Unit 3 Section B（导学案）英语新教材人教版八年级上册

该初中英语导学案围绕“Same or Different?”主题展开，聚焦友谊主题词汇（如mirror, friendship等）、观点表达句型（Should friends be similar or different?等）及形容词/副词比较级语法，通过论坛帖子阅读导入，衔接比较级知识，以单词填空、短语练习等为支架，引导学生用略读、精读策略抓取人物观点与事例，逐步过渡到小组对话和书面输出。 资料以任务驱动提升语言能力，通过区分Matt与Diana不同观点培养辩证思维品质，提供写作模板、思维导图及多样化习题（完形填空、短文填空等）助力学习能力发展，实现从语言输入到综合运用的衔接，帮助学生在真实语境中提升表达与思维能力。

Unit 3 Same or Different? Section B导学案 1. 能识别并朗读友谊主题词汇：`mirror, interest, humour, opinion, honest, similarity, friendship, situation, reach, touch`等；读懂论坛帖子，理解表达交友观点的核心句型：Should friends be similar or different? A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.；能借助略读、精读策略，从阅读文本中抓取人物交友观点、支撑事例等信息，区分 Matt 与 Diana 的不同看法。 2. 能在阅读任务中梳理帖子里人物性格、爱好、能力异同的细节信息，完成表格、问答任务；能模仿文本范例，运用`be similar to、be different from、have…in common、thanks to、care about`及形容词、副词比较级开展小组对话练习，简单阐述自己对朋友异同的看法，做到观点与事例匹配。 3. 能围绕交友话题口头表达个人观点，能结合自身真实交友经历，完成简短书面输出；学会辩证看待朋友之间的相同与差异，懂得尊重差异、珍视友谊，实现语言综合运用能力提升。 重点：1. 掌握友谊主题核心词汇、短语，巩固形容词、副词比较级与`as…as`原级比较结构在观点类语篇当中的运用。 2. 掌握表达观点的句式，能够结合实例简单阐述自己的交友看法。 难点：在口语、书面输出中，把观点 + 具体事例结合起来，有理有据表达自己的交友观，避免只输出观点没有实例。 一、单词填空 1.___________________ n. 镜子 2.___________________ n. 业余爱好；兴趣 v. 使感兴趣 3.___________________ n. 小说 4.___________________ n. 差异 5.___________________ n. 理解力；感觉 6.___________________ n. 幽默；幽默感 7.___________________ n. 看法；意见 8.___________________ adj. 坦诚的；诚实的 9.___________________ adj. 率直的；直接的 10.__________________ n. 相似之处 11.__________________ n. 友谊；友情 12.__________________ n. 米 13.__________________ n. 王子 14.__________________ n. 人物；个性 15.__________________ v. & n. 交换 16.__________________ n. 意外；（交通）事故 17.__________________ adj. 银色的 n. 银 18.__________________ n. 情况；状况 19.__________________ v. 伸手；达到 20.__________________ v. 触动；触碰 【答案】 1. mirror 2. interest 3. novel 4. difference 5. sense 6. humour 7. opinion 8. honest 9. direct 10. similarity 11. friendship 12. metre 13. prince 14. character 15. exchange 16. accident 17. silver 18. situation 19. reach 20. touch 二、短语填空 1.________________________________________ 像镜子一样 2.________________________________________ 在其他方面 3.________________________________________ 稍微；有点 4.________________________________________ 幽默感 5.________________________________________ 害怕做某事 6.________________________________________ 组成一个很棒的团队 7.________________________________________ 归功于；由于；因为 8.________________________________________ 与…… 相似 9.________________________________________ 别的任何人 10._______________________________________ 犯错误 11._______________________________________ 偶然；意外地 12._______________________________________ 在面积方面 13._______________________________________ 平均降雨量 14._______________________________________ 平均温度 15._______________________________________ 一线光明 16._______________________________________ 关心；担心 17._______________________________________ 在不同的情况下 18._______________________________________ 无话不谈 19._______________________________________ 伸手触碰 20._______________________________________ 学习做某事 21._______________________________________ 有影响；发挥作用 22._______________________________________ 触动某人的心 23._______________________________________ 帮助 (某人) 【答案】 1. be like a mirror 2. in other ways 3. kind of 4. a sense of humor 5. be afraid to do sth 6. make a great team 7. thanks to 8. be similar to 9. anyone else 10. make a mistake 11. by accident 12. in area 13. average rainfall 14. average temperature 15. silver lining 16. care about 17. in different situations 18. talk about everything 19. reach for 20. learn to do sth 21. make a difference 22. touch one's heart 23. lend (sb.) a hand 三、翻译 1.What do you ________ ________ ________? 你们有什么共同点？ 2.How are you ________ ________ each other?你们有什么不同？ 3.Chicago is ________ than Guangzhou in July. 芝加哥七月比广州凉爽。 4.Should friends be ________ or ________? 朋友应该是相似的还是不同的呢？ 5. He plays badminton ________ than I do, so he always wins our matches. 他羽毛球打得比我好，所以在我们的比赛中他总是获胜。 6.We often ________ interesting books ________ each other. 我们经常互相分享有趣的书。 7.Now I think ________ new people is really fun! 现在，我觉得认识新朋友真的很有趣！ 8.Lily is ________ than anyone else I know. 莉莉比我认识的其他任何人都有趣。 9.A true friend ________ for your hand and ________ your heart. 真正的朋友会向你伸出援手，触动你的心灵。 【答案】 1. have in common 2. different from 3. cooler 4. similar; different 5. better 6. share; with 7. meeting 8. funnier 9. reaches; touches 知识点1：similar be similar to与……相像的/类似的 　be similar to与……相像的/类似的，相当于be like。 Your new haircut is similar to mine. 你的新发型和我的相似。 Jack is similar to his father in many ways. 杰克在很多方面与他爸爸相似。 similar与in连用时，构成be similar in sth.意为＂在某方面相似/相仿＂。 Ice fishing, a popular winter sport, is similar in many ways to regular fishing. 冰下捕鱼，一个受欢迎的冬季运动，在许多方面与常规钓鱼是相似的。 【易混辨析】be similar to, be similar in (1)be similar to意为＂与……相像的/类似的＂。 (2)be similar in意为＂在……方面相似＂。 【易混辨析】 similar 形容词，意为＂相似的；类似的＂，可作定语和表语。 My best friend and I have similar hobbies. 我和我最好的朋友有相似的爱好。 same 形容词，意为＂相同的；同样的＂，前面要加定冠词the。 They have the same age. 他们的年龄相同。 知识点2：interest 如：She bought an interesting book yesterday. 昨天，她买了一本有趣的书。 She is very interested in traveling. 她对旅游很感兴趣。 在英语中，有两大类动词构成的形容词，一类是­ing 形容词，一般用来形容事物本身的性质，表示“令人……的”，主语一般是物体；另一类是­ed形容词，一般用来形容人的感受，“感到……的”，主语一般是人。 初中常见的这两类形容词有： exciting/excited　　　relaxing/relaxed　　　 boring/bored surprising/surprised　 amazing/amazed　 tiring/tired disappointing/disappointed　moving/moved 知识点3： Thanks to her,I am becoming more outgoing. 【用法详解】thanks to表示“由于；多亏”，在句中作状语，常位于句首。可与because of或with the help of进行转换。 Eg.Thanks to you help, we finished the task on time. 多亏了你的帮助，我们才按时完成了任务。 【易混辨析】thanks to 与 thanks for thanks to 多亏；由于 介词to后跟表示感谢的对象，可以是名词、代词或动词-ing形式 thanks for 因……而感谢 介词for后跟感谢的原因，可以是名词、代词或动词-ing形式 Eg. Thanks to you, I am not lost. 幸亏你我才没迷路。 Eg. Thanks for sending me such a nice present. 谢谢你寄给我这么好的一个礼物。 知识点4：because of 【易混辨析】because of与because“因为；由于” because of 短语介词，后接表示原因的名词、代词或动词-ing形式，但不能引导从句 because 连词，引导原因状语从句 Eg.My sister didn’t go to school today because of her illness. 今天我妹妹因为生病没有去上学。 = My sister didn’t go to school today because she was ill . 知识点5： population 【用法详解】population名词，意为“人口；人口数量”，作主语时谓语动词常用 单数 （单数/复数）形式。 重点：population的用法（1）"the population of...is +数词”，“……的人口数量是多少”，谓语动词用 单数 （单数/复数） （2）基数词+ percent of the population are….“百分之几的人口...”,谓语动词用 复数 （单数/复数） （3）询问人口数量时，用“What’s the population of ……?”=“How large is the population of...?” （4）表示人口“多”时，常用 big 或 large ；表示人口“少”时，常用 small ，而不用much/many或little/few 【注意】对population进行提问时，不能用how many或how much。 Eg.The population of China is much larger that that of the USA. 中国的人口比美国的人口多得多。 Three fifths of the population here are old people. 这里五分之三的人是老人。 —What is the population of your hometown? 你的家乡有多少人口？ —The population of my hometown is about 200,000. 我的家乡大约有二十万人口。 Hundreds of years ago, the world’s population was very small. 数百年前世界人口很少。 知识点6： makes me laugh She makes me laugh and feel better. make sb. do sth.使某人做某事。使役动词make和感官动词see, hear, listen to, look at, watch, notice 等都接不带to的不定式作宾补。help后的不定式可带to，也可不带to。 She made me stay with her. 她让我和她待在一起。 【知识拓展】 (1)make sb./sth. +形容词，表示＂使某人(感到)……；使某物……＂，此时形容词作宾语补足语。此类形容词有happy、sad、pleased、angry、relaxed、scared、comfortable、sick、worried、easy等。 The news makes me happy. 这个消息让我很高兴。 (2)make sb. + 名词，表示＂使某人成为……＂，名词作宾语补足语。 We make him captain. 我们选他当队长。 (3)make sb. + 过去分词，表示＂使某人……被＂，动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，有被动含义，翻译成主动语态形式，sb.可以是反身代词。 She spoke aloud to make herself heard. 她大声说话，以使别人能听到她。 (4)make sb./sth. do表示＂使某人/某物做……＂，不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。注意在被动语态中不定式符号to不能省略。 She made me wait for a long time. 她让我等了很长时间。 Every day I am made to have an egg and some milk. 我每天不得不吃一个鸡蛋，喝一些牛奶。 (5) 常见的后接省略to的不定式作宾补的使役动词 let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 Let me have a try. 让我试一试。 have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 He had me give him a hand. 他让我帮他个忙。 知识点7：care about 关心；在意 Do you care about your future? 你关心自己的未来吗？ He doesn’t care about the news. 他对这条新闻并不关心。 【知识拓展】 （1）care作动词的常用词组还有： care for 喜欢；照料 He cared for her more than she realized. 她不知道他是多么在乎她。 （2）care作名词的常用词组： take care 小心；当心；保重 take care of 照顾；照料（相当于look after) Take care not to make mistakes. 当心别犯错。 Goodbye, and take care! 再见，多保重！ He is old enough to take care of himself. 他足够大，能照顾自己了。 知识点8： reach for reach for 伸手去拿 He reached over for the last cake. 他伸过手来拿最后一块蛋糕。 【易混辨析】 reach＋地点 I reached Beijing last night. 我昨天晚上到达北京。 get to＋地点 I got to Beijing last night. 我昨天晚上到达北京。 arrive in＋大地点 at＋小地点 I arrived in Beijing last night. 我昨晚到达北京。 I arrived at Beijing Airport last night. 我昨晚到达北京机场。 单元写作： 一、写作任务： 话题：对比自己与好朋友，谈谈对友谊的看法；体裁：记叙文 + 议论；时态：一般现在时；词数：80‑100 词 二、篇章结构清单（三段式） 开头（第 1 段）：引出人物，总述我和朋友既有相同点，也有不同点 主体（第 2 段）：先写相同点，再写不同点；使用 but/however 做转折 结尾（第 3 段）：发表自己对友谊的观点，可引用单元金句升华 段落分开写，不要写成一大段 3、 必用语言清单 have a lot in common 有很多共同点 be similar to 与…… 相似 be different from 与…… 不同 in other ways 在其他方面 a sense of humour 幽默感 share…with… 和…… 分享 care about 关心 lend sb. a hand 帮助某人 touch one’s heart 触动心灵 必掌握句型 Both of us… 我们两个都……（写相同点） A is + 比较级 + than B（形容词比较：外貌、性格） A does …+ 比较级 + than B（副词比较：运动、能力） A is as + 原级 + as B（原级比较，“和…… 一样”） 典例： 假设你们学校英文报正在举办以“Friends”为主题的征文活动，请根据以下问题，以“My Best Friend and I”为题，写一篇英语短文投稿。 1. What are the differences between you and your best friend? 2. What are the similarities between you and your best friend? 3. How do you get along with each other? 要求：1. 短文需包含所有问题要点，并适当发挥；2. 词数100左右。 My Best Friend and I ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】示例 My Best Friend and I My best friend is Linda. We have both similarities and differences. Linda is more outgoing than me. She loves talking to people and joining school clubs, while I prefer staying at home reading books. However, we are both hard-working students and we both enjoy listening to pop music. We care about each other a lot. When I don’t do well in exams, Linda always encourages me. When she has problems with her homework, I help her solve them. We often go to the library on weekends and share our favorite books. I’m lucky to have such a good friend, and I hope our friendship will last forever. 【详解】写作步骤    [第一步：审题立意]    确定文体：介绍性记叙文，用一般现在时为主 明确要点：你和最好朋友的不同点、你和最好朋友的相同点、你们彼此如何相处 确定人称：第一人称（I/my） 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称；词数100左右    [第二步：构思布局]    三段式结构： 开头段：总起句，引出自己最好的朋友 主体段：分别介绍和好友的不同之处、相同之处以及彼此相处的方式 结尾段：总结感受，升华友谊主题    [第三步：要点展开]    要点一：你和最好朋友的不同点 人物选择：Linda/Anna/Tom等 性格描述：more outgoing/quieter/more serious等 行为表现：love talking to people/prefer staying at home/join school clubs/enjoy doing sports/like reading books/love watching movies等    要点二：你和最好朋友的相同点 共性选择：hard‑working/helpful/easy‑going等 具体说明：we are both…/we both like…/we enjoy doing…/we are good at…等    要点三：你们如何彼此相处 相处行为：encourage each other/help with homework/go to the library on weekends/share books/give advice/hang out together等 作用效果：care about each other/bring us happiness/make our friendship last forever/make us feel warm等 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．She is much ________ (serious) than her sister. 【答案】more serious 【详解】句意：她比她姐姐严肃得多。句中出现比较级标志词than，表示两者进行对比，形容词需要使用比较级；serious是多音节形容词，它对应的比较级形式为more serious；much可以用来修饰形容词比较级，加强程度。 2．A true friend ________ (touch) your heart deeply. 【答案】touches 【详解】句意：一个真正的朋友深深触动你的心灵。句中主语“A true friend”是单数名词，句子为一般现在时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，touch的三单形式直接加-es，故填touches。 3．In fact, I don’t care about ________ (he). 【答案】him 【详解】句意：事实上，我并不在意他。“care about”是动词短语，“about”为介词，介词后面要用人称代词宾格，he为主格，应变为宾格him，表示“他”。 4．My brother draws ________ (good) than me. 【答案】better 【详解】句意：我的哥哥画得比我好。句中有比较级标志词than，应用比较级；修饰动词draws需用副词，good的副词形式是well，well的比较级为better。 5．This ________ (compete) is very interesting. 【答案】competition 【详解】句意：这场比赛非常有趣。括号内compete意为“竞争、比赛”，句中指示代词“This”后需要接可数名词单数作主语，compete的名词形式是competition，意为“比赛、竞赛”。 6．We should pay attention to the ________ (different) between the two words. 【答案】differences 【详解】句意：我们应该注意这两个词之间的不同之处。句中“the…between”表明需用名词形式，且“between the two words”提示不止一处差异，应用复数形式，different的名词形式是difference，其复数形式是直接在词尾加s，即differences。 7．The book is worth reading because it teaches you how to behave well in different ________ (situation). 【答案】situations 【详解】句意：这本书值得一读，因为它教你在不同的场合举止得体。different“不同的”后面必须接可数名词复数，situation复数形式为situations，故填situations。 8．Studies are the rooms used for reading and writing, ________ (especial) in someone’s home. 【答案】especially 【详解】句意：书房是用于阅读和写作的房间，尤其是在某人的家里。空格修饰介词短语“in someone’s home”，需要使用副词。especial是形容词，它的副词形式为especially，故填especially。 9．A good sense of ________ (humorous) can change your life. 【答案】humor 【详解】句意：良好的幽默感能够改变你的生活。空格处位于介词“of”之后，需要填入名词；括号内给出的humorous是形容词，对应的名词形式是humor；a sense of humor是常用搭配，意为“幽默感”。 10．The height of Mount Huangshan is more than 1864 ________ (metre). 【答案】metres 【详解】句意：黄山的高度超过1864米。句中“1864”为大于1的基数词，后面接可数名词复数，metre的复数形式为metres。故填metres。 11．There is a big ________ (different) in color of these two shirts. 【答案】difference 【详解】句意：这两件衬衫在颜色上有很大差别。different是形容词，表示“不同的”。空格前有不定冠词a和形容词big，此处需要名词作句子主语，different对应的名词形式为difference。 12．This storybook is ________ (interesting) than the one I read yesterday, so I won’t read it again. 【答案】less interesting 【详解】句意：这本故事书不如我昨天看的那本有趣，所以我不会再读它了。than是比较级的标志词，此处需用形容词的比较级形式。后半句“so I won’t read it again”说明这本书不如昨天读的那本有趣，interesting是多音节形容词，表示“不如……有趣”，应用“less + 形容词原级”的结构。 13．Can you find some ________ (similar) between the two paintings, Matt? 【答案】similarities 【详解】句意：马特，你能找出这两幅画之间的一些相似之处吗？some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，similar的名词形式是similarity，表示“相似之处，共同点”，可数名词，其复数形式为similarities。 14．My dad and I think ________ (like) about most things. 【答案】alike 【详解】句意：我爸爸和我在大多数事情上想法一致。此处需用副词修饰动词think，alike意为“相似地”，副词。故填alike。 15．His second story was even ________ (funny) than the first one. It made everyone laugh happily. 【答案】funnier 【详解】句意：他的第二个故事比第一个还要有趣，让所有人开怀大笑。句中出现关键词“than”，表明此处需要使用形容词的比较级。funny的比较级为funnier。 二、根据汉语提示填空 1．This problem is not as ________ (难) as that one. 【答案】difficult 【详解】句意：这个问题不像那个问题一样难。as和as中间要使用形容词或副词的原级，此处空前有系动词is，需要填入形容词原级，对应中文“难”的常用初中核心词汇是difficult。 2．Jim is a ________ (勤奋的) student, and he always gets good grades. 【答案】hard-working 【详解】句意：Jim是一名勤奋的学生，他总是取得好成绩。“勤奋的”对应的是英文形容词，用来修饰后面的名词student，符合要求的常用核心词汇就是hard-working，语义贴合语境。 3．This story is as ________ (令人兴奋的) as that one. 【答案】exciting 【详解】句意：这个故事和那个故事一样令人兴奋。exciting“令人兴奋的”，形容事物；as+形容词原级+as“和……一样”，直接填入即可。 4．My father likes telling ________ (笑话) to make us happy. 【答案】jokes 【详解】句意：我的爸爸喜欢讲笑话来逗我们开心。joke“笑话”，名词，“讲笑话”的常用英文表达是tell jokes，这里用复数表示泛指一类事物。 5．Who is ________ (更聪明的), Li Lei or Han Meimei? 【答案】smarter 【详解】句意：李雷和韩梅梅谁更聪明？两者之间比较，要用形容词比较级。smart“聪明的”的比较级是smarter。 6．My sister is ________ (更外向的) than me, and she has many friends. 【答案】more outgoing 【详解】句意：我姐姐比我更外向，她有很多朋友。outgoing意为“外向的”，than提示用比较级，outgoing是多音节形容词，变为比较级时在单词前加more，故填more outgoing。 7．Mary is ________ (更擅长) dancing than me. 【答案】better at 【详解】句意：Mary比我更擅长跳舞。中文“擅长”对应的英语短语是be good at。根据关键词“than”和括号内的中文提示可知，空处需要使用比较级。good的比较级是better。将“be good at”变为比较级形式“be better at”。句中已有系动词is。应填better at。 8．My friend Tom ________ (关心) me very much and he always helps me when I’m sad. 【答案】cares about 【详解】句意：我的朋友汤姆非常关心我，当我难过的时候他总是帮助我。汉语提示“关心”对应固定短语care about。句中“always”是一般现在时的标志，主语My friend Tom为第三人称单数，一般现在时中主语为三单时谓语动词要变为第三人称单数形式，care变为cares，故填cares about。 9．I hope I can become as ________ (受欢迎的) as my idol. 【答案】popular 【详解】句意：我希望我能变得和我的偶像一样受欢迎。as…as中间要使用形容词原级，“受欢迎的”对应的英文形容词为popular。 10．Our English teacher is very ________ (幽默的) , his classes are always interesting. 【答案】humorous 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师十分幽默，他的课总是很有趣。空格处在be动词is后作表语，需要填入形容词，“幽默的”对应的英文形容词为humorous。 11．Her singing is ________ (更好听的) than before. 【答案】better 【详解】句意：她的演唱比以前更好听了。根据句中的“than”表示比较含义，以及括号内提示的中文“更好听的”可知，此处需要填入形容词比较级better。 12．Lucy’s hair is ________ (更长的) than Lily’s. 【答案】longer 【详解】句意：露西的头发比莉莉的更长。句中出现than表示两者作比较，形容词要使用比较级，long的比较级为longer。 13．Linda is ________ (更有天赋的) at drawing than her brother. 【答案】more talented 【详解】句意：琳达在画画方面比她哥哥更有天赋。根据“than”可知，此处使用形容词比较级，more talented“更有天赋的”。 14．The __________ (比赛) is about singing. 【答案】competition 【详解】句意：这场比赛和唱歌有关。句中be动词为is，说明主语是单数名词；中文提示“比赛”，对应的英文单词为competition。 15．__________ (事实上), I don’t like playing sports. 【答案】In fact 【详解】句意：事实上，我不喜欢做运动。“事实上”的英文固定搭配为in fact，通常位于句首，用逗号与主句隔开，句首首字母大写，故填In fact。 三、单项选择 1．My brother is ________ than me. A．outgoing B．more outgoing C．most outgoing D．outgoinger 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我哥哥比我更外向。根据句中的关键词“than”可知，此处表示两者之间的比较，应用形容词的比较级。outgoing是多音节形容词，其比较级形式是在前面加more。 2．Lucy sings as ________ as her sister. A．good B．better C．well D．best 【答案】C 【详解】句意：露西唱歌和她姐姐一样好。good好的；better更好的；well好地；best最好的。“as ... as”表示“和……一样”，中间需用形容词或副词的原级，排除B和D；此处修饰动词sings，需用副词well，排除A。 3．My friend cares ________ me very much. A．about B．of C．for D．with 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的朋友非常关心我。 about关于；of……的；for为了；with和。固定搭配 care about 意为“关心，在乎”，符合句意。 4．Who is ________, Tom or Jim? A．hard-working B．more hard-working C．most hard-working D．the most hard-working 【答案】B 【详解】句意：谁更勤奋，汤姆还是吉姆？hard-working勤奋的；more hard-working更勤奋的；most hard-working最勤奋的；the most hard-working最勤奋的。根据“Tom or Jim”可知，是两者之间的比较，应使用形容词的比较级；hard-working是多音节形容词，其比较级形式是在前面加more。 5．Could you please ________ me clean the classroom after school? A．helping B．to help C．helps D．help 【答案】D 【详解】句意：放学后你能帮我打扫教室吗？Could是情态动词，后接动词原形，且“Could you please do sth.”为固定礼貌请求句型。故选D。 6．________ many people are different, they can still be good friends. A．Though B．But C．So D．Because 【答案】A 【详解】句意：虽然许多人不同，他们仍然可以是好朋友。 Though虽然；But但是；So所以；Because因为。前句“许多人不同”与后句“他们仍然可以是好朋友”之间存在让步关系，且主句中有still提示，Though符合语境。 7．My sister is similar ________ me, but my brother is different ________ us. A．to; from B．from; to C．to; to D．from; from 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我姐姐和我相似，但是我哥哥和我们不同。 to（引出比较或比率的第二部分）比；from（区别二者时用）与……（不同）。be similar to与……相似；be different from与……不同。根据固定搭配可知，第一空填to，第二空填from。 8．Many friends have a lot ________ common. A．at B．on C．in D．for 【答案】C 【详解】句意：许多朋友有很多共同点。at在；on在……上面；in在……里面；for为了。根据固定搭配have...in common意为“有……共同点”，可知此处应填介词in。 9．—Whose handwriting is better, yours or Lucy’s? —Lucy’s is much ________. A．good B．well C．better D．best 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——谁的书写更好，你的还是露西的？——露西的好得多。 good好的；well好地；better更好的；best最好的。根据“Whose handwriting is better, yours or Lucy’s?”可知，是两者进行比较，应用比较级，且much修饰比较级，故用better。 10．—She has a great ________ in painting. She takes painting lessons every week. —No wonder she paints so well. A．mirror B．bridge C．secret D．interest 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——她对绘画有很大的兴趣。她每周都上绘画课。——难怪她画得这么好。 mirror镜子；bridge桥；secret秘密；interest兴趣。根据“She takes painting lessons every week."及"No wonder she paints so well.”可知她每周上课且画得好，说明对绘画有很大兴趣。have an interest in为固定搭配，意为“对……感兴趣”。 四、完成句子 1．真正的朋友会向你伸出援手。 A true friend ________ ________ your hand. 【答案】 reaches for 【详解】原句中“向你伸出援手”是关键词，在英文谚语中常表达为“伸手去牵你的手”，对应英文短语reach for your hand。句子陈述的是一般事实或真理，应使用一般现在时。主语“A true friend”是第三人称单数，因此动词reach需变reaches。空格后是“your hand”，动词reach在此处为不及物用法，需加介词for构成短语reach for“伸手去拿/牵”。应填reaches；for。 2．我的爱好和你的相似。 My hobbies are ________ ________ yours. 【答案】 similar to 【详解】对比中英文句子，空缺处对应中文的“和……相似”，对应的英文固定短语为“be similar to”。故填similar；to。 3．我们之间有很多共同点。 We have a lot ________ ________. 【答案】 in common 【详解】对比中英文句子，空缺处对应中文的“有共同点”，对应的英文固定短语为have sth in common。故填in；common。 4．虽然我们爱好不同，但我们依然是好朋友。 ________ our hobbies are different, we are still good friends. 【答案】Although/Though 【详解】原句“虽然”是关键词，句中需要连词引导让步状语从句，表示 “虽然”，although/though符合句意，句首首字母大写。故填Although/Though。 5．在我看来，保护动物就是保护我们自己。 ________ ________ ________, protecting animals is protecting ourselves. 【答案】 In my opinion 【详解】原句中“在我看来”是关键词，对应的固定短语是in my opinion，句首首字母需要大写。 6．多亏了航天员，我们能够获得更多关于宇宙的知识。 ________ ________ the taikonauts, we can get more knowledge about the universe. 【答案】 Thanks to 【详解】原句中“多亏；由于”是关键词，表示 “多亏；由于” 的短语是thanks to，位于句首首字母大写。 7．许多动物因为人类活动而处于危险之中。 Many animals are in danger ________ ________ human activities. 【答案】 because of 【详解】原句中“因为”是关键词，“因为”对应的固定短语为because of。后半句human activities是名词短语，because of后面接名词、代词或名词短语。 8．邻居们总是乐于帮忙。 The neighbours are always willing to ________ ________ ________ . 【答案】 lend a hand 【详解】原句中“帮忙”对应固定短语lend a hand，be willing to后接动词原形，符合短语搭配与句子语境。 9．如果你尽自己最大努力去说英语，你就会说得更好。 If you try your best to speak English, you will ________ ________ ________ it. 【答案】 be better at 【详解】原句关键词“说得更好”。will后面接动词原形，be better at表示在……方面做得更好，是be good at的比较级。故填be；better；at。 10．人无完人。我偶尔也会犯错。 Nobody is perfect. I also ________ ________ ________ once in a while. 【答案】 make a mistake 【详解】根据中文提示，空处意为“犯错”，常用表达为make a mistake；时间状语once in a while（偶尔）表明句子描述的是习惯性动作或客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语是I，谓语动词使用原形make。 11．王老师是真的关心这个班上的学生。 Mr. Wang really ________ ________ the students in this class. 【答案】 cares about 【详解】原句中“关心”是关键词，表示“关心”的英文是care about，陈述事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Mr. Wang为单数，谓语动词用三单形式cares。 12．在小说中，王子与贫儿偶然交换了生活。 In the novel, the prince and the poor boy exchanged their lives ____________________. 【答案】by accident 【详解】原句中“偶然”是关键词，固定搭配by accident，此处作状语。 13．安徽有很多美丽的山川。例如，你可以去黄山看云海。 Anhui has many beautiful mountains and rivers. ________ ________, you can go to Mount Huangshan to see the sea of clouds. 【答案】 For example 【详解】原句中“例如”是核心关键词，对应的英文固定短语是For example，用于引出具体的示例来佐证前一句提到的安徽有诸多美景的内容，放在句首首字母大写，符合句子的语境和语法要求。 14．那个感人的故事深深地触动了我的内心。 That moving story really ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 touched my heart 【详解】原句中“触动了我的内心”是关键词，对应动词短语touch my heart。描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。故填touched；my；heart。 15．当我感到悲伤或有问题时，她让我发笑，让我感觉更好。   When I feel sad or have a problem, she ________ me ________ and feel better. 【答案】 makes laugh 【详解】原句中“让”是关键词，表示“使、让某人做某事”的固定短语是make sb. do sth.。本句主语she是第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用三单形式makes。原句中“发笑”是关键词，固定结构make sb.后接动词原形作宾语补足语，表达“发笑”用动词laugh，故填makes；laugh。 五、完形填空 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。 “Good morning!” I shout (大喊) to my classmates when I go to the classroom. “ 1 !” A voice (声音) comes up to me. I turn around (转身) and see a cute 2 looking at me. “I’m Ann. What’s 3 name?” she asks. “I’m Sun Fan.” I say. “Nice to meet you, Sun Fan!” “Nice to meet you, too. Let’s be 4 ,” I say to her. Ann is from Canada. “An Ge” is her Chinese 5 . She’s thirteen years old, the same 6 as me. Ann likes drawing pictures. She 7 me a picture of her family. In the picture, her father wears a white shirt. He is a 8 in a hospital. He helps people with their health. Her mother is in a blue dress. She is a worker and she works in a toy 9 . “Look at my little brother!” she says, “He has a toy rabbit in his hands. It’s a gift (礼物) 10 my mother.” Ann also loves reading books. There are some 11 about animals in her schoolbag. “What do you like?” Ann asks 12 . “I love sports. Let’s 13 basketball on weekends!” I suggest (提议). “Great! I love playing basketball, too. And I can play (the) 15 . Do you love music?” Ann asks. From that day on, Ann and I 15 each other with our homework. We always have a great time doing things together. 1．A．Hello B．Goodbye C．Thanks D．Sorry 2．A．toy B．driver C．boy D．girl 3．A．my B．your C．his D．her 4．A．classmates B．teachers C．friends D．families 5．A．family B．school C．name D．number 6．A．text B．food C．job D．age 7．A．shows B．sets C．cooks D．ties 8．A．worker B．doctor C．teacher D．cook 9．A．park B．school C．restaurant D．factory 10．A．from B．with C．about D．at 11．A．trees B．dresses C．books D．bikes 12．A．me B．you C．her D．him 13．A．watch B．play C．draw D．see 14．A．game B．basketball C．guitar D．football 15．A．know B．help C．visit D．teach 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了孙凡在教室认识来自加拿大的新朋友Ann，两人互相介绍，分享家庭情况、兴趣爱好，之后成为互帮互助的好朋友的故事。 【详解】1．句意：“你好！”一个声音朝我传来。 前文作者到教室和同学打招呼，此处是女孩回应问候，Hello“你好”契合上下文；Goodbye“再见”、Thanks“谢谢”、Sorry“对不起”，和初次见面打招呼的语境不符。 2．句意：我转过身，看见一个可爱的女孩正看着我。 后文出现人名Ann，是女生名字，girl“女孩”契合上下文；toy“玩具”、driver“司机”、boy“男孩”，和后文人物身份冲突。 3．句意：我是Ann，你叫什么名字？ 这是两人初次相识，Ann询问对方的名字，your“你的”契合上下文；my“我的”、his“他的”、her“她的”，不符合对话问答逻辑。 4．句意：我也很高兴见到你，让我们做朋友吧。 两人初次相识，彼此投缘，提出成为朋友，friends“朋友”契合上下文；classmates“同班同学”、teachers“老师”、families“家人”，和刚认识的情景不匹配。 5．句意：“安歌”是她的中文名字。 An Ge是中文称呼，name“名字”契合上下文；family“家庭”、school“学校”、number“号码”，语义代入不通。 6．句意：她十三岁，和我年龄一样。 前文交代两人的年龄信息，固定搭配the same age as表示和某人同龄，age“年龄”契合上下文；text“文本”、food“食物”、job“工作”，无法用来描述年龄相关内容。 7．句意：她给我看一张她家的全家福。 后文开始描述照片里面的人物，show sb. sth.意为“把某物展示给某人看”，shows“展示”契合上下文；sets“放置”、cooks“烹饪”、ties“系”，和看照片的语境无关。 8．句意：他是医院里的一名医生。 后文写他帮助病人，地点是hospital医院，doctor“医生”契合上下文；worker“工人”、teacher“老师”、cook“厨师”，不在医院救治病人。 9．句意：她是一名工人，她在一家工厂上班。 本句介绍Ann妈妈的职业身份worker，factory“工厂”是工人工作的场所，契合上下文；park“公园”、school“学校”、restaurant“餐馆”，和worker这一职业身份不匹配。 10．句意：这是来自我妈妈的礼物。 前文介绍弟弟手中的玩具兔子，本句说明礼物的赠送人，from“来自”契合上下文；with“和”、about“关于”、at“在”，不能表达礼物的来源关系。 11．句意：她的书包里面有一些关于动物的书。 前文提到Ann喜欢读书，books“书”契合上下文；trees“树”、dresses“连衣裙”、bikes“自行车”，不会放在书包用来阅读。 12．句意：Ann问我：“你喜欢什么？” 整篇以第一人称叙述，Ann向“我”提出问题，me“我”契合上下文；you“你”、her“她”、him“他”，人称逻辑不对。 13．句意：我们周末打篮球吧！ 后文Ann回应自己也爱打篮球，固定搭配play basketball表示打篮球，play“打（球）”契合上下文；watch“观看”、draw“画画”、see“看见”，不能搭配球类basketball。 14．句意：太棒了！我也喜欢打篮球，而且我会弹吉他。 乐器前面要加定冠词the，guitar“吉他”是乐器，契合上下文；game“游戏”、basketball“篮球”、football“足球”属于球类，不加the。 15．句意：从那天起，Ann和我在作业上互相帮助。 全文结尾讲述两人成为好友后的日常，help each other with homework是固定搭配，help“帮助”契合上下文；know“知道”、visit“拜访”、teach“教授”，不符合两人搭档写作业的语境。 六、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 friend, character, fight, personality, want, help, they, much, different, please The Oath of the Peach Garden (《桃园三结义》) is a famous story in Chinese history. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the country was in a mess. Three 1 , Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, met by chance in Zhuo County. They found that although they had different 2 , they shared the same ambition of 3 the people and restoring (恢复) peace. Zhang Fei was 4 outgoing than Liu Bei and Guan Yu. They were all brave. Deeply impressed by each other, they decided to become brothers although they had many 5 . One spring day, in a 6 peach garden, they set up an altar (祭坛) and became brothers. They 7 to help one another through thick and thin, to be loyal to each other, and to fight for 8 common goal. From then on, they 9 side by side in many battles, facing difficulties together. Their brotherly love and loyalty became a symbol of true 10 , and their story has been passed down through generations, inspiring people with the value of loyalty and unity. 【答案】 1．characters 2．personalities 3．helping 4．more 5．differences 6．pleasant 7．wanted 8．their 9．fought 10．friendship 【导语】本文讲述《桃园三结义》的经典历史故事，介绍刘备、关羽、张飞相遇结拜的经过，赞颂三人同甘共苦、彼此忠义的兄弟情谊。 【详解】1．句意：三位人物，刘备、关羽和张飞，在涿郡偶然相遇。空格前有数词Three，后接可数名词复数；后文列举刘备、关羽和张飞三位人物，character表示“人物”，复数形式为characters。 2．句意：他们发现虽然他们的性格各不相同，却有着救助百姓、恢复天下太平的共同抱负。different后接可数名词复数；后文介绍各自的性格，personality意为“性格”，复数形式为personalities，契合后文语境。 3．句意：他们发现虽然他们的性格各不相同，却有着救助百姓、恢复天下太平的共同抱负。介词of后面需要使用动名词形式；help表示“帮助、救助”，动名词形式为helping，表示救助百姓。 4．句意：张飞比刘备、关羽更加外向。句中出现比较级标志词than，much的比较级为more，more outgoing表示“更加外向”。 5．句意：他们彼此深深欣赏，尽管存在诸多差异，他们仍决定结为兄弟。many后接可数名词复数；different形容词，名词形式为difference，复数为differences，表示他们有许多不同。 6．句意：春日的一天，在一座宜人的桃园中，他们设立祭坛结拜为兄弟。空格修饰名词peach garden，please变形为形容词pleasant，意为“令人舒心的、宜人的”修饰花园。 7．句意：他们想要同甘共苦、彼此忠义，为共同目标奋斗。全文为过去时态；want to do sth.“想要做某事”，其过去式为wanted，此处表示他们想要同甘共苦。 8．句意：他们想要同甘共苦、彼此忠义，为共同目标奋斗。空格修饰名词goal；此处表示他们共同的目标，they需转换为形容词性物主代词their，表示“他们的”。 9．句意：自此之后，他们并肩作战，共同面对重重困境。句子缺少谓语动词，From then on提示动作发生在过去，表示并肩作战；fight“战斗”的过去式为fought。 10．句意：他们的兄弟情义与忠诚成为真挚友谊的象征，他们的故事代代相传，以忠诚与团结的精神价值激励着后人。true是形容词，后面接名词；此处表示他们的友谊，需填入friendship，表示“友谊”，符合语境。 七、短文填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Should friends be similar or different? Different people hold different 1 (opinion). Matt believes a good friend is just like a mirror. We can know a person better through 2 (they) friends. Matt and his friend Stephen share similar hobbies. They play badminton together, but Stephen plays 3 (well) than Matt. Both of them are quiet. Matt reads history books while Stephen reads novels. They often share 4 (interest) books with each other. Diana is a quiet girl. She doesn’t think friends must be the same. We should respect each other’s differences and learn from one another. Her best friend Yuan Lei is 5 (difference) from her. Yuan Lei is outgoing and humorous. Thanks 6 Yuan Lei, Diana becomes more outgoing little by little. Now she thinks meeting new people is 7 (real) fun. Zhang Yong is another friend of Diana’s. He is 8 honest boy. He dares 9 (give) his real ideas, especially when Diana makes mistakes. 10 Diana is less straightforward than him, she feels lucky to have such a friend. 【答案】 1．opinions 2．their 3．better 4．interesting 5．different 6．to 7．really 8．an 9．to give 10．Though/Although 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要围绕 “朋友应该相似还是不同” 这一话题，介绍了Matt、Diana等人各自不同的看法。 【详解】1．句意：朋友应该相似还是不同？不同的人持有不同的观点。different表示“不同的”，后接可数名词复数。需用“opinion”的复数形式“opinions”。 2．句意：我们可以通过一个人的朋友更好地了解这个人。后面有名词“friends”，“they”是主格，要用形容词性物主代词修饰，需用“their”。 3．句意：他们一起打羽毛球，但是Stephen打得比Matt好。“than”是比较级标志，需用“well”的比较级“better”。 4．句意：他们经常互相分享有趣的书籍。形容词修饰事物“books”，interesting表示“令人感兴趣的”，修饰事物；interested一般用来修饰人，需用“interesting”。 5．句意：她最好的朋友袁磊和她不一样。固定短语：be different from，表示“与……不同”，需用“different”。 6．句意：多亏袁磊，Diana渐渐变得更加外向。固定短语：thanks to，表示“多亏、由于”，需用“to”。 7．句意：现在她认为认识新朋友真的很有意思。空格修饰形容词“fun”，要用副词。需用形容词“real”的副词形式“really”。 8．句意：他是一个诚实的男孩。“boy”为单数可数名词，表泛指用不定冠词，honest读音以元音音素开头，需用“an”。 9．句意：他敢于说出自己真实的想法，尤其是Diana犯错的时候。固定搭配：dare to do sth.表示“敢于做某事”，需用不定式“to give”。 10．句意：虽然Diana没有他直率，但拥有这样的朋友，她感到很幸运。前后两句存在让步关系，引导让步状语从句。位于句首，单词首字母大写，需用“Though”或“Although”。 八、补全对话 (Tom and Lucy are talking about friends.) Tom: Hi, Lucy! 1 Lucy: Oh, my best friend is Emma. We’re very different. Tom: Really? 2 Lucy: No, I am more outgoing than her instead. Emma is quiet but thoughtful. Tom: Do you feel happy when you stay together? Lucy: 3 We feel quite relaxed. Tom: That’s nice! When do you usually meet? Lucy: 4 We are both busy on weekdays. Tom: 5 Lucy: We usually watch movies, play games, and sometimes just talk for hours. Tom: Sounds like you get along (相处) well! 【答案】1．Who is your best friend? 2．Is she more outgoing than you? 3．Yes, we do. 4．We usually meet on weekends. 5．What do you usually do together? 【导语】本文是一段关于“朋友”的对话。Tom询问Lucy她最好的朋友是谁，以及她们之间的异同、相处模式、见面时间以及一起做的事情等。Lucy逐一作答，分享了与好朋友Emma的相处细节。 【详解】1．根据下文Lucy的回答“Oh, my best friend is Emma. We’re very different.”可知，Tom是在询问Lucy谁是她最好的朋友。特殊疑问句“Who is your best friend?”符合语境。 2．根据下文Lucy的回答“No, I am more outgoing than her instead. Emma is quiet but thoughtful.”可知，Tom是在询问Emma是否比Lucy更外向。结合回答中的“No”和比较级，可知问句“Is she more outgoing than you?”符合语境。 3．根据上文Tom的提问“Do you feel happy when you stay together?”可知，这是一个由“Do”引导的一般疑问句，回答应为肯定或否定。结合下文“We feel quite relaxed.”可知，她们在一起时感觉放松、开心，所以作肯定回答“Yes, we do.”。 4．根据上文Tom的提问“When do you usually meet?”可知，Tom是在询问见面的时间。结合下文“We are both busy on weekdays.”可知，她们通常在周末见面，因此“We usually meet on weekends.”符合语境。 5．根据下文Lucy的回答“We usually watch movies, play games, and sometimes just talk for hours.”可知，Tom是在询问她们通常一起做什么。特殊疑问句“What do you usually do together?”符合语境。 1．本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结）：_________________________________________________ 2．今日错题 / 不懂的内容：_______________________________________________________________ 3．我的改进小计划： _________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Same or Different? Section B导学案 1. 能识别并朗读友谊主题词汇：`mirror, interest, humour, opinion, honest, similarity, friendship, situation, reach, touch`等；读懂论坛帖子，理解表达交友观点的核心句型：Should friends be similar or different? A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.；能借助略读、精读策略，从阅读文本中抓取人物交友观点、支撑事例等信息，区分 Matt 与 Diana 的不同看法。 2. 能在阅读任务中梳理帖子里人物性格、爱好、能力异同的细节信息，完成表格、问答任务；能模仿文本范例，运用`be similar to、be different from、have…in common、thanks to、care about`及形容词、副词比较级开展小组对话练习，简单阐述自己对朋友异同的看法，做到观点与事例匹配。 3. 能围绕交友话题口头表达个人观点，能结合自身真实交友经历，完成简短书面输出；学会辩证看待朋友之间的相同与差异，懂得尊重差异、珍视友谊，实现语言综合运用能力提升。 重点：1. 掌握友谊主题核心词汇、短语，巩固形容词、副词比较级与`as…as`原级比较结构在观点类语篇当中的运用。 2. 掌握表达观点的句式，能够结合实例简单阐述自己的交友看法。 难点：在口语、书面输出中，把观点 + 具体事例结合起来，有理有据表达自己的交友观，避免只输出观点没有实例。 一、单词填空 1.___________________ n. 镜子 2.___________________ n. 业余爱好；兴趣 v. 使感兴趣 3.___________________ n. 小说 4.___________________ n. 差异 5.___________________ n. 理解力；感觉 6.___________________ n. 幽默；幽默感 7.___________________ n. 看法；意见 8.___________________ adj. 坦诚的；诚实的 9.___________________ adj. 率直的；直接的 10.__________________ n. 相似之处 11.__________________ n. 友谊；友情 12.__________________ n. 米 13.__________________ n. 王子 14.__________________ n. 人物；个性 15.__________________ v. & n. 交换 16.__________________ n. 意外；（交通）事故 17.__________________ adj. 银色的 n. 银 18.__________________ n. 情况；状况 19.__________________ v. 伸手；达到 20.__________________ v. 触动；触碰 二、短语填空 1.________________________________________ 像镜子一样 2.________________________________________ 在其他方面 3.________________________________________ 稍微；有点 4.________________________________________ 幽默感 5.________________________________________ 害怕做某事 6.________________________________________ 组成一个很棒的团队 7.________________________________________ 归功于；由于；因为 8.________________________________________ 与…… 相似 9.________________________________________ 别的任何人 10._______________________________________ 犯错误 11._______________________________________ 偶然；意外地 12._______________________________________ 在面积方面 13._______________________________________ 平均降雨量 14._______________________________________ 平均温度 15._______________________________________ 一线光明 16._______________________________________ 关心；担心 17._______________________________________ 在不同的情况下 18._______________________________________ 无话不谈 19._______________________________________ 伸手触碰 20._______________________________________ 学习做某事 21._______________________________________ 有影响；发挥作用 22._______________________________________ 触动某人的心 23._______________________________________ 帮助 (某人) 三、翻译 1.What do you ________ ________ ________? 你们有什么共同点？ 2.How are you ________ ________ each other?你们有什么不同？ 3.Chicago is ________ than Guangzhou in July. 芝加哥七月比广州凉爽。 4.Should friends be ________ or ________? 朋友应该是相似的还是不同的呢？ 5. He plays badminton ________ than I do, so he always wins our matches. 他羽毛球打得比我好，所以在我们的比赛中他总是获胜。 6.We often ________ interesting books ________ each other. 我们经常互相分享有趣的书。 7.Now I think ________ new people is really fun! 现在，我觉得认识新朋友真的很有趣！ 8.Lily is ________ than anyone else I know. 莉莉比我认识的其他任何人都有趣。 9.A true friend ________ for your hand and ________ your heart. 真正的朋友会向你伸出援手，触动你的心灵。 知识点1：similar be similar to与……相像的/类似的 　be similar to与……相像的/类似的，相当于be like。 Your new haircut is similar to mine. 你的新发型和我的相似。 Jack is similar to his father in many ways. 杰克在很多方面与他爸爸相似。 similar与in连用时，构成be similar in sth.意为＂在某方面相似/相仿＂。 Ice fishing, a popular winter sport, is similar in many ways to regular fishing. 冰下捕鱼，一个受欢迎的冬季运动，在许多方面与常规钓鱼是相似的。 【易混辨析】be similar to, be similar in (1)be similar to意为＂与……相像的/类似的＂。 (2)be similar in意为＂在……方面相似＂。 【易混辨析】 similar 形容词，意为＂相似的；类似的＂，可作定语和表语。 My best friend and I have similar hobbies. 我和我最好的朋友有相似的爱好。 same 形容词，意为＂相同的；同样的＂，前面要加定冠词the。 They have the same age. 他们的年龄相同。 知识点2：interest 如：She bought an interesting book yesterday. 昨天，她买了一本有趣的书。 She is very interested in traveling. 她对旅游很感兴趣。 在英语中，有两大类动词构成的形容词，一类是­ing 形容词，一般用来形容事物本身的性质，表示“令人……的”，主语一般是物体；另一类是­ed形容词，一般用来形容人的感受，“感到……的”，主语一般是人。 初中常见的这两类形容词有： exciting/excited　　　relaxing/relaxed　　　 boring/bored surprising/surprised　 amazing/amazed　 tiring/tired disappointing/disappointed　moving/moved 知识点3： Thanks to her,I am becoming more outgoing. 【用法详解】thanks to表示“由于；多亏”，在句中作状语，常位于句首。可与because of或with the help of进行转换。 Eg.Thanks to you help, we finished the task on time. 多亏了你的帮助，我们才按时完成了任务。 【易混辨析】thanks to 与 thanks for thanks to 多亏；由于 介词to后跟表示感谢的对象，可以是名词、代词或动词-ing形式 thanks for 因……而感谢 介词for后跟感谢的原因，可以是名词、代词或动词-ing形式 Eg. Thanks to you, I am not lost. 幸亏你我才没迷路。 Eg. Thanks for sending me such a nice present. 谢谢你寄给我这么好的一个礼物。 知识点4：because of 【易混辨析】because of与because“因为；由于” because of 短语介词，后接表示原因的名词、代词或动词-ing形式，但不能引导从句 because 连词，引导原因状语从句 Eg.My sister didn’t go to school today because of her illness. 今天我妹妹因为生病没有去上学。 = My sister didn’t go to school today because she was ill . Eg.My sister didn’t go to school today because of her illness. 今天我妹妹因为生病没有去上学。 = My sister didn’t go to school today because she was ill . 知识点5： population 【用法详解】population名词，意为“人口；人口数量”，作主语时谓语动词常用 单数 （单数/复数）形式。 重点：population的用法（1）"the population of...is +数词”，“……的人口数量是多少”，谓语动词用 单数 （单数/复数） （2）基数词+ percent of the population are….“百分之几的人口...”,谓语动词用 复数 （单数/复数） （3）询问人口数量时，用“What’s the population of ……?”=“How large is the population of...?” （4）表示人口“多”时，常用 big 或 large ；表示人口“少”时，常用 small ，而不用much/many或little/few 【注意】对population进行提问时，不能用how many或how much。 Eg.The population of China is much larger that that of the USA. 中国的人口比美国的人口多得多。 Three fifths of the population here are old people. 这里五分之三的人是老人。 —What is the population of your hometown? 你的家乡有多少人口？ —The population of my hometown is about 200,000. 我的家乡大约有二十万人口。 Hundreds of years ago, the world’s population was very small. 数百年前世界人口很少。 知识点6： makes me laugh She makes me laugh and feel better. make sb. do sth.使某人做某事。使役动词make和感官动词see, hear, listen to, look at, watch, notice 等都接不带to的不定式作宾补。help后的不定式可带to，也可不带to。 She made me stay with her. 她让我和她待在一起。 【知识拓展】 (1)make sb./sth. +形容词，表示＂使某人(感到)……；使某物……＂，此时形容词作宾语补足语。此类形容词有happy、sad、pleased、angry、relaxed、scared、comfortable、sick、worried、easy等。 The news makes me happy. 这个消息让我很高兴。 (2)make sb. + 名词，表示＂使某人成为……＂，名词作宾语补足语。 We make him captain. 我们选他当队长。 (3)make sb. + 过去分词，表示＂使某人……被＂，动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，有被动含义，翻译成主动语态形式，sb.可以是反身代词。 She spoke aloud to make herself heard. 她大声说话，以使别人能听到她。 (4)make sb./sth. do表示＂使某人/某物做……＂，不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。注意在被动语态中不定式符号to不能省略。 She made me wait for a long time. 她让我等了很长时间。 Every day I am made to have an egg and some milk. 我每天不得不吃一个鸡蛋，喝一些牛奶。 (5) 常见的后接省略to的不定式作宾补的使役动词 let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 Let me have a try. 让我试一试。 have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 He had me give him a hand. 他让我帮他个忙。 知识点7：care about 关心；在意 Do you care about your future? 你关心自己的未来吗？ He doesn’t care about the news. 他对这条新闻并不关心。 【知识拓展】 （1）care作动词的常用词组还有： care for 喜欢；照料 He cared for her more than she realized. 她不知道他是多么在乎她。 （2）care作名词的常用词组： take care 小心；当心；保重 take care of 照顾；照料（相当于look after) Take care not to make mistakes. 当心别犯错。 Goodbye, and take care! 再见，多保重！ He is old enough to take care of himself. 他足够大，能照顾自己了。 知识点8： reach for reach for 伸手去拿 He reached over for the last cake. 他伸过手来拿最后一块蛋糕。 【易混辨析】 reach＋地点 I reached Beijing last night. 我昨天晚上到达北京。 get to＋地点 I got to Beijing last night. 我昨天晚上到达北京。 arrive in＋大地点 at＋小地点 I arrived in Beijing last night. 我昨晚到达北京。 I arrived at Beijing Airport last night. 我昨晚到达北京机场。 单元写作： 一、写作任务： 话题：对比自己与好朋友，谈谈对友谊的看法；体裁：记叙文 + 议论；时态：一般现在时；词数：80‑100 词 二、篇章结构清单（三段式） 开头（第 1 段）：引出人物，总述我和朋友既有相同点，也有不同点 主体（第 2 段）：先写相同点，再写不同点；使用 but/however 做转折 结尾（第 3 段）：发表自己对友谊的观点，可引用单元金句升华 段落分开写，不要写成一大段 3、 必用语言清单 have a lot in common 有很多共同点 be similar to 与…… 相似 be different from 与…… 不同 in other ways 在其他方面 a sense of humour 幽默感 share…with… 和…… 分享 care about 关心 lend sb. a hand 帮助某人 touch one’s heart 触动心灵 必掌握句型 Both of us… 我们两个都……（写相同点） A is + 比较级 + than B（形容词比较：外貌、性格） A does …+ 比较级 + than B（副词比较：运动、能力） A is as + 原级 + as B（原级比较，“和…… 一样”） 典例： 假设你们学校英文报正在举办以“Friends”为主题的征文活动，请根据以下问题，以“My Best Friend and I”为题，写一篇英语短文投稿。 1. What are the differences between you and your best friend? 2. What are the similarities between you and your best friend? 3. How do you get along with each other? 要求：1. 短文需包含所有问题要点，并适当发挥；2. 词数100左右。 My Best Friend and I ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】示例 My Best Friend and I My best friend is Linda. We have both similarities and differences. Linda is more outgoing than me. She loves talking to people and joining school clubs, while I prefer staying at home reading books. However, we are both hard-working students and we both enjoy listening to pop music. We care about each other a lot. When I don’t do well in exams, Linda always encourages me. When she has problems with her homework, I help her solve them. We often go to the library on weekends and share our favorite books. I’m lucky to have such a good friend, and I hope our friendship will last forever. 【详解】写作步骤    [第一步：审题立意]    确定文体：介绍性记叙文，用一般现在时为主 明确要点：你和最好朋友的不同点、你和最好朋友的相同点、你们彼此如何相处 确定人称：第一人称（I/my） 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称；词数100左右    [第二步：构思布局]    三段式结构： 开头段：总起句，引出自己最好的朋友 主体段：分别介绍和好友的不同之处、相同之处以及彼此相处的方式 结尾段：总结感受，升华友谊主题    [第三步：要点展开]    要点一：你和最好朋友的不同点 人物选择：Linda/Anna/Tom等 性格描述：more outgoing/quieter/more serious等 行为表现：love talking to people/prefer staying at home/join school clubs/enjoy doing sports/like reading books/love watching movies等    要点二：你和最好朋友的相同点 共性选择：hard‑working/helpful/easy‑going等 具体说明：we are both…/we both like…/we enjoy doing…/we are good at…等    要点三：你们如何彼此相处 相处行为：encourage each other/help with homework/go to the library on weekends/share books/give advice/hang out together等 作用效果：care about each other/bring us happiness/make our friendship last forever/make us feel warm等 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．She is much ________ (serious) than her sister. 2．A true friend ________ (touch) your heart deeply. 3．In fact, I don’t care about ________ (he). 4．My brother draws ________ (good) than me. 5．This ________ (compete) is very interesting. 6．We should pay attention to the ________ (different) between the two words. 7．The book is worth reading because it teaches you how to behave well in different ________ (situation). 8．Studies are the rooms used for reading and writing, ________ (especial) in someone’s home. 9．A good sense of ________ (humorous) can change your life. 10．The height of Mount Huangshan is more than 1864 ________ (metre). 11．There is a big ________ (different) in color of these two shirts. 12．This storybook is ________ (interesting) than the one I read yesterday, so I won’t read it again. 13．Can you find some ________ (similar) between the two paintings, Matt? 14．My dad and I think ________ (like) about most things. 15．His second story was even ________ (funny) than the first one. It made everyone laugh happily. 二、根据汉语提示填空 1．This problem is not as ________ (难) as that one. 2．Jim is a ________ (勤奋的) student, and he always gets good grades. 3．This story is as ________ (令人兴奋的) as that one. 4．My father likes telling ________ (笑话) to make us happy. 5．Who is ________ (更聪明的), Li Lei or Han Meimei? 6．My sister is ________ (更外向的) than me, and she has many friends. 7．Mary is ________ (更擅长) dancing than me. 8．My friend Tom ________ (关心) me very much and he always helps me when I’m sad. 9．I hope I can become as ________ (受欢迎的) as my idol. 10．Our English teacher is very ________ (幽默的) , his classes are always interesting. 11．Her singing is ________ (更好听的) than before. 12．Lucy’s hair is ________ (更长的) than Lily’s. 13．Linda is ________ (更有天赋的) at drawing than her brother. 14．The __________ (比赛) is about singing. 15．__________ (事实上), I don’t like playing sports. 三、单项选择 1．My brother is ________ than me. A．outgoing B．more outgoing C．most outgoing D．outgoinger 2．Lucy sings as ________ as her sister. A．good B．better C．well D．best 3．My friend cares ________ me very much. A．about B．of C．for D．with 4．Who is ________, Tom or Jim? A．hard-working B．more hard-working C．most hard-working D．the most hard-working 5．Could you please ________ me clean the classroom after school? A．helping B．to help C．helps D．help 6．________ many people are different, they can still be good friends. A．Though B．But C．So D．Because 7．My sister is similar ________ me, but my brother is different ________ us. A．to; from B．from; to C．to; to D．from; from 8．Many friends have a lot ________ common. A．at B．on C．in D．for 9．—Whose handwriting is better, yours or Lucy’s? —Lucy’s is much ________. A．good B．well C．better D．best 10．—She has a great ________ in painting. She takes painting lessons every week. —No wonder she paints so well. A．mirror B．bridge C．secret D．interest 四、完成句子 1．真正的朋友会向你伸出援手。 A true friend ________ ________ your hand. 2．我的爱好和你的相似。 My hobbies are ________ ________ yours. 3．我们之间有很多共同点。 We have a lot ________ ________. 4．虽然我们爱好不同，但我们依然是好朋友。 ________ our hobbies are different, we are still good friends. 5．在我看来，保护动物就是保护我们自己。 ________ ________ ________, protecting animals is protecting ourselves. 6．多亏了航天员，我们能够获得更多关于宇宙的知识。 ________ ________ the taikonauts, we can get more knowledge about the universe. 7．许多动物因为人类活动而处于危险之中。 Many animals are in danger ________ ________ human activities. 8．邻居们总是乐于帮忙。 The neighbours are always willing to ________ ________ ________ . 9．如果你尽自己最大努力去说英语，你就会说得更好。 If you try your best to speak English, you will ________ ________ ________ it. 10．人无完人。我偶尔也会犯错。 Nobody is perfect. I also ________ ________ ________ once in a while. 11．王老师是真的关心这个班上的学生。 Mr. Wang really ________ ________ the students in this class. 12．在小说中，王子与贫儿偶然交换了生活。 In the novel, the prince and the poor boy exchanged their lives ____________________. 13．安徽有很多美丽的山川。例如，你可以去黄山看云海。 Anhui has many beautiful mountains and rivers. ________ ________, you can go to Mount Huangshan to see the sea of clouds. 14．那个感人的故事深深地触动了我的内心。 That moving story really ________ ________ ________. 15．当我感到悲伤或有问题时，她让我发笑，让我感觉更好。   When I feel sad or have a problem, she ________ me ________ and feel better. 五、完形填空 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。 “Good morning!” I shout (大喊) to my classmates when I go to the classroom. “ 1 !” A voice (声音) comes up to me. I turn around (转身) and see a cute 2 looking at me. “I’m Ann. What’s 3 name?” she asks. “I’m Sun Fan.” I say. “Nice to meet you, Sun Fan!” “Nice to meet you, too. Let’s be 4 ,” I say to her. Ann is from Canada. “An Ge” is her Chinese 5 . She’s thirteen years old, the same 6 as me. Ann likes drawing pictures. She 7 me a picture of her family. In the picture, her father wears a white shirt. He is a 8 in a hospital. He helps people with their health. Her mother is in a blue dress. She is a worker and she works in a toy 9 . “Look at my little brother!” she says, “He has a toy rabbit in his hands. It’s a gift (礼物) 10 my mother.” Ann also loves reading books. There are some 11 about animals in her schoolbag. “What do you like?” Ann asks 12 . “I love sports. Let’s 13 basketball on weekends!” I suggest (提议). “Great! I love playing basketball, too. And I can play (the) 15 . Do you love music?” Ann asks. From that day on, Ann and I 15 each other with our homework. We always have a great time doing things together. 1．A．Hello B．Goodbye C．Thanks D．Sorry 2．A．toy B．driver C．boy D．girl 3．A．my B．your C．his D．her 4．A．classmates B．teachers C．friends D．families 5．A．family B．school C．name D．number 6．A．text B．food C．job D．age 7．A．shows B．sets C．cooks D．ties 8．A．worker B．doctor C．teacher D．cook 9．A．park B．school C．restaurant D．factory 10．A．from B．with C．about D．at 11．A．trees B．dresses C．books D．bikes 12．A．me B．you C．her D．him 13．A．watch B．play C．draw D．see 14．A．game B．basketball C．guitar D．football 15．A．know B．help C．visit D．teach 六、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 friend, character, fight, personality, want, help, they, much, different, please The Oath of the Peach Garden (《桃园三结义》) is a famous story in Chinese history. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the country was in a mess. Three 1 , Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, met by chance in Zhuo County. They found that although they had different 2 , they shared the same ambition of 3 the people and restoring (恢复) peace. Zhang Fei was 4 outgoing than Liu Bei and Guan Yu. They were all brave. Deeply impressed by each other, they decided to become brothers although they had many 5 . One spring day, in a 6 peach garden, they set up an altar (祭坛) and became brothers. They 7 to help one another through thick and thin, to be loyal to each other, and to fight for 8 common goal. From then on, they 9 side by side in many battles, facing difficulties together. Their brotherly love and loyalty became a symbol of true 10 , and their story has been passed down through generations, inspiring people with the value of loyalty and unity. 七、短文填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Should friends be similar or different? Different people hold different 1 (opinion). Matt believes a good friend is just like a mirror. We can know a person better through 2 (they) friends. Matt and his friend Stephen share similar hobbies. They play badminton together, but Stephen plays 3 (well) than Matt. Both of them are quiet. Matt reads history books while Stephen reads novels. They often share 4 (interest) books with each other. Diana is a quiet girl. She doesn’t think friends must be the same. We should respect each other’s differences and learn from one another. Her best friend Yuan Lei is 5 (difference) from her. Yuan Lei is outgoing and humorous. Thanks 6 Yuan Lei, Diana becomes more outgoing little by little. Now she thinks meeting new people is 7 (real) fun. Zhang Yong is another friend of Diana’s. He is 8 honest boy. He dares 9 (give) his real ideas, especially when Diana makes mistakes. 10 Diana is less straightforward than him, she feels lucky to have such a friend. 八、补全对话 (Tom and Lucy are talking about friends.) Tom: Hi, Lucy! 1 Lucy: Oh, my best friend is Emma. We’re very different. Tom: Really? 2 Lucy: No, I am more outgoing than her instead. Emma is quiet but thoughtful. Tom: Do you feel happy when you stay together? Lucy: 3 We feel quite relaxed. Tom: That’s nice! When do you usually meet? Lucy: 4 We are both busy on weekdays. Tom: 5 Lucy: We usually watch movies, play games, and sometimes just talk for hours. Tom: Sounds like you get along (相处) well! 1．本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结）：_________________________________________________ 2．今日错题 / 不懂的内容：_______________________________________________________________ 3．我的改进小计划： _________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $