专题02 Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语译林版必修第二册

该高中英语高考复习学案聚焦12个高考高频词汇，以"少年运动员成长"语境为线索串联athlete、champion等核心考点，通过词根拆解、词性变化总表系统梳理词形词义关联，引导学生自主构建"词汇-语境-考点"知识网络，体现考点梳理的系统性和层次性。 亮点在于多维度自主学习设计，如语境复现语法填空整合真题改编题，知识点默写与自我检测环节助力学生精准诊断薄弱点，培养语言能力和学习能力。关联阅读与写作词汇升级活动提升思维品质，教师可依据学生自测结果实施分层指导，有效支持因材施教。

专题02【语境串考点】第二单元备考学案（译林版2019） 高考高频知识点：athlete / champion / maintain / prevent / reduce / disease / injury / routine / admit / assume / tend / hesitate （知识点来源：必修第二册 Unit 2 · Be sporty, be healthy + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 12 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 12 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 13 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Every young athlete dreams of becoming a champion, yet few know that a simple daily routine matters far more than one lucky match. Doctors often say that regular exercise helps us maintain a strong body, keeps disease away and can prevent many health problems in later life. Twenty minutes of running a day can reduce stress, while a proper warm-up helps you avoid a painful injury. Beginners tend to start too fast, and many hesitate to ask for help. Most coaches admit that a slow start is wiser, so never assume that pain alone means real progress. 【中文译文】 每一个年轻的（athlete）运动员都梦想成为（champion）冠军，却很少有人明白：一份简单的日常（routine）例行训练，远比一场幸运的比赛更重要。医生常说，规律运动能帮我们（maintain）保持强健的体魄，把（disease）疾病挡在门外，还能（prevent）预防许多日后的健康问题。 每天二十分钟的跑步就能（reduce）减少压力，而充分的热身能帮你避免一次痛苦的（injury）受伤。初学者往往（tend）倾向于起步过快，也有不少人（hesitate）犹豫着不敢求助。多数教练都（admit）承认慢起步更明智，所以千万不要（assume）想当然地认为疼痛本身就意味着真正的进步。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：少年运动员→梦想夺冠→日常规律→保持体魄→远离疾病→预防隐患→减轻压力→避免受伤→倾向冒进→犹豫求助→教练承认→切勿臆断 记忆链：athlete → champion → routine → maintain → disease → prevent → reduce → injury → tend → hesitate → admit → assume Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 athlete /ˈæθliːt/ n. 运动员；体育健将 ⚡考点：a conditioned athlete 训练有素的运动员；professional athletes；athletic adj. 运动的；健壮的；athletics n. 田径运动 2 champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/ n. 冠军；捍卫者 vt. 拥护 ⚡考点：the world champion；win the championship 夺冠；a champion of human rights 人权捍卫者 3 maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ vt. 保持；维持；保养；坚持认为 ⚡考点：maintain a healthy weight；maintain that + 从句（坚持认为）；maintenance n. 维护；保养 4 prevent /prɪˈvent/ vt. 阻止；防止；预防 ⚡考点：prevent sb. from doing sth.（from可省，被动不可省）；prevention n. 预防；preventive adj. 预防性的 5 reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt. 减少；降低；使沦落 ⚡考点：reduce the risk of；reduce sth. by/to；be reduced to doing 沦落到；reduction n. 减少 6 disease /dɪˈziːz/ n. 疾病；病害 ⚡考点：heart/brain disease；suffer from a disease；at a higher risk of disease；diseased adj. 患病的 7 injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ n. 伤害；损伤 ⚡考点：suffer an injury；contribute to fewer injuries；injure v. 伤害；the injured 伤员；be badly injured 8 routine /ruːˈtiːn/ n. 常规；例行程序 adj. 例行的 ⚡考点：daily routine 日常事务；a routine check 例行检查；as a matter of routine；routinely adv. 例行地 9 admit /ədˈmɪt/ vt. 承认；准许进入；容纳 ⚡考点：admit doing/having done；admit that；be admitted to/into 被录取；admission n. 承认；入场 10 assume /əˈsjuːm/ vt. 假定；认为；承担；呈现 ⚡考点：assume that；assuming (that) 假设；assume responsibility 承担责任；assumption n. 假设 11 tend /tend/ vi. 倾向；往往会 vt. 照料；护理 ⚡考点：tend to do sth. 往往会做；tend to sb./sth. 照料；tendency n. 倾向（a tendency to do） 12 hesitate /ˈhezɪteɪt/ vi. 犹豫；迟疑 ⚡考点：hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事；hesitate about/over；without hesitation 毫不犹豫；hesitant adj. 犹豫的 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. athlete /ˈæθliːt/ n. 运动员；体育健将 【核心考点】 athlete是体育健康话题的核心名词，阅读理解与读后续写高频。a conditioned athlete（训练有素的运动员）、a professional/an amateur athlete（职业/业余运动员）、Olympic athletes（奥运选手）。形容词athletic adj.（运动的；体格健壮的）→ an athletic build（健美的体格）、athletic ability（运动能力）；名词athletics n.（田径运动；体育运动，作"田径"讲时作单数）。辨析：athlete（泛指从事各类体育运动、经过训练的运动员）vs player（球类项目的选手）vs sportsman（体育爱好者，也指有体育精神的人）vs competitor（同场竞技的对手）。注意重音在首音节，且第二音节读长音/iː/。 【词根联想】 athl-（希腊语athlos"竞赛；奖赏"）+ -ete（表人后缀）→ 为奖品而竞赛的人→ 运动员。联想：athl"竞赛"→ athlete（运动员）、athletic（运动的）、athletics（田径）；同类表人后缀-ete/-ate→ delegate（代表）、graduate（毕业生）、candidate（候选人）。 【真题原句】 （2020·全国Ⅰ卷·阅读C·竞走说明文首段·athlete表"运动员"）"Race walkers are conditioned athletes."（竞走选手都是训练有素的运动员。）（真题原句·athlete 运动员） 【搭配词块】 a conditioned athlete 训练有素的运动员 / professional athletes 职业运动员 / athletic adj. 运动的 / athletics n. 田径运动 2. champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/ n. 冠军；优胜者；捍卫者 vt. 拥护；支持 【核心考点】 champion既表"冠军"，也表"（某种事业的）捍卫者、倡导者"，是体育与议论文双语境词。the world/national champion（世界/全国冠军）、the defending champion（卫冕冠军）、become a champion（夺冠）。派生名词championship n.（锦标赛；冠军称号）→ win the championship（赢得锦标赛冠军）。作动词时champion a cause（拥护一项事业）、champion the rights of（捍卫…的权利）。辨析：champion（比赛的最终获胜者，强调头衔）vs winner（任何比赛或抽奖的获胜者，范围最广）vs runner-up（亚军）vs medalist（奖牌获得者）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语campus"（角斗）场地"→ campio"在场地上战斗的人"→ 决斗获胜者→ 冠军；捍卫者。联想：camp"场地"→ camp（营地）、campus（校园→大学的场地）、campaign（战役；运动→在原野上作战）、champion（斗士→冠军）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：champion n. 捍卫者；倡导者 vt. 拥护；为…而战。熟义"冠军"之外，champion在社会类文章中常指为弱势群体或某种主张挺身而出的人，如a champion of the poor（穷人的捍卫者）、champion equal education（倡导教育公平）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"No one becomes a champion overnight; every medal is built on years of quiet practice."（没有人能一夜之间成为冠军，每一枚奖牌都建立在多年默默的训练之上。）（经典原句·champion 冠军） 【搭配词块】 the world champion 世界冠军 / win the championship 赢得冠军 / a defending champion 卫冕冠军 / champion a cause 拥护事业 3. maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ vt. 保持；维持；保养；坚持认为 【核心考点】 maintain是状态延续与观点表达的双高频动词，语法填空常考其名词形式。maintain a healthy weight/a balanced diet/good habits（保持健康体重/均衡饮食/良好习惯）；maintain order/contact with sb.（维持秩序/保持联系）；maintain the equipment（保养设备）；maintain that + 从句（坚持认为，后接观点，相当于insist that，但不用虚拟语气）。名词maintenance n.（维护；保养；生活费）→ regular maintenance（定期保养）。辨析：maintain（使某状态持续不变，或保养设备）vs keep（最普通的"保持"）vs preserve（保存文物、传统，防其消失）vs sustain（支撑；使长期维持，如sustainable development）。 【词根联想】 main-（源自拉丁语manus"手"）+ tain（tenere"握住，hold"）→ 用手牢牢握住→ 维持；保持。联想：tain/ten"握"→ contain（容纳→一起握住）、obtain（获得→握到手）、retain（保留→往回握）、sustain（支撑→在下面托住）、maintain（用手握住→维持）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：maintain vt. 坚持认为；主张。熟义"保持"之外，maintain后接that从句时表示"（尽管他人反对仍）坚持声称"，如He maintains that the rules are unfair（他坚持认为规则不公平）。此义在议论文与新闻类阅读中出现频率很高，常与deny、admit形成对照。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Regular exercise and a balanced diet help us maintain a strong and healthy body."（规律运动与均衡饮食帮助我们保持强健健康的体魄。）（经典原句·maintain 保持） 【搭配词块】 maintain a healthy weight 保持健康体重 / maintain that 坚持认为 / maintenance n. 保养 / maintain contact with 与…保持联系 4. prevent /prɪˈvent/ vt. 阻止；防止；预防 【核心考点】 prevent是"阻止"类动词的代表，高考语法填空与写作高频。核心句型prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.（阻止某人/某物做某事），主动语态中from可省略，但被动语态be prevented from doing中from不可省，这是高考经典易错点。prevent + 名词（预防疾病、事故等），如prevent heart disease/an injury/accidents。名词prevention n.（预防）→ Prevention is better than cure（预防胜于治疗）、the prevention of（…的预防）；形容词preventive/preventable。辨析：prevent（从根本上使其不发生）vs stop（使正在进行的动作停止，stop sb. from doing中from可省）vs keep（keep sb. from doing中from不可省）vs protect（protect sb. from 保护免受伤害）。 【词根联想】 pre-（预先，before）+ vent（venire"来，come"）→ 抢在事情来到之前先到一步→ 预先阻挡→ 阻止；预防。联想：vent/ven"来"→ event（事件→出来之事）、invent（发明→来到心中）、convenient（方便的→一起到来）、intervene（干预→来到中间）、prevent（预先来→阻止）。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·读后续写·脑病男孩越野赛·prevent sb. from doing）"David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children."（大卫患有一种脑部疾病，使他无法像其他孩子那样行走或奔跑。）（真题原句·prevent 阻止；使不能） 【搭配词块】 prevent sb. from doing 阻止某人做某事 / prevent disease 预防疾病 / prevention n. 预防 / preventive adj. 预防性的 5. reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt. 减少；降低；缩小；使沦落 【核心考点】 reduce是数量与程度变化类核心动词，说明文与议论文极高频。reduce the risk of（降低…的风险）、reduce stress/waste/costs（减轻压力/减少浪费/降低成本）；reduce sth. by + 数量（减少了多少）与reduce sth. to + 数量（减少到多少）是高考经典易混点，by表差额，to表终点。名词reduction n.（减少；削减）→ a sharp reduction in（…的大幅下降）；形容词reduced adj.（减少了的）→ at a reduced price（降价）。辨析：reduce（数量、程度、价格的削减，最通用）vs decrease（自然减少，可作不及物动词）vs lessen（减轻程度，多用于抽象事物）vs cut down on（减少摄入或使用，口语化）。 【词根联想】 re-（回，back）+ ducere（拉丁语"引导；带领，lead"）→ 把数量往回带→ 减少。联想：duc/duct"引导"→ introduce（介绍→引入其中）、produce（生产→向前引出）、conduct（引导；实施）、educate（教育→引导出来）、reduce（往回引→减少）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：reduce vt. 使沦落到；使陷入（某种糟糕状态）。熟义"减少"之外，be reduced to (doing) sth.表示"沦落到（做）…的地步"，如He was reduced to begging in the street（他沦落到沿街乞讨）、She was reduced to tears（她被弄哭了）。此义常出现在记叙文与人物报道中。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·养鸡陪伴老人·reduce表"减少"）"The project was dreamed up by a local charity to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing."（这个项目由当地一家慈善机构构想出来，旨在减少孤独感、改善老年人的幸福感。）（真题原句·reduce 减少） 【搭配词块】 reduce the risk of 降低…的风险 / reduce stress 减轻压力 / reduction n. 减少 / be reduced to doing 沦落到做 6. disease /dɪˈziːz/ n. 疾病；病害 【核心考点】 disease是健康话题的核心名词，阅读理解中与health、risk、prevent高频共现。heart/lung/brain disease（心脏病/肺病/脑部疾病，具体病名前常不加冠词）；suffer from a disease（患病）；at a higher risk of disease（患病风险更高）；catch/develop a disease（染上/患上疾病）；cure/treat a disease（治愈/治疗疾病）。形容词diseased adj.（患病的；有病害的）。辨析：disease（有明确病理、通常有名称的疾病，较正式，如heart disease）vs illness（生病的状态与过程，强调不适感，如during his long illness）vs sickness（不适；恶心，口语化）vs disorder（功能失调，如a sleep disorder）。 【词根联想】 dis-（否定，not）+ ease（安逸；舒适）→ 不安逸、不舒适的状态→ 疾病。联想：ease"安逸"→ easy（容易的）、ease（缓解）、uneasy（不安的）、disease（不安逸→疾病）；dis-否定前缀→ dislike（不喜欢）、disagree（不同意）、disadvantage（不利条件）。 【真题原句】 （2022·全国乙卷·阅读·软饮料糖税与儿童肥胖·disease表"疾病"）"It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease."（人们认为如今的儿童与青少年摄入的糖分是建议量的三倍，这使他们患该疾病的风险更高。）（真题原句·disease 疾病） 【搭配词块】 heart disease 心脏病 / suffer from a disease 患病 / at a higher risk of disease 患病风险更高 / diseased adj. 患病的 7. injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ n. 伤害；损伤；受伤处 【核心考点】 injury是运动与事故语境的高频名词，注意其可数与不可数的双重用法。suffer/receive an injury（受伤）、a serious/slight injury（重伤/轻伤）、a knee injury（膝伤）、escape injury（幸免于难，此时不可数）、contribute to fewer injuries（造成更少损伤）。动词injure vt.（使受伤）→ be badly injured（受重伤）；形容词injured adj.（受伤的）→ the injured（伤员，the + adj.表一类人，作复数）。辨析：injury（事故或运动中造成的人身伤害，最常用）vs wound（刀枪等武器造成的外伤）vs harm（抽象或身心的伤害，不可数）vs damage（对物品、财产的损坏，不可数）。 【词根联想】 in-（否定，not）+ jur（拉丁语jus/juris"法律；权利"）+ -y → 不合乎法与权利的对待→ 侵害→ 伤害。联想：jur/jus"法"→ justice（公正）、just（公正的）、jury（陪审团）、injure（侵害→伤害）、injury（伤害）；对照damage（物的损坏）。 【真题原句】 （2020·全国Ⅰ卷·阅读C·竞走与跑步对比首句·injury用复数）"Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries."（研究显示，竞走与跑步在健身益处上大体相同，而造成的运动损伤很可能更少。）（真题原句·injury 损伤） 【搭配词块】 suffer an injury 受伤 / a serious injury 严重损伤 / injure v. 使受伤 / the injured 伤员 8. routine /ruːˈtiːn/ n. 常规；例行程序；日常事务 adj. 例行的；常规的 【核心考点】 routine是描写生活方式与工作流程的高频词，注意重音在第二音节。作名词时a daily routine（日常事务）、a morning/exercise routine（晨间/健身流程）、break the routine（打破常规）、get into a routine（形成习惯）、as a matter of routine（按惯例）。作形容词时a routine check（例行检查）、routine work（日常工作）。副词routinely adv.（例行地；常规地）。辨析：routine（按固定顺序反复进行的一套流程，中性）vs habit（个人无意识形成的习惯）vs custom（社会或群体的风俗）vs practice（惯常做法，常指行业或机构的做法）。 【词根联想】 源自法语route"路线；道路"+ -ine → 每天走的同一条路→ 例行程序；常规。联想：rout/route"路"→ route（路线）、routine（老路→常规）、router（路由器）；引申记忆：走老路省心，却也容易乏味，故有break the routine（打破常规）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：routine adj. 例行的；常规的；平淡无奇的。熟义名词"日常安排"之外，routine作形容词修饰名词，表示"按惯例进行的"，如a routine medical check（例行体检）、routine maintenance（常规保养），有时带"平淡乏味"的贬义色彩，如a routine performance（平庸的表演）。 【真题原句】 （2021·全国甲卷·语法填空·西安城墙游记末句·第50空考daily）"...but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines."（……但我们会在不同的城门和角楼停下拍照，或只是看看当地人过着他们的日常生活。）（真题原句·routine 日常事务） 【搭配词块】 daily routine 日常事务 / a routine check 例行检查 / break the routine 打破常规 / routinely adv. 例行地 9. admit /ədˈmɪt/ vt. 承认；准许进入；容纳 vi. 承认 【核心考点】 admit是态度类核心动词，语法填空与写作高频，注意其重读闭音节双写规则（admitted, admitting）。admit doing/having done sth.（承认做过某事，后接动名词而非不定式，高考易错点）；admit that + 从句；admit to (doing) sth.（此处to为介词）；be admitted to/into（被录取；获准进入），如be admitted to a key university。名词admission n.（承认；准入；入场费）→ free admission（免费入场）、gain admission to（获准进入）。辨析：admit（承认错误或事实，含勉强之意）vs confess（坦白罪行或隐情，语气更重）vs acknowledge（正式承认某事属实或某人的地位）vs recognize（认出；正式认可）。 【词根联想】 ad-（朝向，to）+ mittere（拉丁语"送；放，send"）→ 把人或事放进来→ 准许进入；进而引申为把事实"放进来"→ 承认。联想：mit/miss"送"→ permit（允许→穿过去送）、submit（提交→往下送）、transmit（传送）、commit（承诺；犯罪）、admit（放进来→承认）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：admit vt. 准许进入；容纳（可容纳多少人）。熟义"承认"之外，admit可表示场馆的容量或准入，如The stadium admits 60,000 spectators（这座体育场可容纳六万名观众）、Only ticket holders will be admitted（仅持票者可入场）。此义在应用文与说明文中较常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Most coaches admit that a slow and patient start is far wiser than a burst of speed."（大多数教练都承认，缓慢而耐心的起步远比一时的猛冲明智。）（经典原句·admit 承认） 【搭配词块】 admit doing 承认做过 / admit that 承认 / be admitted to 被录取 / admission n. 承认；入场 10. assume /əˈsjuːm/ vt. 假定；认为；承担；呈现 【核心考点】 assume是推理与判断类高频动词，阅读理解与七选五常考。assume that + 从句（想当然地认为，常含"缺乏证据"的意味）；It is assumed that...（人们认为…）；assuming (that)（假设…，作连词引导条件状语从句）；assume responsibility/a role（承担责任/担任角色）。名词assumption n.（假设；假定）→ make an assumption、on the assumption that（基于…的假设）。辨析：assume（无充分证据便认定，主观色彩强）vs suppose（一般性推测，语气较弱）vs presume（有一定根据的推定，较正式）vs guess（凭直觉猜测，口语化）。 【词根联想】 as-/ad-（朝向）+ sumere（拉丁语"拿起，take"）→ 主动把想法或责任拿到自己身上→ 假定；承担。联想：sum/sump"拿"→ consume（消耗→全部拿走）、resume（恢复→重新拿起）、presume（推定→事先拿定）、assume（拿过来→假定；承担）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：assume vt. 承担（责任、职务）；呈现（某种面貌）。熟义"假定"之外，assume responsibility for（对…负责）、assume office（就职）、assume a new form（呈现新形态）在正式文体中十分常见，与"假设"义相去甚远，是阅读中的理解陷阱。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Never assume that pain during training always means real progress in your fitness."（切勿想当然地认为训练中的疼痛就一定意味着体能的真正进步。）（经典原句·assume 想当然地认为） 【搭配词块】 assume that 想当然地认为 / assuming (that) 假设 / assume responsibility 承担责任 / assumption n. 假设 11. tend /tend/ vi. 倾向于；往往会 vt. 照料；护理 【核心考点】 tend to do sth.（往往会做某事；有做某事的倾向）是高考读写双高频结构，注意此处to为不定式符号，后接动词原形；而tend to sb./sth.（照料某人/某物）中的to是介词。名词tendency n.（倾向；趋势）→ have a tendency to do sth.、a growing tendency（日益增长的趋势）。写作中常用There is a tendency for sb. to do sth.替换people tend to do，提升表达层次。辨析：tend to do（客观规律性的倾向，语气中性）vs be likely to do（可能性较大）vs be inclined to do（个人主观上愿意）vs be apt to do（易于，常指不好的倾向）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语tendere"伸展；朝某方向延伸，stretch"→ 心思朝某方向伸展→ 倾向；伸手去照看→ 照料。联想：tend/tens"伸"→ extend（延伸→向外伸）、intend（打算→心朝里伸）、pretend（假装→在前面摆样子）、tension（紧张→拉紧）、tend（伸向→倾向）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：tend vt./vi. 照料；护理；看管。熟义"倾向于"之外，tend可作及物动词表示照看，如tend the sick（照顾病人）、tend sheep（放羊）、tend a garden（打理花园）；不及物时用tend to sb.（照料某人）。此义在记叙文与人物类阅读中出现较多。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Beginners tend to run far too fast in the first few minutes and give up halfway."（初学者往往在最初几分钟跑得太快，结果半途而废。）（经典原句·tend 倾向于） 【搭配词块】 tend to do 往往会做 / tend to sb. 照料某人 / tendency n. 倾向 / have a tendency to do 有…的倾向 12. hesitate /ˈhezɪteɪt/ vi. 犹豫；迟疑；不愿 【核心考点】 hesitate是心理活动类高频动词，读后续写与书信写作的黄金词。hesitate to do sth.（迟疑做某事；不愿做某事）；Don't hesitate to contact me（请尽管与我联系，书信写作万能句）；hesitate about/over sth.（对某事犹豫不决）。名词hesitation n.（犹豫）→ without hesitation（毫不犹豫地）、after a moment's hesitation（迟疑片刻后）；形容词hesitant adj.（犹豫的）→ be hesitant about；副词hesitantly adv.（犹豫地）。辨析：hesitate（因不确定或顾虑而暂停行动）vs pause（因说话或动作节奏而短暂停顿）vs delay（推迟，强调时间上的拖后）vs waver（在两种选择间摇摆不定）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语haerere"粘住；卡住，stick"→ 频率动词haesitare"反复卡住"→ 话卡在嘴边、脚步停在原地→ 犹豫。联想：记忆法"he+sit+ate"→ 他坐着吃（he sits and eats），迟迟不肯起身行动→ 犹豫；对照adhere（黏附）、inherent（固有的）同源。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·读后续写·男孩赛前退缩·hesitate作不及物动词）"He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run."（他犹豫了一下，然后说他决定不跑了。）（真题原句·hesitate 犹豫） 【搭配词块】 hesitate to do 迟疑做某事 / without hesitation 毫不犹豫 / hesitant adj. 犹豫的 / hesitate about 对…犹豫 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 athlete athletic (adj.) athletics (n.) athletically (adv.) a conditioned athlete / athletic ability champion championship (n.) champion (v.) --- the world champion / win the championship maintain maintenance (n.) maintained (adj.) maintainable (adj.) maintain a healthy weight / maintain that prevent prevention (n.) preventive (adj.) preventable (adj.) prevent sb. from doing / prevent disease reduce reduction (n.) reduced (adj.) reducible (adj.) reduce the risk of / be reduced to doing disease diseased (adj.) --- --- heart disease / suffer from a disease injury injure (v.) injured (adj.) uninjured (adj.) suffer an injury / be badly injured routine routinely (adv.) routine (adj.) --- daily routine / a routine check admit admission (n.) admitted (adj.) admittedly (adv.) admit doing / be admitted to assume assumption (n.) assumed (adj.) assuming (conj.) assume that / assume responsibility tend tendency (n.) tended (v.) --- tend to do / have a tendency to do hesitate hesitation (n.) hesitant (adj.) hesitantly (adv.) hesitate to do / without hesitation Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2020全国Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）Race walkers are highly conditioned __________ (athletic) who train almost every single day. 2.（2020全国Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）Research shows that race walking most likely contributes to fewer __________ (injure) than running. 3.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·读后续写·改编）A brain disease __________ (prevention) the little boy from walking or running like other children. 4.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）The project was dreamed up by a local charity to __________ (reduction) loneliness among the elderly. 5.（2022全国乙卷·阅读·改编）Too much sugar puts today's teenagers at a much higher risk of __________ (diseased). 6.（2021全国甲卷·语法填空·改编）We stopped at the gates just to watch the local people going about their daily __________ (routinely). 7.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·读后续写·改编）After a moment's __________ (hesitate), he told the teacher that he had decided not to run. 8.（2026山东济南•模拟）After eight years of hard training, she finally won the national __________ (champion) in women's boxing. 9.（2026广东广州•模拟）Regular aerobic exercise helps middle-aged people __________ (maintenance) a healthy weight and a strong heart. 10.（2026浙江杭州•模拟）The coach honestly __________ (admission) that he had underestimated the strength of the visiting team. 11.（2026江苏南京•模拟）Never __________ (assumption) that a warm-up is a waste of time before a long-distance race. 12.（2026四川成都•模拟）Beginners __________ (tendency) to run far too fast at the start and then give up halfway. 13.（2026河南郑州•模拟）Five minutes of stretching can greatly reduce the risk of a serious __________ (injure) to your knees. 14.（2026湖北武汉•模拟）Doctors say a balanced diet plays a key role in the __________ (prevent) of heart disease. 15.（2026湖南长沙•模拟）The doctor's warm advice greatly __________ (reduction) his worries about the coming city marathon. 【答案】 1. athletes 2. injuries 3. prevented 4. reduce 5. disease 6. routines 7. hesitation 8. championship 9. maintain 10. admitted 11. assume 12. tend 13. injury 14. prevention 15. reduced 【逐题解析】 1. athletes — 提示词athletic（形容词）需转名词复数，作系动词are的表语，泛指一类人。 2. injuries — 提示词injure（动词）需转名词复数，fewer后接可数名词复数，表更少损伤。 3. prevented — 提示词prevention（名词）需转动词过去式作谓语，prevent sb. from doing。 4. reduce — 提示词reduction（名词）需转动词原形，to为不定式符号，表目的。 5. disease — 提示词diseased（形容词）需转名词，at a higher risk of后接名词。 6. routines — 提示词routinely（副词）需转名词复数，their daily routines日常事务。 7. hesitation — 提示词hesitate（动词）需转名词，a moment's后接名词作宾语。 8. championship — 提示词champion（名词，冠军本人）需转派生名词，win the championship夺冠。 9. maintain — 提示词maintenance（名词）需转动词原形，help sb. (to) do sth.省略to。 10. admitted — 提示词admission（名词）需转动词过去式作谓语，与had过去完成呼应。 11. assume — 提示词assumption（名词）需转动词原形，Never置于句首构成祈使句。 12. tend — 提示词tendency（名词）需转动词原形，主语Beginners为复数，一般现在时。 13. injury — 提示词injure（动词）需转名词单数，a serious后接可数名词单数。 14. prevention — 提示词prevent（动词）需转名词，介词in与the之间需名词。 15. reduced — 提示词reduction（名词）需转动词过去式作谓语，主语advice为第三人称。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 每一个年轻的__________（运动员）都梦想成为__________（冠军），却很少有人明白：一份简单的日常__________（例行安排），远比一场幸运的比赛更重要。 医生常说，规律运动能帮我们__________（保持）强健的体魄，把__________（疾病）挡在门外，还能__________（预防）许多日后的健康问题。 每天二十分钟的跑步就能__________（减少）压力，而充分的热身能帮你避免一次痛苦的__________（受伤）。初学者往往__________（倾向于）起步过快，也有不少人__________（犹豫）着不敢求助；多数教练都__________（承认）慢起步更明智，所以千万不要__________（想当然地认为）疼痛本身就意味着进步。 【答案】 athlete; champion; routine; maintain; disease; prevent; reduce; injury; tend; hesitate; admit; assume Part 7 关联阅读 Liu Yang was never the kind of student anyone would call an athlete. He sat at the back of the classroom, and the only prize he had ever won was for handwriting. When his school announced a spring running club last March, he laughed at the notice on the wall. Yet his physical examination report that week worried him: too little exercise, too much sitting, and a warning that such habits could invite disease in later life. His teacher, Mr Zhou, did not push him. He simply said that no one becomes a champion overnight, and that a steady routine beats a burst of enthusiasm. Liu Yang decided to hesitate no longer. On the first morning he ran only four hundred metres before stopping, breathing hard, with a sharp pain in his side. He wanted to give up at once, but he had promised himself twenty days. His legs ached for the whole week, and twice he almost stayed in bed. Each time he thought of the promise and got up anyway. Mr Zhou taught him to warm up properly, explaining that five minutes of stretching can prevent a serious injury and that beginners tend to run far too fast. He also told Liu Yang to maintain an easy pace at which he could still talk. Slowly the distance grew. By June the boy could finish five kilometres without stopping, and his sleep and appetite improved so much that his headaches almost disappeared. His mother noticed that he no longer complained about being tired in the afternoon. Looking back, Liu Yang would admit that the hardest part was never the running itself. It was the first step out of the door. Exercise did not turn him into a star; it simply helped him reduce the anxiety that had followed him for years. Never assume, he now tells younger students, that sport belongs only to the strong. It belongs to anyone patient enough to begin, and to begin again tomorrow. Last week he stood on the school playground and cheered for the runners of the new club, holding a bottle of water for a nervous first-year boy. 1. What made Liu Yang start to take exercise seriously? A. A prize that he won for his beautiful handwriting at school. B. A health report warning him about his sitting habits. C. His classmates' invitation to join the spring running club. D. Mr Zhou's promise to train him into a national champion. 2. What did Mr Zhou think was the key to becoming fit? A. Running as fast as possible on the very first morning. B. Taking part in as many school competitions as one can. C. Following a doctor's medicine plan every single morning. D. Keeping a steady routine rather than a sudden burst of effort. 3. Why did Mr Zhou ask Liu Yang to run at a pace at which he could still talk? A. To help him maintain an easy speed and avoid a serious injury. B. To make sure that he finished five kilometres within one month. C. To allow him to chat with the other members of the running club. D. To test whether his breathing was completely normal while running. 4. What does Liu Yang now believe about sport? A. It can turn an ordinary student into a sports star. B. It matters far less than a good night's sleep and diet. C. It is open to anyone who is patient enough to begin. D. It should be practised only under a teacher's guidance. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 第1题（细节理解题·高考核心）：首段末句Yet his physical examination report that week worried him: too little exercise, too much sitting, and a warning that such habits could invite disease in later life明确指出，真正触动刘洋的是那份提醒他久坐少动、可能招致disease的体检报告，故选B。A项书法奖只是用来反衬他与运动无缘；C项同学邀请全文未提，属无中生有；D项周老师从未承诺把他培养成冠军，第二段恰恰写他did not push him。 第2题（细节理解题·高考高频）：第二段周老师的原话是no one becomes a champion overnight, and that a steady routine beats a burst of enthusiasm，其中champion与routine两个目标词直接点明：稳定的日常规律胜过一时的热情爆发，D项是对该句的准确同义转述。A项"第一天全速跑"与第三段beginners tend to run far too fast的告诫相反；B项多参加比赛、C项吃药计划均在文中毫无依据。 第3题（推理判断题·高考核心）：第三段先说five minutes of stretching can prevent a serious injury，紧接着He also told Liu Yang to maintain an easy pace at which he could still talk，可见"能边跑边说话"是判断配速是否轻松的标尺，其目的正是maintain轻松节奏、防止injury，故选A。B项一个月跑完五公里与文中By June的时间跨度不符；C项聊天、D项测试呼吸都是对talk一词的字面误读。 第4题（推理判断题·高考压轴）：末段以admit、reduce、assume三个目标词收束，Never assume...that sport belongs only to the strong. It belongs to anyone patient enough to begin明确表达了他如今的信念：运动属于每一个有耐心迈出第一步的人，C项与之完全吻合。A项被Exercise did not turn him into a star直接否定；B项文中并未比较运动与睡眠饮食的高低；D项"必须在老师指导下"是对周老师作用的过度推断。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：athlete, champion, maintain, prevent, reduce, disease, injury, routine, admit, assume, tend, hesitate Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. athlete — __________ 2. champion — __________ 3. maintain — __________ 4. prevent — __________ 5. reduce — __________ 6. disease — __________ 7. injury — __________ 8. routine — __________ 9. admit — __________ 10. assume — __________ 11. tend — __________ 12. hesitate — __________ 13. athletic — __________ 14. championship — __________ 15. maintenance — __________ 16. prevention — __________ 17. reduction — __________ 18. hesitation — __________ 19. prevent sb. from doing — __________ 20. tend to do sth. — __________ 【参考答案】 1. 运动员；体育健将 2. 冠军；捍卫者；拥护 3. 保持；维持；坚持认为 4. 阻止；防止；预防 5. 减少；降低；使沦落 6. 疾病；病害 7. 伤害；损伤；受伤处 8. 常规；日常事务；例行的 9. 承认；准许进入；容纳 10. 假定；认为；承担 11. 倾向于；往往会；照料 12. 犹豫；迟疑；不愿 13. 运动的；健壮的（形容词） 14. 锦标赛；冠军称号（名词） 15. 维护；保养（名词） 16. 预防；阻止（名词） 17. 减少；削减（名词） 18. 犹豫；迟疑（名词） 19. 阻止某人做某事（短语） 20. 往往会做某事（短语） Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. Many young sportsmen dream of winning a gold medal at the Olympic Games. → Many young __________ dream of winning a gold medal at the Olympic Games. 2. She became the best player of the whole country after ten years of training. → She became the national __________ after ten years of hard training. 3. A good night's sleep helps your body keep a healthy state day after day. → A good night's sleep helps your body __________ a healthy state day after day. 4. Warming up properly can stop many serious sports accidents from happening. → Warming up properly can __________ many serious sports accidents. 5. Twenty minutes of jogging a day can cut down the pressure in your mind. → Twenty minutes of jogging a day can __________ the pressure in your mind. 6. Too much sugar may bring children a higher risk of serious illness later. → Too much sugar may bring children a higher risk of serious __________ later. 7. He hurt his knee badly during the football match last Saturday afternoon. → He suffered a serious knee __________ during the football match last Saturday. 8. Doing exercise at a fixed time every morning has become his usual practice. → Doing exercise at a fixed time every morning has become his daily __________. 9. The coach finally said it was true that he had made a wrong decision. → The coach finally __________ that he had made a wrong decision. 10. Do not simply think that pain always means real progress in your training. → Do not simply __________ that pain always means real progress in your training. 11. Beginners are likely to run too fast in the very first few minutes. → Beginners __________ to run too fast in the very first few minutes. 12. He did not wait for a second before he offered to help the injured player. → He did not __________ for a second before he offered to help the injured player. 【答案】 1. athletes 2. champion 3. maintain 4. prevent 5. reduce 6. disease 7. injury 8. routine 9. admitted 10. assume 11. tend 12. hesitate Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：athlete → champion → routine → maintain → disease → prevent → reduce → injury → tend → hesitate → admit → assume 复述模板（填空）： 每一个年轻的__________（运动员）都梦想成为__________（冠军），却很少有人明白：一份简单的日常__________（例行安排）远比一场幸运的比赛更重要。 规律运动能帮我们__________（保持）强健的体魄，把__________（疾病）挡在门外，还能__________（预防）许多日后的健康问题。 每天二十分钟的跑步就能__________（减少）压力，而充分的热身能帮你避免一次痛苦的__________（受伤）；初学者往往__________（倾向于）起步过快，也有人__________（犹豫）着不敢求助，多数教练都__________（承认）慢起步更明智，所以别__________（想当然地认为）疼痛就等于进步。 你的复述： ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：athlete; champion; routine; maintain; disease; prevent; reduce; injury; tend; hesitate; admit; assume 复述模板参考版本： Every young athlete dreams of becoming a champion, yet a simple daily routine matters far more than one lucky match. Regular exercise helps us maintain a strong body, keeps disease away and can prevent many health problems in later life. Twenty minutes of running a day can reduce stress, while a proper warm-up helps you avoid a painful injury. Beginners tend to start too fast, and many hesitate to ask for help. Most coaches admit that a slow start is wiser, so never assume that pain alone means real progress. $专题02【语境串考点】第二单元备考学案（译林版2019） 高考高频知识点：athlete / champion / maintain / prevent / reduce / disease / injury / routine / admit / assume / tend / hesitate （知识点来源：必修第二册 Unit 2 · Be sporty, be healthy + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 9 【练习题】 9 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 11 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Every young athlete dreams of becoming a champion, yet few know that a simple daily routine matters far more than one lucky match. Doctors often say that regular exercise helps us maintain a strong body, keeps disease away and can prevent many health problems in later life. Twenty minutes of running a day can reduce stress, while a proper warm-up helps you avoid a painful injury. Beginners tend to start too fast, and many hesitate to ask for help. Most coaches admit that a slow start is wiser, so never assume that pain alone means real progress. 【中文译文】 每一个年轻的（athlete）运动员都梦想成为（champion）冠军，却很少有人明白：一份简单的日常（routine）例行训练，远比一场幸运的比赛更重要。医生常说，规律运动能帮我们（maintain）保持强健的体魄，把（disease）疾病挡在门外，还能（prevent）预防许多日后的健康问题。 每天二十分钟的跑步就能（reduce）减少压力，而充分的热身能帮你避免一次痛苦的（injury）受伤。初学者往往（tend）倾向于起步过快，也有不少人（hesitate）犹豫着不敢求助。多数教练都（admit）承认慢起步更明智，所以千万不要（assume）想当然地认为疼痛本身就意味着真正的进步。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：少年运动员→梦想夺冠→日常规律→保持体魄→远离疾病→预防隐患→减轻压力→避免受伤→倾向冒进→犹豫求助→教练承认→切勿臆断 记忆链：athlete → champion → routine → maintain → disease → prevent → reduce → injury → tend → hesitate → admit → assume Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 athlete /ˈæθliːt/ n. 运动员；体育健将 ⚡考点：a conditioned athlete 训练有素的运动员；professional athletes；athletic adj. 运动的；健壮的；athletics n. 田径运动 2 champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/ n. 冠军；捍卫者 vt. 拥护 ⚡考点：the world champion；win the championship 夺冠；a champion of human rights 人权捍卫者 3 maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ vt. 保持；维持；保养；坚持认为 ⚡考点：maintain a healthy weight；maintain that + 从句（坚持认为）；maintenance n. 维护；保养 4 prevent /prɪˈvent/ vt. 阻止；防止；预防 ⚡考点：prevent sb. from doing sth.（from可省，被动不可省）；prevention n. 预防；preventive adj. 预防性的 5 reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt. 减少；降低；使沦落 ⚡考点：reduce the risk of；reduce sth. by/to；be reduced to doing 沦落到；reduction n. 减少 6 disease /dɪˈziːz/ n. 疾病；病害 ⚡考点：heart/brain disease；suffer from a disease；at a higher risk of disease；diseased adj. 患病的 7 injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ n. 伤害；损伤 ⚡考点：suffer an injury；contribute to fewer injuries；injure v. 伤害；the injured 伤员；be badly injured 8 routine /ruːˈtiːn/ n. 常规；例行程序 adj. 例行的 ⚡考点：daily routine 日常事务；a routine check 例行检查；as a matter of routine；routinely adv. 例行地 9 admit /ədˈmɪt/ vt. 承认；准许进入；容纳 ⚡考点：admit doing/having done；admit that；be admitted to/into 被录取；admission n. 承认；入场 10 assume /əˈsjuːm/ vt. 假定；认为；承担；呈现 ⚡考点：assume that；assuming (that) 假设；assume responsibility 承担责任；assumption n. 假设 11 tend /tend/ vi. 倾向；往往会 vt. 照料；护理 ⚡考点：tend to do sth. 往往会做；tend to sb./sth. 照料；tendency n. 倾向（a tendency to do） 12 hesitate /ˈhezɪteɪt/ vi. 犹豫；迟疑 ⚡考点：hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事；hesitate about/over；without hesitation 毫不犹豫；hesitant adj. 犹豫的 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. athlete /ˈæθliːt/ n. 运动员；体育健将 【核心考点】 athlete是体育健康话题的核心名词，阅读理解与读后续写高频。a conditioned athlete（训练有素的运动员）、a professional/an amateur athlete（职业/业余运动员）、Olympic athletes（奥运选手）。形容词athletic adj.（运动的；体格健壮的）→ an athletic build（健美的体格）、athletic ability（运动能力）；名词athletics n.（田径运动；体育运动，作"田径"讲时作单数）。辨析：athlete（泛指从事各类体育运动、经过训练的运动员）vs player（球类项目的选手）vs sportsman（体育爱好者，也指有体育精神的人）vs competitor（同场竞技的对手）。注意重音在首音节，且第二音节读长音/iː/。 【词根联想】 athl-（希腊语athlos"竞赛；奖赏"）+ -ete（表人后缀）→ 为奖品而竞赛的人→ 运动员。联想：athl"竞赛"→ athlete（运动员）、athletic（运动的）、athletics（田径）；同类表人后缀-ete/-ate→ delegate（代表）、graduate（毕业生）、candidate（候选人）。 【真题原句】 （2020·全国Ⅰ卷·阅读C·竞走说明文首段·athlete表"运动员"）"Race walkers are conditioned athletes."（竞走选手都是训练有素的运动员。）（真题原句·athlete 运动员） 【搭配词块】 a conditioned athlete 训练有素的运动员 / professional athletes 职业运动员 / athletic adj. 运动的 / athletics n. 田径运动 2. champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/ n. 冠军；优胜者；捍卫者 vt. 拥护；支持 【核心考点】 champion既表"冠军"，也表"（某种事业的）捍卫者、倡导者"，是体育与议论文双语境词。the world/national champion（世界/全国冠军）、the defending champion（卫冕冠军）、become a champion（夺冠）。派生名词championship n.（锦标赛；冠军称号）→ win the championship（赢得锦标赛冠军）。作动词时champion a cause（拥护一项事业）、champion the rights of（捍卫…的权利）。辨析：champion（比赛的最终获胜者，强调头衔）vs winner（任何比赛或抽奖的获胜者，范围最广）vs runner-up（亚军）vs medalist（奖牌获得者）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语campus"（角斗）场地"→ campio"在场地上战斗的人"→ 决斗获胜者→ 冠军；捍卫者。联想：camp"场地"→ camp（营地）、campus（校园→大学的场地）、campaign（战役；运动→在原野上作战）、champion（斗士→冠军）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：champion n. 捍卫者；倡导者 vt. 拥护；为…而战。熟义"冠军"之外，champion在社会类文章中常指为弱势群体或某种主张挺身而出的人，如a champion of the poor（穷人的捍卫者）、champion equal education（倡导教育公平）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"No one becomes a champion overnight; every medal is built on years of quiet practice."（没有人能一夜之间成为冠军，每一枚奖牌都建立在多年默默的训练之上。）（经典原句·champion 冠军） 【搭配词块】 the world champion 世界冠军 / win the championship 赢得冠军 / a defending champion 卫冕冠军 / champion a cause 拥护事业 3. maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ vt. 保持；维持；保养；坚持认为 【核心考点】 maintain是状态延续与观点表达的双高频动词，语法填空常考其名词形式。maintain a healthy weight/a balanced diet/good habits（保持健康体重/均衡饮食/良好习惯）；maintain order/contact with sb.（维持秩序/保持联系）；maintain the equipment（保养设备）；maintain that + 从句（坚持认为，后接观点，相当于insist that，但不用虚拟语气）。名词maintenance n.（维护；保养；生活费）→ regular maintenance（定期保养）。辨析：maintain（使某状态持续不变，或保养设备）vs keep（最普通的"保持"）vs preserve（保存文物、传统，防其消失）vs sustain（支撑；使长期维持，如sustainable development）。 【词根联想】 main-（源自拉丁语manus"手"）+ tain（tenere"握住，hold"）→ 用手牢牢握住→ 维持；保持。联想：tain/ten"握"→ contain（容纳→一起握住）、obtain（获得→握到手）、retain（保留→往回握）、sustain（支撑→在下面托住）、maintain（用手握住→维持）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：maintain vt. 坚持认为；主张。熟义"保持"之外，maintain后接that从句时表示"（尽管他人反对仍）坚持声称"，如He maintains that the rules are unfair（他坚持认为规则不公平）。此义在议论文与新闻类阅读中出现频率很高，常与deny、admit形成对照。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Regular exercise and a balanced diet help us maintain a strong and healthy body."（规律运动与均衡饮食帮助我们保持强健健康的体魄。）（经典原句·maintain 保持） 【搭配词块】 maintain a healthy weight 保持健康体重 / maintain that 坚持认为 / maintenance n. 保养 / maintain contact with 与…保持联系 4. prevent /prɪˈvent/ vt. 阻止；防止；预防 【核心考点】 prevent是"阻止"类动词的代表，高考语法填空与写作高频。核心句型prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.（阻止某人/某物做某事），主动语态中from可省略，但被动语态be prevented from doing中from不可省，这是高考经典易错点。prevent + 名词（预防疾病、事故等），如prevent heart disease/an injury/accidents。名词prevention n.（预防）→ Prevention is better than cure（预防胜于治疗）、the prevention of（…的预防）；形容词preventive/preventable。辨析：prevent（从根本上使其不发生）vs stop（使正在进行的动作停止，stop sb. from doing中from可省）vs keep（keep sb. from doing中from不可省）vs protect（protect sb. from 保护免受伤害）。 【词根联想】 pre-（预先，before）+ vent（venire"来，come"）→ 抢在事情来到之前先到一步→ 预先阻挡→ 阻止；预防。联想：vent/ven"来"→ event（事件→出来之事）、invent（发明→来到心中）、convenient（方便的→一起到来）、intervene（干预→来到中间）、prevent（预先来→阻止）。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·读后续写·脑病男孩越野赛·prevent sb. from doing）"David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children."（大卫患有一种脑部疾病，使他无法像其他孩子那样行走或奔跑。）（真题原句·prevent 阻止；使不能） 【搭配词块】 prevent sb. from doing 阻止某人做某事 / prevent disease 预防疾病 / prevention n. 预防 / preventive adj. 预防性的 5. reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt. 减少；降低；缩小；使沦落 【核心考点】 reduce是数量与程度变化类核心动词，说明文与议论文极高频。reduce the risk of（降低…的风险）、reduce stress/waste/costs（减轻压力/减少浪费/降低成本）；reduce sth. by + 数量（减少了多少）与reduce sth. to + 数量（减少到多少）是高考经典易混点，by表差额，to表终点。名词reduction n.（减少；削减）→ a sharp reduction in（…的大幅下降）；形容词reduced adj.（减少了的）→ at a reduced price（降价）。辨析：reduce（数量、程度、价格的削减，最通用）vs decrease（自然减少，可作不及物动词）vs lessen（减轻程度，多用于抽象事物）vs cut down on（减少摄入或使用，口语化）。 【词根联想】 re-（回，back）+ ducere（拉丁语"引导；带领，lead"）→ 把数量往回带→ 减少。联想：duc/duct"引导"→ introduce（介绍→引入其中）、produce（生产→向前引出）、conduct（引导；实施）、educate（教育→引导出来）、reduce（往回引→减少）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：reduce vt. 使沦落到；使陷入（某种糟糕状态）。熟义"减少"之外，be reduced to (doing) sth.表示"沦落到（做）…的地步"，如He was reduced to begging in the street（他沦落到沿街乞讨）、She was reduced to tears（她被弄哭了）。此义常出现在记叙文与人物报道中。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·养鸡陪伴老人·reduce表"减少"）"The project was dreamed up by a local charity to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing."（这个项目由当地一家慈善机构构想出来，旨在减少孤独感、改善老年人的幸福感。）（真题原句·reduce 减少） 【搭配词块】 reduce the risk of 降低…的风险 / reduce stress 减轻压力 / reduction n. 减少 / be reduced to doing 沦落到做 6. disease /dɪˈziːz/ n. 疾病；病害 【核心考点】 disease是健康话题的核心名词，阅读理解中与health、risk、prevent高频共现。heart/lung/brain disease（心脏病/肺病/脑部疾病，具体病名前常不加冠词）；suffer from a disease（患病）；at a higher risk of disease（患病风险更高）；catch/develop a disease（染上/患上疾病）；cure/treat a disease（治愈/治疗疾病）。形容词diseased adj.（患病的；有病害的）。辨析：disease（有明确病理、通常有名称的疾病，较正式，如heart disease）vs illness（生病的状态与过程，强调不适感，如during his long illness）vs sickness（不适；恶心，口语化）vs disorder（功能失调，如a sleep disorder）。 【词根联想】 dis-（否定，not）+ ease（安逸；舒适）→ 不安逸、不舒适的状态→ 疾病。联想：ease"安逸"→ easy（容易的）、ease（缓解）、uneasy（不安的）、disease（不安逸→疾病）；dis-否定前缀→ dislike（不喜欢）、disagree（不同意）、disadvantage（不利条件）。 【真题原句】 （2022·全国乙卷·阅读·软饮料糖税与儿童肥胖·disease表"疾病"）"It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease."（人们认为如今的儿童与青少年摄入的糖分是建议量的三倍，这使他们患该疾病的风险更高。）（真题原句·disease 疾病） 【搭配词块】 heart disease 心脏病 / suffer from a disease 患病 / at a higher risk of disease 患病风险更高 / diseased adj. 患病的 7. injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ n. 伤害；损伤；受伤处 【核心考点】 injury是运动与事故语境的高频名词，注意其可数与不可数的双重用法。suffer/receive an injury（受伤）、a serious/slight injury（重伤/轻伤）、a knee injury（膝伤）、escape injury（幸免于难，此时不可数）、contribute to fewer injuries（造成更少损伤）。动词injure vt.（使受伤）→ be badly injured（受重伤）；形容词injured adj.（受伤的）→ the injured（伤员，the + adj.表一类人，作复数）。辨析：injury（事故或运动中造成的人身伤害，最常用）vs wound（刀枪等武器造成的外伤）vs harm（抽象或身心的伤害，不可数）vs damage（对物品、财产的损坏，不可数）。 【词根联想】 in-（否定，not）+ jur（拉丁语jus/juris"法律；权利"）+ -y → 不合乎法与权利的对待→ 侵害→ 伤害。联想：jur/jus"法"→ justice（公正）、just（公正的）、jury（陪审团）、injure（侵害→伤害）、injury（伤害）；对照damage（物的损坏）。 【真题原句】 （2020·全国Ⅰ卷·阅读C·竞走与跑步对比首句·injury用复数）"Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries."（研究显示，竞走与跑步在健身益处上大体相同，而造成的运动损伤很可能更少。）（真题原句·injury 损伤） 【搭配词块】 suffer an injury 受伤 / a serious injury 严重损伤 / injure v. 使受伤 / the injured 伤员 8. routine /ruːˈtiːn/ n. 常规；例行程序；日常事务 adj. 例行的；常规的 【核心考点】 routine是描写生活方式与工作流程的高频词，注意重音在第二音节。作名词时a daily routine（日常事务）、a morning/exercise routine（晨间/健身流程）、break the routine（打破常规）、get into a routine（形成习惯）、as a matter of routine（按惯例）。作形容词时a routine check（例行检查）、routine work（日常工作）。副词routinely adv.（例行地；常规地）。辨析：routine（按固定顺序反复进行的一套流程，中性）vs habit（个人无意识形成的习惯）vs custom（社会或群体的风俗）vs practice（惯常做法，常指行业或机构的做法）。 【词根联想】 源自法语route"路线；道路"+ -ine → 每天走的同一条路→ 例行程序；常规。联想：rout/route"路"→ route（路线）、routine（老路→常规）、router（路由器）；引申记忆：走老路省心，却也容易乏味，故有break the routine（打破常规）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：routine adj. 例行的；常规的；平淡无奇的。熟义名词"日常安排"之外，routine作形容词修饰名词，表示"按惯例进行的"，如a routine medical check（例行体检）、routine maintenance（常规保养），有时带"平淡乏味"的贬义色彩，如a routine performance（平庸的表演）。 【真题原句】 （2021·全国甲卷·语法填空·西安城墙游记末句·第50空考daily）"...but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines."（……但我们会在不同的城门和角楼停下拍照，或只是看看当地人过着他们的日常生活。）（真题原句·routine 日常事务） 【搭配词块】 daily routine 日常事务 / a routine check 例行检查 / break the routine 打破常规 / routinely adv. 例行地 9. admit /ədˈmɪt/ vt. 承认；准许进入；容纳 vi. 承认 【核心考点】 admit是态度类核心动词，语法填空与写作高频，注意其重读闭音节双写规则（admitted, admitting）。admit doing/having done sth.（承认做过某事，后接动名词而非不定式，高考易错点）；admit that + 从句；admit to (doing) sth.（此处to为介词）；be admitted to/into（被录取；获准进入），如be admitted to a key university。名词admission n.（承认；准入；入场费）→ free admission（免费入场）、gain admission to（获准进入）。辨析：admit（承认错误或事实，含勉强之意）vs confess（坦白罪行或隐情，语气更重）vs acknowledge（正式承认某事属实或某人的地位）vs recognize（认出；正式认可）。 【词根联想】 ad-（朝向，to）+ mittere（拉丁语"送；放，send"）→ 把人或事放进来→ 准许进入；进而引申为把事实"放进来"→ 承认。联想：mit/miss"送"→ permit（允许→穿过去送）、submit（提交→往下送）、transmit（传送）、commit（承诺；犯罪）、admit（放进来→承认）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：admit vt. 准许进入；容纳（可容纳多少人）。熟义"承认"之外，admit可表示场馆的容量或准入，如The stadium admits 60,000 spectators（这座体育场可容纳六万名观众）、Only ticket holders will be admitted（仅持票者可入场）。此义在应用文与说明文中较常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Most coaches admit that a slow and patient start is far wiser than a burst of speed."（大多数教练都承认，缓慢而耐心的起步远比一时的猛冲明智。）（经典原句·admit 承认） 【搭配词块】 admit doing 承认做过 / admit that 承认 / be admitted to 被录取 / admission n. 承认；入场 10. assume /əˈsjuːm/ vt. 假定；认为；承担；呈现 【核心考点】 assume是推理与判断类高频动词，阅读理解与七选五常考。assume that + 从句（想当然地认为，常含"缺乏证据"的意味）；It is assumed that...（人们认为…）；assuming (that)（假设…，作连词引导条件状语从句）；assume responsibility/a role（承担责任/担任角色）。名词assumption n.（假设；假定）→ make an assumption、on the assumption that（基于…的假设）。辨析：assume（无充分证据便认定，主观色彩强）vs suppose（一般性推测，语气较弱）vs presume（有一定根据的推定，较正式）vs guess（凭直觉猜测，口语化）。 【词根联想】 as-/ad-（朝向）+ sumere（拉丁语"拿起，take"）→ 主动把想法或责任拿到自己身上→ 假定；承担。联想：sum/sump"拿"→ consume（消耗→全部拿走）、resume（恢复→重新拿起）、presume（推定→事先拿定）、assume（拿过来→假定；承担）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：assume vt. 承担（责任、职务）；呈现（某种面貌）。熟义"假定"之外，assume responsibility for（对…负责）、assume office（就职）、assume a new form（呈现新形态）在正式文体中十分常见，与"假设"义相去甚远，是阅读中的理解陷阱。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Never assume that pain during training always means real progress in your fitness."（切勿想当然地认为训练中的疼痛就一定意味着体能的真正进步。）（经典原句·assume 想当然地认为） 【搭配词块】 assume that 想当然地认为 / assuming (that) 假设 / assume responsibility 承担责任 / assumption n. 假设 11. tend /tend/ vi. 倾向于；往往会 vt. 照料；护理 【核心考点】 tend to do sth.（往往会做某事；有做某事的倾向）是高考读写双高频结构，注意此处to为不定式符号，后接动词原形；而tend to sb./sth.（照料某人/某物）中的to是介词。名词tendency n.（倾向；趋势）→ have a tendency to do sth.、a growing tendency（日益增长的趋势）。写作中常用There is a tendency for sb. to do sth.替换people tend to do，提升表达层次。辨析：tend to do（客观规律性的倾向，语气中性）vs be likely to do（可能性较大）vs be inclined to do（个人主观上愿意）vs be apt to do（易于，常指不好的倾向）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语tendere"伸展；朝某方向延伸，stretch"→ 心思朝某方向伸展→ 倾向；伸手去照看→ 照料。联想：tend/tens"伸"→ extend（延伸→向外伸）、intend（打算→心朝里伸）、pretend（假装→在前面摆样子）、tension（紧张→拉紧）、tend（伸向→倾向）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：tend vt./vi. 照料；护理；看管。熟义"倾向于"之外，tend可作及物动词表示照看，如tend the sick（照顾病人）、tend sheep（放羊）、tend a garden（打理花园）；不及物时用tend to sb.（照料某人）。此义在记叙文与人物类阅读中出现较多。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Beginners tend to run far too fast in the first few minutes and give up halfway."（初学者往往在最初几分钟跑得太快，结果半途而废。）（经典原句·tend 倾向于） 【搭配词块】 tend to do 往往会做 / tend to sb. 照料某人 / tendency n. 倾向 / have a tendency to do 有…的倾向 12. hesitate /ˈhezɪteɪt/ vi. 犹豫；迟疑；不愿 【核心考点】 hesitate是心理活动类高频动词，读后续写与书信写作的黄金词。hesitate to do sth.（迟疑做某事；不愿做某事）；Don't hesitate to contact me（请尽管与我联系，书信写作万能句）；hesitate about/over sth.（对某事犹豫不决）。名词hesitation n.（犹豫）→ without hesitation（毫不犹豫地）、after a moment's hesitation（迟疑片刻后）；形容词hesitant adj.（犹豫的）→ be hesitant about；副词hesitantly adv.（犹豫地）。辨析：hesitate（因不确定或顾虑而暂停行动）vs pause（因说话或动作节奏而短暂停顿）vs delay（推迟，强调时间上的拖后）vs waver（在两种选择间摇摆不定）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语haerere"粘住；卡住，stick"→ 频率动词haesitare"反复卡住"→ 话卡在嘴边、脚步停在原地→ 犹豫。联想：记忆法"he+sit+ate"→ 他坐着吃（he sits and eats），迟迟不肯起身行动→ 犹豫；对照adhere（黏附）、inherent（固有的）同源。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·读后续写·男孩赛前退缩·hesitate作不及物动词）"He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run."（他犹豫了一下，然后说他决定不跑了。）（真题原句·hesitate 犹豫） 【搭配词块】 hesitate to do 迟疑做某事 / without hesitation 毫不犹豫 / hesitant adj. 犹豫的 / hesitate about 对…犹豫 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 athlete athletic (adj.) athletics (n.) athletically (adv.) a conditioned athlete / athletic ability champion championship (n.) champion (v.) --- the world champion / win the championship maintain maintenance (n.) maintained (adj.) maintainable (adj.) maintain a healthy weight / maintain that prevent prevention (n.) preventive (adj.) preventable (adj.) prevent sb. from doing / prevent disease reduce reduction (n.) reduced (adj.) reducible (adj.) reduce the risk of / be reduced to doing disease diseased (adj.) --- --- heart disease / suffer from a disease injury injure (v.) injured (adj.) uninjured (adj.) suffer an injury / be badly injured routine routinely (adv.) routine (adj.) --- daily routine / a routine check admit admission (n.) admitted (adj.) admittedly (adv.) admit doing / be admitted to assume assumption (n.) assumed (adj.) assuming (conj.) assume that / assume responsibility tend tendency (n.) tended (v.) --- tend to do / have a tendency to do hesitate hesitation (n.) hesitant (adj.) hesitantly (adv.) hesitate to do / without hesitation Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2020全国Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）Race walkers are highly conditioned __________ (athletic) who train almost every single day. 2.（2020全国Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）Research shows that race walking most likely contributes to fewer __________ (injure) than running. 3.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·读后续写·改编）A brain disease __________ (prevention) the little boy from walking or running like other children. 4.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）The project was dreamed up by a local charity to __________ (reduction) loneliness among the elderly. 5.（2022全国乙卷·阅读·改编）Too much sugar puts today's teenagers at a much higher risk of __________ (diseased). 6.（2021全国甲卷·语法填空·改编）We stopped at the gates just to watch the local people going about their daily __________ (routinely). 7.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·读后续写·改编）After a moment's __________ (hesitate), he told the teacher that he had decided not to run. 8.（2026山东济南•模拟）After eight years of hard training, she finally won the national __________ (champion) in women's boxing. 9.（2026广东广州•模拟）Regular aerobic exercise helps middle-aged people __________ (maintenance) a healthy weight and a strong heart. 10.（2026浙江杭州•模拟）The coach honestly __________ (admission) that he had underestimated the strength of the visiting team. 11.（2026江苏南京•模拟）Never __________ (assumption) that a warm-up is a waste of time before a long-distance race. 12.（2026四川成都•模拟）Beginners __________ (tendency) to run far too fast at the start and then give up halfway. 13.（2026河南郑州•模拟）Five minutes of stretching can greatly reduce the risk of a serious __________ (injure) to your knees. 14.（2026湖北武汉•模拟）Doctors say a balanced diet plays a key role in the __________ (prevent) of heart disease. 15.（2026湖南长沙•模拟）The doctor's warm advice greatly __________ (reduction) his worries about the coming city marathon. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 每一个年轻的__________（运动员）都梦想成为__________（冠军），却很少有人明白：一份简单的日常__________（例行安排），远比一场幸运的比赛更重要。 医生常说，规律运动能帮我们__________（保持）强健的体魄，把__________（疾病）挡在门外，还能__________（预防）许多日后的健康问题。 每天二十分钟的跑步就能__________（减少）压力，而充分的热身能帮你避免一次痛苦的__________（受伤）。初学者往往__________（倾向于）起步过快，也有不少人__________（犹豫）着不敢求助；多数教练都__________（承认）慢起步更明智，所以千万不要__________（想当然地认为）疼痛本身就意味着进步。 Part 7 关联阅读 Liu Yang was never the kind of student anyone would call an athlete. He sat at the back of the classroom, and the only prize he had ever won was for handwriting. When his school announced a spring running club last March, he laughed at the notice on the wall. Yet his physical examination report that week worried him: too little exercise, too much sitting, and a warning that such habits could invite disease in later life. His teacher, Mr Zhou, did not push him. He simply said that no one becomes a champion overnight, and that a steady routine beats a burst of enthusiasm. Liu Yang decided to hesitate no longer. On the first morning he ran only four hundred metres before stopping, breathing hard, with a sharp pain in his side. He wanted to give up at once, but he had promised himself twenty days. His legs ached for the whole week, and twice he almost stayed in bed. Each time he thought of the promise and got up anyway. Mr Zhou taught him to warm up properly, explaining that five minutes of stretching can prevent a serious injury and that beginners tend to run far too fast. He also told Liu Yang to maintain an easy pace at which he could still talk. Slowly the distance grew. By June the boy could finish five kilometres without stopping, and his sleep and appetite improved so much that his headaches almost disappeared. His mother noticed that he no longer complained about being tired in the afternoon. Looking back, Liu Yang would admit that the hardest part was never the running itself. It was the first step out of the door. Exercise did not turn him into a star; it simply helped him reduce the anxiety that had followed him for years. Never assume, he now tells younger students, that sport belongs only to the strong. It belongs to anyone patient enough to begin, and to begin again tomorrow. Last week he stood on the school playground and cheered for the runners of the new club, holding a bottle of water for a nervous first-year boy. 1. What made Liu Yang start to take exercise seriously? A. A prize that he won for his beautiful handwriting at school. B. A health report warning him about his sitting habits. C. His classmates' invitation to join the spring running club. D. Mr Zhou's promise to train him into a national champion. 2. What did Mr Zhou think was the key to becoming fit? A. Running as fast as possible on the very first morning. B. Taking part in as many school competitions as one can. C. Following a doctor's medicine plan every single morning. D. Keeping a steady routine rather than a sudden burst of effort. 3. Why did Mr Zhou ask Liu Yang to run at a pace at which he could still talk? A. To help him maintain an easy speed and avoid a serious injury. B. To make sure that he finished five kilometres within one month. C. To allow him to chat with the other members of the running club. D. To test whether his breathing was completely normal while running. 4. What does Liu Yang now believe about sport? A. It can turn an ordinary student into a sports star. B. It matters far less than a good night's sleep and diet. C. It is open to anyone who is patient enough to begin. D. It should be practised only under a teacher's guidance. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：athlete, champion, maintain, prevent, reduce, disease, injury, routine, admit, assume, tend, hesitate Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. athlete — __________ 2. champion — __________ 3. maintain — __________ 4. prevent — __________ 5. reduce — __________ 6. disease — __________ 7. injury — __________ 8. routine — __________ 9. admit — __________ 10. assume — __________ 11. tend — __________ 12. hesitate — __________ 13. athletic — __________ 14. championship — __________ 15. maintenance — __________ 16. prevention — __________ 17. reduction — __________ 18. hesitation — __________ 19. prevent sb. from doing — __________ 20. tend to do sth. — __________ Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. Many young sportsmen dream of winning a gold medal at the Olympic Games. → Many young __________ dream of winning a gold medal at the Olympic Games. 2. She became the best player of the whole country after ten years of training. → She became the national __________ after ten years of hard training. 3. A good night's sleep helps your body keep a healthy state day after day. → A good night's sleep helps your body __________ a healthy state day after day. 4. Warming up properly can stop many serious sports accidents from happening. → Warming up properly can __________ many serious sports accidents. 5. Twenty minutes of jogging a day can cut down the pressure in your mind. → Twenty minutes of jogging a day can __________ the pressure in your mind. 6. Too much sugar may bring children a higher risk of serious illness later. → Too much sugar may bring children a higher risk of serious __________ later. 7. He hurt his knee badly during the football match last Saturday afternoon. → He suffered a serious knee __________ during the football match last Saturday. 8. Doing exercise at a fixed time every morning has become his usual practice. → Doing exercise at a fixed time every morning has become his daily __________. 9. The coach finally said it was true that he had made a wrong decision. → The coach finally __________ that he had made a wrong decision. 10. Do not simply think that pain always means real progress in your training. → Do not simply __________ that pain always means real progress in your training. 11. Beginners are likely to run too fast in the very first few minutes. → Beginners __________ to run too fast in the very first few minutes. 12. He did not wait for a second before he offered to help the injured player. → He did not __________ for a second before he offered to help the injured player. Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：athlete → champion → routine → maintain → disease → prevent → reduce → injury → tend → hesitate → admit → assume 复述模板（填空）： 每一个年轻的__________（运动员）都梦想成为__________（冠军），却很少有人明白：一份简单的日常__________（例行安排）远比一场幸运的比赛更重要。 规律运动能帮我们__________（保持）强健的体魄，把__________（疾病）挡在门外，还能__________（预防）许多日后的健康问题。 每天二十分钟的跑步就能__________（减少）压力，而充分的热身能帮你避免一次痛苦的__________（受伤）；初学者往往__________（倾向于）起步过快，也有人__________（犹豫）着不敢求助，多数教练都__________（承认）慢起步更明智，所以别__________（想当然地认为）疼痛就等于进步。 你的复述： ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ $