Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy（知识清单）英语译林版必修第二册

该高中英语单元知识清单围绕“运动健康”主题，系统整合词汇（含阅读、写作、拓展分级）、语法（现在进行时与现在完成时被动语态）、写作（建议信）及知识点精讲，搭建从基础积累到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“熟词生义对比”“拓展词汇词形变化表”“语法思维导图”构建知识体系，如“injury/wound”辨析表培养精准语言能力，写作框架图与范文提升思维品质。设计默写、语法填空等分层练习，学生可自主巩固，教师能据此优化教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy 词汇 一、阅读词汇 1. immune adj. 有免疫力；不受影响的；免除的 2. aerobic adj. 有氧的；需氧的 3. tai chi n. 太极拳，太极 4. carbohydrate n. 碳水化合物，糖类 5. crane n. 鹤 6. rooster n. 雄鸡 7. imitate vt. 模仿；仿效 8. philosophy n. 哲学 9. unity n. 统一体，联合体，整体；团结一致，联合，统一 10. soccer n. [美]足球运动 11. skydiving n. 跳伞运动 12. lung n. 肺 二、写作词汇 1. disease n. 病，疾病 2. moreover adv. 此外，而且 3. routine n. 常规，惯例 adj. 常规的，例行的；乏味的 4. muscle n. 肌肉，肌 5. jogging n. 慢跑锻炼 6. skiing n. 滑雪(运动) 7. pull-up n. 引体向上 8. bone n. 骨头，骨 9. gymnastics n. 体操，体操训练 10. stretch vt. & vi. 伸展，舒展；拉长；伸出；(使)延伸 11. petrol n. 汽油 12. protein n. 蛋白质 13. throughout prep. 自始至终；各处，遍及 14. sweat n. 汗水 vt. & vi. 出汗，流汗 15. replace vt. 用……替换；代替，取代；更换，更新 16. athlete n. 运动员 17. boxing n. 拳击运动 18. champion n. 冠军，第一名 19. nearby adj. 附近的，邻近的 adv. 在附近，不远 20. gym n. 健身房，体育馆 21. partner n. 搭档，同伴；伙伴；合伙人 22. position n. 处境；位置；姿势；观点；地位 23. nowadays adv. 现今，现在 24. ache vi. & n. 疼痛，隐痛 25. backwards (also backward) adv. 向后；朝反方向 三、拓展词汇 1. congratulation n. 祝贺，恭喜；贺词；恭贺→congratulate vt. 祝贺 2. assume vt. 假定，认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露→assumption n. 假定；设想 3. tend vi. 往往会；趋向 vt. 照看→tendency n. 趋势；倾向；偏好 4. energy n. 能，能量；精力；能源→energetic adj. 精力充沛的，充满活力的 5. injury n. 伤害，损伤→injure vt. 伤害，损伤→injured adj. 受伤的 6. equipment n. 配备，装备；设备→equip v. 配备；装备 7. lack vi. & vt. 缺乏，没有，不足，短缺 n. 缺乏，匮乏，短缺→lacking adj. 没有的；缺乏的；不足的 8. announce vt. 宣布，宣告；通知→announcement n. 宣布，宣告；通知→announcer n. 播音员；宣告者 9. hesitate vi. 犹豫，迟疑→hesitation n. 犹豫，迟疑→hesitant adj. 犹豫的，踌躇的 10. admit vt. & vi. 承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入→admission n. 允许进入；承认；入场费 11. inspire vt. 激励，鼓舞；启发思考；使产生(感觉或情感)→inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人(或事物)→inspired adj. 受鼓舞的→inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 12. explore vt. & vi. 探究，探索；勘探，勘察→exploration n. 探险；探索，探究→explorer n. 探险者 13. satisfaction n. 满意；满足，达到→satisfy vt. 满足；使满意→satisfying/satisfactory adj. 令人满意的→satisfied adj. 满足的；(感到)满意的 14. exist vi. 存在；生活，生存→existence n. 生存；存在→existing adj. 目前的，现有的 15. breathe vt. & vi. 呼吸；呼出→breath n. 呼吸→breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的 16. movement n. 活动，转动；移动；运动→move v. 移动 15. prevent vt. 阻止，阻碍→prevention n. 预防;阻止,阻碍 16. maintain vt. 维持；维修，保养→maintenance n. 维护,维修;保持 四、熟词生义 1. bat 熟义：n. 蝙蝠；球棒，球板→生义：vt. & vi. 用球棒(板)击球 2. range熟义：n. (变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区间→生义：n. 一系列; 山脉 3. tissue熟义：n. (人、动植物细胞的)组织→生义：(尤指用作手帕的)纸巾，手巾纸 4. update熟义：vt.使现代化，更新；向……提供最新信息→生义：n. 最新消息 5. court熟义：n. 球场；法院，法庭→生义：宫廷 6. plus熟义：prep. 加；和→生义：conj. 而且，此外 7. master熟义：vt. 精通，掌握；控制→生义：n. 大师，能手；主人 8. root熟义：vt. & vi. (使)生根 n. 根，根茎→生义：n. 根源，起因 9. diagram熟义：n. 简图，图解，图表→生义：n. 示意图 10. assume熟义： vt. 假定，认为；承担(责任)，就(职) →生义：vt. 呈现，显露 11. tend熟义：vi. 往往会；趋向→生义：vt. 照看 12. admit熟义：vt. & vi.承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入→生义：v. 可接纳,容纳 13. inspiration熟义：n. 灵感→生义：n. 灵感 14. reduce熟义：vt. 减少，缩小→生义：vt. 使沦落，使陷入窘境 15. announce熟义：vt.宣布，宣告；通知；声称→生义：vt. 预示 五、重点短语 1. do wonders创造奇迹，产生神奇作用 2. over the long term长期 3. stick with持续，坚持 4. make up for弥补，补偿 5. put the finishing touches to对……进行最后的润色或修饰 6. in response to对……作出反应；作为对……的回复 7. under the weather略有不适，不舒服 8. no wonder不足为奇，并不奇怪 9. be rooted in起源于 写作 句型 1. It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk it作形式主语，that引导主语从句 of diseases. 译文：事实也证明，经常锻炼的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险较低。 2. Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings. 动名词短语作主语 译文：锻炼可以帮助你减轻压力，克服负面情绪。 3. (When you plan an exercise routine), the first thing to consider is When引导时间状语从句 the＋序数词＋n.＋to do...作主语 what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility. what引导表语从句 译文：制订锻炼计划时，首先需要考虑的是你期望在哪些方向有所改善，是心肺功能、肌肉力量还是柔韧性。 4. To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment 动词不定式作状语 祈使句 that引导宾语从句 (when exercising). when引导的状语从句，省略了主语和be 译文：为了防止软组织受伤，锻炼时，要确保你穿戴合适的衣服和护具。 5. Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration sb. be v.-ed to do... from a fight between a snake and a bird. 译文：传说13世纪时，一个叫张三丰的道士从蛇与鸟的缠斗中汲取灵感，创立了太极拳。 6. Tai chi has taught me to relax my mind, enabling me to stay cool in stressful situations. 现在分词短语作结果状语 译文：太极拳教会了我放松大脑，让我在紧张的情况下能保持冷静。 7.[With these requirements of tai chi in mind], I found to my satisfaction that my balance and with复合结构作状语 flexibility slowly improved, that I was able to do more difficult moves, and that my love for tai chi returned stronger than ever. 译文：让我满意的是，记住太极拳的这些要求后，我发现自己的平衡性和柔韧性慢慢有所改善,我能完成难度更大的动作，而且我比以前更喜爱太极拳了。 8.After learning the basics of tai chi in those first few classes, I found myself bored and aching from (find+宾语+宾语补足语) doing the same moves over and over again. 译文：学完前几节太极拳基础课之后，我发现一遍又一遍重复这些相同招式让我心生厌倦，而且肌肉酸痛。 语法 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 写作 写一篇关于锻炼身体的建议信 一、知识点精讲 1. congratulation n. 祝贺, 恭喜; 贺辞; 恭贺 【教材原句】Congratulations! You have just taken your first step towards a new and improved you! 祝贺你! 你已经向新的、更好的自己跨出了第一步! 【词汇拓展】 (1)congratulations(to sb. ) on sth. 祝贺(某人)某事 offer/express/send one’s congratulations to sb.on sth. 因某事向某人表示祝贺 (2)congratulate vt. 祝贺, 庆祝 congratulate sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事 congratulate oneself (on sth.) (为某人自己的成就或成功)感到自豪 【注意】congratulation 常用复数形式，表示“祝贺”。congratulation 可单独使用，也可在其后加介词，接事时用介词 on，接人时用介词to。 Congratulations on your winning the first prize in the Chinese calligraphy contest! 祝贺你在中国书法比赛中获得第一名！ I’m writing this email to congratulate you on your passing the final exam. 我写这封邮件是为了祝贺你通过了期末考试。 2. assume vt. 假定,认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露 【教材原句】Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind—but what exactly are its health benefits? 大多数人都认为经常锻炼对身心大有益处——不过,锻炼究竟对健康有哪些好处呢? 【词汇拓展】 (1)assume (that)...　　　认为/假设…… assume+sb.+to be... 认为/假设某人是…… It is assumed that... 人们认为…… assuming that 假设/如果 (2)assumption n.假设,设想 on the assumption that... 基于……的假定 Let’s assume him to be late for the meeting. What will happen then? 让我们假设他开会迟到。然后会发生什么呢? It is generally assumed that we should well preserve those buildings which are of great significance. 人们普遍认为我们应该保护好这些具有重要意义的古建筑。 Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the assumption that you’ve made. 试着去理解实际正在发生的事情,而不是按照你做出的假设去行动。 【拓展】assuming以及suppose, supposing, providing, provided后可直接跟从句，相当于if和on condition that引导的条件状语从句。 3.tend vi. 往往会; 趋向 vt. 照看 【教材原句】It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. 事实也证明，定期运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统,患病的风险较 【词汇拓展】 (1)tend to do sth.　 　　倾向于做某事 tend sb./sth. 照料/照看某人/某物 tend to/towards 趋向……,趋于…… (2)tendency n. 倾向, 趋势 have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向 There is a tendency to (do)/towards sth. 有一种(做)……的趋势/倾向 What moved me most was the selflessness and devotion of Ms Wang, who tended (to) my mother in the hospital. 最让我感动的是在医院照顾我母亲的王女士的无私和奉献。 As a Senior 3 student，it is normal that you have a tendency to get anxious with time going by. 作为一名高三学生，随着时间的推移，你会有感到焦虑的倾向，这很正常。 4.range n. (变动或浮动的)范围, 界限, 区间; 一系列 vi. 变化, 变动, 包括 【教材原句】Flexibility training, including gymnastics and tai chi, helps stretch your muscles and improve your body’s range of movement. 体操和太极拳等柔韧性训练有助于伸展肌肉,加大身体活动范围。 【词汇拓展】 (1)a wide/full range of　 各种各样的 within/in (one’s) range of 在可及的范围内 out of/beyond one’s range=out of/beyond the range of sb. 超出某人的承受范围 (2)range from...to... 在……到……范围内变化 range between...and... 在……与……之间变化 When driving on highways，the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of 60km/h and 120km/h. His interests range from playing football to listening to music. 他的爱好从踢足球到听音乐。 [巧学助记] 5. prevent vt. 阻止, 阻碍 【教材原句】To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. 为了防止软组织受伤,运动时你一定要穿合适的衣服,戴合适的装备。 【词汇拓展】 prevent sb.from doing sth.　 阻止某人做某事 prevention n. 阻止, 预防 preventable adj. 可预防的;可防止的 It was cold outside, but it didn’t prevent him from going out to collect food for the homeless children. 外面很冷, 但这并不妨碍他出去为无家可归的孩子们收集食物。 We should attach great importance to pollution prevention and control, and improve the living and working environment for our people. 我们应高度重视污染防治,改善人民生活和工作环境。 【易混辨析】prevent sb.from doing sth.与stop sb.from doing sth.用法相同，在主动语态中from可以省略，被动语态中不能省略。keep sb.from doing sth.中的from无论在主动语态中还是在被动语态中都不能省略。 6. reduce vt. 减少，缩小；使陷入；迫使 【教材原句】Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings. 锻炼身体可以帮助你减轻压力,克服消极情绪。 【词汇拓展】 be reduced to ...减少到…… be reduced by...减少了…… be reduced to (doing) sth.陷入某种境地;沦落到做某事 reduction n.减少;降低;缩小 After vaccination, the death rate was reduced to 0.14 percent. 接种疫苗后,死亡率降到了0.14%。 When he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 当他看到河中升起的薄雾和山顶周围柔软的云时,他流泪了。 7. make up for弥补，补偿 【教材原句】Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost to sweat. 记住运动时全程都要喝水，以弥补流汗所造成的水分流失。 【词汇拓展】 make it 及时到达；获得成功；设法做成 make up 组成；编造；化妆；和好 make out 理解；弄清；填写 make sense 讲得通，有意义 make one's way (to) 前往 make use of 利用，使用 We have the dream and work hard. We will make it！ 我们有梦想、肯努力。我们会成功的！ We don't like him because he is always making up excuses whenever he makes mistakes. 我们都不喜欢他，因为每次犯了错误他总能编造出借口。 It makes sense to pay off your debts before you start trying to save money. 在你开始存钱之前先还清你的债务是明智的。 8. injury n. 伤害，损伤 【教材原句】To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. 为了防止软组织受伤，运动时一定要配备合适的衣服和器材。 【词汇拓展】 (1)do sb./oneself an injury＝do an injury to sb./oneself 使某人/自己受伤害 (2)injure v. 使受伤，弄伤 injured adj. 受伤的 get/be injured 受伤 the injured 伤员 He got injured during the basketball match，which made all of us worried. 他在篮球比赛中受伤了，这使我们都很担心。 After the accident，the ambulance took the injured to the nearby hospital. 事故发生后，救护车把伤者送到了附近的一家医院。 [易混辨析] injure 多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害 wound 指人在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉受到的伤害 hurt 多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛 harm 指身体或精神上受到的损害或对周围事物造成的危害，意为“伤害，损害”。常用短语do harm to，意为“对……有害” 9. equipment n. 设备；配备，装备 【教材原句】To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. 为了防止软组织受伤,你运动时一定要穿合适的衣服和护具。 【词汇拓展】 (1)a piece of equipment　 一件设备 (2)equip sb. with sth. 用某物配备/装备某人 equip...for.../to do... 为了(做)……而装备 be equipped with... 配备有…… 【易错提示】 ①equip的过去式和过去分词均为equipped； ②equipment为不可数名词，“一件设备”表示为a piece of equipment； ③要以被装备的对象作宾语，不能以装备物作宾语，其句型通常为“equip＋装备对象＋with＋装备物”：We are going to equip the room with air­conditioning. 我们打算给这个房间装上空调。注意不说We are going to equip air­conditioning in the room. Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.我们学校提供良好的设备,你将为你未来的工作配备良好的知识和技能。 10. lack n. 缺乏；匮乏 vi. & vt. 缺乏，短缺，不足，没有 【教材原句】 Others work out for hours at the weekend to make up for their lack of exercise during the weekdays. 另一些人在周末锻炼几个小时，以弥补他们在工作日缺乏的锻炼。 【词汇拓展】 (a) lack of 缺少…… for lack of 由于缺少…… ·lack sth. 缺乏…… lacking adj. 缺乏的；缺少的 ·be lacking in 缺少…… This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. 这就是动机或缺乏动机所能做到的。 Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to a key university. 尽管缺钱，他的父母还是设法把他送进了一所重点大学。 [易错提示]lack作动词时，是及物动词，其后直接跟宾语。lack作名词时，其后跟介词of。 11. announce vt. 宣布，宣告；通知 【教材原句】We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again! 我们高兴地宣布,社区体育中心将于近期再度向公众开放! 【词汇拓展】 (1)announce sth.(to sb.) (向某人)宣布/通告某事 announce that... 宣布……；通知…… It is/was announced that... 据宣布…… (2)announcement n. 通告；公告 make an announcement 宣布；下通知 (3)announcer n. 广播员；播音员 I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it. 阅读了你们在网上发布的夏令营公告，我对此很感兴趣。 It is wise to announce the news to the public. 把这则消息告知公众是明智的。 It was announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced. 据宣布，将有新的限速规定出台。 [易错提示]动词announce后不跟双宾语，表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announce sth.to sb.或announce to sb.sth.；类似用法的单词还有suggest，explain, report等。 12. hesitate vi. 犹豫，迟疑 【教材原句】When my friend first suggested that we join the new Tai Chi Club at school, I hesitated. 当我的朋友第一次建议我们加入学校里新的太极俱乐部时，我犹豫了一下。 【词汇拓展】 (1)hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事；不愿做某事 hesitate about/over (doing) sth. (做)某事犹豫不决 (2)hesitation n. 犹豫，迟疑 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth. 很乐意做某事 She hesitated about/over the choice between the two dresses. 她对到底选择这两件连衣裙中的哪一件犹豫不决。 We are at your service. Don't hesitate to turn to us if you have any further problems. 我们随时为您服务。如果您还有问题的话，请尽管来找我们。 The Mullers gave their phone number to the street people without hesitation and told them to phone anytime. 穆勒夫妇毫不犹豫地把电话号码给那些街上(需要帮助)的人，并告诉他们可以随时打电话。 13. admit vt. & vi. 承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入 【教材原句】After the first class, however, I had to admit that I had been wrong about tai chi. 然而，第一节课后，我不得不承认我对太极的看法是错误的。 【词汇拓展】 (1)admit doing sth./having done sth. 承认做了某事 admit sth./that... 承认/认可…… admit sb.into... 允许某人进入…… be admitted to/into 被(某校)录取；允许进入 (2)admission n. [C]承认，供认；[U, C] 准许加入；[U] 入场费 She apologized to me and admitted taking/having taken my umbrella by mistake. 她向我道歉并承认错拿了我的伞。 You will not be admitted to the theatre after the performance has started. 演出开始后，你将不能进入剧场。 How does one gain admission to this library？ 怎样才能获准进入这个图书馆？ 14. inspire vt. 激励，鼓舞；启发思考；使产生(感觉或情感) 【教材原句】Just as importantly, practising tai chi has inspired me to explore the Chinese culture behind it. 同样重要的是，练太极拳激发了我去探索它背后的中国文化。 【词汇拓展】 (1)inspire sb.with 用……激励/启发某人 inspire sb.to do sth. 激励某人做某事 (2)inspiration n. 灵感；启发 (3)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的，激励的 inspired adj. 品质优秀的；有灵感的 He delivered his New Year's speech in 2021, which inspired the whole country to work harder. 他发表了2021年新年贺词，激励着全国人民更加努力工作。 Both poets drew their inspiration from the countryside. 两位诗人都是从乡村得到他们的灵感的。 15. no wonder 不足为奇，并不奇怪 【教材原句】No wonder some tai chi moves are named after animals—Chinese martial arts have a long­standing practice of imitating animals.中国武术有着模仿动物的悠久传统，一些太极动作以动物命名也就不足为奇了。 【词汇拓展】 (1)wonder n. 奇迹；奇观；惊奇 It's no wonder (that) 难怪……；一点也不奇怪…… (2)wonder v. 想知道；对……感到惊奇；对……感到疑惑 wonder at/about...对……感到惊奇 wonder if/whether/how/wh­从句 想知道…… I intend to join a Dragon Boat Training Camp. I wonder if you'd like to go with me. 我打算参加龙舟训练营。我想知道你是否愿意和我一起参加。 He hasn't slept at all for three days. It is no wonder (that) he is tired out. 他已经三天没有睡觉了。难怪他很疲倦。 16. 状语从句中的省略 【教材原句】To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. 为了防止软组织受伤，运动时一定要配备合适的衣服和器材。 【句型分析】这是一个复合句。that引导宾语从句，其中when exercising是状语从句的省略形式，补全应为：when you are exercising。 (1)状语从句中的省略： 从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语中含有be动词的某种形式时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。 从句的主语是it，从句的谓语中含有be动词的某种形式时，可以把it和be动词一起省略。 (2)if从句的省略形式： if necessary如果有必要的话 if so如果是这样的话 if anybody/anyone若有(任何)人的话 if any如果有的话 if ever如果有过的话 if anything如果有什么的话 if not如果不是这样的话；不然的话 if possible如果可能的话 He was very near­sighted. While reading the text, the top of his nose would touch the book. 他近视得很厉害。朗读课文的时候，他的鼻尖几乎贴在课本上。 I have never been late for work; if ever, it is due to some special reasons. 我上班从来没有迟到过，如果有过的话，那也是因为一些特殊的原因。 [巧学助记]状语从句省略口诀 省略句真容易，符合两条就可以； 从句谓语含有be，两句主语一样的； 从句若有it be，照样省去不迟疑； 选择­ed或­ing，主动被动辨仔细。 17. “be＋said ＋不定式”结构 【教材原句】Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird. 传说13世纪时，一个叫张三丰的道士从蛇与鸟的缠斗中汲取灵感，创立了太极拳。 【句式分析】 句中was said to have invented 为句型：sb./sth.be said to do sth.，意为“据说……”。 sb. be said to have done sth.＝it is/was said that sb. have/has/had done sth. ·类似用法的句型： ①sb./sth.be believed/reported/thought to do... ＝ it is/was believed/reported/thought that sb./sth.do/did... 大家都相信/据报道/大家公认某人/某物做…… ②sb./sth.be+＋to＋ Chinese writer, Mo Yan, was reported to have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. 据报道，中国作家莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖。 To our satisfaction，a health care project is reported to provide treatment at half cost. 令我们满意的是，据报道，一个保健项目以半价提供治疗。 Tom was said to have been recommended to the sports committee./It was said that Tom had been recommended to the sports committee. 据说汤姆已被推荐给体育委员会。 二、核心语法精讲 弄思维导图 一、现在进行时的被动语态的基本结构 The fast food delivery service, new and emerging, is being chased by many food business tycoons. 新兴快餐外卖服务正受到很多餐饮巨头的追捧。 Is the house being painted by him now? 他现在正粉刷房子吗? Where is the lecture being given by Professor Smith? 史密斯教授正在哪里作报告? 二、现在进行时的被动语态的基本用法 1.表示现在正在进行的被动动作,经常和时间副词now (现在), right now (现在, 此刻), at this moment (此刻)及祈使动词如look, listen等连用。 2.表示现阶段正在被进行的动作,但该动作不一定在此时此刻发生。 3.表示按计划主语将要承受的某个动作。 4.表示经常的被动行为,常和always, often, constantly 等词连用,表达某种感情色彩。 5.“be (am/is/are) + under/in/on + n.”有时可相当于现在进行时的被动语态。 A birthday party is being held for her tonight. 今晚将要为她举行一场生日聚会。 Look! Many trees are being planted by students over there. 看!那边学生们正在种植很多树木。 Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed. 自适应信号能确保那里现有的交通需求得到解决。 He is always being praised by the teacher. 他总是得到老师的表扬。 Many new inventions are on exhibition.= Many new inventions are being exhibited. 许多新发明正在展出。 【注意】一些表示“状态、心理活动、拥有、存在”等的动词, 一般不用现在进行时的被动语态, 而常用一般现在时的被动语态。 三、现在完成时的被动语态的基本结构 However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health. 然而,关于膳食时间和运动可能是如何影响整体健康的,我们知之甚少。 Has her work been finished? 她的工作完成了吗? --Yes, it has./No, it hasn’t. --是的,完成了。/不,没有完成。 How long has her work been finished? 她的工作完成有多久了? 四、现在完成时的被动语态的基本用法 1.表示某一动作在说话之前已经被完成,强调该动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 The door has been locked. 门被锁上了。(结果是现在没有人能进去) 2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能将持续下去,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于How long句型中。例如: The old man has been looked after for twenty years. 这位老人已经被照顾20年了 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元主题语境是人与自我，单元话题是运动健康。本单元的写作话题是提供身体锻炼方面的建议。提供身体锻炼方面的建议是英语书面表达中的常见话题,主要涉及锻炼身体的益处、 方法和注意事项。体裁可以是应用文、议论文等。 2. 写作框架 3. 写作素材 (1)话题词汇 work out/take exercise regularly 定期锻炼 as a matter of routine 例行公事 physical exercise 身体锻炼 full of energy 精力充沛 build up one’s body 强身健体 develop a habit of 养成……的习惯 in good health 身体状况良好 contribute to 促进,有利于 improve one’s health 增进某人的健康 stay in shape 保持体形 outdoor activities 户外活动 keep healthy/fit 保持健康 (2)话题句式 开头首段： ①I’m sorry to hear that you are suffering from bad health. 听说你身体不好,我很难过。 ②I’m writing to offer you my advice/tips/suggestions on how to keep healthy. 我写信是想给你提供关于如何保持健康的建议。 ③Would you be kind enough to give me some advice/tips/suggestions on how to build up my body? 你能给我一些关于如何强身健体的建议吗? 中间主体段： ①I suggest that you should choose an activity that you like. 我建议你选择一个你喜欢的活动。 ②If I were you, I would try tai chi. 如果我是你,我会尝试一下太极。 ③It might be a good idea to find a partner with whom you can exercise. 找一个可以和你一块锻炼的搭档或许是个好主意。 ④How about playing basketball in your free time? 在你空闲的时候打篮球怎么样? 结尾总结段。 ①I hope my suggestion can be of help to you. 希望我的建议对你有帮助。 ②I think you can make it if you follow the above advice. 如果你听从以上建议,我认为你会成功的。 (3)范文背诵 假定你是李华。你的笔友林涛来信说,因学习忙、锻炼少,最近经常生病,影响学习。请根据提示写一封英文回信。要点包括: 　　1.锻炼的重要性;2.提出锻炼建议。 注意:1.词数 80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 Dear Lin Tao, Having learned that you have been sick/under the weather for days, I am writing to give you some advice on how to build up your body.  Exercise can improve your physical conditions and ease your mind. Only when you are in good health can you carry on studying and increase your study efficiency. First of all,I suggest that you take at least one hour’s exercise every day, and make a detailed schedule for your exercise, which can help you stick with an exercise routine. Besides, it might be a good idea to join a sports club in your school. Last but not least, you can download an App to monitor your exercise.  I hope you will find the advice helpful. I would be very pleased to see you have a stronger body. Sincerely yours, Li Hua 易错点01 不同的 “庆祝” 【错因辨析】congratulate/celebrate congratulate “祝贺;道贺”,只能用人作宾语,若要表明所祝贺的事情,后面要用on/upon连接,构成congratulate sb.on/upon sth. celebrate 举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝”,只能用事物(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语 【对点训练】 1. Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to ________ the first annual International Jazz Day. 2. I think I should ________ you on your winning the gold medal in the 100-meter dash. 【答案】1. celebrate 2. centigratulate 易错点02 arrange的不同含义 【错因辨析】energy/power/strength/force energy 主要指人的精力、活力和自然界的能源、能量 power 常用来指能源、动力、权力、影响力等 strength 指某人或某物所具有的内在力量,如体力、力气、意志力量 force 常指暴力、武装力量,也可指兵力和军队 【对点训练】 1. Matters of this kind should be solved in a peaceful way instead of by means of ________. 2. She interviewed six women who had reached positions of great ________ and influence. 3. Some experts say that eating smaller meals more often throughout the day can help maintain ________ and balance blood sugar levels. 4. When you can learn to appreciate the challenges in life, you will have a remarkable inner ________. 【答案】1. force 2. power 3. energy 4. strength 易错点03 【错因辨析】injure/wound/hurt/harm injure 表示身体或精神上各种性质及任何程度的伤害, 多表示意外受伤 wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤, 是出血的、严重的伤, 尤其指用武器有意造成的伤口、伤疤或战场上受伤 hurt 多用来表示伤害身体或某一部位, 或表示剧烈的疼痛或精神上受到伤害 harm 表示人的心理、健康、权利或事业上的损害, 程度较轻 【对点训练】 1. The man in his car ________(injure)by the big stone rolling down in the landslide yesterday.  2. Smoking seriously ________ his health. 3. His words ________ my feelings. 4. The bullet ________ him in the shoulder. 【答案】1. was injured  2. harmed 3. hurt 4. wounded 易错点04 the reason why…/ the reason why… is that… 【错因辨析】 (1)That/This/It is why...“那/这就是……的原因”,why从句表示结果;That/This/It is because...“那/这是因为……”,because从句表示原因。 (2)主语为名词reason时,表语从句中的连接词要用that,而不用why或because。 【对点训练】 1. He gave us a reason ________ sounded reasonable. 2. No one says realizing your dreams is easy; it’s not. That is ________ so many people end up quitting. 【答案】1. that/which 2. why 一、默写重点单词 1. ________ adv. 此外，而且 2. ________ vt. 减少，缩小 3. ________ n. 常规，惯例 adj. 常规的，例行的；乏味的 4. ________ vt. & vi. 伸展，舒展；拉长；伸出；(使)延伸 5. ________ n. (变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区间；一系列 6. ________ n. 平均水平，一般水准 adj. 平均的；典型的 7. ________ prep. 自始至终；各处，遍及 8. ________ n. 汗水 vt. & vi. 出汗，流汗 9. ________ vt. 阻止，阻碍 10. ________ vt. 维持；维修，保养 11. ________ vt. 使现代化，更新；向……提供最新信息 n. 最新消息 12. ________ vt. 用……替换；代替，取代；更换，更新 13. ________ n. 处境；位置；姿势；观点；地位 14. ________ n. 大师，能手；主人 vt. 精通，掌握；控制 15. ________ vt. & vi. (使)生根 n. 根，根茎；根源，起因 【答案】 1. moreover 2. reduce 3. routine 4. stretch 5. range 6. average 7. throughout 8. sweat 9. prevent 10. maintain 11. update 12. replace 13. position 14. master 15. root 二、词汇运用 1. When someone gets a prize, we should say “C________! ” to him. 【答案】Congratulations 【详解】考查名词。句意：当某人获奖的时候，我们应该祝贺他。Congratulations表示“祝贺”，常用复数，故填Congratulations。 2. You are most likely to keep your weight down if you include walking into your daily ________(常规). 【答案】routine 【详解】句意：如果你把步行包括进你的生活常规，你最有可能保持你的体重下降。表示“常规”，应该用routine。故填routine。 3. My brother always ________(趋向，易于) to be curious about everything around. 【答案】tends 【详解】句意：我哥哥对周围的一切总是很好奇。固定词组：tend to“倾向”。句子用一般现在时态，且主语是brother，单数第三人称，故答案为tends。 4. You should apologize to your mother, as she has done nothing wrong to ________(阻挡，防止) you from Internet addiction. 【答案】prevent 【详解】句意：你应该向你的妈妈道歉，因为她阻止你沉迷网络并没有任何过错。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“阻挡，防止”应用动词prevent，且此处应用动词原形与前面to构成不定式。 5. One has to work hard to ________(掌握) a foreign language. 【答案】master 【详解】句意：一个人必须努力学习掌握一门外语。根据句意和汉语提示，表示“掌握”应填动词master，空格前为不定式符号to，后面要接动词原形。 6. Please don’t h________ to contact me if you have any questions. 【答案】hesitate 【详解】考查动词词义。句意：如果你有任何问题的话，请不要犹豫，立即同我联络。在don’t之后用动词原形形式，故填hesitate。 7. My deskmate Wang Tao is so outstanding that we are sure he will be a________ into Peking University or Qinghua University. 【答案】admitted/dmitted 【详解】句意：我的同桌王涛非常优秀，我们相信他会被北京大学或清华大学录取。admit“承认，准许进入”，此处应使用过去分词，构成被动语态。故填admitted。 8. When the successful woman reached her seventies, she looked backed on her career with great ________(满意). 【答案】satisfaction 【详解】考查名词。句意：当这位成功的女人七十多岁时，她非常满意地回顾了自己的事业。with great satisfaction“带着极大的满足”。故答案为satisfaction。 9. An artist i________(受启发) by the scene painted this beautiful picture. 【答案】inspired/nspired 【详解】句意：一位被此场景启发的画家画出了这幅美丽的画作。根据首字母以及汉语提示 “受启发”可知，空处需要动词inspire；空处需要非谓语动词作定语，An artist和该动词之间为被动关系，所以需要过去分词作定语。 10. Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the ________(职位). 【答案】position 【详解】句意：请把您拥有的关于该职位候选人的所有信息发送给我们。根据汉语提示“职位”可知，此处应填入名词position，作介词for的宾语，结合空前的定冠词the，此处表示特定的单一职位，故使用单数形式。 11. After all the delays, we were anxious to make ________ for lost time. 【答案】up 【详解】句意：经过种种延误，我们迫切想要弥补所耽误的时间。根据空格后的time可知，此处用up构成固定短语make up for表示“弥补”时间。 12. ________(jog) is perhaps an effective way of keeping you slim. 【答案】Jogging 【详解】句意：慢跑或许是一种保持身材的有效方式。本空在句中充当主语，需要使用动名词形式，动词jog对应的动名词为jogging，句首单词首字母需大写。 13. ________(lack) enthusiasm for sports, she rejected the invitation to a football game. 【答案】Lacking 【详解】句意：由于对体育缺乏热情，她拒绝了看足球比赛的邀请。lack和逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，此处使用现在分词作原因状语，首字母应大写。 14. You can buy anything you want online, ________(range) from food and drink to clothes and even cards. 【答案】ranging 【详解】句意：你可以在网上买到任何你想要的东西，涵盖食品饮品、服装甚至卡片。句子已有谓语动词can buy，此处需要非谓语。range from…to…表示“范围从……到……”；逻辑主语anything和range是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。 15. In the northern state of Astrakhan, the forest department is using drones(无人机) to keep track of animals’ ________(move). 【答案】movements 【详解】句意：在北方的阿斯特拉罕州，林业部门正在使用无人机来追踪动物的行踪。根据“animals’”为名词所有格可知，其后需接名词；move的名词形式为movement，意为“移动、活动”，此处表示动物的各类活动踪迹，应用复数形式movements。 16. To my great ________( satisfy), I have made great progress in my English. 【答案】satisfaction 【详解】考查名词。句意：使我非常满意的是，我的英语取得了很大进步。To one’s+名词，指“令人……的是”。故填satisfaction。 17. I like to live in the countryside where the air is good to ________(breath). 【答案】breathe 【详解】句意：我喜欢住在乡下，那里空气清新宜人。“sth. be+形容词+to do”是固定结构，意为“某物做起来……”，breath是名词，动词形式为breathe。 18. Some people think it’s wrong to spend money on ________(explore) space. 【答案】exploring 【详解】句意：有些人认为把钱花在探索太空上是错误的。空前有介词on，且空后有名词space，因此空处应用动名词exploring，作介词on的宾语，同时与空后的space构成动宾关系。 19. So ________(master) English means we can see the world through a new window. 【答案】mastering 【详解】句意：因此，掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一扇新窗户看世界。空处在句中作主语，应用动名词形式；master的动名词形式为mastering。 20. Li decided out of love to return it to the wild, a decision ________(root) in respect rather than possession. 【答案】rooted 【详解】句意：出于爱，李决定将它放归野外，这是一个植根于尊重而非占有的决定。句中已有谓语动词decided，空格处及后面的部分作名词decision的后置定语。动词root与逻辑主语decision之间是被动关系，因此应使用过去分词rooted。 三、重点句型 1. ________________________ active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. 事实也证明，经常锻炼的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险较低。 2. When you plan an exercise routine, ________________________ is what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility. 制订锻炼计划时，首先需要考虑的是你期望在哪些方向有所改善，是心肺功能、肌肉力量还是柔韧性。 3. To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment ________________. 为了防止软组织受伤，锻炼时，要确保你穿戴合适的衣服和护具。 4. Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taoist, ________________________ tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird. 传说13世纪时，一个叫张三丰的道士从蛇与鸟的缠斗中汲取灵感，创立了太极拳。 5. Tai chi has taught me to relax my mind, ________________________________. 太极拳教会了我放松大脑，让我在紧张的情况下能保持冷静。 【答案】 1. It has also been proven that 2. the first thing to consider 3. when exercising 4. was said to have invented 5. enabling me to stay cool in stressful situations 四、课文语法填空 Reading The following is advice for beginners 1. ________(exercise). First of all, you should understand the 2.________(benefit) of exercise, 3.________ can increase the efficiency of your heart and lungs, and is good for your mental health. Some studies 4.________(show) that exercise can help you have 5. ________ better 6.________(perform) at school. Secondly, as for your exercise routine, you should consider 7.________ you expect to improve and choose activities you enjoy. Thirdly, eating and drinking right is 8. ________ great importance. At last, you should wear proper clothes and 9. ________(equip) to prevent soft tissue injury. You are also expected to warm up before 10.________(exercise) and stretch at the end of your workout. Extended reading I hesitated when I was first advised 1.________(join) the tai chi club. 2.________, after the first class, I 3.________(attract) by it and inspired to explore the Chinese culture behind it. My coach told me that Zhang Sanfeng drew 4.________(inspire) from a fight between a snake 5.________ a bird. Some people believe Chen Wangting developed tai chi 6.________(base) on martial arts skills. After my own study, I found that tai chi is 7.________(deep) rooted in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang, the equal and opposite forces 8.________ make up the world. 9.________ wonder that it can bring a state of physical balance and mental peace. It is obviously true that 10.________(practise) tai chi can bring me many benefits. 【答案】 Reading 1. to exercise 2. benefits 3. which 4. have shown 5. a 6. performance 7. what 8. of 9. equipment 10. exercising Extended reading 1. to join 2. However 3. was attracted 4. inspiration 5. and 6. based 7. deeply 8. that 9. No 10. practicing 五、阅读理解 A Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times. However, it’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn when walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. In her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice. 1. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes? A. They must run long distances. B. They have to follow special rules. C. They are qualified for the marathon. D. They are good at swinging their legs. 2. What advantage does race walking have over running? A. It’s more popular at the Olympics. B. It’s less challenging physically. C. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries. D. It’s more effective in body building. 3. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking? A. Doing regular exercises. B. Having a medical checkup. C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Getting experts’ opinions. 4. What’s the best title of the passage? A. Race Walking: Fitness Benefits and Form Challenges B. Running VS. Race Walking: Which Burns More Calories? C. Avoiding Injuries: Why Race Walking Might be safer Than Running? D. The Unusual Feature of Race Walking 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 【导语】文章介绍了竞走与跑步一样具有健身益处，且因动作规则特殊，对膝盖冲击较小，受伤风险更低；但该运动对脚踝和髋部压力较大，初学者应咨询专业人士学习正确技巧。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. However, it’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. (但是，这项运动的规则要求竞走者在大部分腿部摆动过程中保持膝盖伸直，并且任何时候都必须有一只脚与地面接触。然而，马萨诸塞州塞勒姆州立大学运动科学助理教授Jaclyn Norberg表示，正是这种奇特的姿势使得竞走成为一项极具吸引力的运动.)”可知，竞走运动员需要遵循膝盖保持伸直且单脚始终接触地面的特殊规则，正是这种特殊形式使得他们成为训练有素的运动员。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. (因此，她说，跑步时的一些伤害，例如跑者膝关节损伤，在竞走运动员中并不常见。)”可知，与跑步相比，竞走不太容易导致膝盖受伤。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice. (事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人最好先咨询教练或有经验的竞走选手，以学习正确的技巧，她说。这需要一些练习。)”可知，Norberg博士建议任何想尝试竞走的人都应该先咨询教练或有经验的选手，即获取专业人士的意见。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. (研究表明，竞走与跑步在健身方面有许多相似之处，而且很可能有助于减少受伤。)”可知，文章首先指出了竞走与跑步一样具有健身益处，以及第三段中“Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. (她说，跑步和竞走一样，对身体要求很高。)”以及最后一段中“But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. (但这项运动的特殊形式会对踝关节和髋部造成相当大的压力，因此有此类伤病史的人在尝试这项运动时应格外谨慎。)”可知，文章接着分析了其特殊的运动形式带来的挑战，如对脚踝和髋部的压力以及需要专业指导等。因此，A选项“Race Walking: Fitness Benefits and Form Challenges (竞走：健身益处与形式挑战)”最能全面概括文章主旨，符合题意。 B Whizzing(嗖嗖掠过) through Beijing’s streets on his electric scooter, 24-year-old Wang Linbo is on his way to a lesson at a customer’s home. He is not a food delivery driver, but a physical trainer hired by parents to provide sports coaching for their children. Wang is part of a growing trend in China’s cities, where parents concerned about their children’s lack of exercise are turning to on-demand fitness services. With many families having packed schedules, these mobile coaches bring professional training directly to local communities. A graduate of Beijing Sport University, Wang works during peak hours from 4 to 9 pm, teaching children skills like rope skipping, running, and fitness conditioning in residential compounds or parks. “This model saves parents’ time traveling to gyms, offers kids convenient exercise, and gives me fulfillment through one-on-one interaction,” said Wang. He sees this service as an innovative approach — certified trainers adapt workouts to spaces like sidewalks, rooftops, or community grounds, making professional coaching accessible outside traditional sports venues (场所). Wang’s colleague, Xia Yun, 27, works for a sports education company in Shenzhen. Initially considering the job part-time, Xia soon found it provided stable income and flexible hours. “The flexibility and stability convinced me to stay,” he noted. Both trainers regard doorstep coaching as a promising industry. According to a market research report, the potential(潜在的) youth sports training market covers 130 million children, with an estimated value of about 235 billion yuan. Huang Ling, founder of One Jump Sports, said their goal is to support national fitness campaigns by offering “high-quality, convenient, and inclusive sports services for young people.” She also called on the government to strengthen oversight(监督) of this newly developed field to ensure safe and sustainable growth. 5. Why do parents hire coaches like Wang? A. To prepare children for sports competitions B. To replace school physical education classes C. To help children make friends with peers D. To provide children with exercise opportunities 6. What does the word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. Offering door-to-door coaching B. Joining a sports company C. Doing a part-time job D. Managing personal time 7. What can be inferred about the youth sports training industry? A. It has a bright future B. It faces strong competition C. It’s popular in major cities D. It relies on government funding 8. What does Huang Ling stress in the last paragraph? A. The need for governing this industry strictly B. The plan to focus their services on young people C. The goal of building more national gyms D. The need to make their services more affordable 【答案】5. D 6. A 7. A 8. A 【导语】文章通过对两名年轻人事例的报道，介绍了正在中国城市兴起的青少年健身教练上门培训服务。 5. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Wang is part of a growing trend in China’s cities, where parents concerned about their children’s lack of exercise are turning to on-demand fitness services.(王是中国城市中一种日益流行趋势的一部分，许多家长因担心孩子缺乏锻炼，开始转向按需健身服务。)”可知，家长聘用王这种教练是为了给孩子提供更多的锻炼身体的机会。 6. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“He sees this service as an innovative approach — certified trainers adapt workouts to spaces like sidewalks, rooftops, or community grounds, making professional coaching accessible outside traditional sports venues(场所).(他认为这项服务是一种创新方式——经过认证的教练会根据人行道、屋顶或社区场地等空间调整训练内容，使专业指导在传统体育场馆之外也能获得。)”和第五段“Initially considering the job part-time, Xia soon found it provided stable income and flexible hours.(起初夏只是打算兼职做这份工作，但很快他就发现这份工作不仅能带来稳定的收入，而且工作时间也很灵活。)”可知，it指代新的服务模式，教练去学生居住的地方、选择合适的场地空间带领学生锻炼，即提供上门辅导。 7. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Both trainers regard doorstep coaching as a promising industry. According to a market research report, the potential (潜在的) youth sports training market covers 130 million children, with an estimated value of about 235 billion yuan.(两位培训师都认为家门口式培训是一个很有前景的行业。根据一份市场研究报告，潜在的青少年体育培训市场覆盖了 1.3 亿儿童，其预计价值约为 2350 亿元。)”可知，青少年体育培训产业前景光明。 8. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“She also called on the government to strengthen oversight (监督) of this newly developed field to ensure safe and sustainable growth.(她还呼吁政府加强对这一新兴领域的监管，以确保其安全且可持续地发展。)”可知，Huang Ling强调了严格管理这一行业的必要性。 六、完形填空 Wang Guilan, a 72-year-old Chinese woman, has been known as “Super Grannie” for her 1 of running. Most people choose to 2 after they retire from work, but Wang Guilan is not one of them. She started 3 at the age of 50, but soon realized it was her love and developed close relationships with other runners. In 2021, she set a new record by becoming the 4 person to ever finish a 168-kilometer marathon. And up to now, she has finished over 100 marathons. Wang Guilan’s impressive achievements have attracted attention from runners of all ages. A runner in his twenties expressed his 5 , saying, “This lady is as old as my grandmother, how can she run so fast?” After running the 110 km marathon with her 6 in 2020, Wang waited for them to 7 for about 5 — 6 hours so that they could 8 the finishing line together. Therefore, this year, she took part in the marathon 9 and chose the longest distance. So why does a 70-year-old stay so 10 that she can achieve things much younger people cannot finish? According to Sina, one 11 is that Wang Guilan runs at least 20 kilometers every day. In addition, she follows a 12 diet and sleeps for at least 8 hours every day to ensure that her body is well-rested and full of energy. Wang Guilan’s love for running has also encouraged many people in China. She has been invited to give 13 at various activities and a film about her life has been made. Her message to everyone is 14 but powerful: “Age is just a number. As long as you have the determination and strong will, you can 15 anything you want to do.” 1. A. cost B. love C. idea D. skill 2. A. relax B. cheat C. debate D. exercise 3. A. living B. working C. running D. winning 4. A. healthiest B. happiest C. slowest D. oldest 5. A. surprise B. happiness C. pride D. worry 6. A. students B. doctors C. friends D. neighbors 7. A. dress up B. make up C. give up D. catch up 8. A. cross B. cut C. draw D. make 9. A. once B. alone C. just D. really 10. A. happy B. calm C. healthy D. upset 11. A. reason B. source C. problem D. solution 12. A. popular B. strict C. traditional D. delicious 13. A. help B. examples C. performances D. speeches 14. A. confusing B. sad C. simple D. hidden 15. A. remind B. achieve C. thank D. think 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. B 【导语】本文讲述了72岁的“超级奶奶”王桂兰因热爱跑步而出名，她50岁开始坚持跑步，跑完了100多场马拉松，鼓舞了无数国人，传递了“年龄只是数字，有心就能成事”的体育精神。 1. 考查名词。句意：72岁的中国妇女王桂兰因对跑步的热爱被称为“超级奶奶”。A. cost花费；B. love热爱；C. idea想法；D. skill技能。根据下文“but soon realized it was her love and developed close relationships with other runners”和“Wang Guilan’s love for running”可知，此处指王桂兰对跑步的热爱。 2. 考查动词。句意：大多数人退休后选择放松，但王桂兰不是这类人。A. relax放松；B. cheat欺骗；C. debate辩论；D. exercise锻炼。根据上文“Most people choose to”和下文“after they retire from work”并结合常识可知，多数人退休后都会选择放松休息。 3. 考查名词。句意：她50岁开始跑步，但很快意识到跑步是自己的热爱，还和其他跑步者建立了亲密关系。A. living生活；B. working工作；C. running跑步；D. winning胜利。全文围绕王桂兰热爱跑步展开，结合后文“developed close relationships with other runners”可知，此处指她开始跑步。 4. 考查形容词。句意：2021年，她创造了新纪录，成为有史以来完成168公里马拉松的年龄最大的人。A. healthiest最健康的；B. happiest最开心的；C. slowest最慢的；D. oldest年龄最大的。根据上文“72-year-old Chinese woman”以及后文“This lady is as old as my grandmother, how can she run so fast?”可知，她的年龄打破了常规马拉松参赛者的年龄限制，是目前完成该距离马拉松年龄最大的人。 5. 考查名词。句意：一名二十多岁的跑步者表达了自己的惊讶，说道：“这位女士和我奶奶年纪一样大，她怎么能跑得这么快？”A. surprise惊讶；B. happiness开心；C. pride骄傲；D. worry担忧。根据这名跑步者发出的疑问“This lady is as old as my grandmother, how can she run so fast?”可知，他对高龄的王桂兰能跑这么快感到十分惊讶。 6. 考查名词。句意：2020年，王桂兰和自己的朋友们一起跑了110公里马拉松之后，她等了朋友们五到六个小时让他们追上来，这样大家就可以一起冲过终点线。A. students学生；B. doctors医生；C. friends朋友；D. neighbors邻居。根据上文“developed close relationships with other runners”可知，王桂兰和其他跑者是好友，所以此处是和朋友们一起参赛。 7. 考查动词短语。句意：同上。A. dress up打扮；B. make up化妆；C. give up放弃；D. catch up赶上。根据上文“Wang waited for them to”和下文“for about 5-6 hours so that they could ____ the finishing line together”可知，王桂兰速度更快，先到了前面，为了大家能够一起冲过终点线，她在前方等朋友们追上来。 8. 考查动词。句意：同上。A. cross穿过；B. cut切割；C. draw画；D. make制作。根据空后“the finishing line together”可知，此处指冲过、穿过终点线，cross the finishing line意为“穿过终点线”。 9. 考查副词。句意：所以今年，她独自参加马拉松，选择了最长的距离。A. once曾经；B. alone独自；C. just仅仅；D. really真正地。上文“After running the 110 km marathon with her _____ in 2020, Wang waited for them to ______ for about 5-6 hours so that they could ______ the finishing line together.”提到和朋友们一起参赛后王桂兰等待大家一起冲线，此处构成因果关系，这一次她为了不等待朋友，选择独自参赛。 10. 考查形容词。句意：那么，为什么一位70岁的老人能保持如此健康，完成很多年轻人都没法完成的事呢？A. happy开心的；B. calm冷静的；C. healthy健康的；D. upset沮丧的。根据上文“she has finished over 100 marathons”和常识可知，能完成长距离马拉松是身体素质好、健康的体现。 11. 考查名词。句意：据新浪网报道，一个原因是王桂兰每天至少跑20公里。A. reason原因；B. source来源；C. problem问题；D. solution解决方法。根据上文“So why does a 70-year-old stay so _____ that she can achieve things much younger people cannot finish?”可知，上文提出疑问“为什么70多岁的她这么健康”，此处给出对应的原因。 12. 考查形容词。句意：另外，她遵守严格的饮食，每天至少睡8个小时，保证身体得到充分休息，充满能量。A. popular受欢迎的；B. strict严格的；C. traditional传统的；D. delicious美味的。根据空后“diet”和常识可知，她70多岁还能跑马拉松，长期保持运动竞技状态需要严格要求自己，因此此处指严格的饮食控制。 13. 考查名词。句意：她被邀请到各类活动做演讲，还有一部讲述她人生的电影被制作出来。A. help帮助；B. examples例子；C. performances表演；D. speeches演讲。根据后文“Her message to everyone”可知，她在活动中向大家传递理念，因此是做演讲。 14. 考查形容词。句意：她传递给所有人的信息简单却有力量：“年龄只是一个数字。只要你有决心和强大的意志，你就能完成任何你想做的事。”A. confusing令人困惑的；B. sad悲伤的；C. simple简单的；D. hidden隐藏的。根据后文“Age is just a number. As long as you have the determination and strong will, you can _____ anything you want to do.”可知，她说的内容很短，但是内核很有力量。 15. 考查动词。句意：同上。A. remind提醒；B. achieve完成，实现；C. thank感谢；D. think思考。根据上文“she can achieve things much younger people cannot finish”可知，此处是原词复现，指实现、完成自己想做的事。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy 词汇 一、阅读词汇 1. immune adj. ________________ 2. aerobic adj. ________________ 3. tai chi n. ________________ 4. carbohydrate n. ________________ 5. crane n. ________________ 6. rooster n. ________________ 7. imitate vt. ________________ 8. philosophy n. ________________ 9. unity n. ________________ 10. soccer n. ________________ 11. skydiving n. ________________ 12. lung n. ________________ 二、写作词汇 1. ________ n. 病，疾病 2. ________ adv. 此外，而且 3. ________ n. 常规，惯例 adj. 常规的，例行的；乏味的 4. ________ n. 肌肉，肌 5. ________ n. 慢跑锻炼 6. ________ n. 滑雪(运动) 7. ________ n. 引体向上 8. ________ n. 骨头，骨 9. ________ n. 体操，体操训练 10. ________ vt. & vi. 伸展，舒展；拉长；伸出；(使)延伸 11. ________ n. 汽油 12. ________ n. 蛋白质 13. ________ prep. 自始至终；各处，遍及 14. ________ n. 汗水 vt. & vi. 出汗，流汗 15. ________ vt. 用……替换；代替，取代；更换，更新 16. ________ n. 运动员 17. ________ n. 拳击运动 18. ________ n. 冠军，第一名 19. ________ adj. 附近的，邻近的 adv. 在附近，不远 20. ________ n. 健身房，体育馆 21. ________ n. 搭档，同伴；伙伴；合伙人 22. ________ n. 处境；位置；姿势；观点；地位 23. ________ adv. 现今，现在 24. ________ vi. & n. 疼痛，隐痛 25. ________ (also backward) adv. 向后；朝反方向 三、拓展词汇 1. ________ n. 祝贺，恭喜；贺词；恭贺→________ vt. 祝贺 2. ________ vt. 假定，认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露→________ n. 假定；设想 3. ________ vi. 往往会；趋向 vt. 照看→________ n. 趋势；倾向；偏好 4. ________ n. 能，能量；精力；能源→________ adj. 精力充沛的，充满活力的 5. ________ n. 伤害，损伤→________ vt. 伤害，损伤→________ adj. 受伤的 6. ________ n. 配备，装备；设备→________ v. 配备；装备 7. ________ vi. & vt. 缺乏，没有，不足，短缺 n. 缺乏，匮乏，短缺→________ adj. 没有的；缺乏的；不足的 8. ________ vt. 宣布，宣告；通知→________ n. 宣布，宣告；通知→________ n. 播音员；宣告者 9. ________ vi. 犹豫，迟疑→________ n. 犹豫，迟疑→________ adj. 犹豫的，踌躇的 10. ________ vt. & vi. 承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入→________ n. 允许进入；承认；入场费 11. ________ vt. 激励，鼓舞；启发思考；使产生(感觉或情感)→________ n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人(或事物)→________ adj. 受鼓舞的→________ adj. 鼓舞人心的 12. ________ vt. & vi. 探究，探索；勘探，勘察→________ n. 探险；探索，探究→________ n. 探险者 13. ________ n. 满意；满足，达到→________ vt. 满足；使满意→________ adj. 令人满意的→________ adj. 满足的；(感到)满意的 14. ________ vi. 存在；生活，生存→________ n. 生存；存在→________ adj. 目前的，现有的 15. ________ vt. & vi. 呼吸；呼出→________ n. 呼吸→________ adj. 气喘吁吁的 16. ________ n. 活动，转动；移动；运动→________ v. 移动 15. ________ vt. 阻止，阻碍→________ n. 预防;阻止,阻碍 16. ________ vt. 维持；维修，保养→________ n. 维护,维修;保持 四、熟词生义 1. bat 熟义：n. 蝙蝠；球棒，球板→生义：vt. & vi. ________________ 2. range熟义：n. (变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区间→生义：n. ________________ 3. tissue熟义：n. (人、动植物细胞的)组织→生义：________________ 4. update熟义：vt.使现代化，更新；向……提供最新信息→生义：n. ________________ 5. court熟义：n. 球场；法院，法庭→生义：________________ 6. plus熟义：prep. 加；和→生义：conj. ________________ 7. master熟义：vt. 精通，掌握；控制→生义：n. ________________ 8. root熟义：vt. & vi. (使)生根 n. 根，根茎→生义：n. ________________ 9. diagram熟义：n. 简图，图解，图表→生义：n. ________________ 10. assume熟义： vt. 假定，认为；承担(责任)，就(职) →生义：vt. ________________ 11. tend熟义：vi. 往往会；趋向→生义：vt. ________________ 12. admit熟义：vt. & vi.承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入→生义：v. ________________ 13. inspiration熟义：n. 灵感→生义：n. ________________ 14. reduce熟义：vt. 减少，缩小→生义：vt. ________________ 15. announce熟义：vt.宣布，宣告；通知；声称→生义：vt. ________________ 五、重点短语 1. ________________创造奇迹，产生神奇作用 2. ________________长期 3. ________________持续，坚持 4. ________________弥补，补偿 5. ________________对……进行最后的润色或修饰 6. ________________对……作出反应；作为对……的回复 7. ________________略有不适，不舒服 8. ________________不足为奇，并不奇怪 9. ________________起源于 写作 句型 1. It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk it作形式主语，that引导主语从句 of diseases. 译文：事实也证明，经常锻炼的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险较低。 2. Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings. 动名词短语作主语 译文：锻炼可以帮助你减轻压力，克服负面情绪。 3. (When you plan an exercise routine), the first thing to consider is When引导时间状语从句 the＋序数词＋n.＋to do...作主语 what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility. what引导表语从句 译文：制订锻炼计划时，首先需要考虑的是你期望在哪些方向有所改善，是心肺功能、肌肉力量还是柔韧性。 4. To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment 动词不定式作状语 祈使句 that引导宾语从句 (when exercising). when引导的状语从句，省略了主语和be 译文：为了防止软组织受伤，锻炼时，要确保你穿戴合适的衣服和护具。 5. Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration sb. be v.-ed to do... from a fight between a snake and a bird. 译文：传说13世纪时，一个叫张三丰的道士从蛇与鸟的缠斗中汲取灵感，创立了太极拳。 6. Tai chi has taught me to relax my mind, enabling me to stay cool in stressful situations. 现在分词短语作结果状语 译文：太极拳教会了我放松大脑，让我在紧张的情况下能保持冷静。 7.[With these requirements of tai chi in mind], I found to my satisfaction that my balance and with复合结构作状语 flexibility slowly improved, that I was able to do more difficult moves, and that my love for tai chi returned stronger than ever. 译文：让我满意的是，记住太极拳的这些要求后，我发现自己的平衡性和柔韧性慢慢有所改善,我能完成难度更大的动作，而且我比以前更喜爱太极拳了。 8.After learning the basics of tai chi in those first few classes, I found myself bored and aching from (find+宾语+宾语补足语) doing the same moves over and over again. 译文：学完前几节太极拳基础课之后，我发现一遍又一遍重复这些相同招式让我心生厌倦，而且肌肉酸痛。 语法 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 写作 写一篇关于锻炼身体的建议信 一、知识点精讲 1. congratulation n. 祝贺, 恭喜; 贺辞; 恭贺 【教材原句】Congratulations! You have just taken your first step towards a new and improved you! 祝贺你! 你已经向新的、更好的自己跨出了第一步! 【词汇拓展】 (1)congratulations(to sb. ) on sth. 祝贺(某人)某事 offer/express/send one’s congratulations to sb.on sth. 因某事向某人表示祝贺 (2)congratulate vt. 祝贺, 庆祝 congratulate sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事 congratulate oneself (on sth.) (为某人自己的成就或成功)感到自豪 【注意】congratulation 常用复数形式，表示“祝贺”。congratulation 可单独使用，也可在其后加介词，接事时用介词 on，接人时用介词to。 Congratulations on your winning the first prize in the Chinese calligraphy contest! 祝贺你在中国书法比赛中获得第一名！ I’m writing this email to congratulate you on your passing the final exam. 我写这封邮件是为了祝贺你通过了期末考试。 2. assume vt. 假定,认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露 【教材原句】Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind—but what exactly are its health benefits? 大多数人都认为经常锻炼对身心大有益处——不过,锻炼究竟对健康有哪些好处呢? 【词汇拓展】 (1)assume (that)...　　　认为/假设…… assume+sb.+to be... 认为/假设某人是…… It is assumed that... 人们认为…… assuming that 假设/如果 (2)assumption n.假设,设想 on the assumption that... 基于……的假定 Let’s assume him to be late for the meeting. What will happen then? 让我们假设他开会迟到。然后会发生什么呢? It is generally assumed that we should well preserve those buildings which are of great significance. 人们普遍认为我们应该保护好这些具有重要意义的古建筑。 Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the assumption that you’ve made. 试着去理解实际正在发生的事情,而不是按照你做出的假设去行动。 【拓展】assuming以及suppose, supposing, providing, provided后可直接跟从句，相当于if和on condition that引导的条件状语从句。 3.tend vi. 往往会; 趋向 vt. 照看 【教材原句】It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. 事实也证明，定期运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统,患病的风险较 【词汇拓展】 (1)tend to do sth.　 　　倾向于做某事 tend sb./sth. 照料/照看某人/某物 tend to/towards 趋向……,趋于…… (2)tendency n. 倾向, 趋势 have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向 There is a tendency to (do)/towards sth. 有一种(做)……的趋势/倾向 What moved me most was the selflessness and devotion of Ms Wang, who tended (to) my mother in the hospital. 最让我感动的是在医院照顾我母亲的王女士的无私和奉献。 As a Senior 3 student，it is normal that you have a tendency to get anxious with time going by. 作为一名高三学生，随着时间的推移，你会有感到焦虑的倾向，这很正常。 4.range n. (变动或浮动的)范围, 界限, 区间; 一系列 vi. 变化, 变动, 包括 【教材原句】Flexibility training, including gymnastics and tai chi, helps stretch your muscles and improve your body’s range of movement. 体操和太极拳等柔韧性训练有助于伸展肌肉,加大身体活动范围。 【词汇拓展】 (1)a wide/full range of　 各种各样的 within/in (one’s) range of 在可及的范围内 out of/beyond one’s range=out of/beyond the range of sb. 超出某人的承受范围 (2)range from...to... 在……到……范围内变化 range between...and... 在……与……之间变化 When driving on highways，the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of 60km/h and 120km/h. His interests range from playing football to listening to music. 他的爱好从踢足球到听音乐。 [巧学助记] 5. prevent vt. 阻止, 阻碍 【教材原句】To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. 为了防止软组织受伤,运动时你一定要穿合适的衣服,戴合适的装备。 【词汇拓展】 prevent sb.from doing sth.　 阻止某人做某事 prevention n. 阻止, 预防 preventable adj. 可预防的;可防止的 It was cold outside, but it didn’t prevent him from going out to collect food for the homeless children. 外面很冷, 但这并不妨碍他出去为无家可归的孩子们收集食物。 We should attach great importance to pollution prevention and control, and improve the living and working environment for our people. 我们应高度重视污染防治,改善人民生活和工作环境。 【易混辨析】prevent sb.from doing sth.与stop sb.from doing sth.用法相同，在主动语态中from可以省略，被动语态中不能省略。keep sb.from doing sth.中的from无论在主动语态中还是在被动语态中都不能省略。 6. reduce vt. 减少，缩小；使陷入；迫使 【教材原句】Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings. 锻炼身体可以帮助你减轻压力,克服消极情绪。 【词汇拓展】 be reduced to ...减少到…… be reduced by...减少了…… be reduced to (doing) sth.陷入某种境地;沦落到做某事 reduction n.减少;降低;缩小 After vaccination, the death rate was reduced to 0.14 percent. 接种疫苗后,死亡率降到了0.14%。 When he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 当他看到河中升起的薄雾和山顶周围柔软的云时,他流泪了。 7. make up for弥补，补偿 【教材原句】Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost to sweat. 记住运动时全程都要喝水，以弥补流汗所造成的水分流失。 【词汇拓展】 make it 及时到达；获得成功；设法做成 make up 组成；编造；化妆；和好 make out 理解；弄清；填写 make sense 讲得通，有意义 make one's way (to) 前往 make use of 利用，使用 We have the dream and work hard. We will make it！ 我们有梦想、肯努力。我们会成功的！ We don't like him because he is always making up excuses whenever he makes mistakes. 我们都不喜欢他，因为每次犯了错误他总能编造出借口。 It makes sense to pay off your debts before you start trying to save money. 在你开始存钱之前先还清你的债务是明智的。 8. injury n. 伤害，损伤 【教材原句】To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. 为了防止软组织受伤，运动时一定要配备合适的衣服和器材。 【词汇拓展】 (1)do sb./oneself an injury＝do an injury to sb./oneself 使某人/自己受伤害 (2)injure v. 使受伤，弄伤 injured adj. 受伤的 get/be injured 受伤 the injured 伤员 He got injured during the basketball match，which made all of us worried. 他在篮球比赛中受伤了，这使我们都很担心。 After the accident，the ambulance took the injured to the nearby hospital. 事故发生后，救护车把伤者送到了附近的一家医院。 [易混辨析] injure 多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害 wound 指人在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉受到的伤害 hurt 多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛 harm 指身体或精神上受到的损害或对周围事物造成的危害，意为“伤害，损害”。常用短语do harm to，意为“对……有害” 9. equipment n. 设备；配备，装备 【教材原句】To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. 为了防止软组织受伤,你运动时一定要穿合适的衣服和护具。 【词汇拓展】 (1)a piece of equipment　 一件设备 (2)equip sb. with sth. 用某物配备/装备某人 equip...for.../to do... 为了(做)……而装备 be equipped with... 配备有…… 【易错提示】 ①equip的过去式和过去分词均为equipped； ②equipment为不可数名词，“一件设备”表示为a piece of equipment； ③要以被装备的对象作宾语，不能以装备物作宾语，其句型通常为“equip＋装备对象＋with＋装备物”：We are going to equip the room with air­conditioning. 我们打算给这个房间装上空调。注意不说We are going to equip air­conditioning in the room. Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.我们学校提供良好的设备,你将为你未来的工作配备良好的知识和技能。 10. lack n. 缺乏；匮乏 vi. & vt. 缺乏，短缺，不足，没有 【教材原句】 Others work out for hours at the weekend to make up for their lack of exercise during the weekdays. 另一些人在周末锻炼几个小时，以弥补他们在工作日缺乏的锻炼。 【词汇拓展】 (a) lack of 缺少…… for lack of 由于缺少…… ·lack sth. 缺乏…… lacking adj. 缺乏的；缺少的 ·be lacking in 缺少…… This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. 这就是动机或缺乏动机所能做到的。 Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to a key university. 尽管缺钱，他的父母还是设法把他送进了一所重点大学。 [易错提示]lack作动词时，是及物动词，其后直接跟宾语。lack作名词时，其后跟介词of。 11. announce vt. 宣布，宣告；通知 【教材原句】We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again! 我们高兴地宣布,社区体育中心将于近期再度向公众开放! 【词汇拓展】 (1)announce sth.(to sb.) (向某人)宣布/通告某事 announce that... 宣布……；通知…… It is/was announced that... 据宣布…… (2)announcement n. 通告；公告 make an announcement 宣布；下通知 (3)announcer n. 广播员；播音员 I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it. 阅读了你们在网上发布的夏令营公告，我对此很感兴趣。 It is wise to announce the news to the public. 把这则消息告知公众是明智的。 It was announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced. 据宣布，将有新的限速规定出台。 [易错提示]动词announce后不跟双宾语，表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announce sth.to sb.或announce to sb.sth.；类似用法的单词还有suggest，explain, report等。 12. hesitate vi. 犹豫，迟疑 【教材原句】When my friend first suggested that we join the new Tai Chi Club at school, I hesitated. 当我的朋友第一次建议我们加入学校里新的太极俱乐部时，我犹豫了一下。 【词汇拓展】 (1)hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事；不愿做某事 hesitate about/over (doing) sth. (做)某事犹豫不决 (2)hesitation n. 犹豫，迟疑 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth. 很乐意做某事 She hesitated about/over the choice between the two dresses. 她对到底选择这两件连衣裙中的哪一件犹豫不决。 We are at your service. Don't hesitate to turn to us if you have any further problems. 我们随时为您服务。如果您还有问题的话，请尽管来找我们。 The Mullers gave their phone number to the street people without hesitation and told them to phone anytime. 穆勒夫妇毫不犹豫地把电话号码给那些街上(需要帮助)的人，并告诉他们可以随时打电话。 13. admit vt. & vi. 承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入 【教材原句】After the first class, however, I had to admit that I had been wrong about tai chi. 然而，第一节课后，我不得不承认我对太极的看法是错误的。 【词汇拓展】 (1)admit doing sth./having done sth. 承认做了某事 admit sth./that... 承认/认可…… admit sb.into... 允许某人进入…… be admitted to/into 被(某校)录取；允许进入 (2)admission n. [C]承认，供认；[U, C] 准许加入；[U] 入场费 She apologized to me and admitted taking/having taken my umbrella by mistake. 她向我道歉并承认错拿了我的伞。 You will not be admitted to the theatre after the performance has started. 演出开始后，你将不能进入剧场。 How does one gain admission to this library？ 怎样才能获准进入这个图书馆？ 14. inspire vt. 激励，鼓舞；启发思考；使产生(感觉或情感) 【教材原句】Just as importantly, practising tai chi has inspired me to explore the Chinese culture behind it. 同样重要的是，练太极拳激发了我去探索它背后的中国文化。 【词汇拓展】 (1)inspire sb.with 用……激励/启发某人 inspire sb.to do sth. 激励某人做某事 (2)inspiration n. 灵感；启发 (3)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的，激励的 inspired adj. 品质优秀的；有灵感的 He delivered his New Year's speech in 2021, which inspired the whole country to work harder. 他发表了2021年新年贺词，激励着全国人民更加努力工作。 Both poets drew their inspiration from the countryside. 两位诗人都是从乡村得到他们的灵感的。 15. no wonder 不足为奇，并不奇怪 【教材原句】No wonder some tai chi moves are named after animals—Chinese martial arts have a long­standing practice of imitating animals.中国武术有着模仿动物的悠久传统，一些太极动作以动物命名也就不足为奇了。 【词汇拓展】 (1)wonder n. 奇迹；奇观；惊奇 It's no wonder (that) 难怪……；一点也不奇怪…… (2)wonder v. 想知道；对……感到惊奇；对……感到疑惑 wonder at/about...对……感到惊奇 wonder if/whether/how/wh­从句 想知道…… I intend to join a Dragon Boat Training Camp. I wonder if you'd like to go with me. 我打算参加龙舟训练营。我想知道你是否愿意和我一起参加。 He hasn't slept at all for three days. It is no wonder (that) he is tired out. 他已经三天没有睡觉了。难怪他很疲倦。 16. 状语从句中的省略 【教材原句】To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. 为了防止软组织受伤，运动时一定要配备合适的衣服和器材。 【句型分析】这是一个复合句。that引导宾语从句，其中when exercising是状语从句的省略形式，补全应为：when you are exercising。 (1)状语从句中的省略： 从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语中含有be动词的某种形式时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。 从句的主语是it，从句的谓语中含有be动词的某种形式时，可以把it和be动词一起省略。 (2)if从句的省略形式： if necessary如果有必要的话 if so如果是这样的话 if anybody/anyone若有(任何)人的话 if any如果有的话 if ever如果有过的话 if anything如果有什么的话 if not如果不是这样的话；不然的话 if possible如果可能的话 He was very near­sighted. While reading the text, the top of his nose would touch the book. 他近视得很厉害。朗读课文的时候，他的鼻尖几乎贴在课本上。 I have never been late for work; if ever, it is due to some special reasons. 我上班从来没有迟到过，如果有过的话，那也是因为一些特殊的原因。 [巧学助记]状语从句省略口诀 省略句真容易，符合两条就可以； 从句谓语含有be，两句主语一样的； 从句若有it be，照样省去不迟疑； 选择­ed或­ing，主动被动辨仔细。 17. “be＋said ＋不定式”结构 【教材原句】Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird. 传说13世纪时，一个叫张三丰的道士从蛇与鸟的缠斗中汲取灵感，创立了太极拳。 【句式分析】 句中was said to have invented 为句型：sb./sth.be said to do sth.，意为“据说……”。 sb. be said to have done sth.＝it is/was said that sb. have/has/had done sth. ·类似用法的句型： ①sb./sth.be believed/reported/thought to do... ＝ it is/was believed/reported/thought that sb./sth.do/did... 大家都相信/据报道/大家公认某人/某物做…… ②sb./sth.be+＋to＋ Chinese writer, Mo Yan, was reported to have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. 据报道，中国作家莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖。 To our satisfaction，a health care project is reported to provide treatment at half cost. 令我们满意的是，据报道，一个保健项目以半价提供治疗。 Tom was said to have been recommended to the sports committee./It was said that Tom had been recommended to the sports committee. 据说汤姆已被推荐给体育委员会。 二、核心语法精讲 弄思维导图 一、现在进行时的被动语态的基本结构 The fast food delivery service, new and emerging, is being chased by many food business tycoons. 新兴快餐外卖服务正受到很多餐饮巨头的追捧。 Is the house being painted by him now? 他现在正粉刷房子吗? Where is the lecture being given by Professor Smith? 史密斯教授正在哪里作报告? 二、现在进行时的被动语态的基本用法 1.表示现在正在进行的被动动作,经常和时间副词now (现在), right now (现在, 此刻), at this moment (此刻)及祈使动词如look, listen等连用。 2.表示现阶段正在被进行的动作,但该动作不一定在此时此刻发生。 3.表示按计划主语将要承受的某个动作。 4.表示经常的被动行为,常和always, often, constantly 等词连用,表达某种感情色彩。 5.“be (am/is/are) + under/in/on + n.”有时可相当于现在进行时的被动语态。 A birthday party is being held for her tonight. 今晚将要为她举行一场生日聚会。 Look! Many trees are being planted by students over there. 看!那边学生们正在种植很多树木。 Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed. 自适应信号能确保那里现有的交通需求得到解决。 He is always being praised by the teacher. 他总是得到老师的表扬。 Many new inventions are on exhibition.= Many new inventions are being exhibited. 许多新发明正在展出。 【注意】一些表示“状态、心理活动、拥有、存在”等的动词, 一般不用现在进行时的被动语态, 而常用一般现在时的被动语态。 三、现在完成时的被动语态的基本结构 However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health. 然而,关于膳食时间和运动可能是如何影响整体健康的,我们知之甚少。 Has her work been finished? 她的工作完成了吗? --Yes, it has./No, it hasn’t. --是的,完成了。/不,没有完成。 How long has her work been finished? 她的工作完成有多久了? 四、现在完成时的被动语态的基本用法 1.表示某一动作在说话之前已经被完成,强调该动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 The door has been locked. 门被锁上了。(结果是现在没有人能进去) 2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能将持续下去,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于How long句型中。例如: The old man has been looked after for twenty years. 这位老人已经被照顾20年了 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元主题语境是人与自我，单元话题是运动健康。本单元的写作话题是提供身体锻炼方面的建议。提供身体锻炼方面的建议是英语书面表达中的常见话题,主要涉及锻炼身体的益处、 方法和注意事项。体裁可以是应用文、议论文等。 2. 写作框架 3. 写作素材 (1)话题词汇 work out/take exercise regularly 定期锻炼 as a matter of routine 例行公事 physical exercise 身体锻炼 full of energy 精力充沛 build up one’s body 强身健体 develop a habit of 养成……的习惯 in good health 身体状况良好 contribute to 促进,有利于 improve one’s health 增进某人的健康 stay in shape 保持体形 outdoor activities 户外活动 keep healthy/fit 保持健康 (2)话题句式 开头首段： ①I’m sorry to hear that you are suffering from bad health. 听说你身体不好,我很难过。 ②I’m writing to offer you my advice/tips/suggestions on how to keep healthy. 我写信是想给你提供关于如何保持健康的建议。 ③Would you be kind enough to give me some advice/tips/suggestions on how to build up my body? 你能给我一些关于如何强身健体的建议吗? 中间主体段： ①I suggest that you should choose an activity that you like. 我建议你选择一个你喜欢的活动。 ②If I were you, I would try tai chi. 如果我是你,我会尝试一下太极。 ③It might be a good idea to find a partner with whom you can exercise. 找一个可以和你一块锻炼的搭档或许是个好主意。 ④How about playing basketball in your free time? 在你空闲的时候打篮球怎么样? 结尾总结段。 ①I hope my suggestion can be of help to you. 希望我的建议对你有帮助。 ②I think you can make it if you follow the above advice. 如果你听从以上建议,我认为你会成功的。 (3)范文背诵 假定你是李华。你的笔友林涛来信说,因学习忙、锻炼少,最近经常生病,影响学习。请根据提示写一封英文回信。要点包括: 　　1.锻炼的重要性;2.提出锻炼建议。 注意:1.词数 80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 Dear Lin Tao, Having learned that you have been sick/under the weather for days, I am writing to give you some advice on how to build up your body.  Exercise can improve your physical conditions and ease your mind. Only when you are in good health can you carry on studying and increase your study efficiency. First of all,I suggest that you take at least one hour’s exercise every day, and make a detailed schedule for your exercise, which can help you stick with an exercise routine. Besides, it might be a good idea to join a sports club in your school. Last but not least, you can download an App to monitor your exercise.  I hope you will find the advice helpful. I would be very pleased to see you have a stronger body. Sincerely yours, Li Hua 易错点01 不同的 “庆祝” 【错因辨析】congratulate/celebrate congratulate “祝贺;道贺”,只能用人作宾语,若要表明所祝贺的事情,后面要用on/upon连接,构成congratulate sb.on/upon sth. celebrate 举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝”,只能用事物(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语 【对点训练】 1. Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to ________ the first annual International Jazz Day. 2. I think I should ________ you on your winning the gold medal in the 100-meter dash. 易错点02 arrange的不同含义 【错因辨析】energy/power/strength/force energy 主要指人的精力、活力和自然界的能源、能量 power 常用来指能源、动力、权力、影响力等 strength 指某人或某物所具有的内在力量,如体力、力气、意志力量 force 常指暴力、武装力量,也可指兵力和军队 【对点训练】 1. Matters of this kind should be solved in a peaceful way instead of by means of ________. 2. She interviewed six women who had reached positions of great ________ and influence. 3. Some experts say that eating smaller meals more often throughout the day can help maintain ________ and balance blood sugar levels. 4. When you can learn to appreciate the challenges in life, you will have a remarkable inner ________. 易错点03 【错因辨析】injure/wound/hurt/harm injure 表示身体或精神上各种性质及任何程度的伤害, 多表示意外受伤 wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤, 是出血的、严重的伤, 尤其指用武器有意造成的伤口、伤疤或战场上受伤 hurt 多用来表示伤害身体或某一部位, 或表示剧烈的疼痛或精神上受到伤害 harm 表示人的心理、健康、权利或事业上的损害, 程度较轻 【对点训练】 1. The man in his car ________(injure)by the big stone rolling down in the landslide yesterday.  2. Smoking seriously ________ his health. 3. His words ________ my feelings. 4. The bullet ________ him in the shoulder. 易错点04 the reason why…/ the reason why… is that… 【错因辨析】 (1)That/This/It is why...“那/这就是……的原因”,why从句表示结果;That/This/It is because...“那/这是因为……”,because从句表示原因。 (2)主语为名词reason时,表语从句中的连接词要用that,而不用why或because。 【对点训练】 1. He gave us a reason ________ sounded reasonable. 2. No one says realizing your dreams is easy; it’s not. That is ________ so many people end up quitting. 一、默写重点单词 1. ________ adv. 此外，而且 2. ________ vt. 减少，缩小 3. ________ n. 常规，惯例 adj. 常规的，例行的；乏味的 4. ________ vt. & vi. 伸展，舒展；拉长；伸出；(使)延伸 5. ________ n. (变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区间；一系列 6. ________ n. 平均水平，一般水准 adj. 平均的；典型的 7. ________ prep. 自始至终；各处，遍及 8. ________ n. 汗水 vt. & vi. 出汗，流汗 9. ________ vt. 阻止，阻碍 10. ________ vt. 维持；维修，保养 11. ________ vt. 使现代化，更新；向……提供最新信息 n. 最新消息 12. ________ vt. 用……替换；代替，取代；更换，更新 13. ________ n. 处境；位置；姿势；观点；地位 14. ________ n. 大师，能手；主人 vt. 精通，掌握；控制 15. ________ vt. & vi. (使)生根 n. 根，根茎；根源，起因 二、词汇运用 1. When someone gets a prize, we should say “C________! ” to him. 2. You are most likely to keep your weight down if you include walking into your daily ________(常规). 3. My brother always ________(趋向，易于) to be curious about everything around. 4. You should apologize to your mother, as she has done nothing wrong to ________(阻挡，防止) you from Internet addiction. 5. One has to work hard to ________(掌握) a foreign language. 6. Please don’t h________ to contact me if you have any questions. 7. My deskmate Wang Tao is so outstanding that we are sure he will be a________ into Peking University or Qinghua University. 8. When the successful woman reached her seventies, she looked backed on her career with great ________(满意). 9. An artist i________(受启发) by the scene painted this beautiful picture. 10. Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the ________(职位). 11. After all the delays, we were anxious to make ________ for lost time. 12. ________(jog) is perhaps an effective way of keeping you slim. 13. ________(lack) enthusiasm for sports, she rejected the invitation to a football game. 14. You can buy anything you want online, ________(range) from food and drink to clothes and even cards. 15. In the northern state of Astrakhan, the forest department is using drones(无人机) to keep track of animals’ ________(move). 16. To my great ________( satisfy), I have made great progress in my English. 17. I like to live in the countryside where the air is good to ________(breath). 18. Some people think it’s wrong to spend money on ________(explore) space. 19. So ________(master) English means we can see the world through a new window. 20. Li decided out of love to return it to the wild, a decision ________(root) in respect rather than possession. 三、重点句型 1. ________________________ active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. 事实也证明，经常锻炼的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险较低。 2. When you plan an exercise routine, ________________________ is what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility. 制订锻炼计划时，首先需要考虑的是你期望在哪些方向有所改善，是心肺功能、肌肉力量还是柔韧性。 3. To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment ________________. 为了防止软组织受伤，锻炼时，要确保你穿戴合适的衣服和护具。 4. Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taoist, ________________________ tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird. 传说13世纪时，一个叫张三丰的道士从蛇与鸟的缠斗中汲取灵感，创立了太极拳。 5. Tai chi has taught me to relax my mind, ________________________________. 太极拳教会了我放松大脑，让我在紧张的情况下能保持冷静。 四、课文语法填空 Reading The following is advice for beginners 1. ________(exercise). First of all, you should understand the 2.________(benefit) of exercise, 3.________ can increase the efficiency of your heart and lungs, and is good for your mental health. Some studies 4.________(show) that exercise can help you have 5. ________ better 6.________(perform) at school. Secondly, as for your exercise routine, you should consider 7.________ you expect to improve and choose activities you enjoy. Thirdly, eating and drinking right is 8. ________ great importance. At last, you should wear proper clothes and 9. ________(equip) to prevent soft tissue injury. You are also expected to warm up before 10.________(exercise) and stretch at the end of your workout. Extended reading I hesitated when I was first advised 1.________(join) the tai chi club. 2.________, after the first class, I 3.________(attract) by it and inspired to explore the Chinese culture behind it. My coach told me that Zhang Sanfeng drew 4.________(inspire) from a fight between a snake 5.________ a bird. Some people believe Chen Wangting developed tai chi 6.________(base) on martial arts skills. After my own study, I found that tai chi is 7.________(deep) rooted in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang, the equal and opposite forces 8.________ make up the world. 9.________ wonder that it can bring a state of physical balance and mental peace. It is obviously true that 10.________(practise) tai chi can bring me many benefits. 五、阅读理解 A Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times. However, it’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn when walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. In her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice. 1. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes? A. They must run long distances. B. They have to follow special rules. C. They are qualified for the marathon. D. They are good at swinging their legs. 2. What advantage does race walking have over running? A. It’s more popular at the Olympics. B. It’s less challenging physically. C. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries. D. It’s more effective in body building. 3. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking? A. Doing regular exercises. B. Having a medical checkup. C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Getting experts’ opinions. 4. What’s the best title of the passage? A. Race Walking: Fitness Benefits and Form Challenges B. Running VS. Race Walking: Which Burns More Calories? C. Avoiding Injuries: Why Race Walking Might be safer Than Running? D. The Unusual Feature of Race Walking B Whizzing(嗖嗖掠过) through Beijing’s streets on his electric scooter, 24-year-old Wang Linbo is on his way to a lesson at a customer’s home. He is not a food delivery driver, but a physical trainer hired by parents to provide sports coaching for their children. Wang is part of a growing trend in China’s cities, where parents concerned about their children’s lack of exercise are turning to on-demand fitness services. With many families having packed schedules, these mobile coaches bring professional training directly to local communities. A graduate of Beijing Sport University, Wang works during peak hours from 4 to 9 pm, teaching children skills like rope skipping, running, and fitness conditioning in residential compounds or parks. “This model saves parents’ time traveling to gyms, offers kids convenient exercise, and gives me fulfillment through one-on-one interaction,” said Wang. He sees this service as an innovative approach — certified trainers adapt workouts to spaces like sidewalks, rooftops, or community grounds, making professional coaching accessible outside traditional sports venues (场所). Wang’s colleague, Xia Yun, 27, works for a sports education company in Shenzhen. Initially considering the job part-time, Xia soon found it provided stable income and flexible hours. “The flexibility and stability convinced me to stay,” he noted. Both trainers regard doorstep coaching as a promising industry. According to a market research report, the potential(潜在的) youth sports training market covers 130 million children, with an estimated value of about 235 billion yuan. Huang Ling, founder of One Jump Sports, said their goal is to support national fitness campaigns by offering “high-quality, convenient, and inclusive sports services for young people.” She also called on the government to strengthen oversight(监督) of this newly developed field to ensure safe and sustainable growth. 5. Why do parents hire coaches like Wang? A. To prepare children for sports competitions B. To replace school physical education classes C. To help children make friends with peers D. To provide children with exercise opportunities 6. What does the word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. Offering door-to-door coaching B. Joining a sports company C. Doing a part-time job D. Managing personal time 7. What can be inferred about the youth sports training industry? A. It has a bright future B. It faces strong competition C. It’s popular in major cities D. It relies on government funding 8. What does Huang Ling stress in the last paragraph? A. The need for governing this industry strictly B. The plan to focus their services on young people C. The goal of building more national gyms D. The need to make their services more affordable 六、完形填空 Wang Guilan, a 72-year-old Chinese woman, has been known as “Super Grannie” for her 1 of running. Most people choose to 2 after they retire from work, but Wang Guilan is not one of them. She started 3 at the age of 50, but soon realized it was her love and developed close relationships with other runners. In 2021, she set a new record by becoming the 4 person to ever finish a 168-kilometer marathon. And up to now, she has finished over 100 marathons. Wang Guilan’s impressive achievements have attracted attention from runners of all ages. A runner in his twenties expressed his 5 , saying, “This lady is as old as my grandmother, how can she run so fast?” After running the 110 km marathon with her 6 in 2020, Wang waited for them to 7 for about 5 — 6 hours so that they could 8 the finishing line together. Therefore, this year, she took part in the marathon 9 and chose the longest distance. So why does a 70-year-old stay so 10 that she can achieve things much younger people cannot finish? According to Sina, one 11 is that Wang Guilan runs at least 20 kilometers every day. In addition, she follows a 12 diet and sleeps for at least 8 hours every day to ensure that her body is well-rested and full of energy. Wang Guilan’s love for running has also encouraged many people in China. She has been invited to give 13 at various activities and a film about her life has been made. Her message to everyone is 14 but powerful: “Age is just a number. As long as you have the determination and strong will, you can 15 anything you want to do.” 1. A. cost B. love C. idea D. skill 2. A. relax B. cheat C. debate D. exercise 3. A. living B. working C. running D. winning 4. A. healthiest B. happiest C. slowest D. oldest 5. A. surprise B. happiness C. pride D. worry 6. A. students B. doctors C. friends D. neighbors 7. A. dress up B. make up C. give up D. catch up 8. A. cross B. cut C. draw D. make 9. A. once B. alone C. just D. really 10. A. happy B. calm C. healthy D. upset 11. A. reason B. source C. problem D. solution 12. A. popular B. strict C. traditional D. delicious 13. A. help B. examples C. performances D. speeches 14. A. confusing B. sad C. simple D. hidden 15. A. remind B. achieve C. thank D. think 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $