Unit 1 语法(不定式)讲解与练习 2026-2027学年鲁教版四五学制英语八年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦动词不定式（to do）作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语，通过联系非谓语动词基础，结合“Time to Relax”单元主题，以高频动词口诀、情境例句解析搭建学习支架，涵盖基本形式、否定及it作形式宾语等拓展用法。 资料亮点在于采用口诀记忆法提升学习能力，情境化例句增强语言能力，分层练习（填空、改写、汉译英）培养思维品质，易错点提示与快速区分方法助力精准掌握，配套答案便于自主检测，有效提升语法学习效率。

Unit1 Time to Relax语法讲解与练习 语法:动词不定式(to do)作宾语、宾语补足语、状语 不定式基本形式:to +动词原形,非谓语,不能作谓语;否定:not to do(不是to not do) 本单元重点:作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语。 一、不定式作宾语 含义:放在部分及物动词后面,作动词的宾语,结构:主语+动词 + to do sth. 高频动词(本单元) want, hope, decide, plan, expect, choose, agree, pretend, learn, prefer, would like, manage, try 口诀:想要希望决定计划,期望选择同意假装,学习宁愿设法尽力 例句: She decided to give it a go. 她决定试一试。 解析:decided(谓语),to give it a go 作 decided 的宾语。 I hope to take up a new hobby. 我希望培养一个新爱好。 解析:hope 后接 todo 作宾语,不能说 hope sb to do He managed to finish his painting before dinner. 他设法在晚饭前完成了画作。 解析:manage to do 设法做成某事,to finish 作宾语。 They prefer to relax in their free time. 他们更喜欢在空闲时间放松。 解析:prefer to do sth 更喜欢做某事。 拓展:it 作形式宾语 结构:find / think / feel + it + adj. + to do sth.;it 代替真正宾语 todo,todo 后置 I find it hard to learn calligraphy well. 我发现学好书法很难。 解析:it 形式宾语;真正宾语 to learn calligraphy well。 易错:这些动词只接 todo,不接 doing:decide, hope, expect, want, agree, manage。 二、不定式作宾语补足语(宾补) 宾补:补充说明宾语的动作/状态; 句子结构:主语+动词+宾语 (sb.) + (not) to do sth. 逻辑关系:宾语是 to do 动作的发出者。 类型 1:带 to 的不定式作宾补 常用动词:ask, tell, encourage, allow, expect, want, would like, advise, invite, warn, teach. 口诀:要求告诉鼓励允许,期望想要建议邀请警告 例句: He always encourages me not to give up. 他总是鼓励我不要放弃。 解析:me 宾语;not to give up 补充 me,作宾补;否定 not to do My teacher asks us to practice calligraphy every day. 老师要求我们每天练习书法。 解析:us 宾语;to practice… 宾补 Parents want their kids to balance study and play. 父母想要孩子平衡学习与玩乐。 解析:their kids 宾语;to balance… 宾补 The doctor warned him not to spend too much time on screen. 医生警告他不要花太多时间看屏幕。 解析:him 宾语;not to spend… 宾补 类型 2:省略 to 的不定式作宾补(主动省to,被动还原to) 口诀:一感二听三让四看二一教育 一感:feel 二听:hear, listen to 三让:make, let, have 四看:see, watch, notice, look at 例句: I saw my mother paint. 我看见妈妈画画。 解析:mother 宾语;paint(省 to)作宾补,强调看到动作全过程。 Listening to music makes me feel relaxed. 听音乐让我感到放松。 解析:me 宾语;feel 省 to 作宾补。 ️重点考点:被动语态 to 必须还原! 主动:We saw him play. 我们看见他玩耍。 被动:He was seen to play. 有人看见他玩耍。 help 特殊:help sb. (to) do sth. to 可加可省。 三、不定式作状语(本单元主要是目的状语) 含义:表示主句动作的目的,翻译:为了…… 位置①:句末(最常见); 位置②:句首,后面用逗号隔开;可与in order to do互换 例句: I play the flute to relax. 我吹长笛来放松。 解析:play the flute 是主句动作;to relax 表吹长笛的目的,作目的状语。 Yaming does calligraphy to relax after study. 亚明练习书法学习之后来放松。 解析:to relax 表目的状语 To improve my handwriting, I practice calligraphy every day. 为了提高书写,我每天练习书法。(句首,逗号隔开) 解析:To improve… 作目的状语 She went to the sports centre to iceskate. 她去运动中心滑冰。 解析:to iceskate 表去运动中心的目的。 拓展:too…to… 太…… 而不能(结果状语) He is too tired to continue his hobby. 他太累不能继续他的爱好。 快速区分:宾补vs目的状语 宾补:前面一定有 sb 作宾语;动词 + sb + to do;to do 描述 sb 做什么 encourage me to give up(me 宾语 宾补) 目的状语:没有 sb 作 todo 的宾语;to do 说明主句动作 “为了什么” play the flute to relax(to relax 是吹长笛的目的,无sb宾语) 【配套练习】 . 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.Many students hope (develop) some hobbies in their spare time. 2.My teacher encourages me (keep) a balance between study and rest. 3.He came to the music club (learn) to play the flute. 4.The doctor warned the boy (not spend) too much time on the phone. 5.She finds it enjoyable (paint) in her free time. 6.They decided (try) iceskating as a new way to relax. 7.We saw some kids (fly) kites in the park yesterday afternoon. 8.Would you like (take) up collecting postcards with me? 9.The manager made the workers (finish) the task before Friday. 10.He managed (calm) himself down after the long tiring day. 11. (relax) himself, Tom often listens to soft music. 12.Parents expect their children (enjoy) their freetime activities. 13.The little girl was seen (dance) near the lake by us. 14.I prefer (do) some handwork instead of playing online games. 15.Help me (practice) my handwriting, will you? 16.The girl is too shy (speak) in front of the whole class. 17.He agreed (join) the hiking club with his classmates. 18.I want you (not give) up your hobby of calligraphy. 19.She thinks it necessary (take) some time to relax every day. 20.The headteacher asks all the students (stay) away from bad hobbies. . 单项选择 ( )1. —Why do you do calligraphy every evening? — myself. A. Relax B. To relax C. Relaxing D. Relaxed ( )2. She decided a new hobby after her final exams. A. take up B. taking up C. to take up D. took up ( )3. My deskmate encourages me more outdoor activities. A. to try B. try C. trying D. tried ( )4. The policeman told the children on the busy street. A. not play B. don’t play C. not to play D. to not play ( )5. I find really hard to learn to iceskate well. A. that B. it C. this D. one ( )6. We saw him the guitar when we passed the room. A. play B. plays C. to play D. played ( )7. The boy was made his mistakes in public. A. admit B. to admit C. admitting D. admitted ( )8. He hopes a good way to relax from heavy schoolwork. A. find B. finding C. to find D. finds ( )9. She got up early join the morning hiking activity. A. in order to B. so that C. because D. for ( )10. My parents warn me too much time playing computer games. A. not waste B. don’t waste C. not to waste D. to not waste ( )11. They want their kids enough time for hobbies. A. have B. to have C. having D. had ( )12. He is too tired on with his painting work. A. go B. going C. to go D. goes ( )13. Would you like something interesting to relax yourselves? A. do B. to do C. doing D. done ( )14. Help the old man across the road, please. A. (to) walk B. walking C. walked D. walks ( )15. —What’s your plan for the weekend? —I plan some postcards. A. collect B. collecting C. to collect D. collected . 句子改写 1.He reads books. He wants to relax.(用不定式作目的状语合并句子) 2.My mom encourages me. I shouldn’t drop my hobby.(用不定式作宾补合并) 3.He practices calligraphy every day. He wants to improve his skills.(用 in order to 改写) 4.We watched them perform in the hall.(改为被动语态) 5.To keep healthy, he takes up jogging.(改写:用 in order to 放句末) 6.“Don’t stay up late,” the teacher tells us.(改为 tell sb. not to do 句型) 7.I find that it is great to develop hobbies.(改为 find it +adj.+to do 简单句) 8.The boss made the workers work extra hours.(改为被动语态) 9.She hopes that she can take up painting.(改为简单句,用 hope to do) 10.He came here. His purpose is to learn papercutting.(用不定式合并) . 汉译英 1.很多学生培养爱好是为了从繁重学业中放松。 2.老师鼓励我们尝试各种各样的休闲活动。 3.我发现平衡学习和业余爱好并不容易。 4.父母警告我不要花太多时间刷手机。 5.为了提高书写,她每天练习书法半小时。 6.我们看见几个孩子在操场上放风筝。 7.他设法在周末完成了他的绘画作品。 8.这个男孩太累了,不能继续做手工。 9.我想要你不要放弃你的兴趣爱好。 10.他计划参加俱乐部来认识更多志同道合的朋友。 Keys . 动词适当形式填空 1.to develop 2.to keep 3.to learn 4.not to spend 5.to paint 6.to try 7.fly 8.to take 9.finish 10.to calm 11.To relax 12.to enjoy 13.to dance 14.to do 15.(to) practice 16.to speak 17.to join 18.not to give 19.to take 20.to stay . 单项选择 15 BCACB 610 ABCAC 1115 BCBAC . 句子改写 1.He reads books to relax. 2.My mom encourages me not to drop my hobby. 3.He practices calligraphy every day in order to improve his skills. 4.They were watched to perform in the hall (by us). 5.He takes up jogging in order to keep healthy. 6.The teacher tells us not to stay up late. 7.I find it great to develop hobbies. 8.The workers were made to work extra hours (by the boss). 9.She hopes to take up painting. 10.He came here to learn papercutting. . 汉译英 1.Many students take up hobbies to relax from heavy schoolwork. 2.Teachers encourage us to try all kinds of freetime activities. 3.I find it not easy to balance study and hobbies. 4.My parents warn me not to spend too much time on the mobile phone. 5.To improve his handwriting, he practices calligraphy for half an hour every day. 6.We saw some children fly kites on the playground. 7.He managed to finish his painting works on the weekend. 8.The boy is too tired to keep doing handwork. 9.I want you not to give up your hobbies. 10.He plans to join the club to meet more likeminded friends. 2 / 2 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $