UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 突破疑难（PPT同步课件）-【学而思】2026-2027学年高一英语必修第一册（人教版）

该高中英语单元复习课件系统梳理了“自然灾害”主题下的核心词汇、语法及语用知识，通过“词汇精讲（含词性、搭配、辨析）-语法突破（定语从句、特殊句型）-语篇应用（长难句翻译）”层级构建知识网络，帮助学生形成完整的语言知识体系。 其特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如通过词汇辨析表格（damage/destroy等）引导学生分析比较，结合2026年各地期中真题设计分层练习（基础填空、句型转换），地道英语（如“大树底下好乘凉”）渗透文化意识。这种设计既巩固知识，又助力教师精准实施个性化复习教学。

UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　I suggest you don't take shelter from/shelter from the rain under the trees during thunder- storms in summer.我建议你在夏天雷雨发生时不要在树下避雨。   　　The old lady looked up and found an umbrella was sheltering her from the rain.老太太抬起 头来,发现有把伞在为她遮雨。   高频词汇精讲 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念    ①take shelter_________...躲避……  ②shelter from...躲避…… ③shelter..._________...保护……免受…… 　from     　from     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①(The Guardian)The refugees(难民) tried to shelter themselves _________ the cold winter winds in the makeshift tents. ②[2024浙江1月]When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call— not to shelter _________ the rain. 　from     　from     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　Many ancient buildings fell into ruin after the earthquake.地震过后,许多古建筑都被毁了。   ①(be/lie)_______ ruins毁坏;严重受损;破败不堪 ②fall _________ ruin衰落;破败;被毁灭   　into     　in     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 damage 多指轻度损坏,一般是可修复的 也可以指对健康、感情、名誉等的伤害 ruin 多指自然因素对建筑物、动植物等带来严重破坏, 后果往往是使它们丧失价值 也可指毁掉假期、希望、梦想、前程、事业等美 好的事物或严重危害健康 destroy 指彻底毁坏,使事物丧失功能或不复存在 也可指使希望、计划等落空或摧毁人的信心等 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①[2026广东广州市执信中学期中]Never did I know how terrifying a disaster could be until I witnessed the entire city lying in __________(ruin). ②Yuanmingyuan—the garden of all gardens—was burnt and fell _________ ruin in 1860.   　into     　ruins     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     The news that the scientist I admire most had passed away came as a shock.我最钦佩的那位科学家去 世的消息让人震惊。  　　It is a shock to hear that AI can create questions according to a given text.听说人工智能可以根据 指定的文本生成问题,真令人震惊。    ①_______ shock 震惊;吃惊;休克 ②come _______ a shock 让人震惊 　as     　in     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ③It is a shock to see/hear/find...看到/听说/发现……真令人震惊。  ④sb. be shocked to see/hear/find...某人看到/听说/发现……感到震惊。   ①shocked adj.震惊的;惊讶的(常形容人或人的表情、语气等) be shocked by/at...对……吃惊 ②shocking adj.令人震惊的(常形容事物) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①[2026河南南阳期中] The poverty of the community was __________, and initially, I felt ___________ and useless.(shock) ②[2026陕西省汉中中学月考]My father was shocked __________ Valerie's kindness and could hardly be- lieve his ears. ③[2026江西上饶月考]Her husband was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was em- barrassed and clearly _______ shock. ④Later on, when traveling around, he was shocked __________(find) a piece of land that was just the place in his dream. ⑤震惊且激动,我简直不敢相信自己的耳朵。(形容词作状语) 　to find     　in     　by/at     　shocked     　shocking     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ____________ ________ ____________, I simply couldn't believe my ears. 　excited     　and     　Shocked     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　Some advertisements like to trap old people into buying some useless things.有些广告喜欢 诱骗老年人买一些没用的东西。   　　The cheater set a trap for him and he walked straight into it.骗子给他设下了圈套,他就 径直钻了进去。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念    ①be/get trapped in...被困在……中;陷入…… ②trap sb. _________ (doing) sth.诱骗某人做某事  ③lay/set a trap ________...为……设下圈套 ④fall/walk into a/the trap落入圈套,掉进陷阱 　for     　into     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ① [2026重庆市育才中学期中]This includes medical care, food, water, temporary shelter, and search- and-rescue missions to find people ____________(trap) under the ruins. ②Overthinkers often fall _________ the trap of endless decision-making. To combat(防止) this, set a deadline for even small choices. ③ [2025全国一]What determines the effectiveness of __________(trap) microplastics(微塑料) in water? 　trapping     　into     　 trapped     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　The doctor asked me to breathe in, and then to breathe out fully.医生让我吸气,然后全部呼 出。   ①breathe _______吸气/breathe ________呼气 ②breathe a sigh of relief 松一口气 ③breathe deeply深呼吸 　out     　in     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①breath n.呼吸的空气;一次吸入的空气 take a deep breath深吸一口气 hold one's breath屏住呼吸;憋气 catch one's breath喘口气,恢复正常呼吸 take one's breath away令某人惊叹 out of breath喘不过气来 ②breathless adj.上气不接下气的 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①[2026广东广州月考]The primary signal(信号) that draws mosquitoes from a distance is the carbon diox- ide (CO2) we breathe ________. ②She learns everything we teach her, at a pace that takes my breath _________. ③[2026江苏南京期中]然后,她深吸一口气说:“请看看你的椅子下面。” Then, she _________ ____ ________ ___________ and said, “Please look under your chair.” 　breath     　deep     　a     　took     　away     　out     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　As a senior high school student, you must make efforts to improve your communication and prob- lem-solving skills.作为一名高中生,你必须努力提高沟通和解决问题的技巧。 　　In an effort to protect the environment, people should cut down carbon footprints.为了保护环境, 人们应该减少碳足迹。   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　We are supposed to be responsible for our own behaviour and spare no effort to protect the ocean from being polluted.我们应该对我们自己的行为负责,不遗余力地保护海洋不受污染。     ①make an effort/efforts __________ sth.努力做某事 ②spare _______ effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事 ③_______ an effort to do sth.为了做某事 ④make every effort to do sth.尽一切努力做某事 ⑤with/without effort费力地/毫不费力地 　in     　no     　to do     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ① [2026湖北十堰市郧阳中学月考]This experience made me realize that body language is a powerful tool. From then on, I made a great effort _______________ (improve) my body language. ② [2026江苏无锡阶段检测]In an effort _________(end) unhealthy food habits and raise an awareness of proper nutrition, Roberta Falah, an Ohio entrepreneur, launched her snack bar company called Cure in June 2016. ③我们应该不遗余力地弘扬中华优秀传统文化。 We should ________ _______ ________ _______ carry forward excellent traditional Chinese culture. 　to     　effort     　no     　spare     　to end     　to improve     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　His leg suffered serious injuries in the accident.他的腿在事故中受了重伤。 　　Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treat- ment.后来,他在非洲工作,在那里很多人因缺乏适当的治疗而失明。   ①suffer pains/defeats/injuries遭受痛苦/失败/伤害 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②suffer _________...患……病;因……受苦   　from     suffer 遭受;蒙受 后常接pain、loss、injury、de- feat、damage、punishment、 hardship等 suffer from 患……病; 因……受苦 后常接表示疾病的名词或表示 造成苦难、痛苦的事物的名词, 如disease、ill health、a shortage of...、a lack of...等 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①suffering n.痛苦;疼痛;苦难 ②sufferer n.受苦者;受难者 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①At first, I suffered _________ altitude sickness, but after resting for a day, I felt much better. ②[2026河南南阳期中] It is worth noting that as global warming worsens, this will be just the beginning of the ___________(suffer) of emperor penguins(帝企鹅). ③[2026广东广州期中]他在那次严重的事故中受了几处伤,但恢复得很好。 He ___________ ______ _____ ____________ in the serious accident but is recovering well. 　injuries     　few     　a     　suffered     　suffering     　from     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     Knowing our food is in short supply, they supplied us with various fruits and vegetables(= supplied various fruits and vegetables to us).知道我们食物短缺,他们给我们提供了各种各样的水 果和蔬菜。    ①_______ short supply 供应短缺 　in     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念  ②supply sb. _________ sth.=supply sth. _______ sb.给某人提供某物   　　表示“补给品”常用复数形式supplies。   　to     　with     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 表示“补给品”常用复数形式supplies。 supply 尤指大量或定期提供所缺之物(搭配见用法归纳) provide 提供、供应,搭配:provide sb. with sth.;provide sth. for sb. offer 强调主动、自愿提供,搭配:offer sb. sth.;offer sth. to sb. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①[2026山西太原联考]Labubu dolls are ____ short supply. Even at the stores of their maker, Pop Mart, in Shanghai, customers are told that they need to wait a week or longer. ②中国的许多父母总是竭尽全力为他们的孩子提供最好的教育。(一句多译) →Many parents in China are always making every effort to ______________________________________ _____________________________________. (supply) →Many parents in China are always making every effort to_____________________________________. (offer) →Many parents in China are always making every effort to_______________________________________ _________________________________________. (provide) provide the best education for their children     　provide their children with the best education/ 　offer their children the best education     supply the best education to their children     　supply their children with the best education/ 　in     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　She survived her husband by ten years.她比她丈夫多活了十年。 　　In Germany, beer is the drink everyone is enjoying but you can't survive on just beer.在德国,啤酒 是每个人都喜欢的饮料,但是你不能只靠啤酒生存。 (China Daily)   ①survive sth.在某事中幸存;渡过难关 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②survive _______... 依靠……生存 ③A survive B _______+一段时间 A比B多活一段时间   ①survivor n.幸存者 ②survival n.[U]幸存,存活;[C]残存物 　by     　on     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ① [2026江西省丰城九中期中] Some of them faced great __________(survive) challenges in the past but now measures are being taken to protect them by the local people. ② [2026福建三明一中期中] China was one of the first to respond, sending rescue teams with medical sup- plies, shelter materials, and special equipment to find ______________(survive). ③[2026湖南永州一中月考]There's a lot that we can learn from how they've come to survive _______ the sugary diet. 　on     　survivors     　survival     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　With the aid of a walking stick, the old man walked painfully along the street.在拐棍的帮助下,老 人沿着街道费力地走着。   　　They collected much money in aid of the poor girl.他们筹集了很多钱来帮助那个可怜的女孩。 　　He tried his best to aid a doctor in/with rescuing an injured man.他尽最大努力帮助一位医 生抢救一个受伤的男子。    ①_______ aid of...为了帮助…… 　in     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②_________ the aid of...在……的帮助下 ③come/go to one's aid帮助某人  ④aid sb. ____________ (doing) sth.帮助某人做某事 　in/with     　with     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①It just aids us ____________ deciding when it is not worth giving up sacrificing ourselves. ②They collected money in aid _______ the people who had lost their homes in the typhoon. ③每当我向他求助时,他就会毫不犹豫地来帮助我,这让我很感动。 Whenever I ask him for help, he __________ ___________ _____ ________ ______ ______ _______, which moves me a lot. 　aid     　my     　to     　come     　to     　hesitate     　doesn't     　of     　in/with     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     Visitors at home and abroad are struck by the beauty of the Yellow Crane Tower.国内外的游客都被黄 鹤楼的美打动了。  　　It struck John that they could help Bernard advertise his popcorn. John突然想起,他们可以帮助 Bernard为他的爆米花做广告。 　　Workers in London went on strike last week.伦敦的工人上周举行了罢工。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念    ①sth. strikes sb.某人突然想到某事 ②be struck _______...被……打动 ③_______ strikes sb. that...某人突然想到…… ④strike one/two/three(时钟)敲响一点/两点/三点  ⑤go_______ strike举行罢工(动作) ⑥be on strike在罢工(状态)   striking adj.引人注目的;显著的   strike词义辨析 　on     　It     　by     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①The workers in the factory are _______ strike because they request better pay and working conditions. ②[2026湖南长沙市一中月考]In the digital era, where social media is flooded with ceaseless sharing, 26- year-old illustrator Lina from Hangzhou stands as a _____________(strike) example. ③[2026黑龙江哈尔滨期中]At that moment, it ___________(strike) her that the local snacks here tasted exactly like those her grandma used to make. ④看着羚羊在绿草地上慢慢移动,我被它们的美丽打动。 Watching antelopes move slowly across the green grass, ______ _________ _______ ________ _________. 　beauty     　their     　by     　struck     　I'm     　struck     　striking     　on     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. 志愿服务对儿童和青少年有着终 身的影响。 [2025全国二] 　　The new benefit system is to come into effect/take effect next month.新的福利制度将于下个月 生效。 　　Hopefully, my recommendations will soon be brought/put into effect to solve these problems.希望 我的建议不久会付诸实施来解决这些问题。     ①have a(n)...effect _______...对……产生……的影响 　on     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②come _________ effect生效;开始实施 ③take effect生效;开始实施;开始起作用,见效 ④bring/put..._________ effect实施,使生效 ⑤in effect实际上(=in fact);在实施中 ⑥side effect副作用   ①effective adj.有效的 ②effectiveness n.有效,奏效 ③effectively adv.有效地 　into     　into     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①[2024新课标Ⅰ]And are listening to and viewing content as _________ (effect) as reading the written word when covering the same material? ②[2026广东茂名期中] Not having enough sleep can have some surprising effects _______ students, including improper behavior, anxiety and poor grades. ③为了优化人口结构,三孩政策已经生效了。 To improve the population structure, the three-child policy has_________ ______ _________/__________ _________. effect          　taken     　effect     　into     　come     　on     　effective     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 词汇 释义 用法& 拓展 flood n.洪水;大量 vi.淹没;大量涌入 vt.使灌满水;淹没;  拥满;充满 a flood of大批的,大量的 flood in/into/out of...大量涌入……/从……蜂拥而出 be flooded with...充满/挤满…… flooding n.洪水泛滥 rescue n.& vt.营救;救援 come to one's rescue挽救/营救某人 rescue...from...把……从……营救出来 高频词汇积累 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 damage vt.损害;破坏 n.损坏;损失 cause/do damage to...对……造成 损坏/破坏 destroy vt.摧毁;毁灭 destruction n.破坏,摧毁 destructive adj.破坏性的,毁灭性 的 death n.死;死亡 die v.(died, died, dying)死;消失 dead adj.死的 deadly adj.致命的 adv.极其 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;  深深打动 be affected by...被……打动;受… …影响  influence v.影响;对……起作 用 n.影响;作用 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 percent (=per cent) n.百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中 “数字+percent of+不可数名词/单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数:80 percent of the water is polluted. “数字+percent of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数:80 percent of the students don't have cellphones. bury vt.埋葬;安葬;掩盖;隐藏 bury...in...把……埋在……里 bury oneself in...专心致志于…… bury one's face/head in one's hands双手掩面/抱头 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等) 喷出 vi.突然发生;爆发 erupt into...突然发生,爆发 eruption n.爆发,喷发;突然发生 eruptive adj.火山喷发的;(与)火 山活动(有关)的 power n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力;统 治;政权 come to power上台 be in power当权,执政 powerful adj.强壮的;强有力的;有 影响力的 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 calm adj.镇静的;沉着的 vt.使平静;使镇静 keep/stay calm保持镇静 calm (sb.) down(使某人)镇静下 来 calmly adv.镇静地　calmness n. 镇静 wave n.海浪,波浪 vi.& vt.挥手,招手 wave at/to sb.向某人招手/挥手 wave sb. goodbye=wave goodbye to sb.向某人挥手告别 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 deliver vt.& vi.递送;传达 vt.发表(演说等);  生孩子;接生   送信　　　　发表演讲　 　接生 delivery n.递送;分娩 summary n.总结;概括;概要 in summary总之;总的来说 summarize v.总结;概括 　to summarize总的来说 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 length n.长;长度;时间长度 in length在长度上 at length长时间;详尽地 lengthen v.(使)变长 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　Mary ran too slowly to catch the thief.玛丽跑得太慢了,没有抓住那个小偷。   　　too+adj./adv.+to do sth.意为“太……而不能做某事”,表示_______意义。   　　①若在该句式中使用形容词ready(乐意的)、glad、pleased、willing、eager等,则不表示否定意义, 　否定     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 而表示肯定意义,此时too前常有all、only、but等词。 　    •I am but too glad to meet you again.我很高兴再次见到你。 　　②当句子主语与不定式为被动关系时,且句中又有不定式的逻辑主语,不定式常用主动形式表示被 动意义。   　　too+adj./adv.+to do...=not+反义的 adj./adv.+enough to do...=so+adj./adv.+that...not do... 　    •The boy is too young to go to school. 　　=The boy is not old enough to go to school. 　　=The boy is so young that he cannot go to school. 　　这个男孩太小了,不能去上学。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①[2026湖北荆州月考]Her story tells us it's never too late ____________(discover) new passions and en- rich one's life through the power of music. ②Although I was so young that I couldn't understand the meaning of the film, I remember my family were moved to tears.(句型转换) →Although I was ________ _______ ______ ____________ the meaning of the film, I remember my fam- ily were moved to tears. ③他非常乐意帮助别人,当别人向他求助时,他很少说不。 He is ______ ________ ______ ________ _________, seldom saying no when others turn to him for help. 　others     　help     　to     　ready     　too     　understand     　to     　young     　too     　to discover     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　It seems as if he has recited a speech written by someone else.他好像是背了一篇由别人写 的演讲稿。 　　It seems as if they had never seen each other before.仿佛他们以前从未见过面。(与过去事 实相反) 　　The old couple love the boy. It seems as if he were their own son.这对老夫妇爱这个男孩就 好像他是他们自己的儿子一样。(与现在事实相反) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   　　①It seems/seemed as if...句型是“主系表”结构。其中It无实义,seems/seemed为系动词,as if 引导 _______从句。 　　②在该句型中,若从句表示很可能实现的事情,要用陈述语气;若从句表示与事实相反的假设或实 现的可能性很小的事情,要用___________。   　　as if从句的虚拟语气有以下三种情况: 　虚拟语气     　表语     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 从句内容 从句谓语的形式 与现在事实相反(seems/seemed表示的时间) 一般过去时(be动词常用were) 与过去事实相反(seems/seemed之前的时间) 过去完成时(had done) 与将来事实相反(seems/seemed之后的时间) could/might/would do 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①[2026安徽皖南八校期中联考]One man, wearing a shirt, was lifting the car with a jack(千斤顶), while another big man was comforting the old lady by the road, holding her hand as if he_________(be) her grand- son. ②[2026江苏江阴一中月考]By the end of my first semester, I was really lonely. It seemed as if everyone but me _____________ (make) friends and was having fun. ③Then, just as it seemed as if I _______________(sink)(下沉) into the sea, I heard a loud voice. ④He talks as if he _________(know)everything, but in fact, he is in the dark about the whole thing. 　knew     　would sink     　had made     　were     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　We were having dinner when we heard a loud noise.我们正在吃晚饭,这时我们听到了巨大 的响声。   　　was/were doing sth. when...中的when相当于and at this/that time,意为“这时;那时”,when前面的内 容用过去进行时,when后面的内容用____________。 　一般过去时     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   　　①was/were on the point of doing...when...=was/were about to do...when...正要做……,这时…… 　　②had just done...when...刚做完……,就…… 　    •It was a normal Wednesday. I had just got home from work when I felt there was some- thing wrong with my grandmother.那是一个普通的周三。我刚下班回到家就觉得奶奶有些不对劲。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①[2026江西赣州月考]He said he had just opened his window when he ________(see) the pigeon(鸽子) around the corner of the sill. ②我正在担心如何说服她接受我的建议,这时我突然想到了一个好主意。(strike) I was worrying about how to talk her into accepting my advice _______ ______ ________ ________ _______ _______. ③[2026广东深圳实验学校段考]Bob was about to turn around when a familiar voice called out his name, “Bob! Wait up!” → Bob was ______ _______ _______ _______ _________ __________ _________ a familiar voice called out his name, “Bob! Wait up!” 　when     　around     　turning     　of     　point     　the     　on     　me     struck          　idea     　good     　a     　when     　saw     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 译文:在这个城市正下方的11千米处,20世纪最致命的一场地震开始了,这场地震甚至对150多千米以外 的北京造成了破坏。 定语 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 译文:唐山市向中国和世界上的其他国家证明,在灾难时期,人们必须团结起来,展示出保持乐观和为了 更光明的未来重建家园的智慧。 宾语 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 译文:昨天,40年来最强烈的地震引发了一场冲击亚洲各地海岸线的海啸,导致印度尼西亚、印度、泰 国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家的6,500多人死亡。 结果 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 译文:渔民、游客、旅馆、房屋和汽车被高达9.0级的强烈地震所引发的巨浪卷走了。 后置定语 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 限制性定语从句(Ⅰ)   1.定语从句的概念   　　Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who were awarded for their extraordinary contributions to China's “two bombs, one satellite” project.邓稼先是因对中国“两弹一星”工程做出卓越贡献而获 奖的 23 位科学家之一。 [2025天津] 　　It's a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students.Crystal教授会问她的学生这个问 题。 [2022北京] 　　She's an artist whose work I really admire.她是一位艺术家,她的作品令我赞赏不已。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　There was a time when I had some difficulties in my life.有一段时间我的生活中遇到了一些困 难。   定语从句是在句中修饰、限制或补充说明一个名词(或代词)的从句。被定语从句修饰的名词(或代词) 叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词(that、which、who、whom、whose)和 关系副词(when、where、why)。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　Li Fei is the girl (that/who/whom) I usually go to school with.李菲就是通常和我一起去上学的 那个女孩。(指人,作宾语) 　　Li Fei is the girl with whom I usually go to school.李菲就是通常和我一起去上学的那个女孩。 (指人,作宾语) 　　The number of the people who/that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参 观这座城市的人的数量达到一百万。(指人,作主语) 　　This may be the suitcase that/which contains important materials.这也许是那个装有重要材料的 手提箱。(指物,作主语) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　The farm (that/which) we visited last week is very big.我们上周参观的那个农场很大。(指物,作 宾语) 　　I met a girl there whose long hair came down to her waist.我在那儿遇见一个长发及腰的女孩。 (指人,作定语) 　　We'll rebuild the house whose roof was damaged in the earthquake.我们将重建那座屋顶在地震 中受损的房子。(指物,作定语)   　　定语从句的关系代词有三大作用: (1)引导作用:引导定语从句。 (2)替代作用:在定语从句中替代①________。注意关系代词whose在替代先行词的同时还带个 “的”,它相当于名词所有格,所以它在定语从句中作定语。 　先行词     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 (3)成分作用:因为关系代词替代先行词,所以它在定语从句中充当成分,具体见下表: 关系代词 先行词 在定语从句中作的成分 that 人、物 ②　     、③　     、表 语 which 物 ④　     、宾语 who 人 主语、⑤　      whom 人 宾语 whose 人、物 ⑥　      主语 宾语 主语 宾语 定语 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   　　关系代词作宾语时通常可以省略,但关系代词前面是介词时,关系代词不可以省略,且只能使用 which(指物)或whom(指人)。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　All that glitters is not gold.发光的未必都是金子。 　　There is little that I can do.几乎没有什么我能做的。 　　This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我看过的最有趣的故事。 　　The first thing (that) we should do is work out a plan.我们应该做的第一件事是制订一个计 划。 　　Which is the bike that you lost?哪一辆是你丢的自行车? 　　I'll never forget the people and the events that impressed me.我永远不会忘记那些给我留下深刻 印象的人和事。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   (1)先行词为 everything、something、nothing、anything、all、none、little、few、much等不定代词时 或被few、little、much、the only、the very、all、every等修饰时,常用关系代词that来引导定语从句。 (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,用关系代词that不用which。 (3)先行词既有人又有物时,关系词用that。 (4)主句是特殊疑问句且疑问词是which时,定语从句的关系代词用that。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念     　　The boy who was reading a novel in his own room didn't know the accident.那个在自己的房 间里看小说的男孩不知道这起事故。 　　She is one of the students who sing well.她是唱歌唱得好的学生之一。 　　Tommy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.汤米是那些学生中唯一考试没 及格的人。   (1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与前面的先行词保持一致。 (2)当“one of the+复数名词”后跟定语从句时,先行词是复数名词,谓语动词用⑦______数。 　复     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 (3)当“the only one of the+复数名词”后跟定语从句时,先行词是the only one,而不是复数名词,所以谓 语动词用⑧______数。 　单     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   ①I'll never forget the days _______________ I spent in the countryside. ②[2025全国一]I take joy in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is appreciating something _______ couldn't come with us. ③The first problem _________ we need to solve is the shortage of money. ④[2026河北石家庄二中月考]She reports that in 1985 an average American had three close friends with ________ they could share important things about their lives. ⑤[2024浙江1月]Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way ___________ will make them the most money. ⑥Sometimes we should ignore the persons and things _________ upset us. 　that     　that/which     whom     　that     　that     　that/which     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ⑦[2025全国一]The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with charac- ters _______________ broadened my view and touched my heart. ⑧He is the only one of the students who _____________(be) chosen to take part in the competition so far. ⑨I learnt a new language _______________ allows me to “speak” with my friend _____________ has a hearing problem. ⑩[2023全国乙]Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs _____________ appear frequently on our television screens and __________ recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. 　whose     　who/that     　that/who     　which/that     　has been     　that/which     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 $