名词，观察。 4. natural 形容词作表语，天然的。 5. but 连词，表转折：新发现改善生活，但一开始遭遇许多困难。 6. surprising 形容词，修饰事物，令人惊讶的。 7. from 介词，get knowledge from… 从……获取知识。 8. to 介词，bring chances to… 给……带来机遇。 9. to think 非谓语，encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事。 10. from 介词，from the past 来自过去。 四、阅读理解 阅读短文，从每题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 The world is full of great inventions. Some change our life little by little, and others bring huge changes right away. Among all these inventions, the compass(指南针) is one of the most important ones from ancient China. Long ago, people travelled mainly by land or by boat. Without the compass, it was hard for them to find the right direction when clouds covered the sun or stars. Early compasses were made of natural stones. They were not easy to carry, and they did not work well in bad weather. Later, Chinese inventors improved the tool. People could make small compasses that were easy to take along. With this tool, sailors could sail far across the sea. Slowly, the compass travelled to other countries. It helped people open up new lands and make new trades(贸易). Today we still use the idea of the compass. Our phones have digital compasses inside. Although the look is different, it still serves the same purpose. It shows us where we are and which way we should go. 1. What was the problem with the early compass? A. It could not work on boats B. It was hard to carry and use well C. It was too expensive to buy D. It could only work at night 2. What does the underlined word “sailors” mean in Chinese? A. 水手 B. 农民 C. 商人 D. 士兵 3. What can we infer(推断) from the passage? A. The compass was invented in foreign countries B. The compass changed people’s travelling greatly C. People used compasses mainly in bad weather D. Old compasses looked the same as phone compasses 4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Phones are more useful than old compasses B. The old compass is completely useless today C. The compass’s idea is still used in modern life D. Digital compasses are made of special stones 5. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Clouds helped people find directions long ago B. The compass spread to other countries slowly C. Ancient people travelled only by boat D. The compass can show people’s age 答案与解析 1. B 细节理解。由第二段“They were not easy to carry, and they did not work well in bad weather.”可知早期指南针不便携带，恶劣天气效果差。 2. A 词义猜测。后文“sail far across the sea”在海上远航，故sailors指水手。 3. B 推理判断。指南针帮助人们远航、开拓新土地，极大改变了出行方式。 4. C 段落主旨。最后一段讲现代手机仍沿用指南针原理。 5. B 细节理解。第三段“Slowly, the compass travelled to other countries.”可知指南针慢慢传到其他国家。 阅读短文，从每题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 Many people think great inventions come from clever scientists in labs. But some useful inventions come from daily needs. The paper bag is a good example. In the 1800s, most people used cloth bags or baskets when they went shopping. Cloth bags were strong, but they were heavy. Baskets were light, but they were easy to break. People wanted something cheap, light and easy to carry. An American woman named Margaret Knight noticed this problem. She watched shop workers pack things every day. She thought of a new way to make paper bags with flat bottoms(平底). The flat‑bottom bags could stand on the ground. They could hold more things than common paper bags. At first, few people believed her idea. Some men even said a woman could not invent such a useful machine. But she kept working. Finally her machine was built and put into use. Soon paper bags became popular all over the country. Today paper bags are still widely used. They are not perfect, but they meet people’s real‑life needs. Great inventions do not always need big surprises. Sometimes they just solve small everyday problems. 1. Why did people need new shopping bags in the 1800s? A. Cloth bags were too expensive B. Baskets were easy to get broken C. Paper bags were already very popular D. No one liked to go shopping 2. What was special about Margaret Knight’s paper bags? A. They were made of cloth B. They had flat bottoms C. They could never break D. They were very heavy 3. What can we learn about Margaret Knight? A. She worked in a big lab B. She gave up her idea easily C. She faced doubt from others D. She invented the first cloth bag 4. What does the writer want to tell us? A. Only scientists can make great inventions B. Women are better at inventing things C. Many inventions come from real‑life needs D. Paper bags are the best invention ever 5. In which part of a magazine can we read this passage? A. Sports B. History & Inventions C. Travel D. Food 答案与解析 1. B 细节理解。第二段“Baskets were light, but they were easy to break.”篮子容易破损。 2. B 细节理解。第三段“She thought of a new way to make paper bags with flat bottoms.”她发明的纸袋带有平底。 3. C 细节理解。第四段“few people believed her idea. Some men even said a woman could not invent such a useful machine.”她遭受他人质疑。 4. C 主旨大意。文章开头点明：很多有用的发明来自日常生活的需求。 5. B 文章出处。全文讲述纸袋的发明历史，属于历史与发明板块。 任务型阅读 阅读短文，根据短文内容，回答下面的问题。 When we talk about great ancient inventions, we often think of paper, the compass and gunpowder. But few people know about the ancient Chinese seismograph(地动仪). It was invented by Zhang Heng in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhang Heng was a great scientist. He noticed that earthquakes happened from time to time. People could not tell where an earthquake came from at that time. So he wanted to build a tool to find out the direction of earthquakes. The seismograph was a large bronze(青铜) machine. It looked like a big cup with eight dragon heads around it. Each dragon held a small ball in its mouth. Under each dragon, there was a toad(蟾蜍) with its mouth open. When an earthquake happened somewhere, the ball from the dragon’s mouth would drop into the toad below. People could know the direction of the earthquake by watching which ball fell down. However, the old seismograph did not work well in all situations. No real copy of Zhang Heng’s seismograph has been found today. People only know about it from old books. Even so, Zhang Heng’s idea showed people’s great wisdom. It tells us that inventions come from careful observation of the world around us. 1. Who invented the ancient Chinese seismograph? ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Why did Zhang Heng want to invent the seismograph? ______________________________________________________________________ 3. What did the seismograph look like? ______________________________________________________________________ 4. What would happen when an earthquake took place? ______________________________________________________________________ 5. What can we learn from Zhang Heng’s invention? ______________________________________________________________________ 答案与解析 1. Zhang Heng. 细节理解。第一段“It was invented by Zhang Heng in the Eastern Han Dynasty.” 2. Because people could not tell where an earthquake came from at that time. 细节理解。第二段“People could not tell where an earthquake came from at that time. So he wanted to build a tool to find out the direction of earthquakes.” 3. It looked like a big cup with eight dragon heads around it. 细节理解。第三段“It looked like a big cup with eight dragon heads around it.” 4. The ball from the dragon’s mouth would drop into the toad below. 细节理解。第三段“When an earthquake happened somewhere, the ball from the dragon’s mouth would drop into the toad below.” 5. Inventions come from careful observation of the world around us. 主旨理解。文章结尾“It tells us that inventions come from careful observation of the world around us.” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $