Unit 4 Part 1 Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking（PPT同步课件）-【学而思】2026-2027学年高一英语必修第一册（人教版）

该高中英语课件围绕“自然灾害”主题，系统整合词汇（如suffer from、shelter from）、语法（介词搭配、非谓语动词等）及语篇理解（记叙文、说明文），通过高考真题与模拟题导入，衔接长难句分析、知识拓展，搭建从基础到综合应用的学习支架。 其亮点在于以真实语境（如飓风、极地涡旋语篇）和高考题型为载体，通过语法填空（如bury oneself in）、词义猜测（如arduous）等培养语言能力与思维品质，易错归因（如wise变wisdom）助力学习能力提升。学生可巩固知识、提升语用能力，教师能高效开展系统教学。

UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Part 1　Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking 基础过关练 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.I was frightened to __________(die)when I caught sight of a snake in the distance. 　death     解析　考查名词。be frightened to death意为“吓得要死”。故填名词death。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 2.[2024新课标Ⅰ]He became interested in alternative treatments(替代疗法) 20 years ago when he suffered _________ terrible back pain. 　from     解析　考查介词。suffer from表示“遭受”。故填from。句意:20年前,当他遭受严重背痛时,他对替代 疗法产生了兴趣。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 3.[2026广东中山模拟]In one corner, there was a breathing chamber(室), where they were sheltered _____ ____ the rain and the wind.      　from 解析　考查介词。shelter...from...意为“保护……免受……”。这里为被动语态be sheltered from,故填 from。句意:在一个角落里有一间呼吸室,他们在那里躲避风雨。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 4.[2026江苏南通月考]In the Ludishao Tea Expo Garden, AJ buried himself _______ the tea aroma (芳香) and tried hand-picking his own tea. 　in     解析　考查介词。bury oneself in为固定搭配,意为“沉浸于……;专心致志于……”。故填in。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 5.[易错题][2023全国甲]For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言) to teach a lesson or to pass on ___________(wise). 　wisdom     解析　考查名词。根据空前的pass on 可知设空处应该填名词,wise的名词形式为wisdom,意为“智 慧”,为不可数名词。句意:几千年来,人们通过讲寓言来给人教训或传递智慧。 易错归因　　本题易误填wisedom,原因在于对wise的名词变形不熟悉,wise的名词形式需要特殊记忆, 不能直接加-dom,而要去e加-dom。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 6.[2026重庆市第八中学校月考]The weight of others' eyes felt like a physical force, pressing down on my shoulders until I could barely ____________ (breath). 　breathe     解析　考查动词。设空处与前面的情态动词could共同构成从句谓语,故填动词breathe。句意:他人目 光带来的压力仿佛一种有形的力压在我的肩上,让我几乎喘不过气来。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 7.[2026山东济南外国语学校期中]A large number of soldiers were sent there to rescue those __________ (trap) in the building. 　trapped     解析　考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语,所以设空处应用非谓语动词。提示词trap与 前面的代词those为被动关系,所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填trapped,注意双写p。句意:大量士兵 被派去那里营救那些被困在大楼里的人。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 8.The light is too weak _____________(cause) any damage _______ people's eyes. 　to     　to cause     解析　考查too...to...结构及damage的固定搭配。句意:这种光太弱了,对人的眼睛不会造成任何伤害。 too...to do...意为“太……而不能做……”;cause damage to...意为“对……造成伤害”。故第一空填不 定式to cause,第二空填介词to。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 9.[高考情境题][2026上海师大附中期中]As the number of passwords(密码) Internet users create ____ ___________ (increase), people find themselves struggling to follow the advice of security experts. creases     　in- 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,设空处位于As引导的时间状语从句中,且在从句中作 谓语,主语为the number of passwords,“the number of+复数名词”意为“……的数量”,作主语时谓语 动词用单数形式,且根据主句中的find可知这里应用一般现在时,故填increases。句意:随着互联网用户 创建的密码数量不断增加,人们发现自己很难遵循安全专家的建议。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 知识拓展　　“the number of+复数名词”意为“……的数量”,为单数意义,作主语时谓语动词用单 数。 　　“a number of+复数名词”意为“许多……”,为复数意义,作主语时谓语动词用复数。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 10.[2023新高考Ⅱ]They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers _____ ________ often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. that     　who/ 解析　考查定语从句。空前内容成分完整,空后内容缺主语,根据语境可知所缺主语即空前的Chinese zookeepers,所以设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语,先行词为Chinese zookeepers,指人。故填who/ that。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Ⅱ.选词填空(其中有一项多余) in shock;make an effort to;come to an end;nothing but;dig out;in ruins;as if;a flood of;come to one's rescue A terrible earthquake hit this area. Millions of buildings lay 1.__________. People there were 2._________ ____ because it seemed 3._______ life would 4._______________.Thankfully, the soldiers 5.____________ ________. Many survivors were 6.__________ and 7.____________ supplies were delivered to the disaster area. People there saw hope and 8.______________________ rebuild their home. 　made an effort to     　a flood of     　dug out     rescue     　came to their 　come to an end     　as if          　in shock 　in ruins     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Ⅲ.完成句子 1.在夏天我喜欢早早起床。早晨的空气呼吸起来很好。 (sth.+be+adj.+to do) I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air _______ ____ _______ _______ ____________. 　breathe     　to     　good     　so     　is     2.[2023全国乙写作]为了拥有健康的饮食,我开始学习如何包饺子。(effort) _______ ____ _________ _______ ______ ______ _________ _________, I set out to learn how to make dumplings. 　diet     　healthy     　a     　have     　to     　effort     　an     　In     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 3.她的头发越发灰白了,就像盖上了霜和雪。(as if) Her hair grew greyer and greyer, and it seemed _______ ____ _____ ________ __________ _________ frost and snow.(读后续写—外貌描写) 　with     　covered     　were     　it     　if     　as     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 4.The two countries are at war and the shelters are not big enough to accommodate all the children.(句型转 换) →The two countries are at war and the shelters are ______ ________ _______ _______________ all the children.(too...to...) →The two countries are at war and the shelters are _______ ______ _________ _______ _________ ____ _____________ all the children.(so...that...) commodate     　ac- 　can't     　they     　that     　small     　so     　accommodate     　to     　small     　too     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 能力提升练 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Ⅰ.课文语法填空 　　Strange things happened before the Tangshan earthquake. For several days on end, the water in the vil- lage wells 　1　(rise) and fell. The well walls had deep cracks. Chickens and pigs were too nervous 　2　 (eat). At 3:42 on the morning of 28 July, 1976, everything began to shake. 　3　 seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Nearly one third of China felt the power of the quake. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. Within one minute, 　4　 whole city lay in ruins—almost everything was destroyed. Two thirds of people there died or got 　5　(injure). People were 　6　(shock) at this and what was worse, then another big quake hit Tangshan again. People got into deep trouble, 　7　(wonder) how long the disaster would last. The army organized teams to dig out those 　8　 were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for 　9　(survivor). Fresh water was taken to the city. Gradually, the city began to breathe a- gain. With effective support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tang- 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 shan was 　10　(final) built on the earthquake ruins. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 1._______    2.________    3._______    4.______    5.____________ 　injured     　the     　It     　to eat     　rose     6.__________    7.______________    8.___________    9.___________    10.____________ 　finally     　survivors     　who/that     　wondering     　shocked     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 解析     1.考查动词的时态。根据上一句中的before the Tangshan earthquake可知,此处讲的是唐山大地震前的 情况,为过去发生的事情,需用一般过去时,故填rose。 2.考查不定式。句意:鸡和猪都紧张得吃不下东西。too...to do...意为“太……而不能做……”,故此处 需填不定式作结果状语。故填to eat。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 3.考查代词。It seems/seemed as if...表示“似乎/好像……”。故填It。句意:好像世界末日就要到了! 4.考查冠词。句意:不到一分钟,整个城市就成了一片废墟……。此处特指唐山这个城市,需要在whole 前加定冠词the。 5.考查过去分词。get injured意为“受伤”。故填injured。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 6.考查形容词。主语为People,设空处作表语,故用形容词shocked。be shocked at...意为“对……感到震 惊”。 7.考查动词-ing形式。句意:人们深陷困境,想知道这场灾难要持续多久。设空处前面已有谓语got into, 且逗号后无连词,故设空处应为非谓语动词。wonder与其逻辑主语People之间为主动关系,故用动词- ing形式作伴随状语。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 8.考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为代词those,“　　　　8　　　　 were trapped”中缺主语(设 空处后面为谓语),且将前面的those作为主语代入后面意思合理,故推测设空处引导定语从句且在从句 中充当主语,指代先行词those,指人,故填who或that。 9.考查名词复数。survivor意为“幸存者”,为可数名词,空前没有限定词,所以用复数形式。故填sur- vivors。 10.考查副词。设空处位于谓语中间,提示词是形容词,所以用副词作状语,故填finally。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Ⅱ.语法填空   [2026辽宁部分重点高中联考] Typhoons are powerful storm systems that form over warm ocean water. They bring strong winds and heavy rain 　1　 can lead to flooding and landslides. Understanding how typhoons develop and move is necessary for people living in coastal areas to get ready for their 　2　 (arrive). 　　Weather experts use satellites and radar to track these storms from space. By 　3　 (examine) the data collected, they can predict (预测) the path and strength of a typhoon. This advance warning allows govern- ments 　4　 (make) preparations and, if necessary, organize the evacuation of people in dangerous areas. This technology 　5　 (improve) greatly over the years, making predictions more reliable than ever before. 　　One of the key factors in a typhoon's formation is the temperature of the ocean water. The warmer the 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 water, 　6　 more energy the storm takes in. This is why typhoons are most common in late summer and early autumn when the sea surface is at its 　7　(hot). Communication systems are 　8　(extreme) impor- tant for spreading warnings quickly. Today, messages are sent through TV, the radio, and mobile phones, making sure everyone receives the information in time. It is also suggested that families prepare emergency kits with food, water, and medicines. 　　In short, 　9　 typhoons are among the most destructive natural events, scientific progress greatly im- proves our ability to predict them. With continuing research, we are sure to be better prepared 　10　 such natural events. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 1._____________    2.__________    3.____________    4.__________    5.__________________________ __________ proved     　has improved/has been im- 　to make     　examining     　arrival     　which/that     6.______    7.__________    8.____________    9._______________________    10.________ 　for     　while/though/although     　extremely     　hottest     　the     第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 语篇解读    本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了台风的形成、影响,以及人们如何利用科技预测和应对台 风。 【高频词汇】    1.advance adj.提前的    2.warning n.警告,警示    3.preparation n.准备工作    4.reliable adj.可靠的    5.make sure确保    6.in short总之,简言之 【差距词汇】    1.radar n.雷达    2.track v.跟踪,追踪 3.formation n.形成 1.考查定语从句。句意:它们带来强风和暴雨,这可能会引发洪水泛滥和山崩。设空处引导定语从句, 且在从句中作主语,先行词为strong winds and heavy rain,指物。故填which/that。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 2.考查名词。句意:了解台风的形成和移动方式对于生活在沿海地区的人们为台风的到来做好准备是 必要的。设空处在介词for后作宾语,意为“到来”,应用名词形式。故填arrival。 3.考查动词-ing形式。句意:通过检查收集到的数据,他们可以预测台风的路径和强度。设空处在介词 By后,作宾语,应用动词-ing形式。故填examining。 4.考查不定式。句意:这种提前预警让政府能够做好准备,必要时还能组织危险地区的人员撤离。 al- low sb./sth. to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“允许某人/某物做某事”,所以设空处用动词不定式作宾补。故 填to make。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 5.考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:这些年来,这项技术已经有了很大的改进,使得预测比以往任 何时候都更可靠。设空处为谓语,根据时间状语over the years可知,应用现在完成时;improve表示“改 善,改进”时,既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,所以设空处可用主动语态,也可用被动语态,主语 为单数,故填has improved或has been improved。 6.考查冠词。句意:水的温度越高,风暴吸收的能量就越多。本句是固定句型“the+比较级...,the+比较 级...”,表示“越……,越……”,所以设空处用定冠词the。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 7.考查形容词最高级。句意:这就是为什么台风在夏末秋初最常见,此时海面温度达到它的最高值。 “at sb.'s/sth.'s+形容词最高级”表示“某人/某物处于最……的状态”,这里表示“处于最高温度”,故 填hottest。 8.考查副词。句意:通信系统对于快速传播预警极为重要。设空处修饰形容词important,意为“极其”, 应用副词作状语。故填extremely。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 9.考查连词。句意:简而言之,虽然台风是最具破坏性的自然事件之一,但科学进步极大地提高了我们预 测它们的能力。根据前后文的逻辑关系可知,设空处表示让步,用连词while/though/although引导从句。 故填while/though/although。 10.考查介词。句意:随着研究的不断深入,我们一定能为这类自然事件做好更充分的准备。be prepared for是固定搭配,意为“为……做好准备”。故填for。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Ⅲ.阅读理解 A   [2026河南青铜铭大联考] 　　Once upon a time in the small coastal town of Havenbrook, life was peaceful and happy. The town's residents(居民) enjoyed the beauty of the ocean and the quiet of their homes. However, one fateful day, their peaceful life was turned upside down by a destructive natural disaster. 　　The morning started like any other. The sun rose, casting its golden rays over the town. People woke up, prepared for their daily routine, and went about their business. Little did they know that a storm was brewing far out on the ocean. As the day progressed, the sky began to darken, and the wind started to pick up. By afternoon, Havenbrook was in the control of a powerful hurricane. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　The hurricane's fierce winds tore through the town, cutting roofs into pieces and overturning trees. The ocean, whipped into a frenzy by the storm, washed in huge waves into the town, flooding streets and homes. Residents, caught unprepared, hurried to find shelter. Many were trapped in their homes, waiting in terror as the water rose higher and higher. It seemed as if the world were at an end. 　　The town's emergency services worked tirelessly to rescue those in danger. They used boats to navigate through the flooded streets and mothered people to safety. However, the storm was so powerful that even their efforts were limited. Many homes were completely destroyed, and lives were lost. The once-thriving town was now a scene of ruins and despair(绝望). 　　After the hurricane, Havenbrook's residents began the _______ task of rebuilding their life. They worked together, pooling their resources and skills, to rebuild their homes and community. Support from outside the town poured in, with volunteers and donations helping to speed up the recovery(恢复) process. arduous 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Slowly but surely, Havenbrook began to rise from the ruins. 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 语篇解读    本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述沿海小镇 Havenbrook 遭受飓风袭击前后的变化,展现 了灾难的破坏力以及人们在面对灾难时的坚韧和团结。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 1.What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A.The residents sensed the coming storm. B.The residents were unprepared for daily life. C.The residents often experienced natural disasters. D.The residents led a peaceful life before the disaster. 1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“life was peaceful and happy”和“The town's residents en- joyed...the quiet of their homes.”可知,灾害发生前,居民过着平静的生活。故选D。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 2.What's the main idea of Paragraph 3? A.The residents started rescue work. B.The residents left their homes hopefully. C.The hurricane arrived without any warning. D.The hurricane caused severe damage and fear. 2.D　主旨大意题。根据第三段的描述“飓风的狂风席卷了整个小镇,将屋顶撕成碎片,把树木连根 拔起。大海在暴风雨的肆虐下变得狂躁不安,巨大的海浪涌入小镇,淹没了街道和房屋。毫无防备的居 民赶忙寻找栖身之地。许多人被困在家中,随着水位越来越高,他们惊恐地等待着”可知,该段主要讲 了飓风给小镇带来的严重破坏和恐惧。故选D。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 3.How did the town's emergency services respond to the disaster? A.They rescued the mothers by boat. B.They sent people to safety using boats. C.They waited for the storm to pass before taking any action. D.They were unable to reach the affected areas due to the storm. 3.B　细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句中的“worked tirelessly to rescue those in danger”“used boats”“mothered people to safety”可知,小镇的应急服务机构使用船只将人们护送到安全地带。故 选B。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 易错归因　　本题容易因对“mothered people to safety”的错误理解而误选A。文中mother用作动词, 表示“像母亲般照管”,从其后面的名词people可以看出这一点,同学们在做题时要留意文中熟词生义 和词类活用的用法。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 4.What does the underlined word “arduous” in the last paragraph probably mean? A.Difficult.　　B.Merry.　　C.Effortless.　　D.Annoying. 4.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“After the hurricane, Havenbrook's residents began the arduous task of rebuilding their life.”可知,画线词描述的是灾后人们重建家园的工作,根据后文对重 建工作的描述“They worked together, pooling their resources and skills...Support from outside the town poured in, with volunteers and donations helping to...”以及最后一句中的Slowly可知,重建工作 是一项艰巨且进展缓慢的任务。由此推知,画线词表示“艰难的”,与A项的difficult为同义词。故选A。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 【高频词汇】    1.once upon a time从前    2.upside down颠倒;倒转;翻转    3.cast v.投射    4.in the control of 在……的控制下    5.in terror惊恐地    6.speed up(使) 加速    7.respond to对……做出反应 【熟词生义】    1.quiet 熟义:adj.安静的;轻声的　生义:n.宁静;安静    2.progress 熟义:n.& v.进展;进步 　生义:v.(时间)流逝;推移    3.pick up 熟义:捡起;拿起　生义:(风)变强    4.wash 熟义:v.洗　生义:v.(向 着某一方向)流动;冲向    5.mother 熟义:n.母亲　生义:v.像母亲般照管    6.pool 熟义:n.池塘　生义:v.共 用,合伙使用 【差距词汇】    1.fateful adj.对未来有重大影响的;灾难的    2.brew v.酝酿,即将来临    3.whip v.驱使,促 使 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 4.frenzy n.狂暴,狂乱    5.navigate v.沿所需航线航行 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 B   [2025福建厦门期中] 　　As a shift of the polar vortex(极地涡旋) swept across much of the US, many people in the country were struck by a sudden cold snap(寒流). Heavy ice and snow coupled with fallen trees caused the _______ in major cities, with companies unable to tell their customers when power will be back on. 　　Polar vortices were noticed long ago. But the first known use of the term “polar vortex” was in a magazine in 1853. Polar vortices are present year-round, but we don't hear about them until they cause prob- lems. They maintain freezing temperatures at the North Pole and the South Pole by moving in tight counter- clockwise(逆时针方向的) patterns. Polar vortices grow stronger in winter and weaken in summer. They are outages 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 kept in place at the poles by another atmospheric current(大气流) called the jet stream. However, when the jet stream weakens, the cold winds of the polar vortex at the North Pole are pushed southwards and it is dur- ing this time that people begin to pay attention! 　　In Texas, roads froze over, causing six traffic deaths, and many schools were shut down. People are not the only living things to struggle with the cold. Crops and animals are also freezing. This could have major consequences, especially if herds of cattle die. If snow blocks cattle's way, the animals can't reach basic ne- cessities like food and fresh water. 　　On a brighter note, some Texas cities, for instance, Amarillo, were more prepared than others. Amarillo is located in North Texas, so people there are more accustomed to lower temperatures. Amarillo is outstand- ing because the city was redesigned to stand up to strong winter storms. Officials have made fire stations spread to increase coverage of first responders, employed modified dump trucks to clear ice, and upgraded 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 the civic center to provide protection during storms. Hopefully, the other Texas cities will follow the good example set by Amarillo! 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 语篇解读    本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极地涡旋的基本信息及其造成的不良后果,但是好在得克 萨斯州的一些城市已经有了较充分的准备。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 5.What does the underlined word “outages” refer to? A.Traffic jams.　　B.Snow removal.　　C.Power cuts.　　D.Traffic accidents. 5.C　词义猜测题。根据第一段画线词后的“各家公司也无法告知客户何时能够恢复供电”可知停 电了,再结合画线词前面的“厚重的冰雪加上倒下的树木”可推测,冰雪以及倒下的树木导致主要城市 停电,故画线词outages与“断电;停电”有关。故选C。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 6.What can we learn about polar vortices? A.They grow stronger in summer.　　B.They are affected by the jet stream. C.They were first observed in 1853.　　D.They move in a clockwise direction. 6.B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知,极地涡旋被另一种被称为急流的大气流固定在两 极。然而,当急流减弱时,北极的极地涡旋的冷风就会被向南推。所以极地涡旋受到急流的影响。故选 B。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 7.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A.The definition of the polar vortex. B.The characteristics of the polar vortex. C.The ways to deal with the polar vortex. D.The serious impact made by the polar vortex. 7.D　主旨大意题。第三段讲到,在得克萨斯州,道路冰封,导致了六起交通死亡事故,许多学校关闭; 农作物和动物也在受冻。由此可知,该段主要讲的是极地涡旋造成的严重影响。故选D。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 8.Why is Amarillo impressive? A.It is located in the north of Texas. B.It sets an example for other cities. C.It has been upgraded and modernized on a regular basis. D.It has taken effective measures to resist winter storms. 8.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“阿马里洛之所以优秀,是因为这座城市经过了重新设计, 以抵御强烈的冬季风暴”可推知,阿马里洛令人赞叹是因为它已采取有效措施来抵御冬季风暴。故选 D。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 易错归因　　本题易误选B项,原因是受最后一段中“the other Texas cities will follow the good example set by Amarillo”的影响,学生要重点关注这句话前面的Hopefully,该词表明后文内容只是有望实现,而 不是实际存在的,所以B项内容不是正确的表述。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 【高频词汇】    1.shift n.转移,改变    2.maintain vt.维持;保持    3.struggle with和……斗争    4.con- sequence n.结果;后果    5.outstanding adj.优秀的;杰出的 6.coverage n.覆盖范围    7.employ vt.使用;应用 【熟词生义】    1.couple熟义:n.夫妇;两人　生义:v.结合 2.tight熟义:adj.紧的　生义:adj.急转的    3.in place熟义:准备就绪,在正确位置　生义:未移动 【差距词汇】    1.be accustomed to习惯于    2.modify v.修改,调整 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 $