Unit 5 Period 3 Understanding（课件）英语北师大版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语课件围绕“知识获取与理解”展开，通过“Activate and share”环节引导学生对比古今知识获取方式，从阅读主旨与细节理解过渡到语言要素（代词、同义词等）学习，搭建从思维激活到语言应用的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合思维品质与语言能力培养，通过培根、伽利略等历史案例引导批判性思考，结合代词指代、同义词辨析等练习提升语篇连贯性。任务型活动如pair work和retelling促进主动学习，助力学生提升综合语言运用能力，也为教师提供结构化互动教学资源。

U5 Lesson 3 Understanding Reading Activate and share How did people understand the world in different times? ancient Chinese myths  ancient Greeks the people today Activate and share Which of the following may help you acquire knowledge more effectively? Discuss in pairs and give explanations. I think we can acquire knowledge more effectively by doing ….. In my opinion, one of the best ways to acquire knowledge is to do….. to ask questions to discuss topics with people to read books to practice to teach to others to reason to be relaxed and happy to be interested in the topic to have time to think about what you have learnt to put in order to learn from failure ….. Activate and share Example: I think one of the best ways to acquire knowledge is to ask questions. There is an ocean of knowledge available in today’s world. First, those who are willing to have the desire to ask questions can be active learners. Besides, our knowledge often begins with curiosity. If you can raise questions, you have to think about the the topic carefully, which will be helpful to acquire knowledge effectively. Reand for general idea Read the text and summarize the main idea of each paragraph. Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 3 Para 4 Para 5 Knowledge and understanding are things to fight for. How people acquire knowledge and understanding now. People believed more in religion. Our understanding is constantly growing and changing. People believed in authority. Read Para 1 and answer the following questions. 1. According to the writer, how do we acquire knowledge and achieve understanding? 2. How do most people today get answers to things according to the writer? Why? 3. Why do you think the writer said “ luckily for us”? Read for details Read for details 1. According to the writer, how do we acquire knowledge and achieve understanding? To start with, we need questions. Then, to find answers, we observe the world around us and study the facts. After that, we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones. Read for details 2. How do most people today get answers to things according to the writer? Why? By turning to the Internet for help. 3. Why do you think the writer said “ luckily for us”? Because our acquisition of knowledge and understanding is basically from the modern scientists and thinkers who are still using this type of analysis to acquire knowledge and understanding. Read for details Read Para 2-3 Complete the sentences. 1) Francis Bacon believed that the way to gain knowledge is _________. People in his days believed ________________. 2) Galileo Galilei proved that _______________________________________. But many people in his days________________________________________ ____________________________________________________. 3) Aristotle's understanding of the universe was that ___________________ ____________________ because _________________________________. 4) It is still often true today that _____________________________________. this type of thinking more in religion the Earth was not the centre of the universe tend to ignore the facts and didn’t want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed. the Earth must be the it felt like the Earth was standing still people don’t want to abandon what they’ve always thought as true. centre of the universe How the great men and people in the ancient times acquired knowledge and understanding invented the first telescope in the world to observe the universe proved that “the earth is not the center of the universe.” Read for details Read Para 4-5 and answer the two questions. According to the writer, will anyone always be in the position to say “We know it all”? Why? Use examples to explain. 2. What do you think the last sentence of the text means? Read for details According to the writer, will anyone always be in the position to say “We know it all.”? Why? Use examples to explain. None of us can say “we know it all”. Because our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing and we learn more every day. For example, even the great men like Aristotle and Galilei also made mistakes. Bacon and Galilei understood we don’t know everything and probably never will. They knew that knowledge and understanding are the things to fight for. Read for details 2. What do you think the last sentence of the passage means? I think the last sentence of the text means that knowledge and understanding are more important than money. They are more helpful and useful because they can guide our ways of learning about the world and help us solve real-world problems all the time. More importantly, with knowledge and understanding of the world, we can promote the advancement of our society and civilization. Think, discuss and share How did the writer make his /her opinion clear to the readers? The writer illustrated his/her points by using examples of Galilei and ideas from great thinkers like Bacon. Pair work-Retelling Based on the text, tell your partner about how we should acquire knowlege and achieve understanding? Illustrate it with an example of Bacon or Gallileo. Think, discuss and share Give an example in your study to demonstrate your understanding of the type of analysis mentioned in Para.1 Express yourself How do you understand “Plato is dear to me, but dearer still is truth(吾爱吾师，吾更爱真理)”？Support your opinions with an example in your study. Write an article, including: what enlightenment you have you got from this lesson; how you acquire knowledge and achieve understanding; whether you need to make some changes to your ways of acquiring knowledge and understanding; if yes, what you would do; Homework U5 Lesson 3 Understanding Language Study Review and activate Read the passage and review the ways people acquire knowledge and achieve understanding. Times Ways to acquire knowledge and understanding Now It seems obvious how we ___________________________________. knowledge and understanding. To start with, you _______________.Then, you ________ the world around you and _______________. After that, you ________ possible answers and _______ each to find the right ones. Today, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this type of ________. In the 17th century However, people _______________________ than in facts. The church and many people tended to _____________________and _________________________ what they had always comfortably believed. Meanwhile People feel that if ________________________________ says that something is right, then it must be so. Today We need to ______the great men of the past _______________ since they were ____________to step out from the shadows of __________________ and knew that knowledge and understanding are things to _________; more ______ to a man, and more __________ to mankind. aquire knowlege and understanding need questions observe study the facts consider test analysis believed more in religion ignore the facts were unwillig to challenge someone important and respected fight for vital beneficial thank for their wisdom brave enough conventional thought Retell the passage by using the given words. Retelling Times How people acquire knowledge and understanding Now It seems obvious … To start with … Then… After that…. Today, … this type of analysis. In the 17th century However, … was going against… People believed more in… ; …tended to ignore… …challenge what they had always comfortably believed … Meanwhile It is not surprising…put forward…abandon… …make the assumption … someone important and respected says … Therefore   …constantly growing and changing… … thank … for… …things to fight for …more vital to … more beneficial to … Understanding coherence coherence  n.  [ U]  the situation in which all the parts of sth fit together well.  连贯性；条理性 coherent adj.  logical and well organized; easy to understand and clear 合乎逻辑的；有条理的；清楚易懂的 01 The usage of pronouns 23 Read Para.1. Circle the pronouns and identify the function of pronouns. The usage of pronouns Take the place of a noun or a noun phrase to make the sentences shorter, cleaner, and more concise（简洁的）and carry the meaning on into the next point in a text. 24 What type of pronouns are they? The usage of pronouns  subject pronouns  object pronouns  demonstrative pronouns 25 分类 代词 指代 人称代词 主格代词 宾格代词     物主代词 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 反身代词   不定代词     指示代词 The categories of pronouns 26 分类 代词 指代 人称代词 主格代词 I, you, he, she, we, they, it specific people or things 宾格代词 me, you, him, her, us, them, it   物主代词 形容词 my, your, his, her, our, their, its ownership 名词性 mine， yours, his, hers, ours, theirs, its 反身代词  myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, itself the same people or things The categories of pronouns 27 分类 代词 指代 不定代词  all, any, anyone, anything, each,  everybody, everyone, everything, few,  many, nobody, none, one, several,  some, somebody, and someone.  a person or a thing without being specific. 指示代词 this， that， these， those， a person, place, thing, or idea that is either near or far. The categories of pronouns 28 What are the following demonstrative pronouns referring to ? The usage of pronoun that = observing the world around us and studying the facts. each = each answer ones = answers this = ? Today’s way to acquire knowledge and understanding 29 The usage of pronoun P38 30 The usage of pronoun P38 7. “this” in Line36 31 …he was going against the views of the day. (Para. 2) he= _____________ 2. This was certainly not the interest … (Para.2) This = ____________________ The usage of pronoun search for knowledge Francis Bacon 3. … what they had always comfortably believed. (Para.2) they =___________________ 4. …they grew angry and put him in prison. (Para. 3) they =__________ The usage of pronoun people the church and most people 5. …then it must be so. (Para. 3) it =______________ 6. He is now known as … (Para.3) He = ___________ The usage of pronoun assumption Galileo 02 Synonyms and Antonyms 35 Can you find out the synonyms of the underlined parts? Synonyms Definition: a word or expression that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another in the same language  suggest— indicate, believe gain knowledge –acquire knowledge go against –violate important –vital, significant day-to-day – daily, everyday worthy—deserving, valuable 36 Synonyms 1. primitive 2. assumption 3. owe 4. church 5. universe 6. analysis 7. vital 8. urge P84 1。primitive : If you describe something as primitive, that means belonging to a society in which people live in a very simple waythat it or very simple in style or very old-fashioned. 简陋的; 旧式的 2. Assumption：a belief or feeling that sth is true or that sth will happen, although there is no proof 假定；假设 3. Owe sb.sth. means to have to pay sb for sth that you have already received or return money that you have borrowed . Owe sth.to sb is to feel that you ought to do sth for sb or give them sth, especially because they have done sth for you 欠（情） Analysis is the process of considering something carefully or using statistical methods in order to understand it or explain it. 8。If you urge someone to do something, you try hard to persuade them to do it.  37 Can you find out the antonyms of the underlined parts? Antonyms Definiton: a word that means the opposite of another word suggest - hold the opposite view gain knowledge –lose knowledge go against – support; approve of important – unimportant day-to-day – occasional worthy – unworthy, undeserved 38 Antonyms approved of；continue constantly growing and changing didn’t want to abandon P39 inefficient 39 Although today we are more used to typing a few key words into search engine and waiting for the Internet to give us an answer, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problem with this type of analysis—luckily for us (Para. 1 ) be used to + doing / sth.= be accustomed to 习惯于 to: prep. be devoted to 专心于；致力于 be committed to 致力于；决心从事于 apply oneself to 专心致志于 look forward to 盼望 contribute to 有助于 pay attention to 注意 Focus on language +doing/sth. Translate the following sentences into English with the given phrases. 如果你的梦想是站在胜利者的领奖台上，你就要全力以赴于这项运动。（be devoted to ） If your dream is to reach the winner’s platform, you have to be totally committed to the sport. 2) 本次文化交流促进了两国人民的友谊。(contribute to ) This cultural exchange contributed to the friendship between the two countries. 3) 我们都期待着您的早日到来。(look forward to ) We are looking forward to your early coming.   Focus on language be used to + doing / sth.= be accustomed to be used to do 被用于 used to do 过去常常 Practice： 1) 这篇文章可用来活跃学生的讨论。 The article can _______________________ discussion among students. 2) 他是一位有经验的驾驶员，他习惯于在各种各样的天气情况下开车。 He is an experienced driver and___________________  in  all kinds of weather.  3) 他以前抽烟，但几年前就戒掉了。 He_______________ , but he gave up a couple of years ago.  Focus on language be used to stimulate is used to driving used to smoke 42 2. However, in the 17th century when Francis Bacon suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge, he was going against the views of the day. (Para 2) suggest vt. suggestion n. 1) state or express indirectly 表明， 暗示，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气 (=indicate) His expression suggested that he accepted our plan. 2) to put forward an idea or a plan for other people to think about  建议；提议, 其后宾语为名词或doing，宾语从句用虚拟语气 sb.+ (should) do (=propose) I suggest going in my car. I suggest that we (should ) go in my car. 3. to tell sb about a suitable person, thing, method, etc. for a particular job or purpose 推荐；举荐 (= recommend) Can you suggest a good dictionary to me ? Focus on language 43 3. …people like Galileo Galilei(1564-1642), who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”, were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence. （Para. 2） Focus on language （Sentence analysis ） 定语从句 同位语从句 定语 with 复合结构作伴随状语 主语 谓语 像伽利略.伽利莱（1564-1642）那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物， 往往会被教会惩罚， 也没有人会为他们辩护。 44 4. We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei, who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon. 我们今天对世界拥有这么多的知识和理解，都要归功于培根和伽利略这样的人，为了找到现代文明赖以创立的知识王国，他们勇敢地从传统思想的阴影中走出来。 Focus on language （Sentence analysis ） 主句 定语从句 定语从句 5. These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world. Focus on language （Sentence analysis ） 宾语从句 定语，修饰things 插入语 这些人知道，知识和理解力是需要为之奋斗的东西;有人可能会说，这比世界上所有的钱对一个人更重要，对人类更有益。 Read the passage again and underline the following phrases. Useful expressions 获取知识  acquire knowledge 达到理解  achieve understanding 习惯于  be used to doing /sth 背离观念  go against the views 身居要职  hold an important rank 经常做，倾向于  tend to do 相信， 信仰  believe in 提出想法  put forward the ideas 催促某人去做  urge sb. to do 做出假设  make the assumption 赞同  approve of 把…关进监狱  put sb. in prison 有时  at times 因…而闻名  be known as 换句话说  in other words 把…归功于  owe … to 走出…的阴影  step out from the shadows of 在…上建造  build … upon… 对…重要  be vital to 对…有益  be beneficial to 1. “Who questions much, shall learn much, and remember much.”   “问得多，就能学得多，记住得多。” 2. “All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them.”   真理一旦被发现，就很容易理解;关键是要发现它们。 3. 让我们幸运的是， 现代科学家和思想家们仍在使用分析的方法来解决世界的问题。   Luckily for us, modern scientists and thinkers are still solve the world’s problems with this type of analysis. 4. 那时，人们更多的是相信宗教而不是事实。   At that time, people believed more in the church than in facts. 5. 他们不愿意挑战他们一向认为是正确的东西。  They didn’t want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed. Translations 6. 因此, 我们对周围世界的理解是不断发展和变化的。   Therefore, our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing. 7. 我们要感谢历史上伟人的才智， 他让我们懂得，我们不是什么都懂，将来也不会什么都懂。   We need to thank the great men of the past for their wisdom. They understood that we don’t know everything and probably never will.  8. 知识和理解是要奋斗的事情。   Knowledge and understanding are things to fight for. 9. 对一个人或人类来说，它们比世界上所有的金钱都重要和有益。 They are more vital and beneficial to a man or mankind than all the money in the world. Translations Take notes of the useful expressions and important sentences analyzed above as well as what you think important. Homework Thanks! Thanks! null 58356.504 $