Unit 5 Power of Ideas（知识清单）英语新教材人教版九年级上册

该初中英语Unit 5“思想的力量”知识清单系统整合了主题相关内容，涵盖分类词汇（名词、动词、形容词）、实用交际句型、一般过去时被动语态语法及“介绍发明”写作指导，搭建从词汇积累到句型运用、语法实践再到写作输出的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“词汇-音标-例句-汉译”联动呈现知识，语法模块含主动被动转换步骤与课文原句示例，写作提供万能框架及基础/进阶范文，易错点辨析标注高频错误。设计贴合语言能力培养（词汇句型运用）与思维品质提升（语法逻辑分析），助力学生自主学习，教师可据此精准教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit 5 Power of Ideas 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、名词： ___________ /ɪnˈvenʃn/n. 发明；发明物 ____________________________________________ 译：造纸术是一项伟大的发明。 ___________ /ɪnˈventə(r)/n. 发明家；发明者 ____________________________________________ 译：马可尼是一位伟大的发明家。 ___________ /ˈdɪstəns/n. 距离 ____________________________________________ 译：他们远距离传送信息。 ___________ /ɪˈfekt/n. 影响；效果 ____________________________________________ 译：收音机对音乐产生巨大影响。 ___________/məˈtɪəriəl/n. 材料；原料 ____________________________________________ 译：他们使用很多不同的书写材料。 ___________ /ˈmeθəd/n. 方法；办法 ____________________________________________ 译：他们尝试了不同的造纸方法。 ___________ /bɑːk/n. 树皮 ____________________________________________ 译：他用树皮造纸。 ___________ /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/n. 原料；成分 ____________________________________________ 译：把所有原料混合在一起。 ___________ /ˈlɪkwɪd/n. 液体 ____________________________________________ 译：把浆液倒在筛子上。 ___________ /ˈfaɪbə(r)/n. 纤维 ____________________________________________ 译：纸由植物纤维制成。 ___________/tekˈniːk/n. 技术；工艺 ____________________________________________ 译：我们学习了造纸工艺。 ___________ /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/n. 文明 ____________________________________________ 译：它极大改变了世界文明。 ___________/preɪz/n. 赞扬；表扬 ____________________________________________ 译：他得到皇帝的高度赞扬。 ___________ /rɪˈzʌlt/n. 结果 ____________________________________________ 译：这是努力工作的结果。 2、 动词： ___________/ɪnˈvent/v. 发明；创造 ____________________________________________ 译：谁发明了收音机？ ___________ /spred/v. 传播；扩散（过去式 / 过去分词 spread） ____________________________________________ 译：新闻通过收音机迅速传播。 ___________ /dɪˈveləp/v. 研制；开发；发展 ____________________________________________ 译：他在 19 世纪 90 年代完善了这个构想。 ___________ /ɪˈmædʒɪn/v. 想象；设想 ____________________________________________ 译：你能想象没有纸的生活吗？ ___________ /dɪˈpend/v. 依靠；依赖 ____________________________________________ 译：书籍离不开造纸术。 ___________ /stɔː(r)/v. 储存；保存 ____________________________________________ 译：竹简很难保存。 ___________ /sɒlv/v. 解决 ____________________________________________ 译：蔡伦想要解决这个难题。 ___________/bɔɪl/v. 煮沸；蒸煮 ____________________________________________ 译：把原料放在水里蒸煮。 ___________/biːt/v. 捶打；敲打（过去式 beat，过去分词 beaten） ____________________________________________ 译：捶打原料把它们打碎。 ___________ /pres/v. 按压；压平 ____________________________________________ 译：把纤维压平做成纸张。 ___________ /preɪz/v. 赞扬；表扬 ____________________________________________ 译：皇帝赞扬了蔡伦的功绩。 ___________ /rɪˈzʌlt/v. 导致 ____________________________________________ 译：这造成了书籍数量的快速增长。 三、形容词 adj. 1. ___________/ˈræpɪd/adj. 迅速的；快速的 ____________________________________________ 译：它带来了信息的快速传播。 ___________ /ˈeɪnʃənt/adj. 古代的；古老的 ____________________________________________ 译：我们可以从古代中国学到很多东西。 ___________ /ɪkˈspensɪv/adj. 昂贵的 ____________________________________________ 译：在古代丝绸十分昂贵。 ___________ /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/adj. 邻近的；周边的 ____________________________________________ 译：这项技艺传到了周边邻国。 短 语 of all time 有史以来 例：It is one of the greatest inventions of all time. 译：它是有史以来最伟大的发明之一。 have to be 一定是；肯定是 例：It has to be the most useful invention. 译：它肯定是最有用的发明。 spread around the world 传遍全世界 例：The news spread around the world soon. 译：这条消息很快传遍全世界。 for the first time 第一次 例：A message crossed the Atlantic for the first time. 译：信号第一次跨越大西洋传送。 have a big effect on… 对…… 产生巨大影响 例：Computers have a big effect on our life. 译：电脑对我们的生活产生巨大影响。 depend on 依靠；取决于 例：Our success depends on hard work. 译：我们的成功依靠努力。 be responsible for 是…… 的原因；促成 例：He was responsible for this great invention. 译：他促成了这项伟大的发明。 solve the problem 解决问题 例：He tried his best to solve the problem. 译：他尽全力去解决这个问题。 suitable to do sth 适合做某事 例：This material is suitable to write on. 译：这种材料适合书写。 to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 例：To our surprise, the paper was very good. 译：令我们惊讶的是，这种纸质量很好。 later on 后来；之后 例：Later on, the technique spread to other lands. 译：后来，这项工艺传到其他地区。 speed up 加速；加快 例：Papermaking speeded up culture development. 译：造纸术加快了文化的发展。 result in 导致；造成 例：The new technology resulted in great changes. 译：这项新技术带来了巨大的改变。 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 1、 谈论发明、评价发明： What do you think is the most useful invention of all time? 译：你认为有史以来最有用的发明是什么？ It has to be the radio. 译：肯定是收音机。 Why do you think it is so useful? 译：你为什么认为它如此有用？ Before … was invented, information travelled very slowly. 译：在…… 被发明之前，信息传播十分缓慢。 It made the world much smaller. 译：它大大缩短了世界的距离。 News could be spread around the world in seconds. 译：新闻可以在几秒钟之内传遍全世界。 Who was the inventor? 译：发明者是谁？ He / She developed the idea in the …s. 译：他 / 她在…… 年代完善了这个构想。 … was /were invented by … 译：…… 是由…… 发明的。 二、介绍发明的历史与影响： For the first time, a radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean. 译：无线电信号第一次跨越大西洋传送。 That was quite a distance at that time. 译：在那个年代，那可是相当遥远的距离。 Because of this invention, some other important inventions were developed as well. 译：得益于这项发明，其他一些重要发明也相继问世。 It also had a big effect on music /people’s life. 译：它也对音乐 / 人们的生活产生了巨大影响。 Can you imagine a world without books or newspapers? 译：你能想象一个没有书籍和报纸的世界吗？ All of these things depend on one great invention. 译：所有这些事物都离不开一项伟大的发明。 It was responsible for the rapid spread of information. 译：它促成了信息的快速传播。 In ancient China, people used many different materials to write on. 译：在中国古代，人们使用各种各样的材料来书写。 However, all of these materials were either difficult to use or very expensive. 译：然而，这些材料要么不好使用，要么价格十分昂贵。 He became interested in trying to solve the problem. 译：他一心想要解决这个难题。 To everyone’s surprise, this paper was soft, light and cheap. 译：令所有人惊讶的是，这种纸柔软、轻便而且价格低廉。 The emperor was very pleased and praised him for his great work. 译：皇帝十分满意，对他的杰出功绩大加赞赏。 The technique not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. 译：这项工艺不仅加快了中华文化的发展，也改变了世界各地的文明。 It first spread to neighbouring countries and finally reached Europe. 译：它最先传到周边邻国，最终传入欧洲。 This led to a rapid increase in the number of books. 译：这使得书籍的数量迅速增长。 It resulted in a new birth of knowledge. 译：它带来了知识的蓬勃新生。 三、口语问答简短应答： —Which invention do you like best? —I like papermaking best. It changes the whole world. 译：—— 你最喜欢哪项发明？ —— 我最喜欢造纸术。它改变了整个世界。 —What is the influence of this invention? —It helps people spread information more quickly. 译：—— 这项发明的影响是什么？ —— 它帮助人们更快地传播信息。 —What would our life be like without this invention? —Our life would be much harder. 译：—— 如果没有这项发明，我们的生活会是什么样子？ —— 我们的生活会艰难得多。 语法 一般过去时的被动语态 写作 介绍一项伟大的发明（历史、制作、影响、个人看法） 一、知识点精讲 It has to be the radio. 译：肯定是收音机。 have to be 此处表示推测，意为 “肯定是，一定是”，表十分有把握的推断。 Before the radio was invented, information travelled very slowly. 译：在收音机被发明之前，信息传播十分缓慢。 本句含有一般过去时被动语态 was invented。before 引导时间状语从句。 The world was made much smaller by the radio. 译：收音机让世界的距离大大缩短。 much 用来修饰比较级 smaller，表示 “…… 得多”；by 引出动作的执行者。 news could be spread around the world in seconds. 译：新闻几秒钟就可以传遍全球。 news 不可数名词；could be spread 情态动词的被动语态；in seconds 在几秒钟之内。 many different materials were used to write on 译：各式各样的材料被用来书写。 be used to do 被用来做某事。 However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store or very expensive. 译：但这些书写材料要么不好使用、难以保存，要么价格十分昂贵。 either…or… 要么…… 要么……，连接两个并列成分。 二、核心语法精讲 一般过去时的被动语态 1. 基本构成 肯定句：主语 + was /were + 过去分词 否定句：主语 + was /were + not + 过去分词 一般疑问句：Was / Were + 主语 + 过去分词？ - 主语单数 / 不可数名词 → was + 过去分词 - 主语复数 → were + 过去分词 2. 含义 表示过去某件事被做，主语是动作的承受者，不强调动作执行者，或者不知道执行者。 例句： A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time. 译：一则无线电信号第一次被跨越大西洋传送。 All of these things depended on one invention.（主动） → One invention was needed for all of these things.（被动） 译：所有这些东西都需要一项发明。 3. by 的用法（引出动作执行者） 结构：…was/were + 过去分词 + by + 动作发出者 例：The radio was invented by Guglielmo Marconi. 译：收音机是由古列尔莫・马可尼发明的。 4. 主动语态变被动语态步骤 1. 主动句宾语变为被动句主语 2. 谓语改为 was /were + 过去分词 3. 主动句主语放 by 后面（可省略） 主动：He developed the idea in the 1890s. 译：他在 19 世纪 90 年代完善了这个构想。 被动：The idea was developed by him in the 1890s. 译：这个构想在 19 世纪 90 年代由他完善。 5. 课文原句例句 1. In 1901, a radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time. 译：1901 年，一则无线电信号第一次被跨越大西洋传送。 2. Paper was made from jute in Western Han Dynasty. 译：西汉时期，纸由黄麻制成。 3. The papermaking technique was spread to neighbouring countries. 译：造纸工艺被传到周边的国家。 三、单元写作清单 一、单元写作主题 主题：介绍一项伟大的发明（历史、制作、影响、个人看法） 核心考点：一般过去时被动语态、not only…but also、result in、have an effect on 词数要求：80–100词（考场标准） 二、万能写作框架（直接套用） 第一段：开篇点题，引出发明 Among all great inventions, I think ________ is the most useful one. 第二段：介绍发明背景与发明者（被动语态） It was invented by ________ in ________. Before it was invented, people ________. The materials were easy to get and the price was low. 第三段：介绍影响（本单元高分句型） It not only changed people’s life, but also spread around the world. It has a great effect on the development of culture. 第四段：个人观点总结 In my opinion, it is truly a life‑changing invention. 三、基础满分范文（简单好背、零错误） Topic: The Greatest Invention — Papermaking Among all great inventions, I think papermaking is the most useful one of all time. It was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Before papermaking was invented, people wrote on bamboo, stone or silk. Those materials were either hard to store or very expensive. Cai Lun used bark, old cloth and plant fibre to make new paper. The paper was light, soft and cheap. Papermaking not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed world civilizations. It resulted in the rapid spread of knowledge around the world. In my opinion, it is one of the greatest inventions in history. （词数：92） 四、进阶高分范文（句式丰富、适合冲满分） Topic: A Useful Invention — The Radio In my mind, the radio is one of the most wonderful inventions ever made. It was invented by an Italian inventor called Guglielmo Marconi. In the 1890s, Marconi developed the idea of wireless communication. In 1901, a radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time. Before the radio appeared, information travelled very slowly and could not spread far. The radio has a big effect on the whole world. It makes it possible for news and music to spread around the world in seconds. It not only connects people far away, but also influences the development of later inventions like television. Thanks to this great invention, our world becomes much smaller and more connected. （词数：98） 五、本单元写作高分万能句（必背） 1. It was invented by... in... 它是由……在……发明的。 2. Before it was invented, people lived a hard life. 在它被发明之前，人们生活很不便。 3. It is one of the most important inventions of all time. 它是有史以来最重要的发明之一。 4. It not only improves our life, but also changes the world. 它不仅改善了我们的生活，也改变了世界。 5. It has a great effect on human civilization. 它对人类文明产生了巨大影响。 6. It results in the rapid spread of information and knowledge. 它促成了信息和知识的快速传播。 7. To my surprise, this simple invention changed the whole world. 令我惊讶的是，这项简单的发明改变了全世界。 六、写作扣分避坑要点 1. 写发明历史统一用过去时被动（was/were + 过去分词） 2. not only…but also 连接并列结构，前后句式保持一致 3. 坚决避免中式句子，优先使用课文原句、背诵套句 4. 结尾必须加个人观点，保证结构完整 易错点01 invent /invention/inventor 词义混淆 【错因辨析】 invent v. 发明；invention n. 发明物；inventor n. 发明家 错：Cai Lun was a great invention. 对：Cai Lun was a great inventor. 译：蔡伦是一位伟大的发明家。 易错点02 result in 和 result from 【错因辨析】 result in + 结果：导致……（主语是原因） result from + 原因：由…… 造成（主语是结果） 例：The new technique resulted in great changes. 这项新技术带来巨大变化。 Great changes resulted from the new technique. 巨大变化源于这项新技术。 易错点03 语法易错（一般过去时被动语态，） 【错因辨析】 1. was /were 判断错误 单数主语、不可数名词用 was；复数主语用 were 错：Many method was tried. 对：Many methods were tried. 很多方法被尝试。 2. 被动语态漏掉 was/were（高频错误） 被动必须要有 be 动词，不能直接用过去分词 错：The message sent across the ocean. 对：The message was sent across the ocean. 消息被跨洋传送。 3. by 的用法 by 后面接动作执行者；不知道执行者时可以省略 by 短语。 The radio was invented by Marconi. 收音机由马可尼发明。 4. 主动、被动混用 主动：He developed the idea. 他完善这个构想。 被动：The idea was developed by him. 这个构想由他完善。 5. 情态动词被动：could be + 过去分词 News could be spread in seconds. 新闻可以几秒内传播开。 一、单项选择 1．—The little robot can dance and sing. —Yes! It can do many things all by ________. A．herself B．himself C．itself D．themselves 2．—Your new photos are really beautiful. Where did you take them? —I took them with my new ________ in the park. A．camera B．radio C．wallet D．notebook 3．—The smart robot can help with housework. Would you like to buy one? —I’d love to, but it’s too expensive. I’m afraid I can’t ________ it. A．mention B．afford C．cancel D．support 4．With the development of AI technology, many traditional jobs are being replaced ________ by machines. A．gradually B．especially C．luckily D．soundly 5．The artist designed a new lamp in the ________ of a lotus flower, which looks very elegant. A．size B．colour C．shape D．sound 6．The monitor is a(n) ________ student. He always finishes his tasks on time and helps others. A．funny B．honest C．confident D．responsible 7．—I’m going to visit the China Science and Technology Museum this Sunday. —________ Can I go with you? A．Sounds boring. B．I’m not sure. C．That’s cool! D．Don’t mention it. 8．The solar-powered car, like many other green inventions, is not perfect ________. But it shows a hopeful future. A．himself B．itself C．herself D．themselves 9．When Tom ________ why he was late for class, he kept silent and lowered his head. A．asks B．was asked C．will be asked D．is asked 10．The terrible earthquake ________ the loss of thousands of homes in the area. A．resulted from B．resulted in C．turned into D．looked forward to 二、阅读理解 As one of China’s most famous inventions, papermaking is a great treasure of ancient civilization, which greatly changed human life. Before its creation, people depended on heavy bamboo slips, expensive silk, or hard animal bones to record information. These materials were either hard to carry or too costly, making it difficult for people to share knowledge widely. The earliest paper dates back to the Western Han Dynasty. It was made from simple plant materials like hemp and rags (麻类和破布), but the quality was not good enough for daily use. This invention slowly developed, and people kept trying to find better ways to make paper. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun made a major improvement in papermaking. He used common and easy-to-get materials such as bark, straw, and old fishing nets. This change made paper cheaper and more practical. Soon, paper became popular among people, greatly pushing the development of education and culture. Papermaking later spread to other countries through trade and cultural exchange. It first reached Asian countries, then spread to Europe, and finally to all parts of the world. Even today, paper remains an important part of our daily life, from books to documents. This ancient Chinese invention still shows its lasting value in connecting people and spreading knowledge. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 11．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By making a comparison. C．By giving an opinion. D．By offering a suggestion. 12．The passage is mainly written in the order of ________. A．ideas B．time C．places D．persons 13．What was the problem with the earliest paper in the Western Han Dynasty? A．It was too heavy to carry. B．It was made from expensive materials. C．It could not record information clearly. D．Its quality was not suitable for daily use. 14．Why did Cai Lun’s improvement make paper popular? A．He used rare and valuable materials. B．It made paper more expensive but better. C．It made paper cheaper and more practical. D．He was a famous inventor in the Eastern Han Dynasty. 15．Which of the following is true about the last paragraph? A．Papermaking spread to Europe first. B．Papermaking only spread within Asia. C．Paper is no longer used in modern life. D．Trade helped papermaking spread globally. 三、单词拼写 16．Our office bought a new ________ (打印机) to print teaching materials. 17．We are learning the history of this great ________ (发明) in class today. 18．Using too many ________ (塑料的) products is harmful to our environment. 19．The ice will ________ (融化) when the temperature rises. 20．________ (造纸术) changed the whole world. 四、完成句子 21．后来，人们持续改良这项古老的发明技术。 ________ ________, people kept improving this ancient invention technology. 22．现代科技被迅速且广泛地使用到各行各业。 Modern technology is used ________ and ________ in all walks of life. 23．People should protect the natural environment.（改为被动语态） The natural environment ________ ________ ________ by people. 24．我们正试图找到更好的塑料回收利用方法。 We are ________ ________ find better ways to recycle plastic. 25．每年成千上万的游客前来参观这座科技博物馆。 ________ ________ visitors come to visit the Science and Technology Museum every year. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Power of Ideas 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、名词： invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/n. 发明；发明物 例：Papermaking is a great invention. 译：造纸术是一项伟大的发明。 inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/n. 发明家；发明者 例：Marconi was a great inventor. 译：马可尼是一位伟大的发明家。 distance /ˈdɪstəns/n. 距离 例：They sent messages over a long distance. 译：他们远距离传送信息。 effect /ɪˈfekt/n. 影响；效果 例：The radio had a big effect on music. 译：收音机对音乐产生巨大影响。 material /məˈtɪəriəl/n. 材料；原料 例：They used many different writing materials. 译：他们使用很多不同的书写材料。 method /ˈmeθəd/n. 方法；办法 例：They tried different methods for making paper. 译：他们尝试了不同的造纸方法。 bark /bɑːk/n. 树皮 例：He used tree bark to make paper. 译：他用树皮造纸。 ingredient /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/n. 原料；成分 例：Mix all the ingredients together. 译：把所有原料混合在一起。 liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/n. 液体 例：Pour the liquid onto the screen. 译：把浆液倒在筛子上。 fibre /ˈfaɪbə(r)/n. 纤维 例：Paper is made from plant fibre. 译：纸由植物纤维制成。 technique /tekˈniːk/n. 技术；工艺 例：We learned the papermaking technique. 译：我们学习了造纸工艺。 civilization /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/n. 文明 例：It greatly changed world civilizations. 译：它极大改变了世界文明。 praise /preɪz/n. 赞扬；表扬 例：He won high praise from the emperor. 译：他得到皇帝的高度赞扬。 result /rɪˈzʌlt/n. 结果 例：This is the result of hard work. 译：这是努力工作的结果。 2、 动词： invent /ɪnˈvent/v. 发明；创造 例：Who invented the radio? 译：谁发明了收音机？ spread /spred/v. 传播；扩散（过去式 / 过去分词 spread） 例：News spread quickly by radio. 译：新闻通过收音机迅速传播。 develop /dɪˈveləp/v. 研制；开发；发展 例：He developed this new idea in the 1890s. 译：他在 19 世纪 90 年代完善了这个构想。 imagine /ɪˈmædʒɪn/v. 想象；设想 例：Can you imagine life without paper? 译：你能想象没有纸的生活吗？ depend /dɪˈpend/v. 依靠；依赖 例：Books depend on papermaking. 译：书籍离不开造纸术。 store /stɔː(r)/v. 储存；保存 例：Bamboo books were hard to store. 译：竹简很难保存。 solve /sɒlv/v. 解决 例：Cai Lun wanted to solve this problem. 译：蔡伦想要解决这个难题。 boil /bɔɪl/v. 煮沸；蒸煮 例：Boil the ingredients in water. 译：把原料放在水里蒸煮。 beat /biːt/v. 捶打；敲打（过去式 beat，过去分词 beaten） 例：Beat the materials to break them down. 译：捶打原料把它们打碎。 press /pres/v. 按压；压平 例：Press the fibre to make paper. 译：把纤维压平做成纸张。 praise /preɪz/v. 赞扬；表扬 例：The emperor praised Cai Lun for his work. 译：皇帝赞扬了蔡伦的功绩。 result /rɪˈzʌlt/v. 导致 例：It resulted in a rapid increase of books. 译：这造成了书籍数量的快速增长。 三、形容词 adj. 1. rapid /ˈræpɪd/adj. 迅速的；快速的 例：It led to the rapid spread of information. 译：它带来了信息的快速传播。 ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/adj. 古代的；古老的 例：We can learn much from ancient China. 译：我们可以从古代中国学到很多东西。 expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/adj. 昂贵的 例：Silk was very expensive in old days. 译：在古代丝绸十分昂贵。 neighbouring /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/adj. 邻近的；周边的 例：The skill spread to neighbouring countries. 译：这项技艺传到了周边邻国。 短 语 of all time 有史以来 例：It is one of the greatest inventions of all time. 译：它是有史以来最伟大的发明之一。 have to be 一定是；肯定是 例：It has to be the most useful invention. 译：它肯定是最有用的发明。 spread around the world 传遍全世界 例：The news spread around the world soon. 译：这条消息很快传遍全世界。 for the first time 第一次 例：A message crossed the Atlantic for the first time. 译：信号第一次跨越大西洋传送。 have a big effect on… 对…… 产生巨大影响 例：Computers have a big effect on our life. 译：电脑对我们的生活产生巨大影响。 depend on 依靠；取决于 例：Our success depends on hard work. 译：我们的成功依靠努力。 be responsible for 是…… 的原因；促成 例：He was responsible for this great invention. 译：他促成了这项伟大的发明。 solve the problem 解决问题 例：He tried his best to solve the problem. 译：他尽全力去解决这个问题。 suitable to do sth 适合做某事 例：This material is suitable to write on. 译：这种材料适合书写。 to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 例：To our surprise, the paper was very good. 译：令我们惊讶的是，这种纸质量很好。 later on 后来；之后 例：Later on, the technique spread to other lands. 译：后来，这项工艺传到其他地区。 speed up 加速；加快 例：Papermaking speeded up culture development. 译：造纸术加快了文化的发展。 result in 导致；造成 例：The new technology resulted in great changes. 译：这项新技术带来了巨大的改变。 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 1、 谈论发明、评价发明： What do you think is the most useful invention of all time? 译：你认为有史以来最有用的发明是什么？ It has to be the radio. 译：肯定是收音机。 Why do you think it is so useful? 译：你为什么认为它如此有用？ Before … was invented, information travelled very slowly. 译：在…… 被发明之前，信息传播十分缓慢。 It made the world much smaller. 译：它大大缩短了世界的距离。 News could be spread around the world in seconds. 译：新闻可以在几秒钟之内传遍全世界。 Who was the inventor? 译：发明者是谁？ He / She developed the idea in the …s. 译：他 / 她在…… 年代完善了这个构想。 … was /were invented by … 译：…… 是由…… 发明的。 二、介绍发明的历史与影响： For the first time, a radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean. 译：无线电信号第一次跨越大西洋传送。 That was quite a distance at that time. 译：在那个年代，那可是相当遥远的距离。 Because of this invention, some other important inventions were developed as well. 译：得益于这项发明，其他一些重要发明也相继问世。 It also had a big effect on music /people’s life. 译：它也对音乐 / 人们的生活产生了巨大影响。 Can you imagine a world without books or newspapers? 译：你能想象一个没有书籍和报纸的世界吗？ All of these things depend on one great invention. 译：所有这些事物都离不开一项伟大的发明。 It was responsible for the rapid spread of information. 译：它促成了信息的快速传播。 In ancient China, people used many different materials to write on. 译：在中国古代，人们使用各种各样的材料来书写。 However, all of these materials were either difficult to use or very expensive. 译：然而，这些材料要么不好使用，要么价格十分昂贵。 He became interested in trying to solve the problem. 译：他一心想要解决这个难题。 To everyone’s surprise, this paper was soft, light and cheap. 译：令所有人惊讶的是，这种纸柔软、轻便而且价格低廉。 The emperor was very pleased and praised him for his great work. 译：皇帝十分满意，对他的杰出功绩大加赞赏。 The technique not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. 译：这项工艺不仅加快了中华文化的发展，也改变了世界各地的文明。 It first spread to neighbouring countries and finally reached Europe. 译：它最先传到周边邻国，最终传入欧洲。 This led to a rapid increase in the number of books. 译：这使得书籍的数量迅速增长。 It resulted in a new birth of knowledge. 译：它带来了知识的蓬勃新生。 三、口语问答简短应答： —Which invention do you like best? —I like papermaking best. It changes the whole world. 译：—— 你最喜欢哪项发明？ —— 我最喜欢造纸术。它改变了整个世界。 —What is the influence of this invention? —It helps people spread information more quickly. 译：—— 这项发明的影响是什么？ —— 它帮助人们更快地传播信息。 —What would our life be like without this invention? —Our life would be much harder. 译：—— 如果没有这项发明，我们的生活会是什么样子？ —— 我们的生活会艰难得多。 语法 一般过去时的被动语态 写作 介绍一项伟大的发明（历史、制作、影响、个人看法） 一、知识点精讲 It has to be the radio. 译：肯定是收音机。 have to be 此处表示推测，意为 “肯定是，一定是”，表十分有把握的推断。 Before the radio was invented, information travelled very slowly. 译：在收音机被发明之前，信息传播十分缓慢。 本句含有一般过去时被动语态 was invented。before 引导时间状语从句。 The world was made much smaller by the radio. 译：收音机让世界的距离大大缩短。 much 用来修饰比较级 smaller，表示 “…… 得多”；by 引出动作的执行者。 news could be spread around the world in seconds. 译：新闻几秒钟就可以传遍全球。 news 不可数名词；could be spread 情态动词的被动语态；in seconds 在几秒钟之内。 many different materials were used to write on 译：各式各样的材料被用来书写。 be used to do 被用来做某事。 However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store or very expensive. 译：但这些书写材料要么不好使用、难以保存，要么价格十分昂贵。 either…or… 要么…… 要么……，连接两个并列成分。 二、核心语法精讲 一般过去时的被动语态 1. 基本构成 肯定句：主语 + was /were + 过去分词 否定句：主语 + was /were + not + 过去分词 一般疑问句：Was / Were + 主语 + 过去分词？ - 主语单数 / 不可数名词 → was + 过去分词 - 主语复数 → were + 过去分词 2. 含义 表示过去某件事被做，主语是动作的承受者，不强调动作执行者，或者不知道执行者。 例句： A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time. 译：一则无线电信号第一次被跨越大西洋传送。 All of these things depended on one invention.（主动） → One invention was needed for all of these things.（被动） 译：所有这些东西都需要一项发明。 3. by 的用法（引出动作执行者） 结构：…was/were + 过去分词 + by + 动作发出者 例：The radio was invented by Guglielmo Marconi. 译：收音机是由古列尔莫・马可尼发明的。 4. 主动语态变被动语态步骤 1. 主动句宾语变为被动句主语 2. 谓语改为 was /were + 过去分词 3. 主动句主语放 by 后面（可省略） 主动：He developed the idea in the 1890s. 译：他在 19 世纪 90 年代完善了这个构想。 被动：The idea was developed by him in the 1890s. 译：这个构想在 19 世纪 90 年代由他完善。 5. 课文原句例句 1. In 1901, a radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time. 译：1901 年，一则无线电信号第一次被跨越大西洋传送。 2. Paper was made from jute in Western Han Dynasty. 译：西汉时期，纸由黄麻制成。 3. The papermaking technique was spread to neighbouring countries. 译：造纸工艺被传到周边的国家。 三、单元写作清单 一、单元写作主题 主题：介绍一项伟大的发明（历史、制作、影响、个人看法） 核心考点：一般过去时被动语态、not only…but also、result in、have an effect on 词数要求：80–100词（考场标准） 二、万能写作框架（直接套用） 第一段：开篇点题，引出发明 Among all great inventions, I think ________ is the most useful one. 第二段：介绍发明背景与发明者（被动语态） It was invented by ________ in ________. Before it was invented, people ________. The materials were easy to get and the price was low. 第三段：介绍影响（本单元高分句型） It not only changed people’s life, but also spread around the world. It has a great effect on the development of culture. 第四段：个人观点总结 In my opinion, it is truly a life‑changing invention. 三、基础满分范文（简单好背、零错误） Topic: The Greatest Invention — Papermaking Among all great inventions, I think papermaking is the most useful one of all time. It was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Before papermaking was invented, people wrote on bamboo, stone or silk. Those materials were either hard to store or very expensive. Cai Lun used bark, old cloth and plant fibre to make new paper. The paper was light, soft and cheap. Papermaking not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed world civilizations. It resulted in the rapid spread of knowledge around the world. In my opinion, it is one of the greatest inventions in history. （词数：92） 四、进阶高分范文（句式丰富、适合冲满分） Topic: A Useful Invention — The Radio In my mind, the radio is one of the most wonderful inventions ever made. It was invented by an Italian inventor called Guglielmo Marconi. In the 1890s, Marconi developed the idea of wireless communication. In 1901, a radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time. Before the radio appeared, information travelled very slowly and could not spread far. The radio has a big effect on the whole world. It makes it possible for news and music to spread around the world in seconds. It not only connects people far away, but also influences the development of later inventions like television. Thanks to this great invention, our world becomes much smaller and more connected. （词数：98） 五、本单元写作高分万能句（必背） 1. It was invented by... in... 它是由……在……发明的。 2. Before it was invented, people lived a hard life. 在它被发明之前，人们生活很不便。 3. It is one of the most important inventions of all time. 它是有史以来最重要的发明之一。 4. It not only improves our life, but also changes the world. 它不仅改善了我们的生活，也改变了世界。 5. It has a great effect on human civilization. 它对人类文明产生了巨大影响。 6. It results in the rapid spread of information and knowledge. 它促成了信息和知识的快速传播。 7. To my surprise, this simple invention changed the whole world. 令我惊讶的是，这项简单的发明改变了全世界。 六、写作扣分避坑要点 1. 写发明历史统一用过去时被动（was/were + 过去分词） 2. not only…but also 连接并列结构，前后句式保持一致 3. 坚决避免中式句子，优先使用课文原句、背诵套句 4. 结尾必须加个人观点，保证结构完整 易错点01 invent /invention/inventor 词义混淆 【错因辨析】 invent v. 发明；invention n. 发明物；inventor n. 发明家 错：Cai Lun was a great invention. 对：Cai Lun was a great inventor. 译：蔡伦是一位伟大的发明家。 易错点02 result in 和 result from 【错因辨析】 result in + 结果：导致……（主语是原因） result from + 原因：由…… 造成（主语是结果） 例：The new technique resulted in great changes. 这项新技术带来巨大变化。 Great changes resulted from the new technique. 巨大变化源于这项新技术。 易错点03 语法易错（一般过去时被动语态，） 【错因辨析】 1. was /were 判断错误 单数主语、不可数名词用 was；复数主语用 were 错：Many method was tried. 对：Many methods were tried. 很多方法被尝试。 2. 被动语态漏掉 was/were（高频错误） 被动必须要有 be 动词，不能直接用过去分词 错：The message sent across the ocean. 对：The message was sent across the ocean. 消息被跨洋传送。 3. by 的用法 by 后面接动作执行者；不知道执行者时可以省略 by 短语。 The radio was invented by Marconi. 收音机由马可尼发明。 4. 主动、被动混用 主动：He developed the idea. 他完善这个构想。 被动：The idea was developed by him. 这个构想由他完善。 5. 情态动词被动：could be + 过去分词 News could be spread in seconds. 新闻可以几秒内传播开。 一、单项选择 1．—The little robot can dance and sing. —Yes! It can do many things all by ________. A．herself B．himself C．itself D．themselves 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这个小机器人会跳舞和唱歌。——是的！它能独自做很多事情。 herself她自己；himself他自己；itself它自己；themselves他们自己。根据“The little robot”及答语主语“It”可知指代物，固定短语all by oneself意为“独自”，反身代词需与主语保持一致，It对应的反身代词是itself。 2．—Your new photos are really beautiful. Where did you take them? —I took them with my new ________ in the park. A．camera B．radio C．wallet D．notebook 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你的新照片真漂亮。你在哪里拍的？——我用我的新相机在公园拍的。 camera相机；radio收音机；wallet钱包；notebook笔记本。根据“Your new photos are really beautiful.”可知，对话是关于照片的，拍照需要用到相机。应填camera。 3．—The smart robot can help with housework. Would you like to buy one? —I’d love to, but it’s too expensive. I’m afraid I can’t ________ it. A．mention B．afford C．cancel D．support 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——智能机器人可以帮忙做家务。你想买一个吗？——我很想，但它太贵了。恐怕我买不起。 mention提及；afford买得起/承担得起；cancel取消；support支持。根据前文“it’s too expensive”可知，说话者因为价格原因无法购买；afford常与can/can’t连用，表示是否有经济能力购买某物，符合语境。 4．With the development of AI technology, many traditional jobs are being replaced ________ by machines. A．gradually B．especially C．luckily D．soundly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：随着人工智能技术的发展，许多传统工作正逐渐被机器取代。 gradually逐渐地；especially尤其；luckily幸运地；soundly酣然地。句中人工智能取代传统工作是一个慢慢发生的过程，gradually符合语境。 5．The artist designed a new lamp in the ________ of a lotus flower, which looks very elegant. A．size B．colour C．shape D．sound 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位艺术家设计了一盏莲花形状的新灯，看起来非常优雅。 size尺寸；colour颜色；shape形状；sound声音。根据“of a lotus flower”（莲花的）以及“looks very elegant”（看起来非常优雅）可知，这里描述的是灯的外观形态，即模仿了莲花的“形状”。in the shape of是固定搭配，意为“以……的形状”，符合语境。 6．The monitor is a(n) ________ student. He always finishes his tasks on time and helps others. A．funny B．honest C．confident D．responsible 【答案】D 【详解】句意：班长是一个负责任的学生。他总是按时完成任务并帮助他人。 funny有趣的；honest诚实的；confident自信的；responsible负责任的。根据后句“He always finishes his tasks on time and helps others”（他总是按时完成任务并帮助他人）可知，这些行为体现了他的责任感。responsible符合语境。 7．—I’m going to visit the China Science and Technology Museum this Sunday. —________ Can I go with you? A．Sounds boring. B．I’m not sure. C．That’s cool! D．Don’t mention it. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这个周日我打算去参观中国科学技术馆。——太酷了！我可以和你一起去吗？ Sounds boring听起来很无聊；I’m not sure我不确定；That’s cool太酷了；Don’t mention it别客气。根据后文请求一同前去，可知此处是对计划表示赞同，因此填That’s cool。 8．The solar-powered car, like many other green inventions, is not perfect ________. But it shows a hopeful future. A．himself B．itself C．herself D．themselves 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这辆太阳能汽车，和许多其他绿色发明一样，它本身并不完美，但它展现出充满希望的未来。 himself他自己；itself它自己；herself她自己；themselves他们自己。反身代词要和句子主语保持一致，本句主语The solar‑powered car是单数事物，用itself。A指代男性，C指代女性，D指代复数，应填itself。 9．When Tom ________ why he was late for class, he kept silent and lowered his head. A．asks B．was asked C．will be asked D．is asked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当汤姆被问到上课为什么迟到时，他保持沉默并低下了头。 主语Tom和动词ask是被动关系；由kept可知时态为一般过去时，使用一般过去时的被动语态，因此填was asked。 10．The terrible earthquake ________ the loss of thousands of homes in the area. A．resulted from B．resulted in C．turned into D．looked forward to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这场可怕的地震造成该地区成千上万家庭失去家园。 resulted from起因于；resulted in导致，造成；turned into变成；looked forward to期待。根据“the loss of thousands of homes”可知，地震带来家庭损毁这一结果，应填resulted in。 二、阅读理解 As one of China’s most famous inventions, papermaking is a great treasure of ancient civilization, which greatly changed human life. Before its creation, people depended on heavy bamboo slips, expensive silk, or hard animal bones to record information. These materials were either hard to carry or too costly, making it difficult for people to share knowledge widely. The earliest paper dates back to the Western Han Dynasty. It was made from simple plant materials like hemp and rags (麻类和破布), but the quality was not good enough for daily use. This invention slowly developed, and people kept trying to find better ways to make paper. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun made a major improvement in papermaking. He used common and easy-to-get materials such as bark, straw, and old fishing nets. This change made paper cheaper and more practical. Soon, paper became popular among people, greatly pushing the development of education and culture. Papermaking later spread to other countries through trade and cultural exchange. It first reached Asian countries, then spread to Europe, and finally to all parts of the world. Even today, paper remains an important part of our daily life, from books to documents. This ancient Chinese invention still shows its lasting value in connecting people and spreading knowledge. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 11．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By making a comparison. C．By giving an opinion. D．By offering a suggestion. 12．The passage is mainly written in the order of ________. A．ideas B．time C．places D．persons 13．What was the problem with the earliest paper in the Western Han Dynasty? A．It was too heavy to carry. B．It was made from expensive materials. C．It could not record information clearly. D．Its quality was not suitable for daily use. 14．Why did Cai Lun’s improvement make paper popular? A．He used rare and valuable materials. B．It made paper more expensive but better. C．It made paper cheaper and more practical. D．He was a famous inventor in the Eastern Han Dynasty. 15．Which of the following is true about the last paragraph? A．Papermaking spread to Europe first. B．Papermaking only spread within Asia. C．Paper is no longer used in modern life. D．Trade helped papermaking spread globally. 【答案】11．B 12．B 13．D 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国四大发明之一——造纸术的发展历史及其对世界的深远影响。 【详解】11．文章开头先点明造纸术是中国古代的伟大发明，接着用“Before its creation, people depended on heavy bamboo slips, expensive silk, or hard animal bones…”与后来轻便、便宜的纸张形成对比，突出造纸术带来的巨大改变，因此是通过对比来引入主题的。 12．梳理全文线索，文中依次出现“Before its creation（纸发明前）”“Western Han Dynasty（西汉）”“Eastern Han Dynasty（东汉）”“later spread to other countries（之后传播到其他国家）”“Even today（如今）”等时间节点，是按照时间顺序展开叙述的。 13．由第二段“the quality was not good enough for daily use”可知，西汉早期纸张的质量不足以用于日常使用。 14．由第三段“This change made paper cheaper and more practical”可知，蔡伦的改进使纸张更便宜、更实用，从而普及。 15．由最后一段“Papermaking later spread to other countries through trade and cultural exchange”可知，贸易帮助造纸术传播到全球，选D。A项错误，由“It first reached Asian countries, then spread to Europe”可知，造纸术首先传到亚洲国家，然后才传到欧洲；B项错误，由“then spread to Europe, and finally to all parts of the world”可知，造纸术传播到了欧洲和世界各地，不仅限于亚洲；C项错误，由“Even today, paper remains an important part of our daily life”可知，纸张至今仍在日常生活中发挥着重要作用。 三、单词拼写 16．Our office bought a new ________ (打印机) to print teaching materials. 【答案】printer 【详解】句意：我们办公室买了一台新的打印机来打印教学材料。根据中文提示“打印机”可知，此处应用名词printer。不定冠词a后面接可数名词单数。 17．We are learning the history of this great ________ (发明) in class today. 【答案】invention 【详解】句意：今天我们在课堂上学习这项伟大发明的历史。空格前的“this great”修饰后面名词，此处要填表示“发明”的名词；对应的英文名词是invention，指代单数的某项发明。 18．Using too many ________ (塑料的) products is harmful to our environment. 【答案】plastic 【详解】句意：使用太多塑料制品对我们的环境有害。此处需要形容词作定语修饰后面的products，用来表示物品的材质，中文提示“塑料的”对应plastic。plastic products表示“塑料制品”。 19．The ice will ________ (融化) when the temperature rises. 【答案】melt 【详解】句意：当温度升高时，冰会融化。根据汉语提示可知，melt“融化”，动词。空前有助动词will，后接动词原形，构成一般将来时。故填melt。 20．________ (造纸术) changed the whole world. 【答案】Papermaking 【详解】句意：造纸术改变了整个世界。根据汉语提示可知，papermaking“造纸术”，名词。句首字母大写，故填Papermaking。 四、完成句子 21．后来，人们持续改良这项古老的发明技术。 ________ ________, people kept improving this ancient invention technology. 【答案】 Later on 【详解】原句中“后来”是关键词，对应英文短语Later on，置于句首首字母大写。应填Later；on。 22．现代科技被迅速且广泛地使用到各行各业。 Modern technology is used ________ and ________ in all walks of life. 【答案】 quickly widely 【详解】原句中“迅速”以及“广泛地”是关键词，表示“迅速”的单词是quickly，quickly在这里作副词，修饰动词“used”。“广泛地”对应的单词是widely，widely在这里作副词，同样修饰动词“used”。两个副词由and连接并列使用。故填quickly；widely。 23．People should protect the natural environment.（改为被动语态） The natural environment ________ ________ ________ by people. 【答案】 should be protected 【详解】句意：人们应该保护自然环境。原句含有情态动词should，情态动词被动语态结构：should + be + 谓语动词的过去分词，protect的过去分词为protected。主动句宾语the natural environment变为被动句主语。故填should；be；protected。 24．我们正试图找到更好的塑料回收利用方法。 We are ________ ________ find better ways to recycle plastic. 【答案】 trying to 【详解】原句中“试图”是关键词，表示“试图做某事”用try to do sth，句中“正”表示动作正在进行，需用现在进行时（be + doing），主语We后已有be动词are，故try需变为现在分词trying。 25．每年成千上万的游客前来参观这座科技博物馆。 ________ ________ visitors come to visit the Science and Technology Museum every year. 【答案】 Thousands of 【详解】原句中“成千上万的”对应固定短语thousands of，后接可数名词复数visitors。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $