Unit 4 Natural Disasters Vocabulary, Reading & Thinking 导学案 -2026～2027 学年高中英语人教版第一册

该高中英语导学案围绕“Natural Disaster”主题，聚焦自然灾害相关的主题阅读与词汇学习，通过海啸案例导入，衔接唐山地震文本，词汇从匹配、听写过渡到词性转换，构建从具体现象到语言应用的学习支架。 资料亮点在于真实案例阅读与多维度词汇训练结合，提升语言能力，阅读理解题和雨灾建议邮件写作作业培养思维品质，助力学生形成自主学习策略，落实核心素养中的语言运用与思维发展。

Live to tell: Raising Awareness, Reducing Mortality. UNIT 4 Natural Disaster Vocabulary & Reading Learning Objective: 1. Topic reading; 2. Vocabulary Learning 3. Reading & Thinking; 4. Homework. Topic Reading Tsunami: Killer Waves A tsunami is a series of huge ocean waves mainly caused by underwater earthquakes. In December 2004, a powerful 9.0-magnitude quake happened under the Indian Ocean near Sumatra, Indonesia. The sudden shift of ocean floor pushed tons of seawater upward and created deadly tsunami waves. These waves traveled across the ocean as fast as planes. Within hours, they crashed onto the coasts of 11 countries, washing away houses, roads and fishing boats. Over 150,000 people lost their lives, and millions became homeless overnight. Scientists have found clear warning signs before a tsunami hits. The seawater will suddenly pull back far from the beach, leaving fish exposed on dry sand. If people spot this signal, they must run to higher ground right away instead of picking up fish. Now many coastal countries have built tsunami warning systems. Sensors under the sea can detect earthquakes and send emergency messages to local residents. We cannot stop natural disasters, but early warnings can greatly cut down deaths. Only by working together can humans fight against the power of nature. Vocabulary Learning Word meaning matching ( )1. drought A. n.管子，管道 ( )2. brick B. n.砖；砖块 ( )3. metal C. n.(尤指西大西洋的)飓风 ( )4. context D. n.& v. 碰撞；撞击 n. 撞车；碰撞 ( )5. crash E. n.上下文；语境；背景 ( )6. hurricane F. n.旱灾；久旱 ( )7. pipe G. n.金属 ( )8. sweep away H. 露天；在户外 ( )9. in the open air I. 消灭；彻底消除 ( )10. in ruins J. 严重受损；破败不堪 Word dictation 1. n. 灾难；灾害 2. n. & vt.营救；救援 3. vt.损害；破坏 n. 损失；损坏 4. vt.摧毁；毁灭 5. vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 6. n. 电；电能 7. n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 8. n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 9. adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 10. vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表 11. n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险) 12. n. 突发事件；紧急情况 13. n. 总结；概括；概要 14. vt.& vi. 打扫，清扫 15. vt.& vi. 呼吸 16. n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.(使)破裂；砸碎 17. vt.& vi. 碰撞；撞击 n.撞车，碰撞 18. vi.& vt. 侵袭；突击；击打n. 罢工，罢课；袭击 19. n. 影响；结果；效果 20. n. 长度；篇幅 Reading & Thinking THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 a.m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one million people were asleep as usual that night. At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again. Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. Vocabulary expansion 1. ___________ vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→survivor n．幸存者；生还者→survival n．幸存；生存；幸存事物 2. dead adj.无生命的→die vi.死；死亡→ ___________ n．死；死亡 3. ___________ n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的 4. breath n．呼吸→ ___________ vi.& vt.呼吸 5. revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒→ ___________ n．振兴；复苏 6. ___________ vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体→unite vi.& vt.团结 7. ___________ vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．折磨；苦难 8. ___________ n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→ ___________ adj.有影响力的；强有力的；力量大的；很有效的 → ___________ adj.无影响力的；无权的→empower vt.授权；给(某人)……的权力 9. ___________ vt.摧毁；毁灭→destruction n．摧毁；毁灭；破坏 10. ___________ vt.& vi.递送；传送；交付；运载；分娩→delivery n．传送；递送；交付；分娩 11. effect n．效应；影响；结果→ ___________ adj.产生预期结果的；有效的→ ___________ adv.有效地→ ___________ adj.无效果的；不起作用的；不奏效的 12. ___________ n．长；长度；篇幅 →long adj.长的 → ___________ vt.& vi.(使)变长 Read again, and finish the following exercises. Main-idea matching 1. Para. 1 2. Para. 2 3. Para. 3 4. Para. 4 5. Para. 5 A. The earthquake caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan. B. The earthquake happened and caused deaths and injuries in Tangshan. C. Help came soon after the quakes. D. Strange things happened, but few people paid attention to them. E. Tangshan came back to life again. Read the text and choose the best answer. 1. What’s the main idea of the text? A. A terrible earthquake happened in Tangshan. B. Serious damage was done in the Tangshan earthquake. C. Strange things were ignored before the Tangshan earthquake. D. Many people came to the rescue during the Tangshan earthquake. 2. What does the last sentence in paragraph 1 imply? A. The survivors didn’t think too much of the earthquake. B. The survivors were made to lose their sense by the sudden big earthquake. C. The survivors didn’t think an earthquake could bring such great damage. D. The survivors didn’t realize that a terrible earthquake happened in such a short time. 3. How many people were killed or injured during the earthquake? A. 10,000. B. 50,000. C. 150,000. D. 400,000. 4. What does the title “The Night the Earth Didn’t Sleep” mean? A. The earth was awake all night long. B. The earth shook like crazy that night. C. Animals on the earth would not sleep that night. D. People on the earth couldn’t fall asleep that night. 5. What does the sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again.” mean? A. Most of the 10,000 miners were rescued. B. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. C. The life in Tangshan began to return to normal. D. The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help people. Homework 1. Write a passage according to the following information. Suppose you are Li Hua, a student from Hongxing High School. Tom, an exchange student from Britain, will spend the rainy season in your city. Heavy rainstorms and urban water-logging often occur here in summer. In his letter, Tom asks you for advice on prevention and selfrescue knowledge against rain-related disasters. Please write an email to him, covering the following points: (1) Main dangers caused by heavy rainstorms; (2) Selfprotection measures both indoors and outdoors; (3) Your reflections on disaster prevention and your willingness to offer help. Notes: (1) Word count: 80100; (2) Make your writing coherent and feel free to add proper details; (3) The beginning and ending are given and shall not be counted into the word count. Dear Tom, _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Live to tell: Raising Awareness, Reducing Mortality. UNIT 4 Natural Disaster Vocabulary & Reading Learning Objective: 1. Topic reading; 2. Vocabulary Learning 3. Reading & Thinking; 4. Homework. Topic Reading Tsunami: Killer Waves A tsunami is a series of huge ocean waves mainly caused by underwater earthquakes. In December 2004, a powerful 9.0-magnitude quake happened under the Indian Ocean near Sumatra, Indonesia. The sudden shift of ocean floor pushed tons of seawater upward and created deadly tsunami waves. These waves traveled across the ocean as fast as planes. Within hours, they crashed onto the coasts of 11 countries, washing away houses, roads and fishing boats. Over 150,000 people lost their lives, and millions became homeless overnight. Scientists have found clear warning signs before a tsunami hits. The seawater will suddenly pull back far from the beach, leaving fish exposed on dry sand. If people spot this signal, they must run to higher ground right away instead of picking up fish. Now many coastal countries have built tsunami warning systems. Sensors under the sea can detect earthquakes and send emergency messages to local residents. We cannot stop natural disasters, but early warnings can greatly cut down deaths. Only by working together can humans fight against the power of nature. Vocabulary Learning Word meaning matching ( )1. drought A. n.管子，管道 ( )2. brick B. n.砖；砖块 ( )3. metal C. n.(尤指西大西洋的)飓风 ( )4. context D. n.& v. 碰撞；撞击 n. 撞车；碰撞 ( )5. crash E. n.上下文；语境；背景 ( )6. hurricane F. n.旱灾；久旱 ( )7. pipe G. n.金属 ( )8. sweep away H. 露天；在户外 ( )9. in the open air I. 消灭；彻底消除 ( )10. in ruins J. 严重受损；破败不堪 【答案】1−5 FBGED  6−10 CAIHJ Word dictation 1. n. 灾难；灾害 2. n. & vt.营救；救援 3. vt.损害；破坏 n. 损失；损坏 4. vt.摧毁；毁灭 5. vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 6. n. 电；电能 7. n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 8. n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 9. adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 10. vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表 11. n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险) 12. n. 突发事件；紧急情况 13. n. 总结；概括；概要 14. vt.& vi. 打扫，清扫 15. vt.& vi. 呼吸 16. n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.(使)破裂；砸碎 17. vt.& vi. 碰撞；撞击 n.撞车，碰撞 18. vi.& vt. 侵袭；突击；击打n. 罢工，罢课；袭击 19. n. 影响；结果；效果 20. n. 长度；篇幅 【答案】1. disaster 2. rescue 3. damage 4. destroy 5. affect 6. electricity 7. effort 8. power 9. calm 10. deliver 11. shelter 12. emergency 13. summary 14. sweep 15. breathe 16. crack 17. crash 18. strike 19. effect 20. length Reading & Thinking THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 a.m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one million people were asleep as usual that night. At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again. Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. Vocabulary expansion 1. ___________ vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→survivor n．幸存者；生还者→survival n．幸存；生存；幸存事物 2. dead adj.无生命的→die vi.死；死亡→ ___________ n．死；死亡 3. ___________ n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的 4. breath n．呼吸→ ___________ vi.& vt.呼吸 5. revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒→ ___________ n．振兴；复苏 6. ___________ vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体→unite vi.& vt.团结 7. ___________ vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．折磨；苦难 8. ___________ n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→ ___________ adj.有影响力的；强有力的；力量大的；很有效的 → ___________ adj.无影响力的；无权的→empower vt.授权；给(某人)……的权力 9. ___________ vt.摧毁；毁灭→destruction n．摧毁；毁灭；破坏 10. ___________ vt.& vi.递送；传送；交付；运载；分娩→delivery n．传送；递送；交付；分娩 11. effect n．效应；影响；结果→ ___________ adj.产生预期结果的；有效的→ ___________ adv.有效地→ ___________ adj.无效果的；不起作用的；不奏效的 12. ___________ n．长；长度；篇幅 →long adj.长的 → ___________ vt.& vi.(使)变长 【答案】1. survive 2. death 3. shock 4. breathe 5. revival 6. unify 7. suffer 8. power; powerful; powerless 9. destroy 10. deliver 11. effective; effectively; ineffective 12. length; lengthen Read again, and finish the following exercises. Ⅰ. Main-idea matching 1. Para. 1 2. Para. 2 3. Para. 3 4. Para. 4 5. Para. 5 A. The earthquake caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan. B. The earthquake happened and caused deaths and injuries in Tangshan. C. Help came soon after the quakes. D. Strange things happened, but few people paid attention to them. E. Tangshan came back to life again. 【答案】1—5 DBACE Ⅱ. Read the text and choose the best answer. 1. What’s the main idea of the text? A. A terrible earthquake happened in Tangshan. B. Serious damage was done in the Tangshan earthquake. C. Strange things were ignored before the Tangshan earthquake. D. Many people came to the rescue during the Tangshan earthquake. 2. What does the last sentence in paragraph 1 imply? A. The survivors didn’t think too much of the earthquake. B. The survivors were made to lose their sense by the sudden big earthquake. C. The survivors didn’t think an earthquake could bring such great damage. D. The survivors didn’t realize that a terrible earthquake happened in such a short time. 3. How many people were killed or injured during the earthquake? A. 10,000. B. 50,000. C. 150,000. D. 400,000. 4. What does the title “The Night the Earth Didn’t Sleep” mean? A. The earth was awake all night long. B. The earth shook like crazy that night. C. Animals on the earth would not sleep that night. D. People on the earth couldn’t fall asleep that night. 5. What does the sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again.” mean? A. Most of the 10,000 miners were rescued. B. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. C. The life in Tangshan began to return to normal. D. The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help people. 【答案】 1－5 ADDBC Homework 1. Write a passage according to the following information. Suppose you are Li Hua, a student from Hongxing High School. Tom, an exchange student from Britain, will spend the rainy season in your city. Heavy rainstorms and urban water-logging often occur here in summer. In his letter, Tom asks you for advice on prevention and selfrescue knowledge against rain-related disasters. Please write an email to him, covering the following points: (1) Main dangers caused by heavy rainstorms; (2) Selfprotection measures both indoors and outdoors; (3) Your reflections on disaster prevention and your willingness to offer help. Notes: (1) Word count: 80100; (2) Make your writing coherent and feel free to add proper details; (3) The beginning and ending are given and shall not be counted into the word count. Dear Tom, Glad to receive your letter asking for advice on rainstorm safety. Heavy rainstorms often hit our city in summer, causing floods that destroy roads, cut off electricity and trap people in low-lying areas. Some broken power lines also raise the risk of electric shock. Here are practical tips for self-protection. If you stay indoors, keep away from windows and prepare enough food and bottled water in case supplies get delayed. Once caught outside, never walk through flooded streets or stand under trees. Head for high ground right away. Natural disasters are unavoidable, but proper preparation can greatly reduce losses. Whenever a storm comes, feel free to turn to me for help. Yours, Li Hua 1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $