Unit 4 Humour（知识清单）英语北师大版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语Unit 4 Humour知识清单系统整合了词汇、语法、写作及阅读等核心内容，涵盖阅读词汇、写作词汇、词汇变形等多维度词汇模块，现在完成进行时等时态及副词用法的语法要点，幽默故事写作框架与素材，搭建从基础积累到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类梳理（如话题词汇分“幽默类型”“发笑原因”等）、对比辨析（如现在完成时与现在完成进行时用法对比）、实用设计（如写作“笑点过渡句”模板、易错点“-ing/-ed形容词特殊考点”表格）呈现知识体系，突出语言能力培养与思维品质提升。特别标注“高考辨析”“即时小练”等模块，如“deserve doing=deserve to be done”用法总结，帮助学生高效掌握重难点，教师可据此设计分层教学活动，助力学生自主学习与课堂教学实效提升。

Unit 4 Humour 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. a sense of humour 2.deduce from 3.physical and psychological tension 4.do a double take 5.suffer from infection 6.throw in that old saucer 7.live it down 8.rely on non-verbal humour 9.the plot of a funny story 10.a clumsy series of movements 11.be hard-wired into us 12.interact with surrounding people 13.collapse with laughter 14.swing one’s arms wildly 15.pretend to be totally calm 16.cause widespread anxiety 17.an amusing daily incident 18.a play on words 19.feel terrified and dizzy 20.have a bit of a crisis 二、写作词汇： 1. 放声大笑 2. 具有深远的影响 3. 给生活增添乐趣 4. 放松全身 5. 缓解压力和焦虑 6. 增进人际关系 7. 提升团队协作 8. 营造轻松氛围 9. 遭遇尴尬场景 10. 依靠肢体语言 11. 令某人好笑的是 12. 哄堂大笑 13. 出人意料的结局 14. 玩文字梗 15. 给人一种幸福感 16. 名副其实 17. 感到精力充沛 18. 化解尴尬 19. 为生活增添乐趣 20. 去露营 三、词汇变形： 1. humo(u)r n.幽默，诙谐adj. → adj. 诙谐的，幽默的→ adj.非常严肃的，缺少幽默感的 2. n. 焦虑，不安，担心→ anxious adj. 焦虑的；急切的 3. adj.极度惊恐的→terrify v.使恐惧；使惊吓→ n.恐怖；可怕的人或事→ adj.吓人的 4. embarrassed adj.难堪的，尴尬的→ v.使难堪，使为难→ adj.使人尴尬的，使人难堪的→ n.窘迫，尴尬 5. adv.漫不经心地→casual adj.随便的；非正式的；偶然的 6. adv.装作若无其事地；无辜地→innocent adj.无辜的；无罪的；无知的 7. adj.忠诚的→faith n.信仰；信念；信任；忠实 8. adv.可能地；潜在地→potential adj.潜在的，可能的 n.潜力；可能性 9. adj.科学（上）的→science n.科学；学科；理科→ adv.系统地；合乎科学地；学问上 10. n.测量，计量，衡量→measure n.测量；措施；程度vt.测量；估量；权衡 11. n.就诊；咨询→consult vt.查询；商量；请教→ n.顾问；咨询者 12. vt.宣布，宣告→announcement n.公告；宣告；发表；通告 13. n.喜剧演员→comedy n.喜剧；滑稽；幽默 14. n.国籍→nation n.国家；民族→ adj.国家的；国有的；民族的 15. vt.使开心；逗笑→amused adj.被逗乐的；觉得好玩的→ adj.有趣的，好玩的；逗笑的→ n.消遣，娱乐；乐趣 16. adv.完全地，纯粹地，仅仅→pure adj.纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的 17. adj.广泛适用的；共同的，普遍的→ adv. 普遍地→universe n.宇宙；天地万物 18. adj.吃惊的，惊讶的→ adj. 惊人的；令人惊讶的→astonish v.（使）惊讶；（使）害怕→ n.惊讶；令人惊讶的事物 19. n.创造物，作品→create vt.创造，创作；造成→ adj.创造性的→ n.创造力；创造性 20. adj.学术的→academy n.研究院；学会；专科院校→ adv.学术上；学业上 21. n.制作人，制片人→produce vt.生产；引起；制作；生育，繁殖→ n. 产品；结果→ adj.生产的；多产的；富有成效的 22. adv.很少，难得→rare adj.稀有的 23. adj.确信的，信服的→convince vt.说服；使确信，使信服→ adj.信服的；有说服力的→ 24. adj.要求极严的；苛求的→demand vt.要求 25. n.政治家→police n.警察部门；警察→ n.政策，方针，策略→political adj.政治（上）的，政府的；政党的→ n.政治，政治活动（事务） 四、拓展词汇 1. chemical formula 化学式；分子式 2.box office 票房 3.want the floor to open and consume me 真希望地板裂开把我吞下去 4.want to vanish into thin air on the spot 想要当场就地消失得无影无踪 5.I could have died of embarrassment. 我尴尬得要命。 6.I was sitting on pins and needles, too ashamed to lift my head. 我如坐针毡，羞愧得抬不起头。 7.swing one’s arms wildly 疯狂挥舞手臂 8.a series of simple and funny clumsy acts 一系列简单又好笑的笨拙举动 9.deadpan facial expressions 死板的表情 10.relax the tense muscles all over the body 放松全身紧绷的肌肉 11.stiff facial looks 僵硬的面部表情 12.collapse with laughter 笑得直不起腰 13.burst into loud laughter 放声大笑 14.roar with laughter 哄堂大笑 15.smile actively even when upset 即便心烦意乱也要主动微笑 16.unbalanced mood reflected in stiff body language 失衡的情绪体现在僵硬的肢体语言中17.tired and dull facial expressions 疲惫呆滞的面部表情 18.get a scholarship for study 获得学业奖学金 19.study in a boarding school for long 长期就读寄宿学校 20.achieve small goals little by little 一步步实现小目标 五、熟词生义 1. consume 原句：I was so embarrassed that I wanted the floor to open and consume me.（Topic Talk 听力文本） 教材语境释义：vt.吞噬，吞没（夸张修辞，形容尴尬到想被地面吞没、消失） 生义① vt. Small cars consume less petrol. 生义② vt. People consume huge amounts of fruit every summer. 生义③ vt. be consumed with eg.She was consumed with anger after hearing the news. 生义④ vt. The big fire consumed the whole wooden house. 2.swing 原句：As a result, I attacked back with a wild swing.（Topic Talk听力文本） 教材语境释义：n.（拳击）胡乱挥拳，大幅度挥舞动作 动词v.过去式 过去分词 生义①vi. The lantern swung gently in the wind. 生义②vt.&vi. I’ll swing by the grocery store on my way. 生义③vt. He swung his bag over his shoulder. 名词n. 生义① While sitting on a swing,she swung higher and higher. 生义② He took a wild swing at the ball. 挥拍击球 3. measure 原句：According to the scientific measurement of time...（ Lesson 1 ） 教材语境释义：v. 测量；计量；n. 测量，计量 动词v. 生义① They measured the length of the classroom. 生义② We shouldn’t measure success only by money. (measure...by...) linking v. It measures 20 yards from side to side.（无被动语态和进行时态） 名词 n. 生义① The government took strict measures to protect the river. (take measures/steps/action to do sth.) 生义② Exam results are only one measure of a school’s success. 生义③ The coat is made to your own measure. (make sth. to one’s measure) 生义④ Solving environmental pollution depends in large measure on whether we can use clean energy in a reasonable way. (in large measure) 六、话题词汇梳理 1.幽默类型 Types of humour funny stories 幽默故事 comedies 喜剧 cross talks 相声 clever jokes 机智幽默的笑话 play on words 文字游戏；用双关语 imitate accents, facial expressions and manners 模仿面部表情举止 pretend to be other people 假装成别人 the interaction between characters 角色之间的互动 funny accidents in daily life 日常生活中的搞笑意外 make jokes about your own mistakes 拿自己的错误自嘲 self-depreciation 自我贬低 satire 讽刺 visual and physical type of comedy 视觉与身体喜剧 body language comedy 肢体语言喜剧 2.发笑原因 Reasons for laughing funny plots/acts 有趣的剧情/动作 clever conversations 聪明的对话 funny imitation of accents, facial expressions and manners 有趣的模仿口音、面部表情和举止 things go against people’s expectations 事情与人们的预期相反 silly body movements and ridiculous little behaviors 愚蠢的身体动作和荒唐的小举动 deadpan facial expressions and subtle physical movements 面无表情的面部神态和不易察觉的肢体动作 carefully planned physical slapstick scenes 精心设计的肢体滑稽打闹场景 ordinary embarrassing and awkward daily situations 普通的令人难堪又尴尬的日常状况 3.大笑好处 Benefits of humour and laughter physical benefits 身体益处 relieve tension 缓解紧张 relax the muscles in our body 放松我们身体的肌肉 increase blood flow to the heart 增加流向心脏的血流量 improve the function of blood vessels 改善血管功能 help protect us from heart disease 帮助保护我们免受心脏病侵害 mental and psychological benefits 精神和心理层面的益处 have far-reaching effects 具有深远影响 Being positive and funny makes people feel energised. 积极风趣会让人感到精力充沛。 4.社交人际 Social benefits build relationships 建立关系 relax moods 放松心情 develop friendships 发展友谊 make relationships stronger 让关系更牢固 enhance teamwork 提升团队协作 deal with awkward situations comfortably 轻松应对尴尬处境 5.喜剧代表人物及经典作品 world-famous comedy actor, director and screenwriter 世界知名喜剧演员、导演、编剧 typical representative of British physical comedy 英式肢体喜剧典型代表 hold a master’s degree in electrical engineering 拥有电气工程硕士学位 often get stuck in various awkward situations 时常陷入各种尴尬窘境 rely mainly on body language to create humour 主要依靠肢体语言制造幽默 world-famous comedy actor, director and screenwriter 世界知名喜剧演员、导演、编剧 be famous for slapstick comedy 以肢体打闹喜剧闻名 combine physical comedy with social reflections 将肢体喜剧与社会思考融合 silent film masterpiece 无声电影经典代表作 turn ordinary people’s hardship into delight 将普通人的苦难化为乐趣 写作 句型 1. I was so embarrassed that I wanted the floor to open up and consume me. 我尴尬得恨不得地上有条缝能让我钻进去。 句型结构：主语+ be so +形容词+ that+结果状语从句 仿写练习：我如此惊讶，一时间不知道该说什么。 2. You won’t believe it but a funny thing happened to me last week. 你一定想不到，上周我遇到一件趣事。 句型结构：You won’t believe it but + 完整陈述句 仿写练习：你一定想不到，上周我闹出了一个大笑话。 3.The other day, I was waiting in a café when something amusing took place. 几天前，我正在咖啡馆等候，一件有趣的事发生了。 句型结构：The other day, 主语 + was doing… when … 仿写练习：我正站在汽车旁边，这时一只蜂鸟飞到我们队伍的中心，开始盘旋。 4. Then came the surprising reply that made everyone burst into laughter. 随后出人意料的回答让所有人哄堂大笑。 句型结构：Then came + 名词（倒装句）+ that 定语从句 仿写练习：随后出现滑稽的一幕，让在场所有人哄堂大笑。 语法 1. 进行时态：现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来进行时 2. 副词 写作 介绍自己喜欢的喜剧演员。 一、知识点精讲 1. pretend vi.&vt. 假装，装作 【原句重现】 My favourite kind of comedy is when someone pretends to be someone else. （Topic Talk） 我最喜欢的喜剧类型是有人伪装成另一个人的那种。 【点拨归纳】 that... 假装…… to be... 假装是…… pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事 to have done sth. 假装做了某事 eg.He pretended to his family that he had a great life in the city. 他对家人谎称自己在城里过得很好。 eg.Then we wore false beards to pretend to be the musicians that people were familiar with. 后来我们戴上假胡须，假扮成人们熟知的音乐人。 eg.They pretend to live a traditional lifestyle,wear traditional clothes and live in traditional houses in order to attract tourists. 他们为了吸引游客，假装过着传统的生活方式、穿着传统服饰、住在传统房屋里。 eg.He pretended to be reading when the teacher passed by the window. 老师经过窗边的时候，他假装正在看书。 eg.The applicant pretended to have worked for a newspaper before. 应聘者谎称之前曾在一家报社工作过。 2.anxiety n. 焦虑，不安，担心 【原句重现】 Research shows that laughing has significant benefits;it relieves stress and anxiety,relaxes the whole body and gives one a sense of well being. （Topic Talk） 研究表明，大笑有显著的益处：它能缓解压力和焦虑，放松全身，还能给人带来幸福感。 【词汇拓展】 ①anxiety n. 焦虑，不安，担心 anxiety about/over... 对……的担忧 anxiety for... 对……的渴望 anxiety to do... 对做……的渴望 eg.There is anxiety about the final exam in the classroom. 教室里弥漫着对期末考试的焦虑情绪。 It is our anxiety for being successful that supports us to overcome all kinds of difficulties. 正是我们对取得成功的渴望支撑着我们克服各种各样的困难。 We can feel their anxiety to win the game. 我们能感受到他们想要赢得比赛的焦虑。 with anxiety 焦虑地 full of anxiety 饱含焦虑 anxiety and depression 焦虑和抑郁 anxiety disorder/neurosis 焦虑症 anxiety-provoking 引发焦虑的 ②anxious adj. 焦虑的，担心的；渴望的，急切的 be anxious about/for ... 对某事感到焦虑/担心 be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事 eg.My parents was anxious about me,because it was the first time that I had lived abroad alone. 我的父母很担心我，因为这是我第一次独自在国外生活。 We are anxious to get a better education so that we can seize the chance to have a brighter future. 我们渴望获得更好的教育，这样我们就能抓住机会拥有更光明的未来。 ③anxiously adv. 不安地，忧虑地 eg.They are waiting anxiously to see who will succeed（接替） him. 他们正焦急地等待着看谁会接替他。 【易混辨析】 anxious 指因忧虑、关注或害怕而产生的急切心情 eager 强调急于成功的迫切心情 keen 强调因兴趣强烈或欲望而急于做某事 eg.The government is anxious to improve its image. 政府急切希望改善形象。 The White House is eager to protect and enhance the reputation. 白宫急于维护并提升这一声誉。 The boy told me that he was keen to help. 男孩告诉我他很想帮忙。 3.terrified adj. 极度惊恐的 【原句重现】 You know what a strict teacher he is and we are all terrified of him. （Topic Talk 4.2听力材料） 你知道他是个多么严厉的老师，我们都很怕他。 【语句感知】 I had a terrifying experience which was terrible;as a result, I often feel terrified at the thought of it.I can’t shake off the terror it brings. 我有过一次非常可怕的恐怖经历，因此我一想到它就常常感到害怕，我摆脱不了它带来的恐惧。 【词汇拓展】 ①terrified adj. 极度惊恐的 be terrified of (doing) sth. 对（做）某事感到害怕 be terrified at/by... 被……吓一跳 be terrified that 害怕 eg.If you were under pressure to be perfect, you are terrified of failing in the most public of ways. 如果你曾背负着要做到完美的压力，你就会害怕以最受瞩目的方式失败。 We were all terrified by a rustling sound coming from beneath one of the seats. 我们都被从其中一个座位下方传来的沙沙声吓坏了。 She was terrified that one day her past problems would catch up with her. 她很害怕有朝一日过去的问题又会来困扰她。 ②terrify vt.使恐惧；使惊吓 terrify sb. into (doing) sth. 恐吓某人做某事 eg.Monsanto should not terrify farmers into obeying their agreements by massive force and threats. 孟山都不应通过大规模武力和威胁恐吓农民，迫使他们遵守其协议。 ③terrifying adj. 吓人的，令人害怕的 eg.I still find it terrifying to find myself surrounded by large numbers of monkeys. 我仍然觉得发现自己被一大群猴子包围是件很可怕的事。 ④terror n. 恐怖；可怕的事 in terror 恐惧地 have a terror of (doing) sth. 害怕（做）某事 eg.Her eyes were wild with terror. 她的眼中满是惊恐，发狂似的。 ④terrible adj. 糟糕的 eg.A terrible thing happened last night. I mistook a stranger for my teacher.（语意让人糟心、难堪、糟糕） 昨晚发生了一件难堪的糗事，我把陌生人错认成老师。 A terrifying thing happened last night. I met a big wild dog alone. （语意侧重恐怖、吓人、令人恐惧） 昨晚发生一件吓人的事，我独自遇到一条大狗。 4.unbalanced adj. 不平衡的 【原句重现】 In the second round,I took such a hard hit from my opponent that I felt dizzy and unbalanced. （Topic Talk 4.2听力材料） 第二回合，我被对手重重一击，感到头晕目眩、身体失衡。 【词汇拓展】 ①unbalanced adj. 不平衡的;不稳定的； eg.The distribution of resource is unbalanced between rural and urban schools. 城乡学校之间的资源分布不均衡。 I knew how unbalanced Paula had been since my uncle Peter died. 我知道自从我叔叔彼得去世后，波拉的情绪有多么不稳定。 ②balanced n. 天平，称；平衡；结余；余额；余款 keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡 keep one’s balance 保持平衡 lose one’s balance=be out of balance 失去平衡 keep a balance between...and... 在……与……之间保持平衡 eg.The main factors to the accuracy of digital balance are introduced in this paper. 本文介绍了影响数字天平精度的主要因素。 Tourists often disturb the delicate balance of nature on the island. 游客经常会破坏这座岛上脆弱的自然平衡。 Keeping a proper balance between study and rest keeps us energetic. 在学习和休息之间保持适当的平衡能让我们精力充沛。 I’d like to check my bank balance on my account by using the Internet . 我想要通过网络查询我账户里的银行余额。 ③balance vt. 平衡；权衡 eg.The government has to find some ways to balance these two needs. 政府必须找到一些方法来平衡这两种需求。 5.confused adj. 困惑的 【原句重现】 He was confused and didn’t know if he should carry on hitting me,or stop and help Mr. Zhao - so he just stood here. （Topic Talk 4.2听力材料） 他懵了，不知道该继续打我，还是停下来帮赵先生——所以他就站在那儿。 【语句感知】 If you confuse theory with practice, you will be confused about these confusing concepts and end up standing there in confusion. 如果你将理论与实践混为一谈，你就会对这些难以理解的概念感到迷茫，最终不知所措。 【词汇拓展】 ①confused adj. 困惑的 be confused by... 被……弄糊涂 be confused about... 对……感到迷惑 eg.A survey showed people were confused about what they should eat to stay healthy. 一项调查显示，人们对于要保持健康应该吃什么感到困惑。 ②confusing adj. 令人困惑的 eg.From the teacher’s confused look,we could see that he hadn’t expected that we could raise such a confusing question to him. 从老师困惑的神情中，我们可以看出他没料到我们会向他提出这样一个令人费解的问题。 ③confuse vt. 使困惑；使混淆 confuse A with B... 把A和B混淆 eg.Be careful not to confuse quality with quantity. 注意不要把质量和数量混淆了。 ④confusion n. 困惑 in confusion 困惑地 eg.If you want to live a different life without understanding what has brought that confusion,you will always be in contradiction,in conflict,in confusion. 如果你想过一种与众不同的生活，却不明白是什么带来了这种困惑，那你将永远处于矛盾、冲突和困惑之中。 6.consultation n. 就诊；咨询 【原句重现】 Finally,after he had been waiting for about half an hour,he was called in for his consultation. （Lesson1 Story3） 最后，在他等了大约半个小时之后，他被叫进去问诊了。 【词汇拓展】 ①consultation n. 就诊；咨询 (close) consultation with sb. 与某人（仔细）磋商 eg.I made up mind to major in English in the future after consultation with my parents and teachers. 在和父母以及老师商量过后，我下定决心未来要主修英语。 ②consultant n. 顾问；咨询者 a financial/technology/design consultant 金融/技术/设计顾问 a consultant on... 某方面的顾问 eg.He was happy to act as the president’s consultant on economic affairs. 他乐于担任总统的经济事务顾问。 The consultant was a woman who had many unanswered questions. 这位女性咨询者有许多有待解决的问题。 ③consult vt.咨询，请教；商量；查阅 consult sb. about sth. 向某人咨询某事 consult (with) sb. about/on sth. 与某人商量/磋商某事 consult a dictionary 查字典 eg.Anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique. 任何想要尝试竞走的人，或许都应该先咨询教练或经验丰富的竞走运动员，学习正确的技巧。 She had not failed to notice that he did not seem to consult her about buying clothes for himself. 她确实注意到，他给自己买衣服的时候似乎并没有征求她的意见。 Please consult some of the references given at the end of this article. 请查阅本文末尾给出的部分参考文献。 7.deserve vt. 值得，应得，应受到 【原句重现】 I really don’t think I deserve a zero. （Lesson1 P11） 我真的认为我不该得零分。 【点拨归纳】 deserve +n./pron. (praise/respect/credit) 值得，应得（表扬/尊重/赞扬） deserve to be/do... 应该是/做 …… deserve doing=deserve to be done ……值得做（主动形式表被动含义，同need,require,want用法相似） eg.He deserved punishment, not death, as everyone should get a chance to repent. 他理应受罚，但罪不至死，因为每个人都应该有悔改的机会。 Some people may feel that their work is less valuable than others’ and do not deserve acknowledgement. 有些人可能会觉得自己的工作不如别人的有价值，不值得被认可。 With what he had done ,he deserved to earn peoples respect. 鉴于他的所作所为，他理应赢得人民的尊重。 The great benefits laughter brings to our body deserve mentioning. The great benefits that laughter brings to our bodies deserve to be mentioned. 欢笑带给我们身体的诸多益处值得一提。 8.amuse vt. 使开心；逗笑 【原句重现】 He has a reputation for constantly encountering awkward situations,which greatly amuses audiences of all nationalities and cultures. （Lesson3） 他以总是遇到尴尬状况而闻名，这极大地逗乐了所有国籍和不同文化背景的观众。 【语句感知】 To my amusement, the amusing little clown amused the whole audience, and all were greatly amused by his silly body language. 令我觉得好笑的是，这个有趣的小丑逗乐了全场观众，所有人都被他滑稽的肢体动作逗得十分开心。 【词汇拓展】 ①amuse vt. 使开心；逗笑 amuse sb/oneself by/with sth. 通过……来逗某人/自己开心 eg.She amused herself with funny short videos when staying alone. 她独处时靠搞笑短视频自娱自乐。 ②amusement n. 消遣，娱乐；娱乐活动 to one’s (great) amusement 令人感到（极）好笑的是 eg.I stumbled sideways before landing flat on my back,much to the amusement of the rest of the guys. 我脚下一滑歪向一边，随后结结实实仰面摔在了地上，其余的小伙子们见状都乐坏了。 eg.People had very few amusements to choose from.There was no radio,or television. 人们可供选择的娱乐活动少之又少。当时没有收音机，也没有电视。 ③amusing adj. 有趣的，逗人笑的 an amusing story/game/incident 逗人笑的故事/游戏/事件 eg.His amusing performance caused a roar of laughter from the audience. 他那有趣的表演引得观众哄堂大笑。 He likes to surround himself with amusing people. 他喜欢让自己身边围绕着有趣的人。 ④amused adj. 觉得好笑的 be amused at/by 对……感到好笑 be amused to do sth. 做某事而感到好笑 eg.There was an amused look on the President’s face. 总统面带愉悦的神情。 A great number of visitors are amused by the live show Wang Po Matchmaking at Wansui Mountain, which accounts for its huge popularity. 大量游客都被万岁山的实景演出《王婆说媒》逗乐，这也是该演出大受欢迎的原因。 He was amused to see how seriously she took the game. 看到她把这个游戏看得这么认真，他觉得很有趣。 9.rely on 依赖；信赖 【原句重现】 His humour is always made clear through a series of simple and funny acts that rely purely on body language that is universal.（Lesson3） 他的幽默总是通过一系列简单又好笑的动作清晰地展现出来，完全依靠肢体语言这一全世界都能理解的方式。 【词汇拓展】 ①rely on 依赖；信赖 rely (heavily/entirely) on/upon sb./sth. (很大程度上/完全）依赖/指望某人/某物 rely on sb. doing sth. 指望/相信某人做某事 rely on sb. to do sth. 指望/相信某人做某事 rely on it that... 相信……（事情）；指望……（事情） eg.We rely on the comedian to bring us laughter. 我们相信这位喜剧演员（本人）能带给我们欢笑。 We rely on the comedian bringing us laughter. 我们相信喜剧演员能给我们带来欢笑。 Students prefer to rely on peers to relieve stress and anxiety. 学生更倾向于依靠同龄人来缓解压力和焦虑。 You can rely on it that our team will spare no effort to win the competition. 你尽管放心，我们团队会全力以赴赢得这场比赛。 ②reliable adj.可以依赖的；可以信赖的→unreliable adj.不可靠的→reliably adv.可靠地；确实地→reliability n.可靠性 reliable information 可靠咨询 a reliable witness 可信的目击证人 reliable friends 可信赖的朋友 eg.The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. （2024 ·新Ⅱ卷） 这种创新设计无需耗费太多精力，就能实现每周稳定供应新鲜绿叶蔬菜。 10.astonished adj.吃惊的，惊讶的 【原句重现】 When he looks at the menu,an astonished look quickly appears on his face.（Lesson3） 当他看菜单时，惊讶的神色迅速出现在他脸上。 【语句感知】 To my astonishment, the astonishing trend of foreign fans loving traditional Chinese culture astonishes netizens worldwide, and many people are astonished by its influence. 令我惊讶的是，海外网友热爱中国传统文化这一令人惊叹的潮流让全网网友感到震撼，很多人都对它的影响力倍感惊奇。 【词汇拓展】 ①astonish vt.使……十分惊讶；使……吃惊 astonish sb. with/by sth. 用/通过某事使某人惊讶 It astonish sb. (that)... ……使某人吃惊 eg.He purposed to both amuse and astonish the audience with his performance. 他打算用表演既逗乐观众，又让观众感到震撼。 eg.It astonished me that she still remembered my name. 她居然还记得我的名字，这让我很惊讶。 ②astonished adj.吃惊的，惊讶的 be astonished to do/at/by/that... 对（做）……感到惊讶 eg.He was astonished at what he found:a man was lying in the box. 她居然还记得我的名字，这让我很惊讶。 ③astonishing adj.惊人的，令人惊讶的→astonishingly adv.令人惊讶地 eg.China is developing at an astonishing speed,and will soon be one of the most powerful countries in the world. 中国正以惊人的速度发展，很快将成为世界上最强大的国家之一。 ④astonishment n.惊讶 to one’s astonishment 令某人感到惊讶的是 in astonishment 惊讶地 eg.To my astonishment, my daughter booked a trip abroad without my knowledge. 令我惊讶的是，我女儿在我不知情的情况下预订了一次出国旅行。 She shrieked twice-first in astonishment,the in rage. 她尖叫了两次——第一次是出于惊讶，第二次是出于愤怒。 11.talent n. 天资，天赋，才能 【原句重现】 As early as primary school,Rowan had already shown a talent for acting,but it was...（Lesson3） 早在小学时，罗恩就已经展现出了表演天赋，但…… 【词汇拓展】 ①talent n. 天资，天赋，才能 talent contest 才艺比赛 have a talent for 有……的天赋 show a talent for 展现出……天赋 eg.From an early age she displayed a precocious talent for music. 她从小就展现出了过人的音乐天赋。 ②talented adj.有才能的，有天赋的→untalented adj.缺乏才能的；没有天赋的 be talented in (doing) sth. 擅长（做）某事 eg.Such humans will also be talented in creative endeavors of all kinds,including art,music,dance,theater,song,writing,public speaking and so on. 这类人也会在各类创造性活动中颇具天赋，包括美术、音乐、舞蹈、戏剧、歌唱、写作、公开演讲等等。 12.convinced adj.确信的，信服的 【原句重现】 ...when he worked with Atkinson he became convinced that Rowan would be more famous than Charlie Chaplin.（Lesson3） 他和阿特金森共事时，确信罗温会比查理·卓别林更有名。 【语句感知】 She convinced herself that she was right and her convincing speech made everybody present convinced. 她说服自己她是对的，而她那有说服力的演讲让所有在场的人都信服了。 【词汇拓展】 ①convinced adj.确信的，信服的 be convinced of/that... 坚信/确信…… eg.Because they are convinced of the data,they stuck to their opinion. 由于他们确信这些数据，所以坚持自己的观点。 ②convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的 convincing evidence/reason/explanation/argument 具有说服力的证据/原因/解释/论点 eg.The stories mentioned above are convincing evidence to prove that action is more important than planning. ③convince vt.使……相信；使……信服 convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb. that... 使某人相信…… eg.He had finally convinced several customers of the advantages of his product. 他最终已经说服了好几位客户，让他们相信了他的产品的优势。 My parents have always convinced me to challenge myself,for which I’m really grateful. 我的父母一直说服我去挑战自我，对此我非常感激。 I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself,not with me. 我努力说服自己，问题出在事情本身，而不是我身上。 13.demand vt.要求n.需求；要求 【原句重现】 “I want a first-class seat on this flight,now!”demanded the man angrily.（Writing Workshop） “我要这趟航班的头等舱座位，现在就要！”男子怒气冲冲地要求道。 【词汇拓展】 ①demand vt.要求 demand to do sth. 要求/请求/需要做某事 demand sth. of sb. 向某人要求/请求某事 demand (that)...(should)do... 要求……做……（虚拟语气） eg.They need their dignity.They demand to be treated fairly. 他们需要自己的尊严。他们要求受到公平对待。 He demanded an immediate reply of us. He demanded of us to give an immediate reply. He demanded that we (should) give an immediate reply. 他要求我们立刻给出答复。 ②demand n.需求；要求 in demand 非常受欢迎或需要的 meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求 demand for 对……的需求 eg.Comedians with a good sense of humour are greatly in demand. 幽默感出众的喜剧演员十分受欢迎。 We are seeing an increasing demand for housing in the area. 我们看到该地区的住房需求正在上升。 Schools should try their best to satisfy students’ demands for diverse after‑school activities. 学校应当尽力满足学生对于多样化课外活动的需求。 ③demanding adj.需求高技能（或耐性等）的；费力的；要求极严的；苛求的 a demanding job 要求很高的工作 a demanding boss/child 苛刻的老板；难以满足的孩子 physically demanding 对身体素质要求高的 eg.Basketball is an interesting sport, but it’s also physically demanding. 篮球是一项有趣的运动，但它对体力要求也很高。 二、核心语法精讲 （一）进行时态：现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来进行时 三类时态核心都是进行，强调一段持续的动作；区别在于时间基准： 现在完成进行时：以现在为参照 过去完成进行时：以过去某个时间点为参照 将来进行时：以将来某个时间点为参照 1.现在完成进行时（Present Perfect Continuous） 【语句重现】 ①Students in my class have been practicing the dance over the past three weeks. ②We have been waiting for Mary for half an hour, but she hasn’t turned up until now. ③They have been widening the road these days. ④It has been snowing for three hours. 【明晰规则】 基本结构 肯定：have / has + been + doing 否定：have / has + not + been + doing 疑问：Have / Has +主语+ been + doing 【核心用法】 ①动作从过去开始，持续到现在，仍可能继续进行 常搭配：for +时间段；since + 时间点；over the past/last + 时间段；these days eg.She has been learning French for two years. （她两年前开始学法语，一直学到现在，很有可能还会继续学下去。） ②动作刚刚结束，但结果仍影响现在（常带有疲惫、烦躁等语境） eg.You look tired. You have been working. （工作刚刚停下，但是 “疲惫” 这个当下的结果能够体现刚刚持续进行的动作。） ③强调持续时间之久，带有强烈感情色彩（埋怨、赞叹） eg.You have been talking on the phone for an hour! （重点突出通话时间太长，暗含埋怨、不满的情绪。） ④现阶段反复发生的动作 eg.He has been visiting museums these days. （这些天他屡次去参观博物馆，是近期反复发生的行为，并非持续不间断。） 【高考辨析】 现在完成时（have done）vs 现在完成进行时（have been doing） have done：侧重动作最终结果，动作往往已经完结； have been doing：侧重动作持续过程，强调不间断、持续性。 eg.①I have read the novel. 现在完成时。（强调结果——我已经读完这本书了，知晓书中内容，动作结束。） ②I have been reading the novel. 现在完成进行时。（强调阅读的持续过程，暗含一直在看，目前还没有读完。） eg.③He has written three articles. 现在完成时。（突出成果、数量，一共写完三篇文章）。 ④He has been writing articles all morning. 现在完成进行时。（强调一早上持续写作的过程，不强调写完多少篇，可能还在写。） 【即时小练】 ① People ________ (pour) into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. ② Many people around the world ________ (enjoy) car-free city centre streets for many years. ③ —Tony, why are your eyes red? —I ________ (cut) up peppers for the last five minutes. ④ Our friends and relatives ________ (come) around all the time recently. ⑤ A novel design approach to gardening ________ (gain) in popularity worldwide. ⑥ China ________________ reforms for the benefit of all its citizens.（中国一直在推行改革） ⑦ You’d better take your raincoat. It ________ for hours.（雨下了好几个小时） ⑧ She ________________ the letter since four o’clock.（她下午四点起一直在写信） 2.过去完成进行时（Past Perfect Continuous） 【语句重现】 ① Everything had been going wrong for him. ② After he had been feeling depressed for a month, he decided to go to the doctor. ③ They had been expecting the news for some time. ④ He found the train had been waiting for passengers. 【明晰规则】 基本结构 肯定：had + been + doing 否定：had not (hadn’t) + been + doing 疑问：Had + 主语 + been + doing 【核心用法】 ① 在过去某个动作之前，一直在持续进行的动作（“过去的过去” 持续进行） 标志：before, when, by the end of + 过去时间 eg. He had been waiting for 40 minutes before the train arrived. （火车到站（过去动作）之前，他一直在等候；“等候” 发生在过去动作之前，是过去的过去持续进行。） ② 过去某一时间之前反复发生的动作 eg.She had been trying to contact him for days before she finally got through. （在终于打通电话（过去时点）之前，她多次尝试联系他，强调过去一段时间内反复进行的行为。） ③ 持续到过去某个时间点仍未停止的动作 eg.By midnight last night, they had been discussing the plan for six hours. （截止到昨晚午夜（过去时间点），讨论已经持续 6 小时，午夜时分讨论还没有结束。） ④ 带有感情色彩（厌恶、感慨） eg.He had been complaining about the weather all the trip, which annoyed everyone. （旅途之中他一直在抱怨天气，暗含厌烦、不满的情绪，突出持续不断的行为带来的负面感受。） 【高考辨析】 过去完成时 (had done) vs 过去完成进行时 (had been doing) had done：过去之前动作已经完成； had been doing：过去之前动作持续进行，侧重过程 eg.① She had cleaned the house before her parents returned. 过去完成时。（父母回来前，打扫工作已经结束，结果：屋子干净了。） ② She had been cleaning the house before her parents returned. 过去完成进行时。（父母回来前她一直在打扫，强调持续劳作的过程，不一定全部打扫完毕。） eg.③He had collected 500 stamps before he was 16. 过去完成时。（突出累积成果，一共收集到 500 张邮票；出现数量、成果，优先用 had done。） ④He had been collecting stamps for many years before he was 16. 过去完成进行时。（强调多年持续收集的漫长过程，不侧重收集的总数。） 【即时小练】 ① She went to bed at twelve. She ________ (wait) for him for four hours. ② They ________ (build) the road by the end of last month. ③ She was sixty. She ________ (write) the novel since she was fifty-five. ④ I ________ (watch) TV before he called me. ⑤ She ________________ English before entering college.（上大学前她一直在学英语） ⑥ He was tired. He ________________ for 8 hours.（他很累，他已经连续工作8小时） 3.将来进行时（Future Continuous） 【语句重现】 ① Don’t come at eleven because I will be babysitting my niece. ② By this time next month, we will be lying on the beach sunbathing. ③ At this time tomorrow, I shall be flying to London. ④ Will you be using your textbook tomorrow? 【明晰规则】 基本结构 肯定：will / shall + be + doing 否定：will not (won’t) / shall not (shan’t) + be + doing 疑问：Will / Shall + 主语 + be + doing shall 多用于第一人称 I /we，现代英语中可统一用will 【核心用法】 ①将来某一时刻 / 某段时间，动作正在持续进行 标志词：at this time tomorrow/next week; by this time next month; at +钟点+将来时间 eg.At this time tomorrow, I will be taking a flight to Beijing. （锁定明天此刻这个特定将来时点，强调届时动作正在发生。） ②将来一段时间内持续延续的动作 eg.We will be studying in the library from 9 a.m. to 12 a.m. tomorrow. （指未来一段区间内持续开展的动作，强调时间段内动作不间断。） ③礼貌委婉询问对方将来安排；单纯陈述将来事实，不带主观意愿 eg.Will you be attending the meeting this Friday? （相比 Will you attend… 更加委婉客气，不带有劝说、要求的意味，只是询问客观安排。） eg.The scientists will be carrying out the research next year. （客观说明未来将要开展的事情，不含打算、计划、意愿等主观情绪。） 【高考辨析】 will do 表临时决定 / 意愿； will be doing 侧重客观将来、正在进行的场景 eg.①—Oh, we’ve run out of milk. — I will go and buy some. will do。（看到牛奶用完，当场临时决定去购买。） ② Don’t call me at 7 tonight. I will be shopping in the supermarket. will be doing。（说明今晚七点这个时间，自己正处于购物的过程中，描述将来正在进行的客观场景。） eg.③ I will help you with your homework. will do。（表达主观意愿、主动承诺，我愿意帮助你。） ④This time next week, I will be working in the new office. will be doing。（客观陈述下周此刻正在工作的状态，是既定安排，侧重进行场景。） 【即时小练】 ① Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ________ (teach) history at that time. ② Please don’t call me between 8:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m. tomorrow. I ________ (have) my classes then. ③ At this time tomorrow, you ________ (sit) there doing more exercises. ④ Do you think you ________ (do) the same job in ten years’ time? ⑤ ____________ Mr Wang this evening?（今晚你要和王先生见面吗？） ⑥ At this time tomorrow, ________________ the Atlantic.（明天这个时候，我们正飞越大西洋） ⑦ What ________________ at this time next Monday?（下周一这个时间你将在干什么？） （二）副词 1.副词的构成 副词用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，说明动作发生的方式、地点、时间、频率、程度。 2.形容词变副词的变化规则 ①一般直接加-ly：eg.quick→quickly；careful→carefully；natural→naturally ②辅音字母+ y结尾：变y为i +ly，eg.happy→happily；easy→easily ③-le结尾（不发音 e）：去e + y,eg,simple→simply；gentle→gently ④-ic结尾;加-ally,eg.historic→historically；basic→basically 易错：friendly, lovely, lively,silly,ugly,deadly,likely,lonely,orderly,manly,homely,costly,scholarly,deadly是形容词，不是副词！ 3.副词的功能 ①方式副词（How？描述动作方式），修饰动词，回答“怎样做” 例词：naturally, carefully, easily, badly, slowly，happily,sadly,loudly,softly,quickly eg.When this happens, he smiles politely, indicating that everything is fine. 发生这种情况时，他会礼貌地微笑，示意一切都好。 His films featured carefully designed scenes. 他的电影以精心设计的场景为特色。 ②地点副词（Where？地点、方位） 例词：here, there,behind, inside, outside,everywhere eg.When the waiters are not looking, however, he busies himself hiding the raw meat anywhere he can reach. 不过，当服务员们没在看的时候，他就忙着把生肉藏到他够得到的所有地方。 ③时间副词（When？动作发生时间） 例词：yesterday,tomorrow,soon,early, later, now, then, finally,immediately eg.As early as primary school, Rowan had already shown a talent for acting, but it was only later at university that he decided to become an actor. 早在小学时，罗文就已经展现出了表演天赋，但直到后来上大学时他才决定成为一名演员。 In the film, Chaplin's Little Tramp character works in a factory, suffers mental torment, goes to jail, but finally becomes a hero. 在这部电影中，卓别林饰演的小流浪汉角色在一家工厂工作，遭受精神折磨，进了监狱，但最终成为了一名英雄。 ④频率副词（How often？动作发生频次） 例词：always＞usually＞often＞sometimes＞occasionally＞seldom＞rarely＞hardly＞never eg.Mr Bean has a reputation for constantly encountering awkward situations. 憨豆先生以总是遇到尴尬状况而闻名。 ⑤程度副词（修饰形容词 / 副词，表程度） 例词：very, truly, almost, greatly, quite, really,purely,extremely,absolutely,hardly eg.His humour is always made clear through a series of simple and funny acts that rely purely on body language that is universal. 他的幽默总是通过一系列简单有趣的动作展现得淋漓尽致，这些表演完全依靠通用的肢体语言来传递。 Mr Bean has a reputation for constantly encountering awkward situations,which greatly amuses audiences of all nationalities and cultures. 憨豆先生以总遇到尴尬状况而闻名，这极大地逗乐了来自不同国家和不同文化背景的观众。 It is clear from the look on his face as he is chewing that the taste truly awful. 从他咀嚼时的表情就能明显看出，味道真的很差。 4.意义有别的同根副词 规律：不带- ly多表具象空间/动作；带- ly多表抽象、情感、引申含义 hard / hardly hard adv. 努力地；猛烈地 hardly adv. 几乎不 late / lately late adv. 迟，晚 lately adv. 最近 close / closely close adv.（距离）靠近 closely adv. 密切地，仔细地 deep / deeply deep adv.（空间）深深地 deeply adv.（情感）深深地 high / highly high adv.（物理高度）高 highly adv. 高度地；非常 wide / widely wide adv.（空间）宽阔地 widely adv. 广泛地 near / nearly near adv. 靠近 nearly adv. 几乎，差不多 eg.He watched closely.（他仔细观察） The plane flies high. We think highly of Chaplin. 【即时小练】 1.用括号内单词的适当形式填空 ①Mr Bean hides his food ________ (secret) in the restaurant. ②Rowan Atkinson speaks ________ (careful) to make himself understood. ③The little tramp finally became ________ (success). ④His stories are ________ (great) loved by audiences. ⑤He smiled ________ (polite) to the waiter. ⑥________ (final), he found a place to hide the raw meat. ⑦Chaplin planned his scenes ________ (careful). ⑧People ________ (constant) laugh at Mr Bean’s awkward actions. 2.选词填空hard /hardly; late /lately; close /closely（单词可重复选用） ①Watch the actor ________; you will find his small funny actions. ②He stayed up ________ last night. ③I haven’t seen him ________. ④He works ________, so he ________ has time for rest. 3.完成句子 ①憨豆先生小心翼翼地把肉藏起来，以免被服务员发现。 Mr Bean hid the meat ________________________ so that the waiter wouldn’t find it. ②卓别林很少在公众面前谈论自己的童年。 Chaplin ________________________ talked about his childhood in public. ③仔细观察这位演员，你能领会他表演的精髓。 Watch the actor ________________________, and you will grasp the spirit of his performance. ④他学习十分刻苦，几乎没有休闲时间。 He studies ________________________ and ________________________ has spare time. ⑤最终，他凭借独特的喜剧风格闻名全球。 ________________________, he gained worldwide fame with his unique comedy style. ⑥这位演员待人礼貌，深受观众喜爱。 The actor treats others ________ and is deeply loved by audiences. ⑦大家非常喜欢他塑造的小人物形象。 His image of the little tramp is ________ loved by people. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本次写作任务为撰写一则幽默小故事，属于记叙文。文章核心是设置出人意料的笑点（punchline），写作需包含清晰的场景、人物、情节铺垫与简短趣味结尾。全文以一般过去时为主，恰当运用直接对话、动作描写塑造人物，借助情绪反差制造戏剧冲突。行文要避免词汇重复，叙事逻辑层层递进，重点注意笑点结束后不再添加多余内容。写作可选用亲身趣事或转述幽默故事，着重打磨反转结尾，提升故事趣味性。 2. 写作框架 Writing workshop课文结构复盘： 首段：大雪造成机场延误，航班取消； 主体：愤怒乘客与工作人员争执对话； 尾段：工作人员巧妙回应，形成笑点。 Funny story写作框架： Paragraph 1 背景介绍（Setting）：交代故事发生时间、地点、场景、人物，引出故事开端。 可用句型： You won’t believe it but … The other day, I was doing... when... Paragraph 2 主体情节（Plot）：推进故事发展，引入人物矛盾，运用直接引语、动作描写，为最后的笑点做好铺垫。 技巧：利用人物情绪对比（暴躁vs礼貌、焦急vs淡定）制造戏剧冲突。 Paragraph 3 趣味结尾（Punchline）:抛出反转笑点，简洁收尾，结尾之后不再续写感想。 3. 写作素材 开头句（场景引入） ①The heavy snow last winter caused long delays at the airport. 去年冬天的大雪造成机场长时间延误。 ②You won’t believe it but a funny thing happened to me last week. 你一定想不到，上周我遇到一件趣事。 ③The other day, I was waiting in a café when something amusing took place. 几天前，我正在咖啡馆等候，一件有趣的事发生了。 情节描写句（冲突 + 对话） ①Hundreds of unlucky passengers were told the flight had been cancelled. 数百名倒霉的乘客被告知航班取消。 ②“I want a seat right now!” the man demanded angrily. “我现在就要一个座位！” 这名男子愤怒地要求。 ③The young man replied politely, “Please wait your turn.” 年轻人礼貌地回应：“请按顺序排队。” 结尾笑点过渡句 ①Then came the surprising reply that made everyone burst into laughter. 随后出人意料的回答让所有人哄堂大笑。 ②What he said next turned out to be the funniest part of the whole story. 他接下来的话成为整个故事最有趣的地方。 加分描写表达 动作描写：smile, stand up, speak loudly 微笑、站起身、大声说话 副词对比：angrily VS politely 愤怒地 VS 礼貌地（塑造人物反差） 高级短语：burst into laughter 突然大笑；take place 发生 4.范文背诵 A funny story You won’t believe it but a funny thing happened to me when I visited a scenic spot recently. Last weekend, I travelled to a popular tourist attraction, little knowing that an interesting accident would occur. While crowds wandered around the scenic area, I was enjoying the sights. Suddenly a little primary school student came over naturally and grabbed my hand tightly. He thought I was his father and walked alongside me happily. I froze instantly, not daring to pull my hand away and disturb the kid. I glanced around, wondering where his real family was. What happened next brought a big surprise. Soon a panicked man hurried towards us and called out the boy’s name. The boy looked up and realized he had mistakenly held a stranger’s hand. He blushed with embarrassment, and both adults couldn’t help bursting into laughter. 易错点01 so that / so...that 【一句话辨异】 I practiced telling funny stories so frequently that I could perform vividly in the class show so that I could bring joy and laughter to my classmates. 我课余反复练习讲幽默小故事，以至于能在班级展示中生动演绎，只为给同学们带去欢乐与笑声。 【错因辨析】 1. so that以便，为了；结果‌。（单词连用，中间不插任何词汇） ①表目的：译为“以便、为了”，从句常搭配 can/could/will 等情态动词，不可用于句首。 eg.I watch humorous videos so that I can relax my mood. 我看幽默视频来放松心情。 ②表结果：译为“结果、因此”，从句无情态动词，陈述已发生的事实。 eg.I misunderstood the joke, so that I felt quite embarrassed. 我误解了笑话，因此十分尴尬。 2. so…that… 如此……以至于……（单词拆分，中间嵌词） ①so + 形容词/副词 + that 从句 eg.The math problem was so difficult that nearly half of the class failed to work it out in the quiz. little 这道数学题难度太高，测验时班里近一半学生都没能做出来。 ②so + many/much/few/little（表数量）+ 名词 + that 从句 eg.He made so little progress in his performance that few people understood his humour. （little 数量少 用so） 他的表演进步甚微，几乎没人看懂他的幽默。 eg.They are such little kids that they can’t understand this kind of humour. （little 年纪小的 用such） 他们是这么小的孩子，理解不了这种幽默。 ③so + adj. + a/an + 单数名词 = such + a/an + adj. + 单数名词 eg.It was so amazing a show that the audience cheered loudly. = It was such an amazing show that the audience cheered loudly. 这场演出精彩绝伦，观众们都高声欢呼起来。 【对点训练】 1.The boy’s silly mistake was ________ amusing ________ all passers-by burst into laughter. 2.He pretended to be calm ________ ________ he could hide his embarrassment. 3.这位喜剧演员的表演如此生动，以至于打动了各年龄段的观众。 The comedian’s performance was . 4.我认真观察生活中的趣事，以便积累更多英语写作素材。 I carefully observe funny things in life . 易错点02 -ing /-ed形容词特殊考点 【一句话辨异】 He wore an amused look when watching the amusing comedy, showing that he was truly entertained. 看这场有趣的喜剧时，他面带笑意，看得出他真的被逗乐了。 【错因辨析】 1.基本规则 -ing 形容词：令人……的（修饰事物，表达事物带给人的感受） -ed 形容词：感到……的（修饰人，表达人的内心情绪） 2.易错点 当名词为 look, expression, face, smile, voice（表情、神情、面容、笑容、嗓音），描述人内在情绪流露在外的神态时，要用- ed形容词。 ✅ an amused look 感到好笑的神情（人内心觉得好笑，流露在脸上） ❌ an amusing look（含义变为：一种会让别人发笑的长相，极少使用） 同类拓展：a surprised look /an excited expression /a worried face/an embarrassed smile/a disappointed gesture eg.The joke is amusing. 这个笑话很有趣。 eg.He was amused by the funny performance. 他被这场滑稽的表演逗乐了。 eg.She had an amused expression when listening to the comedy. 她听喜剧的时候脸上带着觉得有趣的神情。 eg.She had a surprised expression when she heard the surprising ending of the joke. 听到这个笑话出人意料的结局，她露出惊讶的神情。 eg.The embarrassed actor wore an embarrassed smile on the stage. 这位尴尬的演员在舞台上露出了窘迫的笑容。 eg.The worried mother had a worried look on her face. 忧心忡忡的母亲脸上带着焦虑的神情。 【对点训练】 1.When hearing the ________ (surprise) news, he had a ________ (surprise) expression. 2.The ________ (amuse) performance made all the audience ________ (amuse). 3.Seeing the ________ (embarrass) scene, she wore a ________ (embarrass) smile. 4.The ________ (astonish) look on his face suggested that he was ________ (astonish) at the joke. 5.The story is so ________ (move) that many listeners had ________ (move) expressions. 6.He gave me a ________ (disappoint) look when he heard the ________ (disappoint) result of the comedy competition. 易错点03 get/obtain/acquire /gain/attain 【一句话辨异】 You can get basic knowledge easily, but it takes time to acquire a skill; you gain experience through practice, obtain official documents via formal channels, and finally attain your life goals. 你可以轻松获取基础知识，但习得技能需要时间；你在实践中积累经验，通过正规渠道拿到官方文件，最终实现人生目标。 【错因辨析】 1. get（通用口语词） 含义：得到、收到 特点：适用范围最广，口语、书面均可；高考写作尽量少用，优先替换高级词。 宾语：人、物品、信息等一切事物 例：I got a gift yesterday. 2. obtain（正式书面语） 含义：（通过途径、手续、努力）获得 特点：侧重主动设法拿到物品、证件、许可、数据 obtain permission 获得许可 obtain evidence/data 获取证据/数据 obtain a certificate/license 拿到证书/执照 obtain funding/support 获得资金/支持 obtain materials/resources 获取材料/资源 obtain information from… 从……获取信息例： 3. acquire 含义：习得；获取 核心：慢慢习得（知识、技能、习惯）；也可指收购资产 acquire knowledge 习得知识 acquire skills/techniques 掌握技能 acquire good habits 养成好习惯 acquire a foreign language 习得一门外语 acquire confidence 逐步建立自信 acquire property/assets 收购资产 4. gain 含义：赢得；积累；收获 核心：侧重收获优势、经验、利益、信心、权重；常暗含“付出努力换来回报” gain experience 积累经验 gain confidence 获得信心 gain respect/trust 赢得尊重/信任 gain an advantage 取得优势 gain weight 体重增加 gain access to 得以进入/接触 gain support 获得支持 5. attain 含义：达成、实现（目标、高度） 核心：长期奋斗，抵达某个抽象高度、目标、境界 attain one’s goal/aim/dream 实现目标/梦想 attain success 取得成功 attain a high standard/level 达到较高水准 attain adulthood 步入成年 attain power/status 获得权力/地位 【对点训练】 1.Students are supposed to ________ basic learning habits in middle school. 2.After years of hard work, she finally ________ her lifelong goal. 3.Researchers managed ________ accurate data from the field experiment. 4.Through constant practice, you will ________ rich experience and self-confidence. 5.It is not easy for teenagers ________ real independent living skills. 6.The company has ________ official permission to launch the new product. 7.He ________ great respect from colleagues for his devotion to work. 8.Only by keeping improving can we ________ a higher level of competence. 9.You will ________ tired if you keep working without rest. 10.The young writer gradually ________ a unique writing style of his own. 一、默写重点单词 1.___________ n. 喜剧；喜剧片 2.___________ adj. 幽默的，诙谐的 3.___________ vi. & vt. 假装，装作 4.___________ vt. 模仿 5.___________ adj. 面部的；脸上的 6.___________ vi. 交流；交往；相互作用 7.___________ n. 焦虑，不安，担心 8.___________ adj. 重要的，重大的 9.___________ vt. 增强；改进；提高 10.___________ adj. 难堪的，尴尬的 11.___________ vt. 使开心；逗笑 12.___________ n. 喜剧演员 13.___________ n. 名誉，名望 14.___________ vt. 遇到；邂逅 15.___________ vi. & vt. 依赖；依靠 16.___________ adj. 普遍的，广泛适用的 17.___________ adj. 吃惊的，惊讶的 18.___________ adj. 好笑的，有趣的 19.___________ adj. 确信的，信服的 20.___________ n. 天才，天赋，才能 二、对比填空 1.embarrassed/embarrassing/embarrassment ①It is likely that you make your friends feel if you don’t know Chinese table manners. ②In addition,if you don’t feel at ease while facing somebody,you can turn your back to him to avoid . ③My most moment was trying to introduce a woman whose name I couldn’t remember. 2.deserve to do/deserve doing/to be done ①It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that (respect). ②Maria is constantly making efforts; she (achieve) the goal of entering the key university. 3.convincing/convinced ①The acting is so that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted. ②It is for these reasons that I am firmly that this rule will promote the learning atmoshpere and our teamwork spirit. 4.pretend to/pretend to be doing/pretend to have done ①She (do) her homework when her mother came in. ②When mother came back,I (fall) asleep. ③She (not,know) me when we met in the street,which really upset me. 5.attain/obtain ①We need to identify the best way of our goals. ②We have permission from the direction to use some of our funds. 三、词汇运用 1. The ________ (amuse) expression on his face suggested that he was satisfied with the result. 2. The writer is well-known for his ________ (humour) style in most of his works. 3. He pretended ________ (ignore) the mistake in public, which only made things worse. 4. Regular activities help people improve the ability ________ (interact) with strangers. 5. Continuous pressure will give rise to feelings of ________ (anxious) among teenagers. 6. This policy has ________ (significant) reduced the waste of public resources. 7. To his great ________ (embarrass), he failed to remember the speaker’s name. 8. Many tourists were deeply ________ (amuse) by the local folk performances in the small town. 9. Don’t rely ________ others to solve all the problems you meet in life. 10. The desire for freedom is a ________ (universe) feeling shared by all human beings. 11. The young scientist ________ (encounter) countless difficulties before he made the great breakthrough. 12. Only those with natural ________ (talent) and constant efforts can achieve long-term success. 13. The media report left the public ________ (convince) that effective measures would be taken soon. 14. The ________ (astonish) news spread quickly across the whole country within one day. 15. People use ________ (face) expressions to convey feelings when words fail them. 三、重点句型 1.随后出现滑稽的一幕，让在场所有人哄堂大笑。 made everyone present burst into laughter 2.我如此惊讶，一时间不知道该说什么。 I was I didn’t know what to say for a moment. 3.你一定想不到，上周我闹出了一个大笑话。 I made a silly mistake last week. 4.我正站在汽车旁边，这时一只蜂鸟飞到我们队伍的中心，开始盘旋。 I a hummingbird flew into the centre of our group and started circling around. 四、课文语法填空 Mr Bean, a classic character in comedies, 1 (recognise) for meeting endless ridiculous situations in his daily life. He gets his humour across to the audience purely by a series of universal body language without any words. In one of the most popular episodes, Mr Bean comes to a fancy restaurant in celebration of his birthday, only 2 (astonish) that the only dish he can afford is one named “steak tartare”, which is actually a raw hamburger. The moment the dish is served, he attempts to chew it. 3 , he finds it is too disgusting to swallow, and he has no alternative but to hide his real feelings. During all the dinner time, he occupies __4_ (him) with hiding the raw meat, and even throws some down the trousers of the restaurant’s violinist. What a funny but 5 (embarrass) birthday! Contrary to Mr Bean, Rowan Atkinson, the actor of Mr Bean, lived a normal life. 6 (born) into an ordinary family, he was treated in such a strict manner 7 stood out well in his study and even ___8____ (attain) his degree at Oxford. Besides, he was ______9______ (convince) he would be a successful actor with his talent for acting. Years later, it is obvious that his hard work has paid ____10_____ in the end. 五、阅读理解 A With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, it’s not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humour just to help us get through each and every day of our lives. Putting a smile on someone’s face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps（处于沮丧中）, as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart. How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co-workers, neighbors, close friends, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don’t know the person I’m joking around with. My grandma always found humour in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is common courtesy（礼貌）to speak to others that are around you. I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke? Laughing is essential to keeping your stress levels under control. Without humour we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together. 1. According to the author, humour is useful in the aspect that ______. A. it makes people more confident B. it can pick up people’s spirits C. it can help get rid of the cruelty in the world D. it can help people get on well with others 2. The author answers the question in the second paragraph with ______. A. facts and descriptions B. evidence and argument C. examples and conclusion D. stories and persuasion 3. The underlined phrase“busting a gut”in the third paragraph can be replaced by“______”. A. explaining carefully B. speaking loud C. keeping silent D. laughing hard 4. What is the author’s attitude toward the present world? A. Positive. B. Critical. C. Satisfied. D. Indifferent. B The classroom environment offers many ways to include fun and laughter into a potentially dull routine, and effective educators make the most of these opportunities. 5 . Lighten up the atmosphere Humour can be used to enrich literacy skills, spark creativity, teach critical analysis or just lighten the mood in the classroom. 6 . Make fun of yourself and your mistakes. This can make students smile and has the added benefit of showing students that teachers are human. Use current music and sports subjects in teaching examples to engage students and introduce a fun cultural reference into the usually somber atmosphere of school. Use humour in the media 7 . Take advantage of political cartoons to analyse historical events or trends and begin a debate. Humorous authors and reporters in the media can be used as models for writing jobs or oral presentations. 8 . Children can fill in the words the cartoon characters might say, and then transfer those actual words into a story using quotation marks. Comics also can be used to teach literary devices such as puns, metaphors and symbolism. Children can create their own comics combining imagery from word pairs, a cartoon mouse using a computer mouse, for instance. The learning benefits of humour 9 . Humour is found to be an important entryway into improving social connections with others. Brains might be able to be trained to interpret a difficult situation in a humorous way in order to help the body cope with stressful circumstances. A. Keep a cartoon and joke file B. Include happy remarks throughout lessons C. Find humour from the behaviour of students D. Humour is a kind of daily show for teachers E. So young students laugh a lot in their classrooms F. Humour can improve learning and strengthen memories G. Newspapers provide points for issues on current events 六、基础写作 假定你是李华，你的外国笔友Tom给你写信,询问你最喜欢的中国或西方喜剧演员，请你给他回信。内容包括: 1.你最喜欢的演员； 2.你了解的这名演员的情况和令你印象深刻的作品; 3.你的感悟。 注意: 1.写作词数应为80左右; 2.请按如下格式作答; 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数。 Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear from you. I’m looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Humour 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. a sense of humour 幽默感 2.deduce from 从……推断出 3.physical and psychological tension 身心紧张感 4.do a double take 瞪大眼睛看；惊讶地看 5.suffer from infection 遭受感染 6.throw in that old saucer 免费赠送那只旧碟子 7.live it dowm 忘记过去犯过的大错误或尴尬的事 8.rely on non-verbal humour 依靠无台词幽默 9.the plot of a funny story 搞笑故事的情节 10.a clumsy series of movements 一连串笨拙的动作 11.be hard-wired into us 我们与生俱来的 12.interact with surrounding people 和身边人互动往来 13.collapse with laughter 笑得直不起身 14.swing one’s arms wildly 胡乱挥舞手臂 15.pretend to be totally calm 佯装十分镇定 16.cause widespread anxiety 引发普遍焦虑 17.an amusing daily incident 一桩有趣的日常小事 18.a play on words 文字双关梗 19.feel terrified and dizzy 感到惶恐眩晕 20.have a bit of a crisis 有点危机感 二、写作词汇： 1. burst into loud laughter 放声大笑 2.have far-reaching effects 具有深远的影响 3.add joy to life 给生活增添乐趣 4.relax the whole body 放松全身 5.relieve stress and anxiety 缓解压力和焦虑 6.strengthen relationships 增进人际关系 7.enhance teamwork 提升团队协作 8.create a relaxing atmosphere 营造轻松氛围 9.encounter awkward situations 遭遇尴尬场景 10.rely on body language 依靠肢体语言 11.to one’s amusement 令某人好笑的是 12.roar with laughter 哄堂大笑 13.unexpected ending 出人意料的结局 14.play on words 玩文字梗 15.give one a sense of well being 给人一种幸福感 16.live up to one’s reputation 名副其实 17.feel energized 感到精力充沛 18.break the embarrassment 化解尴尬 19.bring joy to daily life 为生活增添乐趣 20.go on a camping trip 去露营 三、词汇变形： 1. humo(u)r n.幽默，诙谐adj. →humorous adj. 诙谐的，幽默的→humorless adj.非常严肃的，缺少幽默感的 2. anxiety n. 焦虑，不安，担心→ anxious adj. 焦虑的；急切的 3. terrified adj.极度惊恐的→terrify v.使恐惧；使惊吓→ terror n.恐怖；可怕的人或事→terrifying adj.吓人的 4. embarrassed adj.难堪的，尴尬的→embarrass v.使难堪，使为难→embarrassing adj.使人尴尬的，使人难堪的→embarrassment n.窘迫，尴尬 5. casually adv.漫不经心地→casual adj.随便的；非正式的；偶然的 6. innocently adv.装作若无其事地；无辜地→innocent adj.无辜的；无罪的；无知的 7. faithful adj.忠诚的→faith n.信仰；信念；信任；忠实 8. potentially adv.可能地；潜在地→potential adj.潜在的，可能的 n.潜力；可能性 9. scientific adj.科学（上）的→science n.科学；学科；理科→scientifically adv.系统地；合乎科学地；学问上 10.measurement n.测量，计量，衡量→measure n.测量；措施；程度vt.测量；估量；权衡 11.consultation n.就诊；咨询→consult vt.查询；商量；请教→consultant n.顾问；咨询者 12.announce vt.宣布，宣告→announcement n.公告；宣告；发表；通告 13.comedian n.喜剧演员→comedy n.喜剧；滑稽；幽默 14.nationality n.国籍→nation n.国家；民族→national adj.国家的；国有的；民族的 15.amuse vt.使开心；逗笑→amused adj.被逗乐的；觉得好玩的→amusing adj.有趣的，好玩的；逗笑的→amusement n.消遣，娱乐；乐趣 16.purely adv.完全地，纯粹地，仅仅→pure adj.纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的 17.universal adj.广泛适用的；共同的，普遍的→universally adv. 普遍地→universe n.宇宙；天地万物 18.astonished adj.吃惊的，惊讶的→astonishing adj. 惊人的；令人惊讶的→astonish v.（使）惊讶；（使）害怕→astonishment n.惊讶；令人惊讶的事物 19.creation n.创造物，作品→create vt.创造，创作；造成→creative adj.创造性的→creativity n.创造力；创造性 20.academic adj.学术的→academy n.研究院；学会；专科院校→academically adv.学术上；学业上 21.producer n.制作人，制片人→produce vt.生产；引起；制作；生育，繁殖→product n. 产品；结果→productive adj.生产的；多产的；富有成效的 22.rarely adv.很少，难得→rare adj.稀有的 23.convinced adj.确信的，信服的→convince vt.说服；使确信，使信服→convincing adj.信服的；有说服力的→ 24.demanding adj.要求极严的；苛求的→demand vt.要求 25.politician n.政治家→police n.警察部门；警察→policy n.政策，方针，策略→political adj.政治（上）的，政府的；政党的→politics n.政治，政治活动（事务） 四、拓展词汇 1. chemical formula 化学式；分子式 2.box office 票房 3.want the floor to open and consume me 真希望地板裂开把我吞下去 4.want to vanish into thin air on the spot 想要当场就地消失得无影无踪 5.I could have died of embarrassment. 我尴尬得要命。 6.I was sitting on pins and needles, too ashamed to lift my head. 我如坐针毡，羞愧得抬不起头。 7.swing one’s arms wildly 疯狂挥舞手臂 8.a series of simple and funny clumsy acts 一系列简单又好笑的笨拙举动 9.deadpan facial expressions 死板的表情 10.relax the tense muscles all over the body 放松全身紧绷的肌肉 11.stiff facial looks 僵硬的面部表情 12.collapse with laughter 笑得直不起腰 13.burst into loud laughter 放声大笑 14.roar with laughter 哄堂大笑 15.smile actively even when upset 即便心烦意乱也要主动微笑 16.unbalanced mood reflected in stiff body language 失衡的情绪体现在僵硬的肢体语言中17.tired and dull facial expressions 疲惫呆滞的面部表情 18.get a scholarship for study 获得学业奖学金 19.study in a boarding school for long 长期就读寄宿学校 20.achieve small goals little by little 一步步实现小目标 五、熟词生义 1. consume 原句：I was so embarrassed that I wanted the floor to open and consume me.（Topic Talk 听力文本） 教材语境释义：vt.吞噬，吞没（夸张修辞，形容尴尬到想被地面吞没、消失） 生义① vt.消耗（能源、时间、资源） Small cars consume less petrol. 生义② vt.吃；喝 People consume huge amounts of fruit every summer. 生义③ vt.使充满（强烈情绪） be consumed with eg.She was consumed with anger after hearing the news. 生义④ vt.烧毁，毁灭 The big fire consumed the whole wooden house. 2.swing 原句：As a result, I attacked back with a wild swing.（Topic Talk听力文本） 教材语境释义：n.（拳击）胡乱挥拳，大幅度挥舞动作 动词v.过去式 swung 过去分词swung 生义①vi.摆动，摇晃 The lantern swung gently in the wind. 生义②vt.&vi.拜访 I’ll swing by the grocery store on my way. 生义③vt.挥动（手臂 / 器械） He swung his bag over his shoulder. 名词n. 生义①秋千 While sitting on a swing,she swung higher and higher. 生义②大幅度动作；挥击 He took a wild swing at the ball. 挥拍击球 3. measure 原句：According to the scientific measurement of time...（ Lesson 1 ） 教材语境释义：v. 测量；计量；n. 测量，计量 动词v. 生义①测量；量尺寸 They measured the length of the classroom. 生义②衡量，评判 We shouldn’t measure success only by money. (measure...by...) linking v.(尺寸、长短、数量等）量度为 It measures 20 yards from side to side.（无被动语态和进行时态） 名词 n. 生义①措施，办法 The government took strict measures to protect the river. (take measures/steps/action to do sth.) 生义②判断；衡量 Exam results are only one measure of a school’s success. 生义③尺寸，大小 The coat is made to your own measure. (make sth. to one’s measure) 生义④一定程度；一定数量 Solving environmental pollution depends in large measure on whether we can use clean energy in a reasonable way. (in large measure) 六、话题词汇梳理 1.幽默类型 Types of humour funny stories 幽默故事 comedies 喜剧 cross talks 相声 clever jokes 机智幽默的笑话 play on words 文字游戏；用双关语 imitate accents, facial expressions and manners 模仿面部表情举止 pretend to be other people 假装成别人 the interaction between characters 角色之间的互动 funny accidents in daily life 日常生活中的搞笑意外 make jokes about your own mistakes 拿自己的错误自嘲 self-depreciation 自我贬低 satire 讽刺 visual and physical type of comedy 视觉与身体喜剧 body language comedy 肢体语言喜剧 2.发笑原因 Reasons for laughing funny plots/acts 有趣的剧情/动作 clever conversations 聪明的对话 funny imitation of accents, facial expressions and manners 有趣的模仿口音、面部表情和举止 things go against people’s expectations 事情与人们的预期相反 silly body movements and ridiculous little behaviors 愚蠢的身体动作和荒唐的小举动 deadpan facial expressions and subtle physical movements 面无表情的面部神态和不易察觉的肢体动作 carefully planned physical slapstick scenes 精心设计的肢体滑稽打闹场景 ordinary embarrassing and awkward daily situations 普通的令人难堪又尴尬的日常状况 3.大笑好处 Benefits of humour and laughter physical benefits 身体益处 relieve tension 缓解紧张 relax the muscles in our body 放松我们身体的肌肉 increase blood flow to the heart 增加流向心脏的血流量 improve the function of blood vessels 改善血管功能 help protect us from heart disease 帮助保护我们免受心脏病侵害 mental and psychological benefits 精神和心理层面的益处 have far-reaching effects 具有深远影响 Being positive and funny makes people feel energised. 积极风趣会让人感到精力充沛。 4.社交人际 Social benefits build relationships 建立关系 relax moods 放松心情 develop friendships 发展友谊 make relationships stronger 让关系更牢固 enhance teamwork 提升团队协作 deal with awkward situations comfortably 轻松应对尴尬处境 5.喜剧代表人物及经典作品 world-famous comedy actor, director and screenwriter 世界知名喜剧演员、导演、编剧 typical representative of British physical comedy 英式肢体喜剧典型代表 hold a master’s degree in electrical engineering 拥有电气工程硕士学位 often get stuck in various awkward situations 时常陷入各种尴尬窘境 rely mainly on body language to create humour 主要依靠肢体语言制造幽默 world-famous comedy actor, director and screenwriter 世界知名喜剧演员、导演、编剧 be famous for slapstick comedy 以肢体打闹喜剧闻名 combine physical comedy with social reflections 将肢体喜剧与社会思考融合 silent film masterpiece 无声电影经典代表作 turn ordinary people’s hardship into delight 将普通人的苦难化为乐趣 写作 句型 1. I was so embarrassed that I wanted the floor to open up and consume me. 我尴尬得恨不得地上有条缝能让我钻进去。 句型结构：主语+ be so +形容词+ that+结果状语从句 仿写练习：我如此惊讶，一时间不知道该说什么。 I was so astonished that I didn’t know what to say for a moment. 2. You won’t believe it but a funny thing happened to me last week. 你一定想不到，上周我遇到一件趣事。 句型结构：You won’t believe it but + 完整陈述句 仿写练习：你一定想不到，上周我闹出了一个大笑话。 You won’t believe it but I made a silly mistake last week. 3.The other day, I was waiting in a café when something amusing took place. 几天前，我正在咖啡馆等候，一件有趣的事发生了。 句型结构：The other day, 主语 + was doing… when … 仿写练习：我正站在汽车旁边，这时一只蜂鸟飞到我们队伍的中心，开始盘旋。 I was standing beside the car when a hummingbird flew into the centre of our group and started circling around. 4. Then came the surprising reply that made everyone burst into laughter. 随后出人意料的回答让所有人哄堂大笑。 句型结构：Then came + 名词（倒装句）+ that 定语从句 仿写练习：随后出现滑稽的一幕，让在场所有人哄堂大笑。 Then came the funny scene that made everyone present burst into laughter. 语法 1. 进行时态：现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来进行时 2. 副词 写作 介绍自己喜欢的喜剧演员。 一、知识点精讲 1. pretend vi.&vt. 假装，装作 【原句重现】 My favourite kind of comedy is when someone pretends to be someone else. （Topic Talk） 我最喜欢的喜剧类型是有人伪装成另一个人的那种。 【点拨归纳】 that... 假装…… to be... 假装是…… pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事 to have done sth. 假装做了某事 eg.He pretended to his family that he had a great life in the city. 他对家人谎称自己在城里过得很好。 eg.Then we wore false beards to pretend to be the musicians that people were familiar with. 后来我们戴上假胡须，假扮成人们熟知的音乐人。 eg.They pretend to live a traditional lifestyle,wear traditional clothes and live in traditional houses in order to attract tourists. 他们为了吸引游客，假装过着传统的生活方式、穿着传统服饰、住在传统房屋里。 eg.He pretended to be reading when the teacher passed by the window. 老师经过窗边的时候，他假装正在看书。 eg.The applicant pretended to have worked for a newspaper before. 应聘者谎称之前曾在一家报社工作过。 2.anxiety n. 焦虑，不安，担心 【原句重现】 Research shows that laughing has significant benefits;it relieves stress and anxiety,relaxes the whole body and gives one a sense of well being. （Topic Talk） 研究表明，大笑有显著的益处：它能缓解压力和焦虑，放松全身，还能给人带来幸福感。 【词汇拓展】 ①anxiety n. 焦虑，不安，担心 anxiety about/over... 对……的担忧 anxiety for... 对……的渴望 anxiety to do... 对做……的渴望 eg.There is anxiety about the final exam in the classroom. 教室里弥漫着对期末考试的焦虑情绪。 It is our anxiety for being successful that supports us to overcome all kinds of difficulties. 正是我们对取得成功的渴望支撑着我们克服各种各样的困难。 We can feel their anxiety to win the game. 我们能感受到他们想要赢得比赛的焦虑。 with anxiety 焦虑地 full of anxiety 饱含焦虑 anxiety and depression 焦虑和抑郁 anxiety disorder/neurosis 焦虑症 anxiety-provoking 引发焦虑的 ②anxious adj. 焦虑的，担心的；渴望的，急切的 be anxious about/for ... 对某事感到焦虑/担心 be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事 eg.My parents was anxious about me,because it was the first time that I had lived abroad alone. 我的父母很担心我，因为这是我第一次独自在国外生活。 We are anxious to get a better education so that we can seize the chance to have a brighter future. 我们渴望获得更好的教育，这样我们就能抓住机会拥有更光明的未来。 ③anxiously adv. 不安地，忧虑地 eg.They are waiting anxiously to see who will succeed（接替） him. 他们正焦急地等待着看谁会接替他。 【易混辨析】 anxious 指因忧虑、关注或害怕而产生的急切心情 eager 强调急于成功的迫切心情 keen 强调因兴趣强烈或欲望而急于做某事 eg.The government is anxious to improve its image. 政府急切希望改善形象。 The White House is eager to protect and enhance the reputation. 白宫急于维护并提升这一声誉。 The boy told me that he was keen to help. 男孩告诉我他很想帮忙。 3.terrified adj. 极度惊恐的 【原句重现】 You know what a strict teacher he is and we are all terrified of him. （Topic Talk 4.2听力材料） 你知道他是个多么严厉的老师，我们都很怕他。 【语句感知】 I had a terrifying experience which was terrible;as a result, I often feel terrified at the thought of it.I can’t shake off the terror it brings. 我有过一次非常可怕的恐怖经历，因此我一想到它就常常感到害怕，我摆脱不了它带来的恐惧。 【词汇拓展】 ①terrified adj. 极度惊恐的 be terrified of (doing) sth. 对（做）某事感到害怕 be terrified at/by... 被……吓一跳 be terrified that 害怕 eg.If you were under pressure to be perfect, you are terrified of failing in the most public of ways. 如果你曾背负着要做到完美的压力，你就会害怕以最受瞩目的方式失败。 We were all terrified by a rustling sound coming from beneath one of the seats. 我们都被从其中一个座位下方传来的沙沙声吓坏了。 She was terrified that one day her past problems would catch up with her. 她很害怕有朝一日过去的问题又会来困扰她。 ②terrify vt.使恐惧；使惊吓 terrify sb. into (doing) sth. 恐吓某人做某事 eg.Monsanto should not terrify farmers into obeying their agreements by massive force and threats. 孟山都不应通过大规模武力和威胁恐吓农民，迫使他们遵守其协议。 ③terrifying adj. 吓人的，令人害怕的 eg.I still find it terrifying to find myself surrounded by large numbers of monkeys. 我仍然觉得发现自己被一大群猴子包围是件很可怕的事。 ④terror n. 恐怖；可怕的事 in terror 恐惧地 have a terror of (doing) sth. 害怕（做）某事 eg.Her eyes were wild with terror. 她的眼中满是惊恐，发狂似的。 ④terrible adj. 糟糕的 eg.A terrible thing happened last night. I mistook a stranger for my teacher.（语意让人糟心、难堪、糟糕） 昨晚发生了一件难堪的糗事，我把陌生人错认成老师。 A terrifying thing happened last night. I met a big wild dog alone. （语意侧重恐怖、吓人、令人恐惧） 昨晚发生一件吓人的事，我独自遇到一条大狗。 4.unbalanced adj. 不平衡的 【原句重现】 In the second round,I took such a hard hit from my opponent that I felt dizzy and unbalanced. （Topic Talk 4.2听力材料） 第二回合，我被对手重重一击，感到头晕目眩、身体失衡。 【词汇拓展】 ①unbalanced adj. 不平衡的;不稳定的； eg.The distribution of resource is unbalanced between rural and urban schools. 城乡学校之间的资源分布不均衡。 I knew how unbalanced Paula had been since my uncle Peter died. 我知道自从我叔叔彼得去世后，波拉的情绪有多么不稳定。 ②balanced n. 天平，称；平衡；结余；余额；余款 keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡 keep one’s balance 保持平衡 lose one’s balance=be out of balance 失去平衡 keep a balance between...and... 在……与……之间保持平衡 eg.The main factors to the accuracy of digital balance are introduced in this paper. 本文介绍了影响数字天平精度的主要因素。 Tourists often disturb the delicate balance of nature on the island. 游客经常会破坏这座岛上脆弱的自然平衡。 Keeping a proper balance between study and rest keeps us energetic. 在学习和休息之间保持适当的平衡能让我们精力充沛。 I’d like to check my bank balance on my account by using the Internet . 我想要通过网络查询我账户里的银行余额。 ③balance vt. 平衡；权衡 eg.The government has to find some ways to balance these two needs. 政府必须找到一些方法来平衡这两种需求。 5.confused adj. 困惑的 【原句重现】 He was confused and didn’t know if he should carry on hitting me,or stop and help Mr. Zhao - so he just stood here. （Topic Talk 4.2听力材料） 他懵了，不知道该继续打我，还是停下来帮赵先生——所以他就站在那儿。 【语句感知】 If you confuse theory with practice, you will be confused about these confusing concepts and end up standing there in confusion. 如果你将理论与实践混为一谈，你就会对这些难以理解的概念感到迷茫，最终不知所措。 【词汇拓展】 ①confused adj. 困惑的 be confused by... 被……弄糊涂 be confused about... 对……感到迷惑 eg.A survey showed people were confused about what they should eat to stay healthy. 一项调查显示，人们对于要保持健康应该吃什么感到困惑。 ②confusing adj. 令人困惑的 eg.From the teacher’s confused look,we could see that he hadn’t expected that we could raise such a confusing question to him. 从老师困惑的神情中，我们可以看出他没料到我们会向他提出这样一个令人费解的问题。 ③confuse vt. 使困惑；使混淆 confuse A with B... 把A和B混淆 eg.Be careful not to confuse quality with quantity. 注意不要把质量和数量混淆了。 ④confusion n. 困惑 in confusion 困惑地 eg.If you want to live a different life without understanding what has brought that confusion,you will always be in contradiction,in conflict,in confusion. 如果你想过一种与众不同的生活，却不明白是什么带来了这种困惑，那你将永远处于矛盾、冲突和困惑之中。 6.consultation n. 就诊；咨询 【原句重现】 Finally,after he had been waiting for about half an hour,he was called in for his consultation. （Lesson1 Story3） 最后，在他等了大约半个小时之后，他被叫进去问诊了。 【词汇拓展】 ①consultation n. 就诊；咨询 (close) consultation with sb. 与某人（仔细）磋商 eg.I made up mind to major in English in the future after consultation with my parents and teachers. 在和父母以及老师商量过后，我下定决心未来要主修英语。 ②consultant n. 顾问；咨询者 a financial/technology/design consultant 金融/技术/设计顾问 a consultant on... 某方面的顾问 eg.He was happy to act as the president’s consultant on economic affairs. 他乐于担任总统的经济事务顾问。 The consultant was a woman who had many unanswered questions. 这位女性咨询者有许多有待解决的问题。 ③consult vt.咨询，请教；商量；查阅 consult sb. about sth. 向某人咨询某事 consult (with) sb. about/on sth. 与某人商量/磋商某事 consult a dictionary 查字典 eg.Anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique. 任何想要尝试竞走的人，或许都应该先咨询教练或经验丰富的竞走运动员，学习正确的技巧。 She had not failed to notice that he did not seem to consult her about buying clothes for himself. 她确实注意到，他给自己买衣服的时候似乎并没有征求她的意见。 Please consult some of the references given at the end of this article. 请查阅本文末尾给出的部分参考文献。 7.deserve vt. 值得，应得，应受到 【原句重现】 I really don’t think I deserve a zero. （Lesson1 P11） 我真的认为我不该得零分。 【点拨归纳】 deserve +n./pron. (praise/respect/credit) 值得，应得（表扬/尊重/赞扬） deserve to be/do... 应该是/做 …… deserve doing=deserve to be done ……值得做（主动形式表被动含义，同need,require,want用法相似） eg.He deserved punishment, not death, as everyone should get a chance to repent. 他理应受罚，但罪不至死，因为每个人都应该有悔改的机会。 Some people may feel that their work is less valuable than others’ and do not deserve acknowledgement. 有些人可能会觉得自己的工作不如别人的有价值，不值得被认可。 With what he had done ,he deserved to earn peoples respect. 鉴于他的所作所为，他理应赢得人民的尊重。 The great benefits laughter brings to our body deserve mentioning. The great benefits that laughter brings to our bodies deserve to be mentioned. 欢笑带给我们身体的诸多益处值得一提。 8.amuse vt. 使开心；逗笑 【原句重现】 He has a reputation for constantly encountering awkward situations,which greatly amuses audiences of all nationalities and cultures. （Lesson3） 他以总是遇到尴尬状况而闻名，这极大地逗乐了所有国籍和不同文化背景的观众。 【语句感知】 To my amusement, the amusing little clown amused the whole audience, and all were greatly amused by his silly body language. 令我觉得好笑的是，这个有趣的小丑逗乐了全场观众，所有人都被他滑稽的肢体动作逗得十分开心。 【词汇拓展】 ①amuse vt. 使开心；逗笑 amuse sb/oneself by/with sth. 通过……来逗某人/自己开心 eg.She amused herself with funny short videos when staying alone. 她独处时靠搞笑短视频自娱自乐。 ②amusement n. 消遣，娱乐；娱乐活动 to one’s (great) amusement 令人感到（极）好笑的是 eg.I stumbled sideways before landing flat on my back,much to the amusement of the rest of the guys. 我脚下一滑歪向一边，随后结结实实仰面摔在了地上，其余的小伙子们见状都乐坏了。 eg.People had very few amusements to choose from.There was no radio,or television. 人们可供选择的娱乐活动少之又少。当时没有收音机，也没有电视。 ③amusing adj. 有趣的，逗人笑的 an amusing story/game/incident 逗人笑的故事/游戏/事件 eg.His amusing performance caused a roar of laughter from the audience. 他那有趣的表演引得观众哄堂大笑。 He likes to surround himself with amusing people. 他喜欢让自己身边围绕着有趣的人。 ④amused adj. 觉得好笑的 be amused at/by 对……感到好笑 be amused to do sth. 做某事而感到好笑 eg.There was an amused look on the President’s face. 总统面带愉悦的神情。 A great number of visitors are amused by the live show Wang Po Matchmaking at Wansui Mountain, which accounts for its huge popularity. 大量游客都被万岁山的实景演出《王婆说媒》逗乐，这也是该演出大受欢迎的原因。 He was amused to see how seriously she took the game. 看到她把这个游戏看得这么认真，他觉得很有趣。 9.rely on 依赖；信赖 【原句重现】 His humour is always made clear through a series of simple and funny acts that rely purely on body language that is universal.（Lesson3） 他的幽默总是通过一系列简单又好笑的动作清晰地展现出来，完全依靠肢体语言这一全世界都能理解的方式。 【词汇拓展】 ①rely on 依赖；信赖 rely (heavily/entirely) on/upon sb./sth. (很大程度上/完全）依赖/指望某人/某物 rely on sb. doing sth. 指望/相信某人做某事 rely on sb. to do sth. 指望/相信某人做某事 rely on it that... 相信……（事情）；指望……（事情） eg.We rely on the comedian to bring us laughter. 我们相信这位喜剧演员（本人）能带给我们欢笑。 We rely on the comedian bringing us laughter. 我们相信喜剧演员能给我们带来欢笑。 Students prefer to rely on peers to relieve stress and anxiety. 学生更倾向于依靠同龄人来缓解压力和焦虑。 You can rely on it that our team will spare no effort to win the competition. 你尽管放心，我们团队会全力以赴赢得这场比赛。 ②reliable adj.可以依赖的；可以信赖的→unreliable adj.不可靠的→reliably adv.可靠地；确实地→reliability n.可靠性 reliable information 可靠咨询 a reliable witness 可信的目击证人 reliable friends 可信赖的朋友 eg.The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. （2024 ·新Ⅱ卷） 这种创新设计无需耗费太多精力，就能实现每周稳定供应新鲜绿叶蔬菜。 10.astonished adj.吃惊的，惊讶的 【原句重现】 When he looks at the menu,an astonished look quickly appears on his face.（Lesson3） 当他看菜单时，惊讶的神色迅速出现在他脸上。 【语句感知】 To my astonishment, the astonishing trend of foreign fans loving traditional Chinese culture astonishes netizens worldwide, and many people are astonished by its influence. 令我惊讶的是，海外网友热爱中国传统文化这一令人惊叹的潮流让全网网友感到震撼，很多人都对它的影响力倍感惊奇。 【词汇拓展】 ①astonish vt.使……十分惊讶；使……吃惊 astonish sb. with/by sth. 用/通过某事使某人惊讶 It astonish sb. (that)... ……使某人吃惊 eg.He purposed to both amuse and astonish the audience with his performance. 他打算用表演既逗乐观众，又让观众感到震撼。 eg.It astonished me that she still remembered my name. 她居然还记得我的名字，这让我很惊讶。 ②astonished adj.吃惊的，惊讶的 be astonished to do/at/by/that... 对（做）……感到惊讶 eg.He was astonished at what he found:a man was lying in the box. 她居然还记得我的名字，这让我很惊讶。 ③astonishing adj.惊人的，令人惊讶的→astonishingly adv.令人惊讶地 eg.China is developing at an astonishing speed,and will soon be one of the most powerful countries in the world. 中国正以惊人的速度发展，很快将成为世界上最强大的国家之一。 ④astonishment n.惊讶 to one’s astonishment 令某人感到惊讶的是 in astonishment 惊讶地 eg.To my astonishment, my daughter booked a trip abroad without my knowledge. 令我惊讶的是，我女儿在我不知情的情况下预订了一次出国旅行。 She shrieked twice-first in astonishment,the in rage. 她尖叫了两次——第一次是出于惊讶，第二次是出于愤怒。 11.talent n. 天资，天赋，才能 【原句重现】 As early as primary school,Rowan had already shown a talent for acting,but it was...（Lesson3） 早在小学时，罗恩就已经展现出了表演天赋，但…… 【词汇拓展】 ①talent n. 天资，天赋，才能 talent contest 才艺比赛 have a talent for 有……的天赋 show a talent for 展现出……天赋 eg.From an early age she displayed a precocious talent for music. 她从小就展现出了过人的音乐天赋。 ②talented adj.有才能的，有天赋的→untalented adj.缺乏才能的；没有天赋的 be talented in (doing) sth. 擅长（做）某事 eg.Such humans will also be talented in creative endeavors of all kinds,including art,music,dance,theater,song,writing,public speaking and so on. 这类人也会在各类创造性活动中颇具天赋，包括美术、音乐、舞蹈、戏剧、歌唱、写作、公开演讲等等。 12.convinced adj.确信的，信服的 【原句重现】 ...when he worked with Atkinson he became convinced that Rowan would be more famous than Charlie Chaplin.（Lesson3） 他和阿特金森共事时，确信罗温会比查理·卓别林更有名。 【语句感知】 She convinced herself that she was right and her convincing speech made everybody present convinced. 她说服自己她是对的，而她那有说服力的演讲让所有在场的人都信服了。 【词汇拓展】 ①convinced adj.确信的，信服的 be convinced of/that... 坚信/确信…… eg.Because they are convinced of the data,they stuck to their opinion. 由于他们确信这些数据，所以坚持自己的观点。 ②convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的 convincing evidence/reason/explanation/argument 具有说服力的证据/原因/解释/论点 eg.The stories mentioned above are convincing evidence to prove that action is more important than planning. ③convince vt.使……相信；使……信服 convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb. that... 使某人相信…… eg.He had finally convinced several customers of the advantages of his product. 他最终已经说服了好几位客户，让他们相信了他的产品的优势。 My parents have always convinced me to challenge myself,for which I’m really grateful. 我的父母一直说服我去挑战自我，对此我非常感激。 I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself,not with me. 我努力说服自己，问题出在事情本身，而不是我身上。 13.demand vt.要求n.需求；要求 【原句重现】 “I want a first-class seat on this flight,now!”demanded the man angrily.（Writing Workshop） “我要这趟航班的头等舱座位，现在就要！”男子怒气冲冲地要求道。 【词汇拓展】 ①demand vt.要求 demand to do sth. 要求/请求/需要做某事 demand sth. of sb. 向某人要求/请求某事 demand (that)...(should)do... 要求……做……（虚拟语气） eg.They need their dignity.They demand to be treated fairly. 他们需要自己的尊严。他们要求受到公平对待。 He demanded an immediate reply of us. He demanded of us to give an immediate reply. He demanded that we (should) give an immediate reply. 他要求我们立刻给出答复。 ②demand n.需求；要求 in demand 非常受欢迎或需要的 meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求 demand for 对……的需求 eg.Comedians with a good sense of humour are greatly in demand. 幽默感出众的喜剧演员十分受欢迎。 We are seeing an increasing demand for housing in the area. 我们看到该地区的住房需求正在上升。 Schools should try their best to satisfy students’ demands for diverse after‑school activities. 学校应当尽力满足学生对于多样化课外活动的需求。 ③demanding adj.需求高技能（或耐性等）的；费力的；要求极严的；苛求的 a demanding job 要求很高的工作 a demanding boss/child 苛刻的老板；难以满足的孩子 physically demanding 对身体素质要求高的 eg.Basketball is an interesting sport, but it’s also physically demanding. 篮球是一项有趣的运动，但它对体力要求也很高。 二、核心语法精讲 （一）进行时态：现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来进行时 三类时态核心都是进行，强调一段持续的动作；区别在于时间基准： 现在完成进行时：以现在为参照 过去完成进行时：以过去某个时间点为参照 将来进行时：以将来某个时间点为参照 1.现在完成进行时（Present Perfect Continuous） 【语句重现】 ①Students in my class have been practicing the dance over the past three weeks. ②We have been waiting for Mary for half an hour, but she hasn’t turned up until now. ③They have been widening the road these days. ④It has been snowing for three hours. 【明晰规则】 基本结构 肯定：have / has + been + doing 否定：have / has + not + been + doing 疑问：Have / Has +主语+ been + doing 【核心用法】 ①动作从过去开始，持续到现在，仍可能继续进行 常搭配：for +时间段；since + 时间点；over the past/last + 时间段；these days eg.She has been learning French for two years. （她两年前开始学法语，一直学到现在，很有可能还会继续学下去。） ②动作刚刚结束，但结果仍影响现在（常带有疲惫、烦躁等语境） eg.You look tired. You have been working. （工作刚刚停下，但是 “疲惫” 这个当下的结果能够体现刚刚持续进行的动作。） ③强调持续时间之久，带有强烈感情色彩（埋怨、赞叹） eg.You have been talking on the phone for an hour! （重点突出通话时间太长，暗含埋怨、不满的情绪。） ④现阶段反复发生的动作 eg.He has been visiting museums these days. （这些天他屡次去参观博物馆，是近期反复发生的行为，并非持续不间断。） 【高考辨析】 现在完成时（have done）vs 现在完成进行时（have been doing） have done：侧重动作最终结果，动作往往已经完结； have been doing：侧重动作持续过程，强调不间断、持续性。 eg.①I have read the novel. 现在完成时。（强调结果——我已经读完这本书了，知晓书中内容，动作结束。） ②I have been reading the novel. 现在完成进行时。（强调阅读的持续过程，暗含一直在看，目前还没有读完。） eg.③He has written three articles. 现在完成时。（突出成果、数量，一共写完三篇文章）。 ④He has been writing articles all morning. 现在完成进行时。（强调一早上持续写作的过程，不强调写完多少篇，可能还在写。） 【即时小练】 ① People ________ (pour) into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. ② Many people around the world ________ (enjoy) car-free city centre streets for many years. ③ —Tony, why are your eyes red? —I ________ (cut) up peppers for the last five minutes. ④ Our friends and relatives ________ (come) around all the time recently. ⑤ A novel design approach to gardening ________ (gain) in popularity worldwide. ⑥ China ________________ reforms for the benefit of all its citizens.（中国一直在推行改革） ⑦ You’d better take your raincoat. It ________ for hours.（雨下了好几个小时） ⑧ She ________________ the letter since four o’clock.（她下午四点起一直在写信） 【参考答案】 ① have been pouring ② have been enjoying ③ have been cutting ④ have been coming ⑤ has been gaining ⑥ has been pushing forward ⑦ has been raining ⑧ has been writing 2.过去完成进行时（Past Perfect Continuous） 【语句重现】 ① Everything had been going wrong for him. ② After he had been feeling depressed for a month, he decided to go to the doctor. ③ They had been expecting the news for some time. ④ He found the train had been waiting for passengers. 【明晰规则】 基本结构 肯定：had + been + doing 否定：had not (hadn’t) + been + doing 疑问：Had + 主语 + been + doing 【核心用法】 ① 在过去某个动作之前，一直在持续进行的动作（“过去的过去” 持续进行） 标志：before, when, by the end of + 过去时间 eg. He had been waiting for 40 minutes before the train arrived. （火车到站（过去动作）之前，他一直在等候；“等候” 发生在过去动作之前，是过去的过去持续进行。） ② 过去某一时间之前反复发生的动作 eg.She had been trying to contact him for days before she finally got through. （在终于打通电话（过去时点）之前，她多次尝试联系他，强调过去一段时间内反复进行的行为。） ③ 持续到过去某个时间点仍未停止的动作 eg.By midnight last night, they had been discussing the plan for six hours. （截止到昨晚午夜（过去时间点），讨论已经持续 6 小时，午夜时分讨论还没有结束。） ④ 带有感情色彩（厌恶、感慨） eg.He had been complaining about the weather all the trip, which annoyed everyone. （旅途之中他一直在抱怨天气，暗含厌烦、不满的情绪，突出持续不断的行为带来的负面感受。） 【高考辨析】 过去完成时 (had done) vs 过去完成进行时 (had been doing) had done：过去之前动作已经完成； had been doing：过去之前动作持续进行，侧重过程 eg.① She had cleaned the house before her parents returned. 过去完成时。（父母回来前，打扫工作已经结束，结果：屋子干净了。） ② She had been cleaning the house before her parents returned. 过去完成进行时。（父母回来前她一直在打扫，强调持续劳作的过程，不一定全部打扫完毕。） eg.③He had collected 500 stamps before he was 16. 过去完成时。（突出累积成果，一共收集到 500 张邮票；出现数量、成果，优先用 had done。） ④He had been collecting stamps for many years before he was 16. 过去完成进行时。（强调多年持续收集的漫长过程，不侧重收集的总数。） 【即时小练】 ① She went to bed at twelve. She ________ (wait) for him for four hours. ② They ________ (build) the road by the end of last month. ③ She was sixty. She ________ (write) the novel since she was fifty-five. ④ I ________ (watch) TV before he called me. ⑤ She ________________ English before entering college.（上大学前她一直在学英语） ⑥ He was tired. He ________________ for 8 hours.（他很累，他已经连续工作8小时） 【参考答案】 ① had been waiting ② had been building ③ had been writing ④ had been watching ⑤ had been learning ⑥ had been working 3.将来进行时（Future Continuous） 【语句重现】 ① Don’t come at eleven because I will be babysitting my niece. ② By this time next month, we will be lying on the beach sunbathing. ③ At this time tomorrow, I shall be flying to London. ④ Will you be using your textbook tomorrow? 【明晰规则】 基本结构 肯定：will / shall + be + doing 否定：will not (won’t) / shall not (shan’t) + be + doing 疑问：Will / Shall + 主语 + be + doing shall 多用于第一人称 I /we，现代英语中可统一用will 【核心用法】 ①将来某一时刻 / 某段时间，动作正在持续进行 标志词：at this time tomorrow/next week; by this time next month; at +钟点+将来时间 eg.At this time tomorrow, I will be taking a flight to Beijing. （锁定明天此刻这个特定将来时点，强调届时动作正在发生。） ②将来一段时间内持续延续的动作 eg.We will be studying in the library from 9 a.m. to 12 a.m. tomorrow. （指未来一段区间内持续开展的动作，强调时间段内动作不间断。） ③礼貌委婉询问对方将来安排；单纯陈述将来事实，不带主观意愿 eg.Will you be attending the meeting this Friday? （相比 Will you attend… 更加委婉客气，不带有劝说、要求的意味，只是询问客观安排。） eg.The scientists will be carrying out the research next year. （客观说明未来将要开展的事情，不含打算、计划、意愿等主观情绪。） 【高考辨析】 will do 表临时决定 / 意愿； will be doing 侧重客观将来、正在进行的场景 eg.①—Oh, we’ve run out of milk. — I will go and buy some. will do。（看到牛奶用完，当场临时决定去购买。） ② Don’t call me at 7 tonight. I will be shopping in the supermarket. will be doing。（说明今晚七点这个时间，自己正处于购物的过程中，描述将来正在进行的客观场景。） eg.③ I will help you with your homework. will do。（表达主观意愿、主动承诺，我愿意帮助你。） ④This time next week, I will be working in the new office. will be doing。（客观陈述下周此刻正在工作的状态，是既定安排，侧重进行场景。） 【即时小练】 ① Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ________ (teach) history at that time. ② Please don’t call me between 8:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m. tomorrow. I ________ (have) my classes then. ③ At this time tomorrow, you ________ (sit) there doing more exercises. ④ Do you think you ________ (do) the same job in ten years’ time? ⑤ ____________ Mr Wang this evening?（今晚你要和王先生见面吗？） ⑥ At this time tomorrow, ________________ the Atlantic.（明天这个时候，我们正飞越大西洋） ⑦ What ________________ at this time next Monday?（下周一这个时间你将在干什么？） 【参考答案】 ① will be teaching ② will be having ③ will be sitting ④ will be doing ⑤ Will you be meeting ⑥ we will be flying across ⑦ will you be doing （二）副词 1.副词的构成 副词用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，说明动作发生的方式、地点、时间、频率、程度。 2.形容词变副词的变化规则 ①一般直接加-ly：eg.quick→quickly；careful→carefully；natural→naturally ②辅音字母+ y结尾：变y为i +ly，eg.happy→happily；easy→easily ③-le结尾（不发音 e）：去e + y,eg,simple→simply；gentle→gently ④-ic结尾;加-ally,eg.historic→historically；basic→basically 易错：friendly, lovely, lively,silly,ugly,deadly,likely,lonely,orderly,manly,homely,costly,scholarly,deadly是形容词，不是副词！ 3.副词的功能 ①方式副词（How？描述动作方式），修饰动词，回答“怎样做” 例词：naturally, carefully, easily, badly, slowly，happily,sadly,loudly,softly,quickly eg.When this happens, he smiles politely, indicating that everything is fine. 发生这种情况时，他会礼貌地微笑，示意一切都好。 His films featured carefully designed scenes. 他的电影以精心设计的场景为特色。 ②地点副词（Where？地点、方位） 例词：here, there,behind, inside, outside,everywhere eg.When the waiters are not looking, however, he busies himself hiding the raw meat anywhere he can reach. 不过，当服务员们没在看的时候，他就忙着把生肉藏到他够得到的所有地方。 ③时间副词（When？动作发生时间） 例词：yesterday,tomorrow,soon,early, later, now, then, finally,immediately eg.As early as primary school, Rowan had already shown a talent for acting, but it was only later at university that he decided to become an actor. 早在小学时，罗文就已经展现出了表演天赋，但直到后来上大学时他才决定成为一名演员。 In the film, Chaplin's Little Tramp character works in a factory, suffers mental torment, goes to jail, but finally becomes a hero. 在这部电影中，卓别林饰演的小流浪汉角色在一家工厂工作，遭受精神折磨，进了监狱，但最终成为了一名英雄。 ④频率副词（How often？动作发生频次） 例词：always＞usually＞often＞sometimes＞occasionally＞seldom＞rarely＞hardly＞never eg.Mr Bean has a reputation for constantly encountering awkward situations. 憨豆先生以总是遇到尴尬状况而闻名。 ⑤程度副词（修饰形容词 / 副词，表程度） 例词：very, truly, almost, greatly, quite, really,purely,extremely,absolutely,hardly eg.His humour is always made clear through a series of simple and funny acts that rely purely on body language that is universal. 他的幽默总是通过一系列简单有趣的动作展现得淋漓尽致，这些表演完全依靠通用的肢体语言来传递。 Mr Bean has a reputation for constantly encountering awkward situations,which greatly amuses audiences of all nationalities and cultures. 憨豆先生以总遇到尴尬状况而闻名，这极大地逗乐了来自不同国家和不同文化背景的观众。 It is clear from the look on his face as he is chewing that the taste truly awful. 从他咀嚼时的表情就能明显看出，味道真的很差。 4.意义有别的同根副词 规律：不带- ly多表具象空间/动作；带- ly多表抽象、情感、引申含义 hard / hardly hard adv. 努力地；猛烈地 hardly adv. 几乎不 late / lately late adv. 迟，晚 lately adv. 最近 close / closely close adv.（距离）靠近 closely adv. 密切地，仔细地 deep / deeply deep adv.（空间）深深地 deeply adv.（情感）深深地 high / highly high adv.（物理高度）高 highly adv. 高度地；非常 wide / widely wide adv.（空间）宽阔地 widely adv. 广泛地 near / nearly near adv. 靠近 nearly adv. 几乎，差不多 eg.He watched closely.（他仔细观察） The plane flies high. We think highly of Chaplin. 【即时小练】 1.用括号内单词的适当形式填空 ①Mr Bean hides his food ________ (secret) in the restaurant. ②Rowan Atkinson speaks ________ (careful) to make himself understood. ③The little tramp finally became ________ (success). ④His stories are ________ (great) loved by audiences. ⑤He smiled ________ (polite) to the waiter. ⑥________ (final), he found a place to hide the raw meat. ⑦Chaplin planned his scenes ________ (careful). ⑧People ________ (constant) laugh at Mr Bean’s awkward actions. 2.选词填空hard /hardly; late /lately; close /closely（单词可重复选用） ①Watch the actor ________; you will find his small funny actions. ②He stayed up ________ last night. ③I haven’t seen him ________. ④He works ________, so he ________ has time for rest. 3.完成句子 ①憨豆先生小心翼翼地把肉藏起来，以免被服务员发现。 Mr Bean hid the meat ________________________ so that the waiter wouldn’t find it. ②卓别林很少在公众面前谈论自己的童年。 Chaplin ________________________ talked about his childhood in public. ③仔细观察这位演员，你能领会他表演的精髓。 Watch the actor ________________________, and you will grasp the spirit of his performance. ④他学习十分刻苦，几乎没有休闲时间。 He studies ________________________ and ________________________ has spare time. ⑤最终，他凭借独特的喜剧风格闻名全球。 ________________________, he gained worldwide fame with his unique comedy style. ⑥这位演员待人礼貌，深受观众喜爱。 The actor treats others ________ and is deeply loved by audiences. ⑦大家非常喜欢他塑造的小人物形象。 His image of the little tramp is ________ loved by people. 【参考答案】 1.用括号内单词的适当形式填空 ①secretly ②carefully ③successful ④greatly ⑤politely ⑥Finally ⑦carefully ⑧constantly 2.选词填空 ①closely ②late ③lately ④hard; hardly 3.完成句子（答案不唯一，合理即可） ①carefully / secretly ②seldom / rarely ③closely ④hard; hardly ⑤Finally ⑥politely ⑦greatly 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本次写作任务为撰写一则幽默小故事，属于记叙文。文章核心是设置出人意料的笑点（punchline），写作需包含清晰的场景、人物、情节铺垫与简短趣味结尾。全文以一般过去时为主，恰当运用直接对话、动作描写塑造人物，借助情绪反差制造戏剧冲突。行文要避免词汇重复，叙事逻辑层层递进，重点注意笑点结束后不再添加多余内容。写作可选用亲身趣事或转述幽默故事，着重打磨反转结尾，提升故事趣味性。 2. 写作框架 Writing workshop课文结构复盘： 首段：大雪造成机场延误，航班取消； 主体：愤怒乘客与工作人员争执对话； 尾段：工作人员巧妙回应，形成笑点。 Funny story写作框架： Paragraph 1 背景介绍（Setting）：交代故事发生时间、地点、场景、人物，引出故事开端。 可用句型： You won’t believe it but … The other day, I was doing... when... Paragraph 2 主体情节（Plot）：推进故事发展，引入人物矛盾，运用直接引语、动作描写，为最后的笑点做好铺垫。 技巧：利用人物情绪对比（暴躁vs礼貌、焦急vs淡定）制造戏剧冲突。 Paragraph 3 趣味结尾（Punchline）:抛出反转笑点，简洁收尾，结尾之后不再续写感想。 3. 写作素材 开头句（场景引入） ①The heavy snow last winter caused long delays at the airport. 去年冬天的大雪造成机场长时间延误。 ②You won’t believe it but a funny thing happened to me last week. 你一定想不到，上周我遇到一件趣事。 ③The other day, I was waiting in a café when something amusing took place. 几天前，我正在咖啡馆等候，一件有趣的事发生了。 情节描写句（冲突 + 对话） ①Hundreds of unlucky passengers were told the flight had been cancelled. 数百名倒霉的乘客被告知航班取消。 ②“I want a seat right now!” the man demanded angrily. “我现在就要一个座位！” 这名男子愤怒地要求。 ③The young man replied politely, “Please wait your turn.” 年轻人礼貌地回应：“请按顺序排队。” 结尾笑点过渡句 ①Then came the surprising reply that made everyone burst into laughter. 随后出人意料的回答让所有人哄堂大笑。 ②What he said next turned out to be the funniest part of the whole story. 他接下来的话成为整个故事最有趣的地方。 加分描写表达 动作描写：smile, stand up, speak loudly 微笑、站起身、大声说话 副词对比：angrily VS politely 愤怒地 VS 礼貌地（塑造人物反差） 高级短语：burst into laughter 突然大笑；take place 发生 4.范文背诵 A funny story You won’t believe it but a funny thing happened to me when I visited a scenic spot recently. Last weekend, I travelled to a popular tourist attraction, little knowing that an interesting accident would occur. While crowds wandered around the scenic area, I was enjoying the sights. Suddenly a little primary school student came over naturally and grabbed my hand tightly. He thought I was his father and walked alongside me happily. I froze instantly, not daring to pull my hand away and disturb the kid. I glanced around, wondering where his real family was. What happened next brought a big surprise. Soon a panicked man hurried towards us and called out the boy’s name. The boy looked up and realized he had mistakenly held a stranger’s hand. He blushed with embarrassment, and both adults couldn’t help bursting into laughter. 易错点01 so that / so...that 【一句话辨异】 I practiced telling funny stories so frequently that I could perform vividly in the class show so that I could bring joy and laughter to my classmates. 我课余反复练习讲幽默小故事，以至于能在班级展示中生动演绎，只为给同学们带去欢乐与笑声。 【错因辨析】 1. so that以便，为了；结果‌。（单词连用，中间不插任何词汇） ①表目的：译为“以便、为了”，从句常搭配 can/could/will 等情态动词，不可用于句首。 eg.I watch humorous videos so that I can relax my mood. 我看幽默视频来放松心情。 ②表结果：译为“结果、因此”，从句无情态动词，陈述已发生的事实。 eg.I misunderstood the joke, so that I felt quite embarrassed. 我误解了笑话，因此十分尴尬。 2. so…that… 如此……以至于……（单词拆分，中间嵌词） ①so + 形容词/副词 + that 从句 eg.The math problem was so difficult that nearly half of the class failed to work it out in the quiz. little 这道数学题难度太高，测验时班里近一半学生都没能做出来。 ②so + many/much/few/little（表数量）+ 名词 + that 从句 eg.He made so little progress in his performance that few people understood his humour. （little 数量少 用so） 他的表演进步甚微，几乎没人看懂他的幽默。 eg.They are such little kids that they can’t understand this kind of humour. （little 年纪小的 用such） 他们是这么小的孩子，理解不了这种幽默。 ③so + adj. + a/an + 单数名词 = such + a/an + adj. + 单数名词 eg.It was so amazing a show that the audience cheered loudly. = It was such an amazing show that the audience cheered loudly. 这场演出精彩绝伦，观众们都高声欢呼起来。 【对点训练】 1.The boy’s silly mistake was ________ amusing ________ all passers-by burst into laughter. 2.He pretended to be calm ________ ________ he could hide his embarrassment. 3.这位喜剧演员的表演如此生动，以至于打动了各年龄段的观众。 The comedian’s performance was . 4.我认真观察生活中的趣事，以便积累更多英语写作素材。 I carefully observe funny things in life . 【参考答案】 1. so;that 2. so that 3. so vivid that it impressed audiences of all ages 4. so that I can collect more English writing materials 【解析】 1.so; that 结构：so + 形容词 (amusing) + that 从句，so…that… 意为 “如此…… 以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。 2.so that so that 连用，此处引导目的状语从句，含义“以便、为了”，从句常出现 can/could 等情态动词。 3.so vivid that it impressed audiences of all ages performance 是主语，vivid 为形容词，适用 so + adj. + that 从句（so…that… 结果状语结构）。 4.so that I can collect more English writing materials 表动作目的 “积累写作素材”，使用so that引导目的状语从句，从句搭配情态动词can。 易错点02 -ing /-ed形容词特殊考点 【一句话辨异】 He wore an amused look when watching the amusing comedy, showing that he was truly entertained. 看这场有趣的喜剧时，他面带笑意，看得出他真的被逗乐了。 【错因辨析】 1.基本规则 -ing 形容词：令人……的（修饰事物，表达事物带给人的感受） -ed 形容词：感到……的（修饰人，表达人的内心情绪） 2.易错点 当名词为 look, expression, face, smile, voice（表情、神情、面容、笑容、嗓音），描述人内在情绪流露在外的神态时，要用- ed形容词。 ✅ an amused look 感到好笑的神情（人内心觉得好笑，流露在脸上） ❌ an amusing look（含义变为：一种会让别人发笑的长相，极少使用） 同类拓展：a surprised look /an excited expression /a worried face/an embarrassed smile/a disappointed gesture eg.The joke is amusing. 这个笑话很有趣。 eg.He was amused by the funny performance. 他被这场滑稽的表演逗乐了。 eg.She had an amused expression when listening to the comedy. 她听喜剧的时候脸上带着觉得有趣的神情。 eg.She had a surprised expression when she heard the surprising ending of the joke. 听到这个笑话出人意料的结局，她露出惊讶的神情。 eg.The embarrassed actor wore an embarrassed smile on the stage. 这位尴尬的演员在舞台上露出了窘迫的笑容。 eg.The worried mother had a worried look on her face. 忧心忡忡的母亲脸上带着焦虑的神情。 【对点训练】 1.When hearing the ________ (surprise) news, he had a ________ (surprise) expression. 2.The ________ (amuse) performance made all the audience ________ (amuse). 3.Seeing the ________ (embarrass) scene, she wore a ________ (embarrass) smile. 4.The ________ (astonish) look on his face suggested that he was ________ (astonish) at the joke. 5.The story is so ________ (move) that many listeners had ________ (move) expressions. 6.He gave me a ________ (disappoint) look when he heard the ________ (disappoint) result of the comedy competition. 【参考答案】 1.surprising; surprised 2.amusing; amused 3.embarrassing; embarrassed 4.astonished; astonished 5.moving; moved 6.disappointed; disappointing 【解析】 1.news 为事物，令人吃惊的→surprising；expression 是神情名词，用 - ed 形式 surprised。 2.修饰事物 performance，令人发笑的→amusing；修饰人 audience，表示 “感到好笑的”→amused。 3.scene 是事物，令人尴尬的→embarrassing；smile 属于神态，用 - ed 形式 embarrassed。 4.look 为人的神情，用 astonished；主语 he 是人，感到震惊→astonished。 5.修饰事物 story，令人感动的→moving；expressions 神情名词，用 moved。 6.look 是神情，用 disappointed；result 为事物，令人失望的→disappointing 易错点03 get/obtain/acquire /gain/attain 【一句话辨异】 You can get basic knowledge easily, but it takes time to acquire a skill; you gain experience through practice, obtain official documents via formal channels, and finally attain your life goals. 你可以轻松获取基础知识，但习得技能需要时间；你在实践中积累经验，通过正规渠道拿到官方文件，最终实现人生目标。 【错因辨析】 1. get（通用口语词） 含义：得到、收到 特点：适用范围最广，口语、书面均可；高考写作尽量少用，优先替换高级词。 宾语：人、物品、信息等一切事物 例：I got a gift yesterday. 2. obtain（正式书面语） 含义：（通过途径、手续、努力）获得 特点：侧重主动设法拿到物品、证件、许可、数据 obtain permission 获得许可 obtain evidence/data 获取证据/数据 obtain a certificate/license 拿到证书/执照 obtain funding/support 获得资金/支持 obtain materials/resources 获取材料/资源 obtain information from… 从……获取信息例： 3. acquire 含义：习得；获取 核心：慢慢习得（知识、技能、习惯）；也可指收购资产 acquire knowledge 习得知识 acquire skills/techniques 掌握技能 acquire good habits 养成好习惯 acquire a foreign language 习得一门外语 acquire confidence 逐步建立自信 acquire property/assets 收购资产 4. gain 含义：赢得；积累；收获 核心：侧重收获优势、经验、利益、信心、权重；常暗含“付出努力换来回报” gain experience 积累经验 gain confidence 获得信心 gain respect/trust 赢得尊重/信任 gain an advantage 取得优势 gain weight 体重增加 gain access to 得以进入/接触 gain support 获得支持 5. attain 含义：达成、实现（目标、高度） 核心：长期奋斗，抵达某个抽象高度、目标、境界 attain one’s goal/aim/dream 实现目标/梦想 attain success 取得成功 attain a high standard/level 达到较高水准 attain adulthood 步入成年 attain power/status 获得权力/地位 【对点训练】 1.Students are supposed to ________ basic learning habits in middle school. 2.After years of hard work, she finally ________ her lifelong goal. 3.Researchers managed ________ accurate data from the field experiment. 4.Through constant practice, you will ________ rich experience and self-confidence. 5.It is not easy for teenagers ________ real independent living skills. 6.The company has ________ official permission to launch the new product. 7.He ________ great respect from colleagues for his devotion to work. 8.Only by keeping improving can we ________ a higher level of competence. 9.You will ________ tired if you keep working without rest. 10.The young writer gradually ________ a unique writing style of his own. 【参考答案】 1. acquire 2. attained 3. to obtain 4. gain 5. to acquire 6. obtained 7. gained 8. attain 9. get 10. acquired 【解析】 1.habit 习惯 → 慢慢习得 → acquire 2. goal 人生目标 → 达成高度 → attain（过去式） 3.data 科研数据、正式获取 → obtain；manage to do 4.experience /confidence 经验、信心 → gain 固定搭配 5.skills 技能习得 → acquire；it is easy to do 6.permission 官方许可 → 正式获取 → obtain 7.respect 赢得尊重 → gain 8.level 水平、层次 → attain 9.get + 形容词（状态变化）固定句型 10.style、能力、风格的逐步养成 → acquire 一、默写重点单词 1.___________ n. 喜剧；喜剧片 2.___________ adj. 幽默的，诙谐的 3.___________ vi. & vt. 假装，装作 4.___________ vt. 模仿 5.___________ adj. 面部的；脸上的 6.___________ vi. 交流；交往；相互作用 7.___________ n. 焦虑，不安，担心 8.___________ adj. 重要的，重大的 9.___________ vt. 增强；改进；提高 10.___________ adj. 难堪的，尴尬的 11.___________ vt. 使开心；逗笑 12.___________ n. 喜剧演员 13.___________ n. 名誉，名望 14.___________ vt. 遇到；邂逅 15.___________ vi. & vt. 依赖；依靠 16.___________ adj. 普遍的，广泛适用的 17.___________ adj. 吃惊的，惊讶的 18.___________ adj. 好笑的，有趣的 19.___________ adj. 确信的，信服的 20.___________ n. 天才，天赋，才能 【参考答案】 1.comedy 2.humorous 3.pretend 4.imitate 5.facial 6.interact 7.anxiety 8.significant 9.enhance 10.embarrassed 11.amuse 12.comedian 13.reputation 14.encounter 15.rely 16.universal 17.astonished 18.amusing 19.convinced 20.talent 二、对比填空 1.embarrassed/embarrassing/embarrassment ①It is likely that you make your friends feel if you don’t know Chinese table manners. ②In addition,if you don’t feel at ease while facing somebody,you can turn your back to him to avoid . ③My most moment was trying to introduce a woman whose name I couldn’t remember. 2.deserve to do/deserve doing/to be done ①It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that (respect). ②Maria is constantly making efforts; she (achieve) the goal of entering the key university. 3.convincing/convinced ①The acting is so that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted. ②It is for these reasons that I am firmly that this rule will promote the learning atmoshpere and our teamwork spirit. 4.pretend to/pretend to be doing/pretend to have done ①She (do) her homework when her mother came in. ②When mother came back,I (fall) asleep. ③She (not,know) me when we met in the street,which really upset me. 5.attain/obtain ①We need to identify the best way of our goals. ②We have permission from the direction to use some of our funds. 【参考答案】 1. embarrassed / embarrassing / embarrassment ① embarrassed ② embarrassment ③ embarrassing 2. deserve to do / deserve doing / deserve to be done ① deserve to be respected ② deserves to achieve 3. convincing / convinced ① convincing ② convinced 4. pretend to/pretend to be doing/pretend to have done ① pretended to be doing ② pretended to have fallen ③ pretended not to know 5. attain / obtain ① attaining ② obtained 【解析】 1. embarrassed / embarrassing / embarrassment ① embarrassed 解析：feel + -ed 形容词，表示 “（人）感到尴尬的”。句意：如果你不了解中国餐桌礼仪，可能会让朋友感到尴尬。 ② embarrassment 解析：avoid 后接名词作宾语，embarrassment n. 尴尬。 ③ embarrassing 解析：修饰事物 moment，-ing 形容词，意为 “令人尴尬的”。 2. deserve 固定结构 ① deserve to be respected 解析：主语 those（人）“值得被尊重”，被动含义。 ② deserves to achieve 解析：主语 she，主动含义 “理应实现目标”；主语为单数，时态一般现在时，谓语变形 deserves。 3. convincing / convinced ① convincing 解析：修饰 acting（表演），事物，令人信服的。 ② convinced 解析：be firmly convinced that… 坚信…… 固定搭配。 4. pretend 非谓语结构 ① pretended to be doing 解析：when mum came in（过去瞬间），她假装正在写作业，进行状态。 ② pretended to have fallen 解析：妈妈回来之前，假装已经睡着了，动作发生在 pretended 之前，用完成式。 ③ pretended not to know 解析：pretend to do 的否定形式：pretend not to do；假装不认识某人。 5. attain / obtain ① attaining 解析：way of doing sth；宾语 goals（目标），用 attain。 ② obtained 解析：have + 过去分词构成现在完成时；obtain permission 获取许可，固定搭配。 三、词汇运用 1. The ________ (amuse) expression on his face suggested that he was satisfied with the result. 2. The writer is well-known for his ________ (humour) style in most of his works. 3. He pretended ________ (ignore) the mistake in public, which only made things worse. 4. Regular activities help people improve the ability ________ (interact) with strangers. 5. Continuous pressure will give rise to feelings of ________ (anxious) among teenagers. 6. This policy has ________ (significant) reduced the waste of public resources. 7. To his great ________ (embarrass), he failed to remember the speaker’s name. 8. Many tourists were deeply ________ (amuse) by the local folk performances in the small town. 9. Don’t rely ________ others to solve all the problems you meet in life. 10. The desire for freedom is a ________ (universe) feeling shared by all human beings. 11. The young scientist ________ (encounter) countless difficulties before he made the great breakthrough. 12. Only those with natural ________ (talent) and constant efforts can achieve long-term success. 13. The media report left the public ________ (convince) that effective measures would be taken soon. 14. The ________ (astonish) news spread quickly across the whole country within one day. 15. People use ________ (face) expressions to convey feelings when words fail them. 【参考答案】 1. amused 2. humorous 3. to ignore 4. to interact 5. anxiety 6. significantly 7. embarrassment 8. amused 9. on 10. universal 11. encountered 12. talent 13. convinced 14. astonishing 15. facial 三、重点句型 1.随后出现滑稽的一幕，让在场所有人哄堂大笑。 made everyone present burst into laughter 2.我如此惊讶，一时间不知道该说什么。 I was I didn’t know what to say for a moment. 3.你一定想不到，上周我闹出了一个大笑话。 I made a silly mistake last week. 4.我正站在汽车旁边，这时一只蜂鸟飞到我们队伍的中心，开始盘旋。 I a hummingbird flew into the centre of our group and started circling around. 【参考答案】 1.Then came the funny scene that 2.so astonished that 3.You won’t believe it but 4.was standing beside the car when 四、课文语法填空 Mr Bean, a classic character in comedies, 1 (recognise) for meeting endless ridiculous situations in his daily life. He gets his humour across to the audience purely by a series of universal body language without any words. In one of the most popular episodes, Mr Bean comes to a fancy restaurant in celebration of his birthday, only 2 (astonish) that the only dish he can afford is one named “steak tartare”, which is actually a raw hamburger. The moment the dish is served, he attempts to chew it. 3 , he finds it is too disgusting to swallow, and he has no alternative but to hide his real feelings. During all the dinner time, he occupies __4_ (him) with hiding the raw meat, and even throws some down the trousers of the restaurant’s violinist. What a funny but 5 (embarrass) birthday! Contrary to Mr Bean, Rowan Atkinson, the actor of Mr Bean, lived a normal life. 6 (born) into an ordinary family, he was treated in such a strict manner 7 stood out well in his study and even ___8____ (attain) his degree at Oxford. Besides, he was ______9______ (convince) he would be a successful actor with his talent for acting. Years later, it is obvious that his hard work has paid ____10_____ in the end. 【参考答案】 1. is recognised 2. to be astonished 3. However 4. himself 5. embarrassing 6. Born 7. that 8. attained 9. convinced 10. off 【解析】 1. is recognised 固定搭配：be recognised for 因…… 闻名；主语 Mr Bean 是单数，全文一般现在时，使用被动语态。 2. to be astonished only to do 作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果；逻辑主语是人，感到吃惊 → to be astonished。 3. However 前后句逻辑转折：他尝试咀嚼，然而发现难以下咽。逗号隔开，填副词 However（首字母大写）。 4. himself 固定短语：occupy oneself with sth. 忙于某事。 5. embarrassing 修饰名词 birthday（事物），令人尴尬的，使用 - ing 形容词；embarrassed 修饰人。 6. Born be born into… 出生于……；此处作状语，省略 be 动词，直接用 Born（首字母大写）。 7. that 固定句型：such … that … 如此…… 以至于……。 8. attained 并列谓语，与 was 时态保持一致，一般过去时；attain one’s degree 取得学位。 9. convinced 固定结构：be convinced (that) … 坚信……。 10. off 固定短语：pay off 取得成功；得到回报。 五、阅读理解 A With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, it’s not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humour just to help us get through each and every day of our lives. Putting a smile on someone’s face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps（处于沮丧中）, as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart. How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co-workers, neighbors, close friends, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don’t know the person I’m joking around with. My grandma always found humour in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is common courtesy（礼貌）to speak to others that are around you. I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke? Laughing is essential to keeping your stress levels under control. Without humour we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together. 1. According to the author, humour is useful in the aspect that ______. A. it makes people more confident B. it can pick up people’s spirits C. it can help get rid of the cruelty in the world D. it can help people get on well with others 2. The author answers the question in the second paragraph with ______. A. facts and descriptions B. evidence and argument C. examples and conclusion D. stories and persuasion 3. The underlined phrase“busting a gut”in the third paragraph can be replaced by“______”. A. explaining carefully B. speaking loud C. keeping silent D. laughing hard 4. What is the author’s attitude toward the present world? A. Positive. B. Critical. C. Satisfied. D. Indifferent. 【参考答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B 【解析】 1.B 推理判断题。文章第一段：幽默能帮助人们渡过每一天；别人沮丧时，笑容能温暖人心；最后一段：幽默缓解压力、驱散悲伤。pick up people’s spirits = 振奋情绪、让人振作。A文中没有提到自信；C幽默无法消除世间残酷；D和睦相处只是附带作用，不是核心作用。 2. C细节理解题。第二段先提出问句，随后举了两个例子：①作者经常和别人开玩笑；②祖母无论做什么事都寻找乐趣。最后给出总结：幽默缓解压力，也是与人交往的礼貌。 3. D词义猜测题。上下文对比：旁人听完笑话捧腹大笑，而有些人面无表情。while表对比：别人面无表情，我却开怀大笑。busting a gut为俚语，含义：狂笑、捧腹大笑= laughing hard。 4. B观点态度题。态度词辨析：positive积极的；critical批判的；satisfied满意的；indifferent冷漠的。原文：There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy.作者认为当今世界充斥悲伤，令人崩溃，可见对当下世界持批判态度。 B The classroom environment offers many ways to include fun and laughter into a potentially dull routine, and effective educators make the most of these opportunities. 5 . Lighten up the atmosphere Humour can be used to enrich literacy skills, spark creativity, teach critical analysis or just lighten the mood in the classroom. 6 . Make fun of yourself and your mistakes. This can make students smile and has the added benefit of showing students that teachers are human. Use current music and sports subjects in teaching examples to engage students and introduce a fun cultural reference into the usually somber atmosphere of school. Use humour in the media 7 . Take advantage of political cartoons to analyse historical events or trends and begin a debate. Humorous authors and reporters in the media can be used as models for writing jobs or oral presentations. 8 . Children can fill in the words the cartoon characters might say, and then transfer those actual words into a story using quotation marks. Comics also can be used to teach literary devices such as puns, metaphors and symbolism. Children can create their own comics combining imagery from word pairs, a cartoon mouse using a computer mouse, for instance. The learning benefits of humour 9 . Humour is found to be an important entryway into improving social connections with others. Brains might be able to be trained to interpret a difficult situation in a humorous way in order to help the body cope with stressful circumstances. A. Keep a cartoon and joke file B. Include happy remarks throughout lessons C. Find humour from the behaviour of students D. Humour is a kind of daily show for teachers E. So young students laugh a lot in their classrooms F. Humour can improve learning and strengthen memories G. Newspapers provide points for issues on current events 【答案】5.E 6.B 7.G 8.A 9.F 【解析】 5.根据上文“The classroom environment offers many ways to include fun and laughter into a potentially dull routine, and effective educators make the most of these opportunities.”可知，空白处应承接上文，与上文为因果关系。故E选项"所以年轻的学生在教室里笑得很开心”符合语境。 6.由小标题“Lighten up the atmosphere”和下文 “Make fun of yourself and your mistakes.”可知,B选项“在整个课程中加人快乐的话语”承接上文，介绍了在教室里教师们可以利用幽默活跃教室气氛的做法。 7.G由小标题“Use humour in the media"可知，空白处 应与之相呼应，G选项“报纸为时事新闻提供观点”符合语境，其中的Newspapers 也属于媒体的一种。 8.A由下文内容可知，该空考查段落主题句。本段 主要介绍了教师可以利用卡通漫画来帮助学生学到知识，故A选项“保存卡通和笑话文件”切题。 9.F由小标题“The learning benefits of humour”和下文 “Humour is found to be an important entryway into . cope with stressful circumstances.”可知，本段主要描述了幽默的学习益处。F选项“幽默可以改善学习，增强记忆”是幽默学习益处的具体方面，承接上下文。 六、基础写作 假定你是李华，你的外国笔友Tom给你写信,询问你最喜欢的中国或西方喜剧演员，请你给他回信。内容包括: 1.你最喜欢的演员； 2.你了解的这名演员的情况和令你印象深刻的作品; 3.你的感悟。 注意: 1.写作词数应为80左右; 2.请按如下格式作答; 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数。 Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear from you. I’m looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Tom, I'm glad to hear from you. I'm writing to tell you that Charlie Chaplin is my favourite comedian and I'd like to share with you something about him. Chaplin was born in a poor area of London. At an early age, he was forced to join the mobile troupe,travelling all over the UK. Afterwards he began working in the movie business, and in 1914 in a film he created a tragedy Charlot, and this special image is also my favourite film image. It brings both amusement and thinking to the audience. I like Chaplin especially because of his hard-working and perseverant attitude to life and his career. I'm looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $