Unit1-2语法(现在进行时)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年鲁教版四五学制英语七年级上册

2026-08-25
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摘要:

该初中英语导学案聚焦现在进行时,通过Unit1“说话瞬间动作”与Unit2“现阶段持续状态”的衔接导入,搭建从核心定义、适用场景到标志词、句子结构的学习支架,帮助学生系统掌握语法要点。 资料以分层讲解突破重难点,涵盖动词-ing变形规则、易错点区分及专项练习,助力学生提升语言理解与表达能力,培养逻辑思维品质,通过多样化习题设计高效巩固知识,适配初中英语语法教学需求。

内容正文:

Unit1 Here and Now现在进行时I Unit2 Rain or Shine现在进行时II 第一部分 现在进行时详细精讲 一、核心定义与适用场景 现在进行时态用来表示此时此刻正在发生的动作或现阶段持续进行的状态(临时状态),侧重“正在进行、未结束”。 两大核心适用场景(对应课本单元考点,必考区分): 场景1:说话瞬间正在进行的动作(Unit1 Here and Now 核心考点) 释义:此时此刻、当下这一刻正在做的事,动作正在发生、没有结束。 例句:I am riding my bike now.(我此刻正在骑自行车。) 例句分析:时间标志词now,聚焦当下瞬间动作,用现在进行时,体现动作正在进行。 场景2:现阶段持续的临时状态/动作(Unit2 Rain or Shine 核心考点) 释义:不是此时此刻一秒的动作,而是近期一段时间持续存在的状态 例句:It is raining these days.(这几天一直在下雨。) 例句分析:不是此刻瞬间下雨,是近期持续的天气状态,属于现阶段临时状态,用现在进行时。 二、标志性提示词 试卷做题看到以下标志,直接判定用现在进行时,无需额外分析: 1. 时间状语标志:now(现在)、right now(此刻)、at the moment(此时此刻) 例句:They are playing beach volleyball at the moment.(此刻他们正在打沙滩排球。) 2. 情景提示标志:Look!(看!)、Listen!(听!)、Be quiet!(安静!) 例句:Listen! Someone is shouting for help.(听!有人正在呼救。) 例句分析:Listen! 提示当下正在发生声音类动作,必须用现在进行时。 3. 场景语境标志:实时天气描述、电话实时对话、现场场景描写 例句:The sun is shining brightly.(阳光正明媚地照耀着。) 三、完整句子结构 核心通用公式:主语+ be动词(am/is/are) +动词现在分词(doing) +其他 核心考点:be动词随主语人称、单复数变化,动词必须用ing形式,二者缺一不可。 1. 肯定句 第一人称单数:I + am + doing sth. 例句:I am working on a new programme.(我正在做一个新的项目。) 解析:主语I对应be动词am,work直接加ing,符合现在进行时结构。 第三人称单数(He/She/It/单数名词) + is + doing sth. 例句:It is storming outside.(外面正在下暴风雨。) 解析:主语it为单数,be动词用is,storm直接加ing,描述当下天气状态。 复数/第二人称(We/You/They/复数名词) + are + doing sth. 例句:We are waiting for the bus.(我们正在等公交车。) 解析:主语we为复数,be动词固定用are,wait加ing构成现在分词。 易错提醒:绝对不能遗漏be动词,不能直接用动词ing单独作谓语! ❌ He playing now. ✅ He is playing now. 2. 否定句 公式:主语 + am/is/are + not +动词-ing + 其他 变化规则:只需要在be动词后加not,动词ing形式保持不变,无需变形。 例句:They are not playing beach volleyball.(他们没有在打沙滩排球。) 解析:原句肯定句为They are playing...,否定直接在are后加not,结构不变。 缩写形式:aren’t / isn’t(填空、书写均可使用) 3. 一般疑问句 公式:Am/Is/Are +主语+动词-ing +其他? 变化规则:将be动词提前至句首,句末变问号,其余语序不变。 回答规则:怎么问怎么答,主语、be动词严格对应 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+be. 否定回答:No, 主语+be not. 例句:—Is it raining?(正在下雨吗?) —Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. 解析:主语it对应be动词is,提问提前is,回答严格匹配主语和be动词,不随意替换。 4. 特殊疑问句 公式:特殊疑问词(What/Where/Who等) + Am/Is/Are +主语+动词-ing? 核心逻辑:先加疑问词,再保留一般疑问句语序,动词ing不变。 例句:What are you doing at the moment?(你此刻正在做什么?) 解析:对动作提问用what,后接are you doing一般疑问语序,完全贴合现在进行时结构。 四、动词-ing变形规则 规则1:一般动词,直接加ing(最常用) 例:work→working(工作)、play→playing(玩耍)、shout→shouting(呼喊) 规则2:不发音字母e结尾,去e加ing(高频考点) 例:take→taking(乘坐)、skate→skating(滑冰)、shine→shining(照耀) 易错提醒:发音e结尾不去e,如see→seeing(ee发音,直接加ing) 规则3:重读闭音节“辅元辅”结尾,双写末尾辅音+ing(难点必考) 判定口诀:短元音+单个辅音结尾,且单词重读在末尾 例:run→running(奔跑)、sit→sitting(坐)、swim→swimming(游泳) 例句:The kids are running in the park.(孩子们正在公园奔跑。) 规则4:ie结尾动词,变ie为y再加ing(拓展考点) 例:lie→lying(躺、说谎) 例句:He is lying on the grass.(他正躺在草地上。) 五、重难点易错精讲 易错点1:状态/情感/感官动词,无现在进行时(绝对禁忌) 这类动词表示“静态状态、感受”,不会“正在进行”,只能用一般现在时。 禁用动词:like, love, hate, know, see, hear, have(拥有), want ❌ 错误:He is liking the sunny weather. ✅ 正确:He likes the sunny weather.(他喜欢晴朗的天气。) 解析:like是情感状态动词,无进行时态,永久用一般现在时。 易错点2:固定搭配必考ing形式(不涉及时态,强制变形) ① be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 例句:He is busy explaining the problem.(他正忙于解释问题。) 解析:固定搭配,无论何种时态,busy后必须接动词ing形式。 ② look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事 核心陷阱:此处to是介词,不是不定式符号,后接ing,不接动词原形! ❌ 错误:I look forward to have a trip. ✅ 正确:I look forward to having a trip.(我盼望一次旅行。) 易错点3:一般现在时 vs 现在进行时(终极区分) ✅ 一般现在时:习惯性、经常性、客观真理(永久状态) 例句:It often rains here.(这里经常下雨。)(习惯性天气) ✅ 现在进行时:此刻/现阶段临时动作、临时状态 例句:It is raining now.(现在正在下雨。)(当下临时动作) 易错点4:everyone/everybody 单数主语考点 everyone作主语,视为单数,现在进行时be动词用is 例句:Everyone is in high spirits now.(此刻所有人都情绪高涨。) 2. be busy doing sth.(忙于做某事)固定搭配,必考现在分词 3. look forward to doing sth.(盼望做某事)to是介词,后接ing形式 4. 区分:一般现在时(习惯性动作)vs 现在进行时(此刻/现阶段动作) 第二部分 专项配套练习 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Look! The sun __________ (shine) brightly in the sky. 2. Listen! Someone __________ (shout) for help outside. 3. Right now, I __________ (work) on my new school programme. 4. It __________ (rain) heavily, so we can’t go out to play. 5. My sister __________ (skate) on the ice at the moment. 6. They __________ (not play) beach volleyball now. 7. What __________ you __________ (do) at this time? 8. The children __________ (run) after the little dog happily. 9. He is busy __________ (explain) the problem to his classmates. 10. We __________ (wait) for the bus during rush hour now. 11. Look at the grey sky! It __________ (snow) . 12. Her voice sounds sweet. She __________ (sing) in the next room. 13. The driver __________ (drive) carefully in the foggy weather. 14. Some tourists __________ (sunbathe) on the beach right now. 15. I __________ (not rush) now. I have enough time. 16. __________ they __________ (take) photos of the sights? 17. The wind __________ (blow) strongly outside today. 18. People __________ (make) progress in the bad weather. 19. My parents __________ (shop) in the central market now. 20. The little boy __________ (kick) the shuttlecock in the yard. 21. We are looking forward to __________ (have) a trip. 22. Everyone __________ (be) in high spirits now. 23. The ground is wet. It __________ (rain) just now. 24. They __________ (stand) side by side and watching the sunset. 25. What __________ (happen) over there? So many people are gathering. 二、单项选择 1. Look! Some birds ______ in the bright sky. A. fly B. flies C. are flying D. flew 2. —What are you doing ______? —I’m reading a book. A. at moment B. at the moment C. in moment D. in the moment 3. It’s stormy outside. It ______ heavily. A. rain B. rains C. is raining D. raining 4. Listen! Someone ______ for help in the park. A. shout B. shouts C. is shouting D. are shouting 5. My brother ______ busy working on his programme right now. A. is B. are C. am D. be 6. They ______ beach volleyball now, they are walking on the beach. A. aren’t play B. don’t play C. aren’t playing D. didn’t play 7. —______ you skating on the ice? —Yes, I am. A. Do B. Does C. Are D. Is 8. We are looking forward to ______ a trip in the sunny day. A. take B. taking C. to take D. takes 9. The wind ______ strongly, so we can’t go hiking. A. blow B. blows C. is blowing D. blew 10. —What ______ your sister ______ now? —She is sunbathing. A. do; do B. does; do C. is; doing D. are; doing 11. Everyone in our class ______ high spirits at the moment. A. are in B. is in C. have D. has 12. Don’t disturb me! I ______ my homework. A. do B. doing C. am doing D. did 13. The sun ______ and everything looks beautiful. A. is shining B. shines C. shine D. shining 14. During rush hour, many people ______ for the subway. A. wait B. are waiting C. waited D. will wait 15. Although it is tiring, they ______ making progress now. A. still B. are still C. still are D. be still 三、句型改写 1. They are playing in the central park.(改为否定句) They ______ ______ in the central park. 2. She is skating on the ice.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) —______ she ______ on the ice? —Yes, ______ ______. 3. We are waiting for the bus at the moment.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ you ______ at the moment? 4. It is raining heavily outside.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ the weather ______ outside? 5. He is working on a new programme now.(改为否定句) He ______ ______ on a new programme now. 6. The children are running after dogs.(对主语划线提问) ______ ______ running after dogs? 7. I am looking forward to the trip.(改为一般疑问句) ______ ______ looking forward to the trip? 8. They are in high spirits right now.(同义句转换) They ______ ______ happily right now. 9. Tom is taking photos of the sights.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ Tom ______? 10. People around the world are enjoying sunshine.(改为一般疑问句) ______ people around the world ______ sunshine? 四、汉译英句子翻译 1. 此刻,世界各地的人们正在做不同的事情。(at the moment; around the world) ______________________________________________________ 2. 现在阳光明媚,我们正在沙滩上打沙滩排球。(right now; beach volleyball) ______________________________________________________ 3. 尽管天气多云,他们依旧在取得进步。(although; make progress) ______________________________________________________ 4. 高峰期,许多乘客正在等候地铁。(rush hour; wait for) ______________________________________________________ 5. 看!孩子们正并肩在公园里奔跑。(side by side) ______________________________________________________ 6. 我正忙于制作新的绘画作品。(be busy doing) ______________________________________________________ 7. 此刻她正盼望着中秋节的到来。(look forward to; Mid-Autumn Festival) ______________________________________________________ 8. 暴风雨天气里,他依旧在坚持前行。(stormy) ______________________________________________________ 9. 听!有人正在大声呼喊求助。(shout for help) ______________________________________________________ 10. 现在我没有匆忙赶路,我正在慢慢欣赏风景。(in a hurry; slowly) ______________________________________________________ 第三部分 完整参考答案 一、单词适当形式填空答案 2 / 2 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1. is shining(look提示现在进行时) 2. is shouting(listen提示现在进行时) 3. am working(right now现在进行时) 4. is raining(语境提示此刻正在下雨) 5. is skating(at the moment现在进行时) 6. aren’t playing(now否定现在进行时) 7. are; doing(at this time现在进行时提问) 8. are running(look提示现在进行时) 9. explaining(be busy doing固定搭配) 10. are waiting(now现在进行时) 11. is snowing(语境提示正在下雪) 12. is singing(语境提示正在唱歌) 13. is driving(此刻正在驾驶) 14. are sunbathing(right now现在进行时) 15. am not rushing(now否定现在进行时) 16. Are; taking(现在进行时一般疑问句) 17. is blowing(当下正在刮风) 18. are making(现阶段持续动作) 19. are shopping(now现在进行时) 20. is kicking(此刻正在做的动作) 21. having(look forward to doing固定搭配) 22. is(everyone单数,现在进行时) 23. rained(just now一般过去时) 24. are standing(并列现在进行时) 25. is happening(此刻正在发生的事) 二、单项选择 1-5:CBCCA 6-10:CCBCC 11-15:BCABB 三、句型改写 1. aren’t; playing 2. Is; skating; she; is 3. What; are; doing 4. How; is; going / What; is; like 5. isn’t; working 6. Who;is 7. Are; you 8. are; playing 9. What; is; doing 10. Are; enjoying 四、汉译英 1. At the moment, people around the world are doing different things. 2. Right now, the sun is shining brightly and we are playing beach volleyball on the beach. 3. Although it is cloudy, they are still making progress. 4. During rush hour, many passengers are waiting for the subway. 5. Look! The children are running side by side in the park. 6. I am busy making new paintings. 7. At the moment, she is looking forward to the Mid-Autumn Festival. 8. It is stormy, but he is still moving forward. 9. Listen! Someone is shouting for help loudly. 10. I am not in a hurry now. I am enjoying the sights slowly. $

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Unit1-2语法(现在进行时)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年鲁教版四五学制英语七年级上册
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Unit1-2语法(现在进行时)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年鲁教版四五学制英语七年级上册
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Unit1-2语法(现在进行时)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年鲁教版四五学制英语七年级上册
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