Unit 2 Sports and Fitness (知识清单) 英语北师大版必修第一册

该高中英语单元知识清单围绕“Sports and Fitness”主题，系统梳理词汇（含阅读、写作、变形、拓展及熟词生义）、语法（定语从句、不定代词、句子结构）、写作（故事类写作框架与素材）及阅读训练等核心内容，为学生搭建从基础词汇积累到综合语言运用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“词汇分类+语法精讲+写作模板+易错点辨析”的多维架构呈现知识体系，如词汇变形部分关联词性转换规律，定语从句模块标注“宜用that/which的6种情况”等重难点，写作设计“时间-地点-情节”框架及过渡语素材，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特别设有“一句话辨异”“速记口诀”等记忆技巧，如defeat/beat/win的用法对比，辅助不同基础学生高效掌握，教师可直接用于课堂教学与个性化辅导，提升教学实效。

Unit 2 Sports and Fitness 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1．badminton n. _____________ 2．golf n. _____________ 3．gymnastics n. _____________ 4．bowling n. _____________ 5．skateboard n. _____________ vi. _____________ 6．stair n. _____________ 7．net n. _____________ 8．court n. _____________ 9．underdog n. _____________ 10．shot n. _____________ 11．bench n. _____________ 12．replacement n. _____________ 13．boxing n. _____________ 14．bounce vi. & vt. _____________ 15．halfway adv. _____________ 16．system n. _____________ 17．membership n. _____________ 18．oxygen n. _____________ 19．guideline n. _____________ 20．click vi. & vt. _____________ 21．principle n. _____________ 22．shortcut n. _____________ 23．overnight adv. _____________ 24．muscle n. _____________ 25．bone n. _____________ 二、写作词汇： 1．．_____________ n. 运动员 2．_____________ n. 跑道 3．_____________ n. 日常饮食 4．_____________ vt. (在比赛、战争中)战胜，打败 5．_____________ n. 公司；一群人 6．_____________ n. 冠军，第一名 7．_____________ adj. 额外的，另外的 8．_____________ vi. & vt. 鼓掌，拍手 9．_____________ vt. 赢得；博得 10．_____________ n. 观众；听众 11．_____________ vt. 使(某人)想起，提醒 12．_____________ n. 状况，场合；事例，实例 13．_____________ vi. & vt. 咬 14．_____________ vi. & vt. 停止(做某事) 15．_____________ n. 建议，忠告，窍门 16．_____________ adj. 一周一次的，每周的 17．_____________ n. 疾病 18．_____________ vi. 流，流动 n. 流动 19．_____________ n. 细节 20．_____________ n. 汗水 21．_____________ n. 视野 22．_____________ n. 奖牌；勋章 23．_____________ vt. 预防；阻止，阻挡 三、词汇变形： 1._____________ n. 发生的频率，发生率→_____________ adj. 频繁的；时常发生的 →_____________ adv. 频繁地，经常 2._____________ vt. 更喜欢→_____________ n. 偏爱，倾向；优先权 3._____________ n. 力量，活力→_____________ adj. 精力充沛的→_____________ adv. 精力充沛地 4._____________ n. 通告，公告→_____________ vt. 宣布；通告→_____________ n. 宣告者；播音员 5._____________ vt. 占用，占去(时间)→_____________ adj. 忙于……的；有人使用的；已被占用的→_____________ n. 职业；占领 6._____________ n. 失望；扫兴；沮丧→_____________ vt. 使失望→_____________ adj. 令人失望的→_____________ adj. 失望的；沮丧的 7._____________ adv. 惊人地，了不起地→_____________ adj. 令人惊奇的 →_____________ adj. 大为惊奇的，惊讶的→_____________ n. 惊奇，惊愕 8._____________ vt. 减轻，缓解→_____________ n. 减轻，缓解；宽慰 9._____________ vi. & vt. (使)强健→_____________ n. 力气；优势→_____________ adj. 强壮的→_____________ adv. 坚定地；强有力地；强烈地 10._____________ n. 好处，益处→_____________ adj. 有好处的，有益的 11._____________ adj. 可完成的；做得成的→_____________ v. 实现，获得 →_____________ n. 成就 12._____________ n. 满足，满意→_____________ vt. 使满意→/ adj. 令人满意的 →_____________ adj. 满意的 13._____________ n. 回答，答复→_____________ v. 回答，回复 14._____________ n. 激励，鼓舞；给人以灵感的人/物；灵感→_____________ vt. 激发；鼓舞；使产生(感觉或情感)→_____________ adj. 得到灵感的；能力卓越的 →_____________ adj. 鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的 15._____________ n. 渴望→_____________ adj. 期望得到的，希望实现的 →_____________ adj. 令人满意的；值得拥有的 16._____________ adj. 一年一度的，每年的→_____________ adv. 每年，一年一次地 四、拓展词汇 后缀­ation高频名词集锦 ①_____________ 期待；预料 ②_____________ 考虑；深思 ③_____________ 庆祝；庆典 ④_____________ 欣赏；感激 ⑤_____________ 鼓舞；灵感 ABC式过去式、过去分词变化 ①arise→_____________→_____________ ②drive→_____________→_____________ ③ride→_____________→_____________ ④rise→_____________→_____________ ⑤write→_____________→_____________ all相关短语大全 ①_____________ 总的说来 ②_____________ 首先；最重要的是 ③_____________ 总共；合计 ④_____________ 一点也不；到底；究竟 ⑤_____________ 首先；第一 ⑥_____________ 毕竟；究竟 五、熟词生义 Ⅰ.一词多义 1．attach A.vt.贴上；附上　B．vt.认为有(重要性等)　 C．vt.使依恋　D．v.使成为一部分，使附属 (1)Do you attach much importance to what he says？_____________ (2)This middle school is attached to a normal college._____________ (3)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Our roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and nose._____________ (4)Ever since the last date, she has been deeply attached to that boy._____________ 2．put up A.张贴　B．建造　C．举起　D．留宿　E．提出 (1)He put up his hand to ask a question._____________ (2)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017._____________ (3)Would you be able to put me up for the night when I come to London？_____________ (4)Clare first put up the idea of holding a concert to raise money for the school.__________ (5)(2023·全国甲卷)I've moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures._____________ 3．account A.n.描述，叙述　B．n.账目，账户　C．n.考虑 D．v.解释，说明　E．v.占……比例 (1)Recent pressure at work may account for his abnormal behavior._____________ (2)(2023·全国乙卷)When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non－literate societies such as these, all our first－hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue._____________ (3)She sticks to putting the money into her saving account．_____________ (4)In the school shop, students account for 50% of the customers._____________ (5)The direction of the prevailing winds (盛行风) should be taken into account．_________ Ⅱ.语境猜词 1． The experts all believe that this painting is the right original of the famous painter.___ 2． [点拨]original (熟义) adj.原来的；在本句中用作名词，意为“原作”。 2．I'm sure this tie suits you well._____________ [点拨]suit (熟义) n．套装；在本句中用作动词，意为“相配；合身”。 3．Such a boat is only fit for a calm sea._____________ [点拨]calm(熟义) vt.使平静；在本句中用作形容词，意为“风平浪静的”。 六、重点短语词块 第一组　课本重点短语 1._____________ 总而言之，总的来说 2._____________ 网上冲浪，浏览因特网 3._____________ 搜索引擎 4._____________ 有时；偶尔；间或 5._____________ 起居室 6._____________ 按……所说，根据 7._____________ 亲自 8._____________ 获得成功，取得进步 9._____________ (身体或精神上)遭受……(痛苦) 10._____________ 换句话说 11._____________ 坦白说，坦率地说 12._____________ 各种各样的 13._____________ 放弃 14._____________ 对付，处理，应付 15._____________ 对……负责 16._____________ 此刻，目前，眼下 17._____________ (doing) sth. 期待，盼望 18._____________ 从……毕业 19._____________ ……以及…… 20._____________ 适应某事 21._____________ 易于做某事 第二组　课文必背词块 1.a big part of my life __________________________ 2.chat too much with online friends __________________________ 3.meet friends in person __________________________ 4.set goals for myself __________________________ 5.quite an experience __________________________ 6.a “go­getter” __________________________ 7.think actively __________________________ 8.a top 10 reading list __________________________ 9.start a new lifestyle __________________________ 10.all sorts of exciting things __________________________ 写作 句型 1．在他们看来，我可能无法判断这些人是否是真朋友，这是危险的。(that引导同位语从句) According to them, there is a danger ____________________________________________． 2．我在所有课上总是专心听讲并积极思考，这样放学后我就有更多可支配的时间做我感兴趣的事情。(so that引导目的状语从句) I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, __________________________ __________________________． 3．常言道，“分秒必争！”(as引导定语从句) __________________________, “Every minute counts！” 4．然而，并不是所有的事情都如张天所愿。(部分否定) However, __________________________ lived up to Zhang Tian's hopes. 5．体育课是孩子们最喜欢的课程，这并不奇怪！(it is＋adj.＋that引导的主语从句) __________________________ PE is the kids' favourite subject! 语法 定语从句之关系代词、不定代词、句子结构2 写作 A True Story 一、知识点精讲 track n．轨道；足迹，踪迹；小道 vt.&vi.(tracked, tracked, tracking)追踪 【词汇拓展】 (1)keep track of记录…… keep to the track顺着道儿走 on the track of跟踪，追赶，尾随 lose track of不了解，与……失去联系 thousands of miles of track数千英里的轨道 follow one's tracks循着某人的足迹 be on the right/wrong track思路正确/错误；在正确/错误的轨道上 track and field田径运动 (2)track down追踪到 (3)track through 穿过去 balanced adj.均衡的　balance n. 均衡；权衡[C]pl. balances 天平；余额 vt.(balanced, balanced, balancing) 权衡；平衡 【词汇拓展】 (1)keep/lose one's balance 　保持/失去平衡 keep a balance between... and... 保持……与……的平衡 a sense of balance 平衡感 (2)balance A against B 权衡/斟酌/比较A和B balance between... and... 平衡……与…… replacement n．替换的人(物)[replace vt. (replaced, replaced, replacing) 代替；取代；把……放回原处] 【词汇拓展】 (1)replace... with/by...　用……替换…… replace... as... 取代……而成为…… (2)take the place of sb＝take sb's place　代替某人 in place of 代替 desire n．[C，U]渴望；欲望；渴求 vt. (desired, desired, desiring) 希望得到；想要 【词汇拓展】 (1)desire to do sth 渴望做某事 desire sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 desire that...(should) do sth 渴望……做某事 (2)have a strong desire to do sth/for sth 迫切要做某事/急于得到某物 have no desire to do sth 不想做某事 crowd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.(crowded, crowded, crowding)挤满；使……拥挤 vi. 涌进；蜂拥而至 【词汇拓展】 (1)a crowd of/crowds of一大群；很多 the crowd 人群 (2)crowd in (on) sb (想法、问题等)涌上(某人)心头；涌入(某人)脑海 crowd into 涌入 be crowded with 挤满 defence n．防守队员；后卫 【词汇拓展】 (1)in defence of为了保卫 (2)defend... from/against保护……免受……伤害 defend sb with... 用……保护某人 (3)in one's defence 为某人辩护 remind v．(reminded, reminded, reminding) 提醒，使……想起 【词汇拓展】 remind sb of (doing) sth 提醒某人(做)某事/使某人想起(做)某事 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 remind (sb) that/how/what... 提醒(某人)…… amazingly adv.惊人地；了不起地　amaze vt.(amazed，amazement)使大为吃惊，使惊奇 【词汇拓展】 (1)be amazed at/by... 对……感到惊讶 be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇 (2)in amazement 惊讶地 to one's amazement 让某人惊讶的是 occupy vt. (occupied, occupied, occupying) 占用；占领；占据 【词汇拓展】 (1)occupy oneself with sth/in doing sth忙于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事 (2)be occupied in doing sth 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth 忙于某事 keep sb/oneself occupied 使某人/自己忙碌 relieve vt.(relieved, relieved, relieving)减轻，缓解；解除 【词汇拓展】 (1)relieve sb of... 解除某人……方面的负担 (2)to one's relief 令某人感到欣慰的是 with relief 宽慰地 in relief 如释重负；松了口气 give sb relief from pain 使某人减轻痛苦 for the relief of... 为了救济…… breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气 sigh with relief 宽慰地舒一口气 What a relief! 可轻松了！ It is a relief to do sth 做某事很放心/舒心 strengthen v．(strengthened, strengthened, strengthening)加强 【词汇拓展】 build up one's strength/body 强身健体 strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点 with all one's strength 用尽全力 have the strength to do sth 有勇气/力气做某事 The strength of... is that... ……的优点是…… particular n．尤其；特别 adj.特定的 【词汇拓展】 be particular about/over 对……讲究/挑剔 be particular to do sth 特地做某事 in particular尤其；特别 benefit n. [C] (pl. benefits)& [U]好处；利益；优势 vt.&vi.(benefited/benefitted, benefited/benefitted, benefiting/benefitting) 有益于；有助于；受益 【词汇拓展】 (1)benefit from/by... 从……中受益；得益于…… benefit sb 对某人有益 (2)be of (great) benefit to...＝be (very) beneficial to... 对……(非常)有益；(非常)有益于…… for the benefit of... 为了……的利益 capable adj. 有能力的 【词汇拓展】 (1)be capable of (doing)... 　有(做)……的能力 (2)a capacity to do/of (doing)...　有(做)……的能力 have a capacity of　有……容积/容量 prevent v．(prevented, prevented, preventing) 阻挡，防止 【词汇拓展】 表“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的搭配： 阻止某人做某事 ban/forbid sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事 amount n．数量；数额 v．(amounted, amounted, amounting)总计；相当于 【词汇拓展】 (1)a large/small amount of＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词 large/small amounts of＋不可数名词＋复数谓语动词 in amount 在数量上 (2)amount to 等于；相当于；意味着；总计；共计 sight n. 视野(同view) 【词汇拓展】 catch sight of望见；看到 lose sight of看不见 come into sight进入视野；映入眼帘 at first sight乍一看 at the sight of看到 out of sight看不到 in/within sight 在视野内 response n．回答；答复 【词汇拓展】 (1)in response to作为对……的答复/反应 make/give a response to对……作出回应/反应 make/give no response没有回应 (2)respond to回答，回复；对……作出反应 respond with应对；回复 respond that回答…… 二、核心语法精讲 定语从句 一、概念 定语从句：在复合句中，作定语，用来修饰某一名词(名词性短语)或代词的从句叫定语从句。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 关系词：连接主句和从句的词叫关系词(关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why)。 二、关系代词的用法 先行词 关系代词 在从句中所作成分 人 who 主语，宾语，表语 whom 宾语 that 主语，宾语，表语 whose 定语 物 that 主语，宾语，表语 which 主语，宾语 whose 定语 1.先行词是人，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that，且不可省略。 We are worrying about the people who/that have suffered from the disease in the area. 我们担心这个地区遭受疾病折磨的人们。 [温馨提示] 先行词是人时，宜用who不宜用that的情况 ①当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，ones，anyone等。 Anyone who aims to get ahead must work hard. 任何想成功的人都必须努力。 ②当先行词是人称代词I，you，he，they等时(常用于谚语中)。 He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。 ③当先行词为指人的those时。 Those who have good manners will be highly respected. 那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。 ④在there be结构中，先行词指人时。 There is a young man who wants to buy a skateboard. 有一个年轻人想买个滑板。 2．先行词是人，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用who/that/whom，可省略。 He is the expert (who/that/whom) I mentioned to you yesterday. 他就是我昨天给你提到的那个专家。 [温馨提示] 关系词在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，只能用whom，且不可省略。 This is the voluntary teacher from whom we’ve learned a lot. 这就是我们从他那里学到了很多知识的那位支教老师。 3．先行词是人，关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，用whose。 Do you know the girl whose Chinese is excellent？你认识那个汉语非常优秀的姑娘吗？ [温馨提示] whose指代人时，常用下列结构来代替： I will talk to those students whose homework hasn’t been done on schedule. ＝I will talk to those students，the homework of whom hasn’t been done on schedule. ＝I will talk to those students，of whom the homework hasn’t been done on schedule. 我要和那些没完成作业的学生谈话。 4．先行词是物，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用which/that，且不可省略。 He is working in the company which/that was opened in 1870. 他现在在那个1870年开始运作的公司工作。 5．先行词是物，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用which/that，可省略。 The gold medal (which/that) she won has been given to her old school. 她曾经获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。 [温馨提示] (1)宜用that不宜用which的情况 ①当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词时。 All that can be done has been done. 一切能做的都已经做完了。 ②当先行词被all，every，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。 Music is the only thing that interests me. 音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。 ③当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。 ④当先行词中既有人又有物时。 She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。 ⑤当先行词前面出现who，which等疑问代词时，为了避免重复。 Who is the boy that is playing computer games there? 在那里玩电脑游戏的那个男孩是谁？ Which is the book that you are interested in? 你感兴趣的书是哪本？ (2)宜用which不宜用that的情况 ①关系代词前有介词时。 The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.我过去住的房子现在变成了一家鞋店。 ②在非限制性定语从句中。 Have you ever read the book，which was written by a young girl? 你读过一个年轻女孩写的这本书吗？ 6．先行词是物，关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，用whose。 He volunteered to join in the activity whose aim is to help those who are in trouble. 他志愿加入这个活动，活动的目的是帮助那些处于困难中的人。 [温馨提示] whose指物时，常用下列结构来代替： He volunteered to join in the activity whose aim is to help those who are in trouble. ＝He volunteered to join in the activity，the aim of which is to help those who are in trouble. ＝He volunteered to join in the activity，of which the aim is to help those who are in trouble. 三、使用定语从句的注意事项 1．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的人称和数保持一致。 Those who are over 45 years old won’t be permitted to go into the hall. 超过45岁的人不允许进入大厅。 [温馨提示] “one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。 This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens. 这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书的其中一本。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned to play golf. 他是我们班里唯一一个学过高尔夫球的男孩。 2．为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。 This is the apartment which he bought last year.(bought后不可加it) 这就是他去年买的那所公寓。 【即时训练】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Our English teacher is a person is energetic and friendly. 2．The film you are looking forward to seeing will be on next week. 3．The girl father is an editor goes jogging regularly. 4．This is a new kind of car parts are of high quality. 5．We’d better forget the persons and things put us under pressure. Ⅱ.完成句子 6．At the same time，their mother went out to buy the paper bags . 同时，他们的妈妈出去买回了他们需要的纸袋。 7．Much sooner than expected，he returned with an empty basket and so much money . 比预计的早很多，他回来了，带着空空的篮子和从来也没有见过的那么多的钱。 8．The athlete was badly hurt in the match recovered in the end. 在那次比赛中脚严重受伤的那名运动员最终康复了。 9．Opportunity only favors those . 机会只眷顾那些有准备的人。 不定代词 不定代词是不具体指代某个特定名词的代词。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 一、常见不定代词 可数/不可数 不定代词 代替可数名词 one，each，many，another，other，either，neither，(a) few 代替不可数名词 much，(a) little 代替可数/不可数名词 none，any，all，some 复合不定代词 anyone，anybody，anything；someone，somebody，something；everyone，everybody，everything；nobody，no one，nothing (1)I’m not satisfied with everything that he did. 对他做的事情我并不是都满意。 (2)Someone/Somebody is waiting for you at the campus. 有人在校园里等你。 (3)But I don’t know anyone/anybody in the company. 但是在这个公司里我谁也不认识。 (4)Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 (5)The boxing match will be held in September，but nobody/no one knows the date for sure. 拳击赛将在九月份举行，但没有人知道确切的日期。 二、几组常见不定代词的区别 1．many，much，few，a few，little，a little 区别 意义　　 许多 有点/些(表示肯定) 几乎没有(表示否定) 可数 many a few few 不可数 much a little little (1)I have a lot of friends but I don’t have much money. 我有很多朋友，但是我没有很多钱。 (2)Just as the saying goes，many hands make light work. 俗话说：“人多力量大”。 (3)The expert’s theory is so difficult that few people can understand and accept it. 这位专家的理论很深奥，很少有人会理解并接受它。 (4)In this way they can make the trip with just a little money. 用这种方式，他们只要一点钱就能去旅游。 2．another，other，the other，others，the others 不定代词 词义 用法 another 另一个，又一个 用于三者或三者以上中的另一个，后接可数名词单数 other 其他的，另外的 后接复数名词 the other 两者中的另一个 常与one连用，构成one...the other...一个……另一个…… others 泛指别的人或物 是other的复数形式，不能作定语，常构成some...others... the others 特指其余的人或物 是the other 的复数形式，常构成some...the others... (1)We have two hands.One is on the left，the other is on the right. 我们有两只手。一只在左边，另一只在右边。 (2)There are 40 students in our class.Three are American，and the others/the other students are Chinese. 我们班有40个学生，3个是美国人，剩下的都是中国人。 (3)I have eaten an apple，but I still want another (apple)． 我已经吃了一个苹果了，但是我还想要一个。 (4)Some students like English while other students/others like physics. 一些学生喜欢英语而另外的一些学生喜欢物理。 3．it，one，the one，ones，the ones，that，those 不定代词 用法 it 代替前面出现的可数名词单数，前面提到的某件事情、某种情况、某个动作以避免重复，也可以代替动词不定式短语、名词短语等 one 用来代替前面提到的可数名词单数或a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数，为泛指，指“同类当中的某一个” the one 用来代替前面提到的可数名词单数，为特指 ones 用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数，为泛指 the ones 用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数，为特指，相当于those that 代替前面提到的“the＋不可数名词”，也可代替前面提到的“the＋可数名词单数”，这时可以和the one 互换，往往表示和前面的名词是同类但不同个 those 代替前面出现的可数名词复数，避免重复，且表示特指，后有定语修饰，可与the ones通用 (1)A house which is built of bricks lasts longer than the one that is made of woods. 用砖建造的房子比用木头建造的房子耐用。 (2)As we all know，the population of Beijing is larger than that of Jinan. 众所周知，北京的人口比济南的人口多。 (3)The athletes of this team are more dynamic and confident than those/the ones of that team. 这个队的运动员比那个队的运动员更有活力、更自信。 (4)There are various laptops in the store，and I want to buy one. 商店里有各种各样的笔记本电脑，我想买一台。 (5)I like your skateboard very much.Can you lend it to me? 我很喜欢你的滑板。你能借我用用吗？ 4．both，neither，either 不定代词 意义 在句中所作成分 谓语动词的形式 both 两者都 作主语、宾语、定语或同位语，可以和of短语连用 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 neither 两者都不 作主语、宾语及定语，可以和of短语连用 作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式 either 两者中任一个 作主语、宾语及定语，可以和of短语连用 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 (1)She invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们两个都参加她的生日宴会。 (2)It was hard for him to learn English in a family，in which neither of the parents spoke the language. 对他来说在一个父母都不说英语的家庭中，学英语很难。 (3)You can choose either of the topics，but do not attempt both. 你可以选择任意的一个话题，但不能两个都选。 【即使训练】 1．Jack and Tom are good friends and are in the same class. 2．The cost of buying a house in Beijing is higher than in Xi’an. 3．To stay energetic，he finished a cup of tea and ordered . 4．Larry asked Bill and Peter to go jogging with him，but of them wanted to. 5．He bought an apartment and he was very satisfied with . 6．On Sundays，some people go to play basketball，and stay at home watching TV. 7．You can ask anyone here for help. here is willing to lend you a hand. 8．Can’t we do more tough and challenging？ 句子成分和句子结构 一、句子成分 主语 (S)：句子叙述的主体，通常由名词、代词或动名词等充当。 谓语动词 (V)：表示主语的动作或状态，是句子的灵魂。 宾语 (O)：动作的承受者，分为直接宾语和间接宾语。 表语 (P)：位于系动词之后，说明主语的身份、特征或状态。 宾语补足语 (OC)：补充说明宾语，使句意完整。 二、五种基本句型结构 英语中所有复杂句子都源于以下五种基本句型： 句型 结构公式 核心特点 例句 1. 主谓 (SV) S + Vi. (不及物动词) 动词本身能表达完整意思，无需接宾语。 Birds sing. The sun rose. 2. 主谓宾 (SVO) S + Vt. (及物动词) + O 动词必须接动作的承受者（宾语）。 I love English. She bought a car. 3. 主系表 (SVP) S + Link-V. + P 动词是系动词（be, seem, look, become等），后接表语说明主语。 He is a teacher. 4. 主谓双宾 (SVOO) S + Vt. + IO(间接宾语) + DO(直接宾语) 动词后接人（间接宾语）和物（直接宾语）。 My mother gave me a gift. (me=IO, a gift=DO) 5. 主谓宾宾补 (SVOC) S + Vt. + O + OC 动词接了宾语后，还需补充说明宾语的状态或动作。 We made him our monitor. I saw him reading. 二、重难点辨析 SVP vs. SVO：重点看谓语动词是实义动词还是系动词。如：She looks happy. (SVP) ；She looks at the blackboard. (SVO，因为look at是实义动词短语，at the blackboard作状语而非宾语？注意：介词宾语属于状语范畴，此处结构实为SVO，但介词短语整体作状语，更准确说这里是“主谓状”，但在高中阶段我们通常仍视作“主谓宾”结构，因为at the blackboard是介词短语作状语。更严谨判断：核心看动词性质，若为不及物动词加介词构成的动词短语，可按SVO处理。） SVOO vs. SVOC：关键看宾语与后面的词是否存在逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系。 She gave him a book. (him和a book无逻辑主谓关系 → SVOO) She made him happy. (him is happy 有逻辑主表关系 → SVOC) 【即时训练】 判断下列句子属于哪种基本句型（写出对应编号：SV, SVO, SVP, SVOO, SVOC） 1.The weather gets warmer and warmer. _________________________________________ 2.He offered me his seat. _________________________________________ 3.The children are playing happily in the park. _________________________________________ 4.We find the story very interesting. _________________________________________ 5.She speaks English fluently. _________________________________________ 二、将下列单词或短语重新排序，组成符合英语基本句型的完整句子（每题2分，共10分） 1.him / made / the team / captain / We _________________________________________ 2.my sister / a letter / wrote / Last week / to me (注意：此题考察双宾语结构，请用SVOO结构重组) _________________________________________ 3.looks / the soup / delicious / very _________________________________________ 4.in the morning / woke up / The baby / late _________________________________________ 5.a beautiful song / sang / the singer / the audience (用SVOO结构) _________________________________________ 单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元的写作任务是写一则故事。在写作时注意以下几个方面： (1)严格按照要求完成各个信息要点，注意故事的完整性。 (2)常用的人称为第一人称和第三人称。用第一人称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历；用第三人称是以观察者的身份展开叙述；要根据具体情况合理选用。 (3)正确运用时态。讲述已经发生的故事，记叙文的基本时态为一般过去时和过去进行时，但也要注意灵活运用其他时态。 (4)在叙述事情时，可以采用顺叙、倒叙、插叙三种叙述方式。在叙述过程中要重视句子间的衔接，用好过渡语。 常用表达： (1)交代时间的常用表达：one day；the other day；last week；when I was...years old；a long time ago；on a dark，rainy night；on the weekend；once upon a time；during the summer holidays (2)交代地点的常用表达： (3)on the way to school；on the way home；at the crossing；at the foot of the mountain；at the airport (4)交代时间，地点和相关人物的典型句型： (5)Sb.was/were doing...in someplace when...，某人正在某地做……这时…… (6)Sb.was/were about to do...when...＝ Sb.was/were on the point of doing...when...，某人正要做……这时…… (7)Sb.had just done...when...某人刚刚做了……这时…… (8)推动情节发展(事情经过) (9)then，suddenly，immediately，while，when，as，not...until... (10)介绍故事的结果或谈自己的感想 ①Personally，I think that... ②What surprised/attracted/delighted us most was that... ③Tired as we were，we learned what we couldn’t learn in/at school. ④Through this meaningful activity，we learned something that can’t be learned in class. ⑤I was deeply impressed/moved/touched by... ⑥What an unforgettable experience! ⑦As the saying goes... ⑧This may be the most unforgettable experience of my life. ⑨Helping others is the source of happiness. ⑩Now，I think it is a really successful experience，and I totally understand...means. 2. 写作框架 3. 写作素材 假定你是李华，请根据下面的提示写一篇短文。内容包括： 1．上周日我和同学张伟去看羽毛球比赛直播，在去球场的路上看到一位老人躺在地上。 2．我坐在老人身边照看着他，张伟打电话叫了救护车。 3．我们决定和老人一起去医院，等老人的儿子来了我们才离开。 4．我们错过了看羽毛球比赛，但是一点也不后悔，我们为自己做的事感到自豪。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头已给出，不计入总词数。 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 写作要求是写一个真实的故事。写作时应注意下面几点： 1．确定文体：这是一篇记叙文，写作时应注意记叙文的常规格式； 2．主体时态：文章应以一般过去时和过去进行时为主； 3．主体人称：由于是写发生在自己身上的故事，所以人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。 [谋篇] 第一段：交代故事发生的背景； 第二段：叙述故事的过程和结局； 第三段：表达对整个故事的感想。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心词汇] 1． 在去球场的路上 2． 走近些 3． 照顾 4． 错过了比赛 5． 为……感到自豪 6． 幸福的源泉 [连词成句] 1．我们在去球场的路上正走着。 . 2．我们看到一位老人在路上躺着。 . 3．我们走近了一些。 . 4．我们发现他伤得很重。 We found that . 5．直到老人的儿子到达，我们才离开。 We didn’t leave . 6．我们为我们所做的事情感到骄傲。 . 7．我们明白了帮助别人是幸福的源泉。 . 第三步　句式升级 1．请把第一和第二句话按下面括号内的提示合成一句话。 . (be doing...when...，某人正在做……这时……) 2．请把第三和第四句话按下面括号内的提示合成一句话。 (1) ，we found that he was badly injured.(when引导时间状语从句) (2) ，we found that he was badly injured.(现在分词短语作状语) 3．请按下面括号内的提示改写第五句话。 N .(部分倒装句型) 4．请把第六和第七句话按下面括号内的提示合成一句话。 .(not only...but also...) 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。 参考范文 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 易错点01 defeat / beat / win / earn 的区别 【一句话辨异】Our team defeated the strong opponent (打败了对手) and won the championship (赢得了冠军), which earned us great respect (为我们赢得了尊重), though we had never beaten them in the previous three years (此前三年从未击败过他们). 【错因辨析】 动词 用法 例句 defeat 战胜（对手/队伍），后接人/团队 We defeated the visiting team 3:0. beat 打败（对手），后接人/团队；也可指"心跳/敲打" He beat me in the final match. win 赢得（比赛/奖牌/荣誉），后接事/物 She won the gold medal. earn 赢得/博得（尊重/名声）；挣得（钱） His performance earned him great respect. 【速记】 defeat / beat + 人/队伍（打败某人） win + 比赛/奖牌/荣誉（赢得某物） earn + 尊重/名声/金钱（博得/赚得抽象事物） 【对点训练】 1.The underdog team ______ the champion in the final. A. won B. defeated C. earned 2.She ______ the first prize in the national competition. A. won B. beat C. defeated 3.His kindness ______ him a good reputation among the villagers. A. won B. defeated C. earned 易错点02 prevent / protect / defend 的区别 【一句话辨异】 To prevent the spread of the virus (防止病毒传播), we should protect ourselves from infection by wearing masks (保护自己免受感染), and the medical workers are fighting bravely to defend the city against the disease (保卫这座城市抵御疾病). 【错因辨析】 动词 用法 搭配 例句 prevent 阻止/防止（某事发生） prevent sb/sth from doing Regular exercise can prevent us from getting fat.（预防发胖） protect 保护（免受伤害） protect sb/sth from/against Wearing a helmet can protect your head from injury.（保护头部免受伤害） defend 保卫/防守（对抗攻击） defend sb/sth from/against； in defence of The team defended well in the second half.（防守）＝ The team played in defence of their goal. 【速记口诀】 prevent + 事情（阻止某事发生） → prevent sb/sth from doing protect + 人或物（保护其免受伤害） → protect sb/sth from/against defend + 目标（保卫/防守，对抗攻击） → defend sb/sth from/against；in defence of 【对点训练】 1.Eating more vegetables helps ______ us from many diseases. A. prevent B. protect C. defend 2.The soldiers fought bravely in ______ of their country. A. prevention B. protection C. defence 易错点03 to be frank / in other words / according to / in person 的用法辨析 【一句话辨异】 To be frank (坦白说), I don't fully agree with the coach's decision; in other words (换句话说), I think he should have given the young player a chance. But according to (根据) the team rules, the final say belongs to him, and he will announce the lineup in person (亲自) at the press conference tomorrow. 【错因辨析】 短语 含义 在句中的位置与作用 例句 to be frank 坦白说 插入语，通常置于句首，用逗号隔开 To be frank, I don't think he can win the match.（坦白说） in other words 换句话说 插入语，用于解释或重述前文 He is an underdog. In other words, nobody expects him to win.（换句话说） according to 根据…… 后接信息来源，不接第一人称（不说 according to me） According to the coach, the team will start training next week.（根据教练所说） in person 亲自 副词短语，修饰动词，表"亲自做某事" The champion received the medal in person.（亲自） 【速记口诀】 to be frank → 坦白说（句首插入语，表坦诚观点） in other words → 换句话说（用于解释或重述前文） according to → 根据……（后接信息来源，不接第一人称） in person → 亲自（副词短语，修饰动作） 【对点训练】 1.______, I don't believe he can break the record. A. In person B. To be frank C. According to 2.______ me, it is important to keep a balanced diet. A. According to B. To be frank C. To 3.The manager will attend the press conference ______. A. in person B. in other words C. to be frank 易错点04 not everything / not all / not every（部分否定的句式辨析） 【一句话辨异】Not all sports are suitable for everyone (并非所有运动都适合每个人), and not every athlete can become a champion (并非每位运动员都能成为冠军); not everything the coach said was practical (教练说的并非全都实用), but most of his advice was truly inspiring. 【错因辨析】 结构 后接名词 谓语动词 例句 not everything 不可数名词或单数概念 单数 Not everything the coach said was right. not all 复数名词或不可数名词 与名词一致 Not all athletes are professional. not every 单数名词 单数 Not every sport suits everyone. 【速记口诀】 not all + 复数/不可数名词 → 并非所有……（谓语与名词一致） not every + 单数名词 → 并非每个……（谓语单数） not everything → 并非每件事……（谓语单数，后接不可数或单数概念） 【对点训练】 1.______ that he said at the meeting was practical, but some was really inspiring. A. Not all B. Not everything C. Not every 2.______ exercise is suitable for people with heart disease. A. Not all B. Not every C. Not everything 易错点05 定语从句：关系代词的混用 【错因辨析】 【宜用 that 的6种情况】（高频考点） ①先行词为不定代词（all, little, much, something, anything, nothing等） ②先行词被 the only, the very, the last 等修饰 ③先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰 ④先行词既有人又有物 ⑤主句以 who 或 which 开头（避免重复） ⑥关系代词在从句中作表语 【宜用 which 的2种情况】 ①关系代词前有介词（in which, of which等） ②引导非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开） 【对点训练】 1.The only thing ______ really matters to an athlete is the performance on the court. A. which B. that C. what 2.The stadium ______ the final match was held can hold 80,000 people. A. in which B. which C. that 3.The team won the championship, ______ was beyond everyone's expectation. A. that B. which C. what 4.They talked about the coaches and the training methods ______ were unique to their club. A. that B. which C. who 易错点06 other / another / the other / others / the others 【一句话辨异】Among all the sports in the Olympic Games, some are individual events like tennis, while others are team events like basketball（一些……另一些……，泛指）; another sport worth mentioning is skateboarding, which made its debut recently（另一个，三者以上中的又一个）; and among the two most popular events, one is athletics, and the other is swimming（两者中的另一个）. Of the 50 athletes on our team, 20 have participated before, and the others are freshmen（特定范围内的其余人）. We also have other sports clubs besides these（其他的，后接复数名词作定语）. 【错因辨析】 不定代词 含义 范围 数量 another 另一个（泛指） 三者以上 单个 the other 另一个（特指） 两者之间 单个 others 另一些（泛指） 不限定 复数 the others 其余的（特指） 特定范围 复数 other 其他的（作定语） 不限定 后接复数名词 【速记口诀】 两者之间用 one...the other； 三者以上用 one...another...the other； 泛指用 some...others； 特指用 some...the others。 【对点训练】 1.There are two pools. One is for professionals, and ______ is for beginners. A. another B. the other C. others 2.Some athletes are training, and ______ are resting. A. the other B. another C. others 3.The coach needs ______ two volunteers. A. other B. the other C. another 一、单元知识回顾 1．写出与prefer/preference相关的短语 (1)______________宁愿做某事；更喜欢做某事 (2) ______________ 宁愿做A而不愿做B (3)______________对……偏爱 2．写出与shape相关的短语 (1)keep/be in shape ______________ (2)out of shape ______________ (3)in the shape of ______________ 3．写出与try相关的短语 (1)______________争取成为；参加选拔 (2)______________试验；测试；尝试 (3)______________试穿 (4)______________尽力 (5)______________努力/企图做…… 4．写出与desire相关的短语 (1)______________渴望做某事 (2)______________满足某人的愿望 5．写出与let 相关的短语 (1)let sb.down______________ (2)let out______________ (3)let alone______________ (4)let sb.alone______________ (5)let go of______________ 6．写出与keep 相关的短语 (1)keep up with______________ (2)keep up______________ (3)keep off ______________ (4)keep away from______________ (5)keep in touch with______________ 7．写出与defence相关的短语 (1)in defence of______________ (2)come to one’s defence ______________ (3)in one’s defence ______________ (4)defend...against/from (doing...)______________ 8． 写出与sight相关的短语 (1)______________看见 (2)______________看不见 (3)______________初看时 (4)______________一看见……就…… (5)______________看得见，在视野范围内 (6)______________看不见 二、词汇运用 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．She has a strong ____________ (渴望) to study abroad, but her family can't afford it. 2．All the children are too active to keep still because they are full of ____________ (精力)． 3．All the ____________ (观众) were moved into tears since the lecture was too moving. 4．I think the medicine will soon ____________ (缓解) your sharp pain in the head. 5．Children usually get sick easily because their ____________ (免疫的) system doesn't work well. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The doctor suggests him taking more sports to ____________ (strong) his health so as to become much stronger. 2．The daughter's success in her study is a real ____________ (relieve) for the hard­working parents. 3．Children usually can't keep still for too long since they are very ____________ (energy)． 4．We should walk or ride bikes as much as we can.This is ____________ by doing this，we can reduce the emission of CO2. 5．Don't be too concerned about stress，which is ____________ (benefit) to us to some extent actually. Ⅲ.选词填空 try out for; let sb.down; keep up with; sign up; in particular 1．This approach has never ________me__________ , and it has made all the difference in my life. 2．Weather can be really tough in this city all the year round, in winter _________ _______． 3．Some teenage art lovers will _________ _________ _________ the school Drama Club next week. 4．They could not ________ ________ _________ us when we climbed the mountain. 5．Taking his advantage into account，his adviser recommended that he _______ ______ for Advanced Literature. Ⅳ.句式仿写 1．史密斯先生失业了，这使得他们的生活更加困难了。(which引导非限制性定语从句) Mr Smith is out of work, ________________________________________________． 2．在我看来，没有比打排球更好的运动了。(“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级) As far as I'm concerned, there is ________________________________________________． 3．努力学习，否则你下次考试就会不及格。(祈使句＋or＋陈述句) Study hard, ________________________________． 四、课文语法填空 Lesson 1 Paul and I were on our school basketball team，The Lions.We were both huge fans of the NBA.My favourite player was LeBron James while Paul’s favourite player was Tyrone Bogues,1. was the shortest player ever in the NBA.Paul was also shorter than other players so that he knew he had to practise 2. (much) than other players on the team.However，our coach had little confidence in him.So Paul was usually on the bench，being just a 3. (replace)．Everyone knew Paul had real skills and he desired 4. (play) for the team.Later，The Lions 5. (play) The Bears，whose record had been perfect this season.During the game，a player and I crashed into each other and my knee was 6. (bad) hurt.I had to give up the game.So Paul got the chance that he 7. (wait) for.Clearly，all the extra hours that he’d spent 8. (practise) alone paid off.He made shot after shot and when the game ended，our team had won 9. 2 points.After the game，our coach hit Paul on 10. shoulder and said that Paul had earned his place on the team. Lesson 3: Long-distance running has a lot of benefits.1. particular，it is a great sport for beginners，because you needn’t a membership of a gym and do not need any special 2. (equip)．It is a good way 3. (know) yourself and understand 4. you are capable of. Running can help you be 5. (health) and prevent diseases.It can increase the flow of blood and oxygen to your brain and can also make your heart 6. (strong)．It can also strengthen your immune system and reduce the risk of 7. (get) health problems.Long-distance running can cheer you 8. and make you 9. (relief) from aches or tension because of stress. If you are a beginner for running，it is important to warm up and cool down properly before and after running to avoid 10. (hurt)yourself.After a long run，you should not stop immediately. 五、阅读理解 A You can’t imagine how terrible I felt at that time. A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet，I was determined to go ahead. I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first PE class，the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”． The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s，I realised running was a battle against myself，not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills! The night before my marathon，I dreamed that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous，but ready to prove something to myself. Shortly after crossing the start line，my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted! At mile 3，I passed a sign：“GO FOR IT，RUNNERS！” By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain，I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again. By mile 21，I was starving! As I approached mile 23，I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan.She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a．m. or questioned my expenses on running. I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact，I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. Determined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a “marathon winner”． 1．A month before the marathon，the author . A．lost hope B．felt scared C．was well trained D．made up his mind to run 2．Why did the author mention the PE class in his 7th year? A．To acknowledge the support of his teacher. B．To amuse the readers with a funny story. C．To show he was not talented in sports. D．To share a precious memory. 3．How was the author’s first marathon? A．He made it. B．He quitted halfway. C．He got the first prize. D．He walked to the end. 4．What does the story mainly tell us? A．One is never too old to learn. B．Failure is the mother of success. C．A winner is one with a great effort of will. D．A man owes his success to his family support. B Many places around the world host marathons that aim to provide their runners with a special experience.If you're planning to run a race，check out some of these beautiful marathon destinations. Inca Trail Marathon Are you up for a challenge？Hosted at Cusco，Peru，the Inca Trail Marathon is regarded as one of the most difficult marathons in the world.With Cusco's rich history of being once the capital of the Inca Empire，participants can explore several ancient archeological sites.During the run，participants will get to see the surprising landscape of the "Lost City of the Incas"，Machu Picchu，and the Sacred Valley. Athens Marathon Held in Greece，the Athens Marathon is perfect for those of you who are interested in history，mythology（神话），and architecture.There are many tourist spots and historic sites to visit like the Parthenon and the Acropolis of Athens.During the race，audience will be cheering on the participants creating an atmosphere similar to the Olympics. Big Sur International Marathon Held at Carmel，California，the Big Sur International Marathon is known as the world's largest rural marathon.Before the race，participants generally visit the world﹣famous Monterey Bay Aquarium（水族馆），which owns rich animals.The Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park is another attraction stretching from 3000﹣foot mountain ridges（山脉） to underwater canyons and rocky seaside cliffs. Big Five Marathon Located at Limpopo，South Africa，participants can explore and check out the wildlife of the African savannah.The marathon is held in one of the "Big Five" game reserves in Africa.There are no fences or rivers that separate the runners from the African wildlife.Make sure to keep your mind clear.You might find an elephant or even find yourself running alongside giraffes. 5.At Inca Trail Marathon，participants can 　 　. A.make the best performance B.enjoy ancient architecture C.learn about the Inca Empire D.run through the Sacred Valley 6.What do participants often do before Big Sur International Marathon starts？ 　 　 A.They go up 3000﹣foot mountain ridges. B.They see all kinds of sea creatures. C.They visit underwater canyons. D.They climb rocky seaside cliffs. 7.If you are interested in buildings，you are advised to take part in 　 　. A.Athens Marathon B.Inca Trail Marathon C.Big Sur International Marathon D.Big Five Marathon 8.What should runners do when participating in Big Five Marathon？ 　 　 A.Protect the wild animals. B.Avoid meeting wild animals. C.Keep watch for wild animals. D.Be careful not to fall into rivers. 六、七选五 You may think that choosing to lose weight requires a lot of effort and pain. The truth is，you can lose weight，feel healthier，and look amazing，all by doing small things every day. （1）　 　 .When you're ready to lose a few pounds，check out these five small everyday things you can do. （2）　 　. Believe it or not，the diameter of your dinner plate can have a dramatic impact on how much food you eat at any time of the day.The bigger your plate，the more you can fit on it，and the more you put into your body. Use a Food Diary or App It's so easy to sit at your desk or on the couch eating up an entire bag of potato chips，or a full packet of cookies. （3）　 　. If you keep a food diary or app outlining what you eat，how much of it，and how many calories it has，you may be more inclined to control your food intake. Drink More Water （4）　 　.Your body needs more water than you're probably giving it，and you may be reading the signs all wrong.Keep a water bottle on hand，drinking water throughout the day.By doing so，you can control your appetite while also making sure your body is not lack of water. Exercise More It seems like a given ﹣ you exercise，you lose weight.However，it's not only those 10﹣mile runs that make all the difference.（5）　 　.For instance，park further away at the grocery store，take the steps instead of the elevator and jog on the spot during TV ad breaks of your favorite show. A.Use Smaller Dishes B.Control your food intake C.You have to make plans for exercise. D.All too often，we mistake thirst for hunger. E.Many small changes can make a significant difference. F.Exercise doesn't have to be something you have to think about to do，and it can be fun. G.However，if you knew how many calories were in them，you may decide to change your mind. 七、完形填空 (2025·T8联考) If there's one crucial lesson that Tara Snyder, a seasoned(有经验的) mail carrier for the U．S. Postal Service, reveals to every new 1 ， it's this：“Even if a dog seems friendly for 364 days of the year, they can still have a bad day—and bite.” Snyder speaks from 2 ． In April 2024, while completing her usual route in Pennsylvania, she 3 a resident's door to obtain a signature for a piece of mail. 4 she had time to react, a 70­pound dog charged out of the house and attacked her hand. She 5 to protect herself with her mailbag, but it was too late. “It 6 my hand open pretty severely，”she recalls. The injury required 17 stitches, a round of antibiotics, and three weeks off work to recover. This wasn't the first or last 7 between Snyder and aggressive dogs at that residence. On a separate occasion, another dog 8 her on the porch, though fortunately, she wasn't bitten that time. The incident has 9 Animal Control to investigate the owners, and the Postal Service is taking every 10 to protect its mail carriers. Sadly, Snyder's story is far from 11 ： according to Postal Service data, there were 5，800 reported dog­related incidents involving postal workers in 2023. This brings us to the 12 paw­print stickers you may have noticed on mailboxes. An orange sticker 13 a dog resides at that address, while a yellow sticker shows that a dog lives nearby. The 14 was to warn Postal Service employees and other delivery workers to remain alert(警惕的)， 15 around dogs with a known history of negative reactions to mail carriers. 1. A.employer B．customer C．trainee D．neighbour 2. A.experience B．capability C．knowledge D．profession 3. A.kicked B．opened C．blocked D．approached 4. A.Until B．Before C．Since D．Immediately 5. A.failed B．managed C．attempted D．resolved 6. A.pushed B．tore C．threw D．speared 7. A.bond B．encounter C．disagreement D．competition 8. A.cornered B．discouraged C．squeezed D．accompanied 9. A.urged B．empowered C．directed D．persuaded 10. A.turn B．energy C．measure D．course 11. A.unique B．simple C．common D．frequent 12. A.plain B．sketched C．faded D．colored 13. A.hides B．signals C．flashes D．introduces 14. A.prospect B．occupation C．expectation D．intention 15. A.especially B．reasonably C．occasionally D．constantly 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Sports and Fitness 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1．badminton n. 羽毛球 2．golf n. 高尔夫 3．gymnastics n. 体操 4．bowling n. 保龄球 5．skateboard n. 滑板 vi. 用滑板滑行 6．stair n. 楼梯；梯级 7．net n. (网球等的)球网；网 8．court n. (网球等的)球场 9．underdog n. 处于劣势的人(队)；弱方 10．shot n. 投球，击球；机会 11．bench n. 替补队员席 12．replacement n. 替换的人(物) 13．boxing n. 拳击(运动) 14．bounce vi. & vt. (使)弹起，(使)反弹 15．halfway adv. 半途地 16．system n. 系统 17．membership n. 会员身份 18．oxygen n. 氧 19．guideline n. 指导方针，指导原则 20．click vi. & vt. 点击(鼠标) 21．principle n. 原则，基本的观念 22．shortcut n. 捷径，近路 23．overnight adv. 突然，一下子 24．muscle n. 肌肉 25．bone n. 骨头，骨 二、写作词汇： 1．athlete n. 运动员 2．track n. 跑道 3．diet n. 日常饮食 4．defeat vt. (在比赛、战争中)战胜，打败 5．company n. 公司；一群人 6．champion n. 冠军，第一名 7．extra adj. 额外的，另外的 8．clap vi. & vt. 鼓掌，拍手 9．earn vt. 赢得；博得 10．audience n. 观众；听众 11．remind vt. 使(某人)想起，提醒 12．case n. 状况，场合；事例，实例 13．bite vi. & vt. 咬 14．quit vi. & vt. 停止(做某事) 15．tip n. 建议，忠告，窍门 16．weekly adj. 一周一次的，每周的 17．disease n. 疾病 18．flow vi. 流，流动 n. 流动 19．detail n. 细节 20．sweat n. 汗水 21．sight n. 视野 22．medal n. 奖牌；勋章 23．prevent vt. 预防；阻止，阻挡 三、词汇变形： 1．frequency n. 发生的频率，发生率→frequent adj. 频繁的；时常发生的→frequently adv. 频繁地，经常 2．prefer vt. 更喜欢→preference n. 偏爱，倾向；优先权 3．energy n. 力量，活力→energetic adj. 精力充沛的→energetically adv. 精力充沛地 4．announcement n. 通告，公告→announce vt. 宣布；通告→announcer n. 宣告者；播音员 5．occupy vt. 占用，占去(时间)→occupied adj. 忙于……的；有人使用的；已被占用的→occupation n. 职业；占领 6．disappointment n. 失望；扫兴；沮丧→disappoint vt. 使失望→disappointing adj. 令人失望的→disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的 7．amazingly adv. 惊人地，了不起地→amazing adj. 令人惊奇的→amazed adj. 大为惊奇的，惊讶的→amazement n. 惊奇，惊愕 8．relieve vt. 减轻，缓解→relief n. 减轻，缓解；宽慰 9．strengthen vi. & vt. (使)强健→strength n. 力气；优势→strong adj. 强壮的→strongly adv.坚定地；强有力地；强烈地 10．benefit n. 好处，益处→beneficial adj. 有好处的，有益的 11．achievable adj. 可完成的；做得成的→achieve v. 实现，获得→achievement n. 成就 12．satisfaction n. 满足，满意→satisfy vt. 使满意→satisfying/satisfactory adj. 令人满意的→satisfied adj. 满意的 13．response n. 回答，答复→respond v. 回答，回复 14．inspiration n. 激励，鼓舞；给人以灵感的人/物；灵感→inspire vt. 激发；鼓舞；使产生(感觉或情感)→inspired adj. 得到灵感的；能力卓越的→inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的 15．desire n. 渴望→desired adj. 期望得到的，希望实现的→desirable adj. 令人满意的；值得拥有的 16．annual adj. 一年一度的，每年的→annually adv. 每年，一年一次地 四、拓展词汇 后缀­ation高频名词集锦 ①expectation 期待；预料 ②consideration 考虑；深思 ③celebration 庆祝；庆典 ④appreciation 欣赏；感激 ⑤inspiration 鼓舞；灵感 ABC式过去式、过去分词变化 ①arise→arose→arisen②drive→drove→driven ③ride→rode→ridden ④rise→rose→risen ⑤write→wrote→written all相关短语大全 ①all in all 总的说来 ②above all 首先；最重要的是 ③in all 总共；合计 ④at all 一点也不；到底；究竟 ⑤first of all 首先；第一 ⑥after all 毕竟；究竟 五、熟词生义 Ⅰ.一词多义 1．attach A.vt.贴上；附上　B．vt.认为有(重要性等)　 C．vt.使依恋　D．v.使成为一部分，使附属 (1)Do you attach much importance to what he says？B (2)This middle school is attached to a normal college.D (3)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Our roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.A (4)Ever since the last date, she has been deeply attached to that boy.C 2．put up A.张贴　B．建造　C．举起　D．留宿　E．提出 (1)He put up his hand to ask a question.C (2)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017.B (3)Would you be able to put me up for the night when I come to London？D (4)Clare first put up the idea of holding a concert to raise money for the school.E (5)(2023·全国甲卷)I've moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures.A 3．account A.n.描述，叙述　B．n.账目，账户　C．n.考虑 D．v.解释，说明　E．v.占……比例 (1)Recent pressure at work may account for his abnormal behavior.D (2)(2023·全国乙卷)When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non－literate societies such as these, all our first－hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue.A (3)She sticks to putting the money into her saving account．B (4)In the school shop, students account for 50% of the customers.E (5)The direction of the prevailing winds (盛行风) should be taken into account．C Ⅱ.语境猜词 1．The experts all believe that this painting is the right original of the famous painter.n.原作 [点拨]original (熟义) adj.原来的；在本句中用作名词，意为“原作”。 2．I'm sure this tie suits you well.vt.相配；合身 [点拨]suit (熟义) n．套装；在本句中用作动词，意为“相配；合身”。 3．Such a boat is only fit for a calm sea.adj.风平浪静的 [点拨]calm(熟义) vt.使平静；在本句中用作形容词，意为“风平浪静的”。 六、重点短语词块 第一组　课本重点短语 1.all in all 总而言之，总的来说 2.surf the Internet 网上冲浪，浏览因特网 3.search engine 搜索引擎 4.from time to time 有时；偶尔；间或 5.living room 起居室 6.according to 按……所说，根据 7.in person 亲自 8.get ahead 获得成功，取得进步 9.suffer from (身体或精神上)遭受……(痛苦) 10.in other words 换句话说 11.to be frank 坦白说，坦率地说 12.all sorts of 各种各样的 13.give up 放弃 14.deal with 对付，处理，应付 15.be responsible for 对……负责 16.at the moment 此刻，目前，眼下 17.look forward to (doing) sth. 期待，盼望 18.graduate from 从……毕业 19.as well as ……以及…… 20.adapt to sth. 适应某事 21.tend to do sth. 易于做某事 第二组　课文必背词块 1.a big part of my life 我生活中的重要组成部分 2.chat too much with online friends 总是和网友聊天 3.meet friends in person 亲自与朋友见面 4.set goals for myself 为自己设定目标 5.quite an experience 一次不寻常的体验 6.a “go­getter” 一个积极进取的人 7.think actively 积极思考 8.a top 10 reading list 十大阅读清单 9.start a new lifestyle 开始一种新的生活方式 10.all sorts of exciting things 各种各样令人兴奋的事情 写作 句型 1．在他们看来，我可能无法判断这些人是否是真朋友，这是危险的。(that引导同位语从句) According to them, there is a danger that I may not be able to tell whether these friends are real friends． 2．我在所有课上总是专心听讲并积极思考，这样放学后我就有更多可支配的时间做我感兴趣的事情。(so that引导目的状语从句) I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, so that I can have more free time to do other things that I'm interested in after school． 3．常言道，“分秒必争！”(as引导定语从句) As the popular saying goes, “Every minute counts！” 4．然而，并不是所有的事情都如张天所愿。(部分否定) However, not everything lived up to Zhang Tian's hopes. 5．体育课是孩子们最喜欢的课程，这并不奇怪！(it is＋adj.＋that引导的主语从句) It is not surprising that PE is the kids' favourite subject! 语法 定语从句之关系代词、不定代词、句子结构2 写作 A True Story 一、知识点精讲 track n．轨道；足迹，踪迹；小道 vt.&vi.(tracked, tracked, tracking)追踪 【词汇拓展】 (1)keep track of记录…… keep to the track顺着道儿走 on the track of跟踪，追赶，尾随 lose track of不了解，与……失去联系 thousands of miles of track数千英里的轨道 follow one's tracks循着某人的足迹 be on the right/wrong track思路正确/错误；在正确/错误的轨道上 track and field田径运动 (2)track down追踪到 (3)track through 穿过去 balanced adj.均衡的　balance n. 均衡；权衡[C]pl. balances 天平；余额 vt.(balanced, balanced, balancing) 权衡；平衡 【词汇拓展】 (1)keep/lose one's balance 　保持/失去平衡 keep a balance between... and... 保持……与……的平衡 a sense of balance 平衡感 (2)balance A against B 权衡/斟酌/比较A和B balance between... and... 平衡……与…… replacement n．替换的人(物)[replace vt. (replaced, replaced, replacing) 代替；取代；把……放回原处] 【词汇拓展】 (1)replace... with/by...　用……替换…… replace... as... 取代……而成为…… (2)take the place of sb＝take sb's place　代替某人 in place of 代替 desire n．[C，U]渴望；欲望；渴求 vt. (desired, desired, desiring) 希望得到；想要 【词汇拓展】 (1)desire to do sth 渴望做某事 desire sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 desire that...(should) do sth 渴望……做某事 (2)have a strong desire to do sth/for sth 迫切要做某事/急于得到某物 have no desire to do sth 不想做某事 crowd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.(crowded, crowded, crowding)挤满；使……拥挤 vi. 涌进；蜂拥而至 【词汇拓展】 (1)a crowd of/crowds of一大群；很多 the crowd 人群 (2)crowd in (on) sb (想法、问题等)涌上(某人)心头；涌入(某人)脑海 crowd into 涌入 be crowded with 挤满 defence n．防守队员；后卫 【词汇拓展】 (1)in defence of为了保卫 (2)defend... from/against保护……免受……伤害 defend sb with... 用……保护某人 (3)in one's defence 为某人辩护 remind v．(reminded, reminded, reminding) 提醒，使……想起 【词汇拓展】 remind sb of (doing) sth 提醒某人(做)某事/使某人想起(做)某事 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 remind (sb) that/how/what... 提醒(某人)…… amazingly adv.惊人地；了不起地　amaze vt.(amazed，amazement)使大为吃惊，使惊奇 【词汇拓展】 (1)be amazed at/by... 对……感到惊讶 be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇 (2)in amazement 惊讶地 to one's amazement 让某人惊讶的是 occupy vt. (occupied, occupied, occupying) 占用；占领；占据 【词汇拓展】 (1)occupy oneself with sth/in doing sth忙于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事 (2)be occupied in doing sth 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth 忙于某事 keep sb/oneself occupied 使某人/自己忙碌 relieve vt.(relieved, relieved, relieving)减轻，缓解；解除 【词汇拓展】 (1)relieve sb of... 解除某人……方面的负担 (2)to one's relief 令某人感到欣慰的是 with relief 宽慰地 in relief 如释重负；松了口气 give sb relief from pain 使某人减轻痛苦 for the relief of... 为了救济…… breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气 sigh with relief 宽慰地舒一口气 What a relief! 可轻松了！ It is a relief to do sth 做某事很放心/舒心 strengthen v．(strengthened, strengthened, strengthening)加强 【词汇拓展】 build up one's strength/body 强身健体 strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点 with all one's strength 用尽全力 have the strength to do sth 有勇气/力气做某事 The strength of... is that... ……的优点是…… particular n．尤其；特别 adj.特定的 【词汇拓展】 be particular about/over 对……讲究/挑剔 be particular to do sth 特地做某事 in particular尤其；特别 benefit n. [C] (pl. benefits)& [U]好处；利益；优势 vt.&vi.(benefited/benefitted, benefited/benefitted, benefiting/benefitting) 有益于；有助于；受益 【词汇拓展】 (1)benefit from/by... 从……中受益；得益于…… benefit sb 对某人有益 (2)be of (great) benefit to...＝be (very) beneficial to... 对……(非常)有益；(非常)有益于…… for the benefit of... 为了……的利益 capable adj. 有能力的 【词汇拓展】 (1)be capable of (doing)... 　有(做)……的能力 (2)a capacity to do/of (doing)...　有(做)……的能力 have a capacity of　有……容积/容量 prevent v．(prevented, prevented, preventing) 阻挡，防止 【词汇拓展】 表“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的搭配： 阻止某人做某事 ban/forbid sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事 amount n．数量；数额 v．(amounted, amounted, amounting)总计；相当于 【词汇拓展】 (1)a large/small amount of＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词 large/small amounts of＋不可数名词＋复数谓语动词 in amount 在数量上 (2)amount to 等于；相当于；意味着；总计；共计 sight n. 视野(同view) 【词汇拓展】 catch sight of望见；看到 lose sight of看不见 come into sight进入视野；映入眼帘 at first sight乍一看 at the sight of看到 out of sight看不到 in/within sight 在视野内 response n．回答；答复 【词汇拓展】 (1)in response to作为对……的答复/反应 make/give a response to对……作出回应/反应 make/give no response没有回应 (2)respond to回答，回复；对……作出反应 respond with应对；回复 respond that回答…… 二、核心语法精讲 定语从句 一、概念 定语从句：在复合句中，作定语，用来修饰某一名词(名词性短语)或代词的从句叫定语从句。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 关系词：连接主句和从句的词叫关系词(关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why)。 二、关系代词的用法 先行词 关系代词 在从句中所作成分 人 who 主语，宾语，表语 whom 宾语 that 主语，宾语，表语 whose 定语 物 that 主语，宾语，表语 which 主语，宾语 whose 定语 1.先行词是人，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that，且不可省略。 We are worrying about the people who/that have suffered from the disease in the area. 我们担心这个地区遭受疾病折磨的人们。 [温馨提示] 先行词是人时，宜用who不宜用that的情况 ①当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，ones，anyone等。 Anyone who aims to get ahead must work hard. 任何想成功的人都必须努力。 ②当先行词是人称代词I，you，he，they等时(常用于谚语中)。 He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。 ③当先行词为指人的those时。 Those who have good manners will be highly respected. 那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。 ④在there be结构中，先行词指人时。 There is a young man who wants to buy a skateboard. 有一个年轻人想买个滑板。 2．先行词是人，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用who/that/whom，可省略。 He is the expert (who/that/whom) I mentioned to you yesterday. 他就是我昨天给你提到的那个专家。 [温馨提示] 关系词在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，只能用whom，且不可省略。 This is the voluntary teacher from whom we’ve learned a lot. 这就是我们从他那里学到了很多知识的那位支教老师。 3．先行词是人，关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，用whose。 Do you know the girl whose Chinese is excellent？你认识那个汉语非常优秀的姑娘吗？ [温馨提示] whose指代人时，常用下列结构来代替： I will talk to those students whose homework hasn’t been done on schedule. ＝I will talk to those students，the homework of whom hasn’t been done on schedule. ＝I will talk to those students，of whom the homework hasn’t been done on schedule. 我要和那些没完成作业的学生谈话。 4．先行词是物，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用which/that，且不可省略。 He is working in the company which/that was opened in 1870. 他现在在那个1870年开始运作的公司工作。 5．先行词是物，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用which/that，可省略。 The gold medal (which/that) she won has been given to her old school. 她曾经获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。 [温馨提示] (1)宜用that不宜用which的情况 ①当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词时。 All that can be done has been done. 一切能做的都已经做完了。 ②当先行词被all，every，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。 Music is the only thing that interests me. 音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。 ③当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。 ④当先行词中既有人又有物时。 She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。 ⑤当先行词前面出现who，which等疑问代词时，为了避免重复。 Who is the boy that is playing computer games there? 在那里玩电脑游戏的那个男孩是谁？ Which is the book that you are interested in? 你感兴趣的书是哪本？ (2)宜用which不宜用that的情况 ①关系代词前有介词时。 The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.我过去住的房子现在变成了一家鞋店。 ②在非限制性定语从句中。 Have you ever read the book，which was written by a young girl? 你读过一个年轻女孩写的这本书吗？ 6．先行词是物，关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，用whose。 He volunteered to join in the activity whose aim is to help those who are in trouble. 他志愿加入这个活动，活动的目的是帮助那些处于困难中的人。 [温馨提示] whose指物时，常用下列结构来代替： He volunteered to join in the activity whose aim is to help those who are in trouble. ＝He volunteered to join in the activity，the aim of which is to help those who are in trouble. ＝He volunteered to join in the activity，of which the aim is to help those who are in trouble. 三、使用定语从句的注意事项 1．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的人称和数保持一致。 Those who are over 45 years old won’t be permitted to go into the hall. 超过45岁的人不允许进入大厅。 [温馨提示] “one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。 This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens. 这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书的其中一本。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned to play golf. 他是我们班里唯一一个学过高尔夫球的男孩。 2．为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。 This is the apartment which he bought last year.(bought后不可加it) 这就是他去年买的那所公寓。 【即时训练】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Our English teacher is a person is energetic and friendly. 2．The film you are looking forward to seeing will be on next week. 3．The girl father is an editor goes jogging regularly. 4．This is a new kind of car parts are of high quality. 5．We’d better forget the persons and things put us under pressure. Ⅱ.完成句子 6．At the same time，their mother went out to buy the paper bags . 同时，他们的妈妈出去买回了他们需要的纸袋。 7．Much sooner than expected，he returned with an empty basket and so much money . 比预计的早很多，他回来了，带着空空的篮子和从来也没有见过的那么多的钱。 8．The athlete was badly hurt in the match recovered in the end. 在那次比赛中脚严重受伤的那名运动员最终康复了。 9．Opportunity only favors those . 机会只眷顾那些有准备的人。 【答案】 1．who/that 2．that/which 3． whose 4．whose 5．that 6． that/which they needed. 7．that he had never seen before. 8．whose foot/the foot of whom 9．who are prepared. 不定代词 不定代词是不具体指代某个特定名词的代词。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 一、常见不定代词 可数/不可数 不定代词 代替可数名词 one，each，many，another，other，either，neither，(a) few 代替不可数名词 much，(a) little 代替可数/不可数名词 none，any，all，some 复合不定代词 anyone，anybody，anything；someone，somebody，something；everyone，everybody，everything；nobody，no one，nothing (1)I’m not satisfied with everything that he did. 对他做的事情我并不是都满意。 (2)Someone/Somebody is waiting for you at the campus. 有人在校园里等你。 (3)But I don’t know anyone/anybody in the company. 但是在这个公司里我谁也不认识。 (4)Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 (5)The boxing match will be held in September，but nobody/no one knows the date for sure. 拳击赛将在九月份举行，但没有人知道确切的日期。 二、几组常见不定代词的区别 1．many，much，few，a few，little，a little 区别 意义　　 许多 有点/些(表示肯定) 几乎没有(表示否定) 可数 many a few few 不可数 much a little little (1)I have a lot of friends but I don’t have much money. 我有很多朋友，但是我没有很多钱。 (2)Just as the saying goes，many hands make light work. 俗话说：“人多力量大”。 (3)The expert’s theory is so difficult that few people can understand and accept it. 这位专家的理论很深奥，很少有人会理解并接受它。 (4)In this way they can make the trip with just a little money. 用这种方式，他们只要一点钱就能去旅游。 2．another，other，the other，others，the others 不定代词 词义 用法 another 另一个，又一个 用于三者或三者以上中的另一个，后接可数名词单数 other 其他的，另外的 后接复数名词 the other 两者中的另一个 常与one连用，构成one...the other...一个……另一个…… others 泛指别的人或物 是other的复数形式，不能作定语，常构成some...others... the others 特指其余的人或物 是the other 的复数形式，常构成some...the others... (1)We have two hands.One is on the left，the other is on the right. 我们有两只手。一只在左边，另一只在右边。 (2)There are 40 students in our class.Three are American，and the others/the other students are Chinese. 我们班有40个学生，3个是美国人，剩下的都是中国人。 (3)I have eaten an apple，but I still want another (apple)． 我已经吃了一个苹果了，但是我还想要一个。 (4)Some students like English while other students/others like physics. 一些学生喜欢英语而另外的一些学生喜欢物理。 3．it，one，the one，ones，the ones，that，those 不定代词 用法 it 代替前面出现的可数名词单数，前面提到的某件事情、某种情况、某个动作以避免重复，也可以代替动词不定式短语、名词短语等 one 用来代替前面提到的可数名词单数或a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数，为泛指，指“同类当中的某一个” the one 用来代替前面提到的可数名词单数，为特指 ones 用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数，为泛指 the ones 用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数，为特指，相当于those that 代替前面提到的“the＋不可数名词”，也可代替前面提到的“the＋可数名词单数”，这时可以和the one 互换，往往表示和前面的名词是同类但不同个 those 代替前面出现的可数名词复数，避免重复，且表示特指，后有定语修饰，可与the ones通用 (1)A house which is built of bricks lasts longer than the one that is made of woods. 用砖建造的房子比用木头建造的房子耐用。 (2)As we all know，the population of Beijing is larger than that of Jinan. 众所周知，北京的人口比济南的人口多。 (3)The athletes of this team are more dynamic and confident than those/the ones of that team. 这个队的运动员比那个队的运动员更有活力、更自信。 (4)There are various laptops in the store，and I want to buy one. 商店里有各种各样的笔记本电脑，我想买一台。 (5)I like your skateboard very much.Can you lend it to me? 我很喜欢你的滑板。你能借我用用吗？ 4．both，neither，either 不定代词 意义 在句中所作成分 谓语动词的形式 both 两者都 作主语、宾语、定语或同位语，可以和of短语连用 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 neither 两者都不 作主语、宾语及定语，可以和of短语连用 作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式 either 两者中任一个 作主语、宾语及定语，可以和of短语连用 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 (1)She invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们两个都参加她的生日宴会。 (2)It was hard for him to learn English in a family，in which neither of the parents spoke the language. 对他来说在一个父母都不说英语的家庭中，学英语很难。 (3)You can choose either of the topics，but do not attempt both. 你可以选择任意的一个话题，但不能两个都选。 【即使训练】 1．Jack and Tom are good friends and are in the same class. 2．The cost of buying a house in Beijing is higher than in Xi’an. 3．To stay energetic，he finished a cup of tea and ordered . 4．Larry asked Bill and Peter to go jogging with him，but of them wanted to. 5．He bought an apartment and he was very satisfied with . 6．On Sundays，some people go to play basketball，and stay at home watching TV. 7．You can ask anyone here for help. here is willing to lend you a hand. 8．Can’t we do more tough and challenging？ 【答案】 1．both 2．that 3．another. 4．neither 5．it. 6．others. 7．.Everyone 8．something 句子成分和句子结构 一、句子成分 主语 (S)：句子叙述的主体，通常由名词、代词或动名词等充当。 谓语动词 (V)：表示主语的动作或状态，是句子的灵魂。 宾语 (O)：动作的承受者，分为直接宾语和间接宾语。 表语 (P)：位于系动词之后，说明主语的身份、特征或状态。 宾语补足语 (OC)：补充说明宾语，使句意完整。 二、五种基本句型结构 英语中所有复杂句子都源于以下五种基本句型： 句型 结构公式 核心特点 例句 1. 主谓 (SV) S + Vi. (不及物动词) 动词本身能表达完整意思，无需接宾语。 Birds sing. The sun rose. 2. 主谓宾 (SVO) S + Vt. (及物动词) + O 动词必须接动作的承受者（宾语）。 I love English. She bought a car. 3. 主系表 (SVP) S + Link-V. + P 动词是系动词（be, seem, look, become等），后接表语说明主语。 He is a teacher. 4. 主谓双宾 (SVOO) S + Vt. + IO(间接宾语) + DO(直接宾语) 动词后接人（间接宾语）和物（直接宾语）。 My mother gave me a gift. (me=IO, a gift=DO) 5. 主谓宾宾补 (SVOC) S + Vt. + O + OC 动词接了宾语后，还需补充说明宾语的状态或动作。 We made him our monitor. I saw him reading. 二、重难点辨析 SVP vs. SVO：重点看谓语动词是实义动词还是系动词。如：She looks happy. (SVP) ；She looks at the blackboard. (SVO，因为look at是实义动词短语，at the blackboard作状语而非宾语？注意：介词宾语属于状语范畴，此处结构实为SVO，但介词短语整体作状语，更准确说这里是“主谓状”，但在高中阶段我们通常仍视作“主谓宾”结构，因为at the blackboard是介词短语作状语。更严谨判断：核心看动词性质，若为不及物动词加介词构成的动词短语，可按SVO处理。） SVOO vs. SVOC：关键看宾语与后面的词是否存在逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系。 She gave him a book. (him和a book无逻辑主谓关系 → SVOO) She made him happy. (him is happy 有逻辑主表关系 → SVOC) 【即时训练】 判断下列句子属于哪种基本句型（写出对应编号：SV, SVO, SVP, SVOO, SVOC） 1.The weather gets warmer and warmer. _________________________________________ 2.He offered me his seat. _________________________________________ 3.The children are playing happily in the park. _________________________________________ 4.We find the story very interesting. _________________________________________ 5.She speaks English fluently. _________________________________________ 二、将下列单词或短语重新排序，组成符合英语基本句型的完整句子（每题2分，共10分） 1.him / made / the team / captain / We _________________________________________ 2.my sister / a letter / wrote / Last week / to me (注意：此题考察双宾语结构，请用SVOO结构重组) _________________________________________ 3.looks / the soup / delicious / very _________________________________________ 4.in the morning / woke up / The baby / late _________________________________________ 5.a beautiful song / sang / the singer / the audience (用SVOO结构) _________________________________________ 【答案】 判断句型 1.SVP。gets是系动词（变得），warmer and warmer是表语。 2.SVOO。offered是双宾动词，me（间接宾语），his seat（直接宾语）。 3.SV。are playing是不及物动词短语（玩耍），happily in the park均为状语，不改变主干结构。 4.SVOC。find是宾补动词，the story是宾语，very interesting是补充说明故事的补足语（故事有趣）。 5.SVO。speaks是及物动词，English是宾语，fluently是状语。 重组句子 1.We made him captain of the team. （SVOC结构，him为宾语，captain为宾语补足语） 2.Last week my sister wrote me a letter. （SVOO结构，me为间接宾语，a letter为直接宾语） （也可写：My sister wrote me a letter last week.） 3.The soup looks very delicious. （SVP结构，looks系动词，delicious表语） 4.The baby woke up late in the morning. （SV结构，woke up不及物动词短语） 5.The singer sang the audience a beautiful song. （SVOO结构，the audience间接宾语，a beautiful song直接宾语） 单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元的写作任务是写一则故事。在写作时注意以下几个方面： (1)严格按照要求完成各个信息要点，注意故事的完整性。 (2)常用的人称为第一人称和第三人称。用第一人称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历；用第三人称是以观察者的身份展开叙述；要根据具体情况合理选用。 (3)正确运用时态。讲述已经发生的故事，记叙文的基本时态为一般过去时和过去进行时，但也要注意灵活运用其他时态。 (4)在叙述事情时，可以采用顺叙、倒叙、插叙三种叙述方式。在叙述过程中要重视句子间的衔接，用好过渡语。 常用表达： (1)交代时间的常用表达：one day；the other day；last week；when I was...years old；a long time ago；on a dark，rainy night；on the weekend；once upon a time；during the summer holidays (2)交代地点的常用表达： (3)on the way to school；on the way home；at the crossing；at the foot of the mountain；at the airport (4)交代时间，地点和相关人物的典型句型： (5)Sb.was/were doing...in someplace when...，某人正在某地做……这时…… (6)Sb.was/were about to do...when...＝ Sb.was/were on the point of doing...when...，某人正要做……这时…… (7)Sb.had just done...when...某人刚刚做了……这时…… (8)推动情节发展(事情经过) (9)then，suddenly，immediately，while，when，as，not...until... (10)介绍故事的结果或谈自己的感想 ①Personally，I think that... ②What surprised/attracted/delighted us most was that... ③Tired as we were，we learned what we couldn’t learn in/at school. ④Through this meaningful activity，we learned something that can’t be learned in class. ⑤I was deeply impressed/moved/touched by... ⑥What an unforgettable experience! ⑦As the saying goes... ⑧This may be the most unforgettable experience of my life. ⑨Helping others is the source of happiness. ⑩Now，I think it is a really successful experience，and I totally understand...means. 2. 写作框架 3. 写作素材 假定你是李华，请根据下面的提示写一篇短文。内容包括： 1．上周日我和同学张伟去看羽毛球比赛直播，在去球场的路上看到一位老人躺在地上。 2．我坐在老人身边照看着他，张伟打电话叫了救护车。 3．我们决定和老人一起去医院，等老人的儿子来了我们才离开。 4．我们错过了看羽毛球比赛，但是一点也不后悔，我们为自己做的事感到自豪。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头已给出，不计入总词数。 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 写作要求是写一个真实的故事。写作时应注意下面几点： 1．确定文体：这是一篇记叙文，写作时应注意记叙文的常规格式； 2．主体时态：文章应以一般过去时和过去进行时为主； 3．主体人称：由于是写发生在自己身上的故事，所以人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。 [谋篇] 第一段：交代故事发生的背景； 第二段：叙述故事的过程和结局； 第三段：表达对整个故事的感想。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心词汇] 1． 在去球场的路上 2． 走近些 3． 照顾 4． 错过了比赛 5． 为……感到自豪 6． 幸福的源泉 [连词成句] 1．我们在去球场的路上正走着。 . 2．我们看到一位老人在路上躺着。 . 3．我们走近了一些。 . 4．我们发现他伤得很重。 We found that . 5．直到老人的儿子到达，我们才离开。 We didn’t leave . 6．我们为我们所做的事情感到骄傲。 . 7．我们明白了帮助别人是幸福的源泉。 . 第三步　句式升级 1．请把第一和第二句话按下面括号内的提示合成一句话。 . (be doing...when...，某人正在做……这时……) 2．请把第三和第四句话按下面括号内的提示合成一句话。 (1) ，we found that he was badly injured.(when引导时间状语从句) (2) ，we found that he was badly injured.(现在分词短语作状语) 3．请按下面括号内的提示改写第五句话。 N .(部分倒装句型) 4．请把第六和第七句话按下面括号内的提示合成一句话。 .(not only...but also...) 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。 参考范文 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．on the way to the court 2．walk closer 3．take care of 4．miss the match 5．be proud of/take pride in 6．the source of happiness [连词成句] 1．We were walking on the way to the court. 2．We saw an old man lying on the ground. 3．We walked closer. 4．We found that he was badly injured. 5．We didn’t leave until the old man’s son arrived. 6．We were proud of what we had done. 7．We understood helping others is the source of happiness. 第三步　句式升级 1．We were walking on the way to the court when we saw an old man lying on the ground. 2．(1)When we walked closer，(2)Walking closer 3．Not until the old man’s son arrived did we leave. 4．We were not only proud of what we had done but also understood helping others is the source of happiness. 第四步　组句成篇 参考范文 Last Sunday my classmate Zhang Wei and I went to see a badminton match live.We were walking on the way to the court when we saw an old man lying on the ground. Walking closer，we found that he was badly injured.Thus I sat there to take care of the old man and meanwhile Zhang Wei called the ambulance.After a while the ambulance arrived and we decided to go to the hospital with the old man.Not until the old man’s son arrived did we leave. Although we missed the match，we felt more than delighted.We were not only proud of what we had done but also understood helping others is the source of happiness. 易错点01 defeat / beat / win / earn 的区别 【一句话辨异】Our team defeated the strong opponent (打败了对手) and won the championship (赢得了冠军), which earned us great respect (为我们赢得了尊重), though we had never beaten them in the previous three years (此前三年从未击败过他们). 【错因辨析】 动词 用法 例句 defeat 战胜（对手/队伍），后接人/团队 We defeated the visiting team 3:0. beat 打败（对手），后接人/团队；也可指"心跳/敲打" He beat me in the final match. win 赢得（比赛/奖牌/荣誉），后接事/物 She won the gold medal. earn 赢得/博得（尊重/名声）；挣得（钱） His performance earned him great respect. 【速记】 defeat / beat + 人/队伍（打败某人） win + 比赛/奖牌/荣誉（赢得某物） earn + 尊重/名声/金钱（博得/赚得抽象事物） 【对点训练】 1.The underdog team ______ the champion in the final. A. won B. defeated C. earned 2.She ______ the first prize in the national competition. A. won B. beat C. defeated 3.His kindness ______ him a good reputation among the villagers. A. won B. defeated C. earned 【答案】1. B（对手/队伍 → defeated） 2. A（prize → won） 3. C（reputation → earned） 易错点02 prevent / protect / defend 的区别 【一句话辨异】 To prevent the spread of the virus (防止病毒传播), we should protect ourselves from infection by wearing masks (保护自己免受感染), and the medical workers are fighting bravely to defend the city against the disease (保卫这座城市抵御疾病). 【错因辨析】 动词 用法 搭配 例句 prevent 阻止/防止（某事发生） prevent sb/sth from doing Regular exercise can prevent us from getting fat.（预防发胖） protect 保护（免受伤害） protect sb/sth from/against Wearing a helmet can protect your head from injury.（保护头部免受伤害） defend 保卫/防守（对抗攻击） defend sb/sth from/against； in defence of The team defended well in the second half.（防守）＝ The team played in defence of their goal. 【速记口诀】 prevent + 事情（阻止某事发生） → prevent sb/sth from doing protect + 人或物（保护其免受伤害） → protect sb/sth from/against defend + 目标（保卫/防守，对抗攻击） → defend sb/sth from/against；in defence of 【对点训练】 1.Eating more vegetables helps ______ us from many diseases. A. prevent B. protect C. defend 2.The soldiers fought bravely in ______ of their country. A. prevention B. protection C. defence 【答案】 1. A（prevent from + 疾病） 2. C（in defence of 为固定搭配） 易错点03 to be frank / in other words / according to / in person 的用法辨析 【一句话辨异】 To be frank (坦白说), I don't fully agree with the coach's decision; in other words (换句话说), I think he should have given the young player a chance. But according to (根据) the team rules, the final say belongs to him, and he will announce the lineup in person (亲自) at the press conference tomorrow. 【错因辨析】 短语 含义 在句中的位置与作用 例句 to be frank 坦白说 插入语，通常置于句首，用逗号隔开 To be frank, I don't think he can win the match.（坦白说） in other words 换句话说 插入语，用于解释或重述前文 He is an underdog. In other words, nobody expects him to win.（换句话说） according to 根据…… 后接信息来源，不接第一人称（不说 according to me） According to the coach, the team will start training next week.（根据教练所说） in person 亲自 副词短语，修饰动词，表"亲自做某事" The champion received the medal in person.（亲自） 【速记口诀】 to be frank → 坦白说（句首插入语，表坦诚观点） in other words → 换句话说（用于解释或重述前文） according to → 根据……（后接信息来源，不接第一人称） in person → 亲自（副词短语，修饰动作） 【对点训练】 1.______, I don't believe he can break the record. A. In person B. To be frank C. According to 2.______ me, it is important to keep a balanced diet. A. According to B. To be frank C. To 3.The manager will attend the press conference ______. A. in person B. in other words C. to be frank 【答案】 1.B（坦白说） 2. C（不说 according to me，应说 To me / In my opinion） 3. A（亲自） 易错点04 not everything / not all / not every（部分否定的句式辨析） 【一句话辨异】Not all sports are suitable for everyone (并非所有运动都适合每个人), and not every athlete can become a champion (并非每位运动员都能成为冠军); not everything the coach said was practical (教练说的并非全都实用), but most of his advice was truly inspiring. 【错因辨析】 结构 后接名词 谓语动词 例句 not everything 不可数名词或单数概念 单数 Not everything the coach said was right. not all 复数名词或不可数名词 与名词一致 Not all athletes are professional. not every 单数名词 单数 Not every sport suits everyone. 【速记口诀】 not all + 复数/不可数名词 → 并非所有……（谓语与名词一致） not every + 单数名词 → 并非每个……（谓语单数） not everything → 并非每件事……（谓语单数，后接不可数或单数概念） 【对点训练】 1.______ that he said at the meeting was practical, but some was really inspiring. A. Not all B. Not everything C. Not every 2.______ exercise is suitable for people with heart disease. A. Not all B. Not every C. Not everything 【答案】 1. B（后接 that he said，用 Not everything） 2. B（后接单数名词 exercise → Not every） 易错点05 定语从句：关系代词的混用 【错因辨析】 【宜用 that 的6种情况】（高频考点） ①先行词为不定代词（all, little, much, something, anything, nothing等） ②先行词被 the only, the very, the last 等修饰 ③先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰 ④先行词既有人又有物 ⑤主句以 who 或 which 开头（避免重复） ⑥关系代词在从句中作表语 【宜用 which 的2种情况】 ①关系代词前有介词（in which, of which等） ②引导非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开） 【对点训练】 1.The only thing ______ really matters to an athlete is the performance on the court. A. which B. that C. what 2.The stadium ______ the final match was held can hold 80,000 people. A. in which B. which C. that 3.The team won the championship, ______ was beyond everyone's expectation. A. that B. which C. what 4.They talked about the coaches and the training methods ______ were unique to their club. A. that B. which C. who 【答案】 1.B（先行词被 the only 修饰 → that） 2.A（介词 in 提前，只能用 which → in which） 3.B（非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句 → which） 4.A（先行词既有人又有物 → that） 易错点06 other / another / the other / others / the others 【一句话辨异】Among all the sports in the Olympic Games, some are individual events like tennis, while others are team events like basketball（一些……另一些……，泛指）; another sport worth mentioning is skateboarding, which made its debut recently（另一个，三者以上中的又一个）; and among the two most popular events, one is athletics, and the other is swimming（两者中的另一个）. Of the 50 athletes on our team, 20 have participated before, and the others are freshmen（特定范围内的其余人）. We also have other sports clubs besides these（其他的，后接复数名词作定语）. 【错因辨析】 不定代词 含义 范围 数量 another 另一个（泛指） 三者以上 单个 the other 另一个（特指） 两者之间 单个 others 另一些（泛指） 不限定 复数 the others 其余的（特指） 特定范围 复数 other 其他的（作定语） 不限定 后接复数名词 【速记口诀】 两者之间用 one...the other； 三者以上用 one...another...the other； 泛指用 some...others； 特指用 some...the others。 【对点训练】 1.There are two pools. One is for professionals, and ______ is for beginners. A. another B. the other C. others 2.Some athletes are training, and ______ are resting. A. the other B. another C. others 3.The coach needs ______ two volunteers. A. other B. the other C. another 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. C（another + 数字 + 复数名词 = 还需要……） 一、单元知识回顾 1．写出与prefer/preference相关的短语 (1)______________宁愿做某事；更喜欢做某事 (2) ______________ 宁愿做A而不愿做B (3)______________对……偏爱 2．写出与shape相关的短语 (1)keep/be in shape ______________ (2)out of shape ______________ (3)in the shape of ______________ 3．写出与try相关的短语 (1)______________争取成为；参加选拔 (2)______________试验；测试；尝试 (3)______________试穿 (4)______________尽力 (5)______________努力/企图做…… 4．写出与desire相关的短语 (1)______________渴望做某事 (2)______________满足某人的愿望 5．写出与let 相关的短语 (1)let sb.down______________ (2)let out______________ (3)let alone______________ (4)let sb.alone______________ (5)let go of______________ 6．写出与keep 相关的短语 (1)keep up with______________ (2)keep up______________ (3)keep off ______________ (4)keep away from______________ (5)keep in touch with______________ 7．写出与defence相关的短语 (1)in defence of______________ (2)come to one’s defence ______________ (3)in one’s defence ______________ (4)defend...against/from (doing...)______________ 8． 写出与sight相关的短语 (1)______________看见 (2)______________看不见 (3)______________初看时 (4)______________一看见……就…… (5)______________看得见，在视野范围内 (6)______________看不见 【答案】 1．(1)prefer doing sth./to do sth. (2) prefer to do A rather than do B (3)have a preference for 2．(1)保持健康(2)变形，走样(3)以……的形状/形式 3．(1)try out for sth.(2)try out(3)try on(4)try one’s best (5)try to do... 4．(1)have a desire to do sth. (2)meet/satisfy one’s desire 5．(1)使失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望)(2)发出声音；放走；泄露(3)更不用说(4)不要管，不打扰某人(5)放开；释放 6．(1)跟上，保持同步(2)保持，继续；不使斗志低落 (3)使不接近，避开(4)远离；不接触(5)与…保持联系 7．(1)为了保卫/保护……；为……辩护 (2)出来保护某人(3)为某人辩护；站在某人一边 (4)防御;保护…以免受… 8.(1)catch sight of(2)lose sight of(3)at first sight (4)at the sight of(5)in sight(6)out of sight 二、词汇运用 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．She has a strong desire (渴望) to study abroad, but her family can't afford it. 2．All the children are too active to keep still because they are full of energy (精力)． 3．All the audience (观众) were moved into tears since the lecture was too moving. 4．I think the medicine will soon relieve (缓解) your sharp pain in the head. 5．Children usually get sick easily because their immune (免疫的) system doesn't work well. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The doctor suggests him taking more sports to strengthen (strong) his health so as to become much stronger. 2．The daughter's success in her study is a real relief (relieve) for the hard­working parents. 3．Children usually can't keep still for too long since they are very energetic (energy)． 4．We should walk or ride bikes as much as we can.This is because by doing this，we can reduce the emission of CO2. 5．Don't be too concerned about stress，which is beneficial (benefit) to us to some extent actually. Ⅲ.选词填空 try out for; let sb.down; keep up with; sign up; in particular 1．This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life. 2．Weather can be really tough in this city all the year round, in winter in particular． 3．Some teenage art lovers will try out for the school Drama Club next week. 4．They could not keep up with us when we climbed the mountain. 5．Taking his advantage into account，his adviser recommended that he sign up for Advanced Literature. Ⅳ.句式仿写 1．史密斯先生失业了，这使得他们的生活更加困难了。(which引导非限制性定语从句) Mr Smith is out of work, which makes their life more difficult． 2．在我看来，没有比打排球更好的运动了。(“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级) As far as I'm concerned, there is no sport better than playing volleyball． 3．努力学习，否则你下次考试就会不及格。(祈使句＋or＋陈述句) Study hard, or you won't pass the next test． 四、课文语法填空 Lesson 1 Paul and I were on our school basketball team，The Lions.We were both huge fans of the NBA.My favourite player was LeBron James while Paul’s favourite player was Tyrone Bogues,1. was the shortest player ever in the NBA.Paul was also shorter than other players so that he knew he had to practise 2. (much) than other players on the team.However，our coach had little confidence in him.So Paul was usually on the bench，being just a 3. (replace)．Everyone knew Paul had real skills and he desired 4. (play) for the team.Later，The Lions 5. (play) The Bears，whose record had been perfect this season.During the game，a player and I crashed into each other and my knee was 6. (bad) hurt.I had to give up the game.So Paul got the chance that he 7. (wait) for.Clearly，all the extra hours that he’d spent 8. (practise) alone paid off.He made shot after shot and when the game ended，our team had won 9. 2 points.After the game，our coach hit Paul on 10. shoulder and said that Paul had earned his place on the team. 答案:1.who 2.more 3.replacement4.to play5.were playing 6.badly 7.had been waiting8.practising 9.by 10.the Lesson 3: Long-distance running has a lot of benefits.1. particular，it is a great sport for beginners，because you needn’t a membership of a gym and do not need any special 2. (equip)．It is a good way 3. (know) yourself and understand 4. you are capable of. Running can help you be 5. (health) and prevent diseases.It can increase the flow of blood and oxygen to your brain and can also make your heart 6. (strong)．It can also strengthen your immune system and reduce the risk of 7. (get) health problems.Long-distance running can cheer you 8. and make you 9. (relief) from aches or tension because of stress. If you are a beginner for running，it is important to warm up and cool down properly before and after running to avoid 10. (hurt)yourself.After a long run，you should not stop immediately. 【答案】 1.In 2.equipment3.to know 4.what5.healthy6.stronger 7.getting 8.up 9.relieve 10.hurting 五、阅读理解 A You can’t imagine how terrible I felt at that time. A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet，I was determined to go ahead. I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first PE class，the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”． The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s，I realised running was a battle against myself，not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills! The night before my marathon，I dreamed that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous，but ready to prove something to myself. Shortly after crossing the start line，my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted! At mile 3，I passed a sign：“GO FOR IT，RUNNERS！” By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain，I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again. By mile 21，I was starving! As I approached mile 23，I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan.She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a．m. or questioned my expenses on running. I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact，I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. Determined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a “marathon winner”． 1．A month before the marathon，the author . A．lost hope B．felt scared C．was well trained D．made up his mind to run 2．Why did the author mention the PE class in his 7th year? A．To acknowledge the support of his teacher. B．To amuse the readers with a funny story. C．To show he was not talented in sports. D．To share a precious memory. 3．How was the author’s first marathon? A．He made it. B．He quitted halfway. C．He got the first prize. D．He walked to the end. 4．What does the story mainly tell us? A．One is never too old to learn. B．Failure is the mother of success. C．A winner is one with a great effort of will. D．A man owes his success to his family support. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己成功完成马拉松比赛的经历，他觉得跑马拉松不是与他人的竞争，而是在与自己的身体和思想作斗争，是一场意志的考验。 1. D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的A month before my first marathon one of my ankles was injured  and this  meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet，I was determined  to go ahead.（在我第一次参加马拉松比赛的前一个月，我的一个脚踝受伤了，这意味着两周内不能参加比赛，只剩下两周的训练时间了，然而，我决心继续比赛。）可知，作者尽管脚踝受伤，但是仍然下定决心继续跑步，故选D。 2.C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的In my first P．E．class，the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball.I didn't do either well.He later informed me that I was "not athletic"．（在我的第一堂体育课上，老师要求我们跑几圈，然后打垒球。我两个都做得不好。后来他告诉我说我"不擅长运动"。）可知，作者提到七年级的事情，是为了说明自己不是一个擅长运动的人。故选C。 3. A 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished!（我是最后一个跑完的选手之一。但我跑完了！）可知，作者最终跑完了马拉松，他做到了。故选A。 4. C 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段的Determined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels（世俗标签），I can now call myself a "marathon winner" .（我决心做我自己，继续前进，摆脱羞耻和世俗的标签，我现在可以称自己为"马拉松冠军"。）以及通过整体分析可知本文主要讲了作者在参加马拉松之前脚踝受伤，但仍然决心继续训练，作者认为跑步是对自己的一种较量，而不是竞争或者是否是运动的。这是关于自己的身体和思想的一场考验，最终作者跑完了马拉松并得到了一枚奖牌。可知作者通过这篇文章告诉我们胜利者是意志坚强的人。故选C。 B Many places around the world host marathons that aim to provide their runners with a special experience.If you're planning to run a race，check out some of these beautiful marathon destinations. Inca Trail Marathon Are you up for a challenge？Hosted at Cusco，Peru，the Inca Trail Marathon is regarded as one of the most difficult marathons in the world.With Cusco's rich history of being once the capital of the Inca Empire，participants can explore several ancient archeological sites.During the run，participants will get to see the surprising landscape of the "Lost City of the Incas"，Machu Picchu，and the Sacred Valley. Athens Marathon Held in Greece，the Athens Marathon is perfect for those of you who are interested in history，mythology（神话），and architecture.There are many tourist spots and historic sites to visit like the Parthenon and the Acropolis of Athens.During the race，audience will be cheering on the participants creating an atmosphere similar to the Olympics. Big Sur International Marathon Held at Carmel，California，the Big Sur International Marathon is known as the world's largest rural marathon.Before the race，participants generally visit the world﹣famous Monterey Bay Aquarium（水族馆），which owns rich animals.The Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park is another attraction stretching from 3000﹣foot mountain ridges（山脉） to underwater canyons and rocky seaside cliffs. Big Five Marathon Located at Limpopo，South Africa，participants can explore and check out the wildlife of the African savannah.The marathon is held in one of the "Big Five" game reserves in Africa.There are no fences or rivers that separate the runners from the African wildlife.Make sure to keep your mind clear.You might find an elephant or even find yourself running alongside giraffes. 5.At Inca Trail Marathon，participants can 　 　. A.make the best performance B.enjoy ancient architecture C.learn about the Inca Empire D.run through the Sacred Valley 6.What do participants often do before Big Sur International Marathon starts？ 　 　 A.They go up 3000﹣foot mountain ridges. B.They see all kinds of sea creatures. C.They visit underwater canyons. D.They climb rocky seaside cliffs. 7.If you are interested in buildings，you are advised to take part in 　 　. A.Athens Marathon B.Inca Trail Marathon C.Big Sur International Marathon D.Big Five Marathon 8.What should runners do when participating in Big Five Marathon？ 　 　 A.Protect the wild animals. B.Avoid meeting wild animals. C.Keep watch for wild animals. D.Be careful not to fall into rivers. 【答案】CBAC 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个与众不同的马拉松比赛。 5.C. 细节理解题。根据Inca Trail Marathon部分"With Cusco's rich history of being once the capital of the Inca Empire，participants can explore several ancient archeological sites.库斯科曾经是印加帝国的首都，有着丰富的历史，参与者可以探索几个古代考古遗址。"可知在印加马拉松比赛中，参赛者可以了解印加帝国。故选C。 6. B. 细节理解题。根据Big Sur International Marathon部分"Before the race，participants generally visit the world﹣famous Monterey Bay Aquarium（水族馆），which owns rich animals.在比赛之前，参赛者通常会参观世界闻名的蒙特利湾水族馆，那里拥有丰富的动物。"可知在大苏尔国际马拉松比赛开始前，参赛者通常会看到各种海洋生物。故选B。 7. A. 细节理解题。根据部分"Held in Greece，the Athens Marathon is perfect for those of you who are interested in history，mythology（神话），and architecture.雅典马拉松在希腊举行，对于那些对历史、神话和建筑感兴趣的人来说是完美的。"可知如果你对建筑感兴趣，建议你参加雅典马拉松。故选A。 8. C. 推理判断题。根据Big Five Marathon部分"There are no fences or rivers that separate the runners from the African wildlife.Make sure to keep your mind clear.You might find an elephant or even find yourself running alongside giraffes.没有栅栏或河流将跑步者与非洲野生动物隔开。一定要保持头脑清醒。你可能会发现一头大象，甚至发现自己和长颈鹿一起奔跑。"可知参加五大马拉松时，运动员应该注意野生动物。故选C。 六、七选五 You may think that choosing to lose weight requires a lot of effort and pain. The truth is，you can lose weight，feel healthier，and look amazing，all by doing small things every day. （1）　 　 .When you're ready to lose a few pounds，check out these five small everyday things you can do. （2）　 　. Believe it or not，the diameter of your dinner plate can have a dramatic impact on how much food you eat at any time of the day.The bigger your plate，the more you can fit on it，and the more you put into your body. Use a Food Diary or App It's so easy to sit at your desk or on the couch eating up an entire bag of potato chips，or a full packet of cookies. （3）　 　. If you keep a food diary or app outlining what you eat，how much of it，and how many calories it has，you may be more inclined to control your food intake. Drink More Water （4）　 　.Your body needs more water than you're probably giving it，and you may be reading the signs all wrong.Keep a water bottle on hand，drinking water throughout the day.By doing so，you can control your appetite while also making sure your body is not lack of water. Exercise More It seems like a given ﹣ you exercise，you lose weight.However，it's not only those 10﹣mile runs that make all the difference.（5）　 　.For instance，park further away at the grocery store，take the steps instead of the elevator and jog on the spot during TV ad breaks of your favorite show. A.Use Smaller Dishes B.Control your food intake C.You have to make plans for exercise. D.All too often，we mistake thirst for hunger. E.Many small changes can make a significant difference. F.Exercise doesn't have to be something you have to think about to do，and it can be fun. G.However，if you knew how many calories were in them，you may decide to change your mind. 【答案】EAGDF 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。你可能认为选择减肥需要很多努力和痛苦，但是事实上，你可以通过每天做一些小事来减肥。本文介绍你每天能做的五件小事。 【解答】（1）E.细节理解题。根据前句The truth is，you can lose weight，feel healthier，and look amazing，all by doing small things every day."事实上，你可以通过每天做一些小事来减肥、感觉更健康、看起来更迷人"，可知表示"许多微小的变化可以产生显著的变化"的选项E符合前后的语境，doing small things every day和small changes是关联词，故选E。 （2）A.主旨判断题。根据后句Believe it or not，the diameter of your dinner plate can have a dramatic impact on how much food you eat at any time of the day.The bigger your plate，the more you can fit on it，and the more you put into your body."信不信由你，你餐盘的直径会对你一天中的任何时候吃多少食物产生巨大的影响。你的餐盘越大，你能吃的越多，你放在身体里的食物也越多"，可知表示"用小一点的盘子"的选项A符合本段的主题，the diameter of your dinner plate和Use Smaller Dishes是关联词，故选A。 （3）G.细节理解题。根据后句If you keep a food diary or app outlining what you eat，how much of it，and how many calories it has，you may be more inclined to control your food intake."如果你用一本食物日记或一个应用程序来描述你吃了什么，吃了多少，有多少卡路里，你可能更倾向于控制你的食物摄入量"，可知表示"然而，如果你知道其中含有多少卡路里，你可能会改变主意"的选项G符合前后的语境，how many calories it has和how many calories were in them是关联词，故选G。 （4）D.细节理解题。根据后句Your body needs more water than you're probably giving it，and you may be reading the signs all wrong."你的身体需要的水比你可能给的要多，你可能看错了信号"，可知表示"我们常常误以为口渴就是饥饿"的选项D符合前后的语境，be reading the signs all wrong和mistake thirst for hunger是关联词，故选D。 （5）F.推理判断题。根据后句For instance，park further away at the grocery store，take the steps instead of the elevator and jog on the spot during TV ad breaks of your favorite show."例如，把车停在离你更远的杂货店，用台阶代替电梯，在你最喜欢的电视节目的电视广告休息时间，在现场慢跑"，可知表示"锻炼不一定是你必须考虑去做的事情，而且可以很有趣"的选项F符合前后的语境，对后面的例子的解释，故选F。 七、完形填空 (2025·T8联考) If there's one crucial lesson that Tara Snyder, a seasoned(有经验的) mail carrier for the U．S. Postal Service, reveals to every new 1 ， it's this：“Even if a dog seems friendly for 364 days of the year, they can still have a bad day—and bite.” Snyder speaks from 2 ． In April 2024, while completing her usual route in Pennsylvania, she 3 a resident's door to obtain a signature for a piece of mail. 4 she had time to react, a 70­pound dog charged out of the house and attacked her hand. She 5 to protect herself with her mailbag, but it was too late. “It 6 my hand open pretty severely，”she recalls. The injury required 17 stitches, a round of antibiotics, and three weeks off work to recover. This wasn't the first or last 7 between Snyder and aggressive dogs at that residence. On a separate occasion, another dog 8 her on the porch, though fortunately, she wasn't bitten that time. The incident has 9 Animal Control to investigate the owners, and the Postal Service is taking every 10 to protect its mail carriers. Sadly, Snyder's story is far from 11 ： according to Postal Service data, there were 5，800 reported dog­related incidents involving postal workers in 2023. This brings us to the 12 paw­print stickers you may have noticed on mailboxes. An orange sticker 13 a dog resides at that address, while a yellow sticker shows that a dog lives nearby. The 14 was to warn Postal Service employees and other delivery workers to remain alert(警惕的)， 15 around dogs with a known history of negative reactions to mail carriers. 1. A.employer B．customer C．trainee D．neighbour 2. A.experience B．capability C．knowledge D．profession 3. A.kicked B．opened C．blocked D．approached 4. A.Until B．Before C．Since D．Immediately 5. A.failed B．managed C．attempted D．resolved 6. A.pushed B．tore C．threw D．speared 7. A.bond B．encounter C．disagreement D．competition 8. A.cornered B．discouraged C．squeezed D．accompanied 9. A.urged B．empowered C．directed D．persuaded 10. A.turn B．energy C．measure D．course 11. A.unique B．simple C．common D．frequent 12. A.plain B．sketched C．faded D．colored 13. A.hides B．signals C．flashes D．introduces 14. A.prospect B．occupation C．expectation D．intention 15. A.especially B．reasonably C．occasionally D．constantly 【答案及详解】 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是美国邮局的邮递员Snyder给新来的培训生分享送件时遭遇恶犬并受伤的经历。这次经历也推动了美国邮局采取措施来保护邮递员。他们想到的方法是在邮箱上贴“狗狗贴纸”，来提醒邮递员注意恶犬。 1. 答案：C 解析：根据前文中的“seasoned（有经验的）mail carrier”可知，Snyder在给新来的培训生（trainee）做经验分享。employer意为“雇主”，customer意为“顾客”，neighbour意为“邻居”，均不符合语境。 2. 答案：A 解析：根据后文提到的2024年4月发生的被恶狗撕咬的故事可知，此处表示Snyder是结合个人经历（experience）来讲述的。speak from experience为固定搭配，意为“凭经验说话”。capability意为“能力”，knowledge意为“知识”，profession意为“职业”。 3. 答案：D 解析：根据语境可知，Snyder是走向（approach）大门，获得邮件的签名。approach意为“走近，靠近”。kicked意为“踢”，opened意为“打开”，blocked意为“阻挡”，均不符合语境。 4. 答案：B 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示她还没来得及（before）反应，一只70磅重的狗就冲了出来。Before she had time to react意为“在她还没来得及反应之前”。Until意为“直到”，Since意为“自从”，Immediately意为“立即”，均不符合句意。 5. 答案：C 解析：根据后文中的“but it was too late”可知，她尝试（attempt）去保护自己，但没有成功。attempt to do sth.意为“尝试去做某事”；manage to do sth.意为“设法成功做成某事”，与后文“但为时已晚”矛盾。failed意为“失败”，后面应接不定式to do；resolved意为“决心”，不符合语境。 6. 答案：B 解析：根据句意可知，此处表示狗撕咬她的手。tear…open为固定搭配，意为“将……撕开”。pushed意为“推”，threw意为“扔”，speared意为“用尖物刺穿”，均不符合语境。 7. 答案：B 解析：根据前文内容可知，此处表示这不是第一次或最后一次与恶狗的对峙（encounter）。encounter意为“遭遇，邂逅”，此处指人与狗之间的冲突遭遇。bond意为“纽带”，disagreement意为“分歧”，competition意为“竞争”，均不符合语境。 8. 答案：A 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示另一只狗把她堵在门廊。corner作为动词，意为“将……逼入死角；使……走投无路”。discouraged意为“使气馁”，squeezed意为“挤压”，accompanied意为“陪伴”，均不符合语境。 9. 答案：A 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示此事件促使动物控制部门去调查狗主人。urge sb. to do sth.意为“鼓动/敦促某人做某事”。empower sb. to do sth.意为“给某人权力去做某事，增加（某人的）自主权”，directed意为“指示”，persuaded意为“说服”。此处强调的是事件的推动力，故选A。 10. 答案：C 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示美国邮局采取措施保护邮递员。take measures to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“采取措施做某事”。take a turn意为“转弯；转变”，take energy意为“花费精力”，take course意为“修课程；采取路线”，均不符合搭配。 11. 答案：A 解析：后文介绍了2023年有5，800起与狗有关的事件涉及邮递员。因此，此处表示Snyder的故事并不是唯一的。far from unique为常用表达，意为“并不独特”。simple意为“简单的”，common意为“常见的”，frequent意为“频繁的”，均不符合句意。 12. 答案：D 解析：根据后文中的“orange”和“yellow”可知，此处指涂成不同颜色的贴纸。colored在此处为形容词，意为“有颜色的”。plain意为“素色的，无花纹的”，sketched意为“素描的”，faded意为“褪色的”，均不符合语境。 13. 答案：B 解析：根据语境可知，一个橘色贴纸表示（signal）这家有狗，黄色的表示附近有狗。signal意为“表明，表示”。hides意为“隐藏”，flashes意为“闪烁”，introduces意为“介绍”，均不符合语境。 14. 答案：D 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示贴不同颜色的贴纸的目的（intention）是提醒邮局的工作人员和其他送货员保持警惕。intention意为“意图，目的”。prospect意为“前景”，occupation意为“职业，占领”，expectation意为“期望”，均不符合语境。 15. 答案：A 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示特别是（especially）在对邮递员有负面反应历史的狗的周围保持警惕。especially意为“尤其，特别”，强调在特定情况下要格外注意。reasonably意为“合理地”，occasionally意为“偶尔”，constantly意为“不断地”，均不符合句意。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $