精品解析：北京中国人民大学附属中学2026-2027学年高三开学考英语试题

人大附中2027届高三暑假自主复习检测练习 英 语 2026年8月 说明：本试卷共9页，共100分；考试时间90分钟；请在答题卡上填写个人信息，并将选择题的答案填涂在机读卡上。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___1___ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man approached me on the train. My ___2___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the chance to practice my Chinese. Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had attended a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ___3___ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most ___4___. however, was the fact. that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would ___5___ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American writers as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors?” I ___6___ him asking at one point. It would have been easy to ___7___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___8___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he showed me just how much one can gain from ___9___ with an open mind, and a willingness to _____10_____ with locals from all walks of life. 1. A. experiment B. encounter C. competition D. appointment 2. A. true B. so-called C. new D. long-lost 3. A. building B. sweeping C. checking D. guarding 4. A. typical B. obvious C. natural D. remarkable 5. A. publish B. quote C. copy D. download 6. A. anticipate B. imagine C. recall D. catch 7. A. look into B. rely on C. go over D. deal with 8. A. well-behaved B. multi-skilled C. warm-hearted D. self-educated 9. A. traveling B. reading C. searching D. teaching 10. A. cooperate B. side C. negotiate D. engage 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Mausoleum of Emperor Qin Shi Huang is a large-scale mausoleum complex in Chinese history, with the largest size and the most abundant ____11____ (bury) contents. Since the 1960s, with the efforts of generations of ____12____ (archaeology), the scale, layout and connotation of the mausoleum have gradually become clear, which are slowly unfolding the magnificent painting of the era that passed away more than 2000 years ago. So far, more than 10 above-ground architectural sites, over 600 underground burial pits and tombs, and more than 50,000 cultural relics ____13____ (discover) in the area. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 China is nurturing the “next new three” strategic industries: AI, robotics, and innovative drugs, which serve as new growth engines. For decades, the “old three” — apparel (服装), furniture, and home appliances — ____14____ (power) China’s global trade thanks to its labor-cost advantages. More recently, the “new three” — electric vehicles, lithium batteries, and solar products — have driven a green-tech export boom. Now, ____15____ physical goods, the “next new three” export integrated technological capabilities and services. Relevant data shows robust growth of these industries ____16____ (global). Their rise reflects China’s long-term strategic planning and its ability to adapt to global challenges. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 On July 23, 2026, Chinese mathematicians Wang Hong and Deng Yu ____17____ (award) the Fields Medal in Philadelphia, USA, marking the first time that mathematicians with Chinese nationality have received this prestigious honor. The Fields Medal, widely regarded as the “Nobel Prize of Mathematics”, is granted to no more than four mathematicians under the age of 40 every four years, ____18____ (recognize) both achievement and potential. The victory of Wang Hong and Deng Yu, both of ____19____ received their undergraduate education in China, not only ____20____ (highlight) the rapid advancement of China’s basic science research but also reflects the effectiveness of its talent cultivation system. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A The National Council for the Traditional Arts (NCTA) is a leading non-profit organization dedicated to the presentation and documentation of folk and traditional arts in the United States. NCTA presents the nation’s very finest artists in festivals, tours, international cultural exchange, workshops, demonstrations and exhibitions, media productions, school programs, and other activities. It works in partnership with communities across America to establish new, sustainable traditional arts events that deliver lasting social and cultural benefits. NCTA seeks Festival Support Staff for 2026 festival season to provide office and on-site support for three large-scale festivals. Positions available include: • Programming Administration Assistant This is the perfect position for someone with an interest in history, arts management, cultural anthropology, and related fields. Responsibilities include programming research, marketing and promotion, and event organization. The position may also be responsible for press and photo document management, social media updates, and customer service. Qualified applicants will be detail-oriented and organized, with excellent people skills and a general interest in the traditional arts. Computer literacy is essential. Contract runs May 1 — December 15. • Festival Assistant This is the perfect position for someone with an interest in arts, culture, and event logistics who enjoys operating in a fast-paced, collegial small-office environment. The position provides festival staff support. Responsibilities include document creation, travel purchase, logistics support, data entry, and database maintenance. Qualified applicants will be outgoing and open-minded, with effective oral and written communication skills and computer literacy. Prior experience with festival planning is preferred. Contract runs May 18 — October 30. • Production Associate The Production Associate is a key member of the production team who will work on all festival audio, backline, and lighting needs, from planning through implementation. The role will contribute to the following key tasks: advancing technical needs of the events, making tech books, accurate record-keeping and working during the events to insure smooth on-site operations. Qualified applicants will be responsible and adaptable. Experience with database entry, Microsoft Office, and Adobe Acrobat is required. Prior experience in concert production is preferred. Contract runs June 15 — October 30. All positions are full time with contract. Deadline is April 20, 2026. More details and how to apply at: http://ncta-America.com. 21. According to the passage, NCTA ______. A. focuses on cultural and art education B. keeps a record of American traditional arts C. enjoys economic benefits from communities D. aims to help the artists in art-related activities 22. The programming administration assistant will probably ______. A. write programming code B. create social networking websites C. deal with complaints from customers D. photograph newspapers and documents 23. What is the common requirement for all the three positions? A. Computer literacy. B. Working experience. C. Communication skills. D. Knowledge on traditional arts. B Agnes de Mille pursued careers in both dancing and choreography (编舞). At the start of her professional life, de Mille had created the choreography for a ballet called Three Virgins and a Devil. She thought it was good work, but nobody made much of it. A few years later, de Mille choreographed a ballet named Rodeo. Again, she thought her work was solid, but it resulted in little commercial fame. Then, in 1943, de Mille choreographed Oklahoma!, a musical show that enjoyed nearly instant success. In the coming years, Oklahoma! would run for an incredible 2,212 performances, both around the nation and abroad. In 1955, the film version won an Academy Award. But the success of Oklahoma! didn’t bring her much happiness. She thought that her work on Oklahoma! was only average compared to some of her other creations. She later said, “After the opening of Oklahoma!, I suddenly had unexpected success for a work I thought was only fairly good, after years of neglect for work I thought was fine. I began to think that perhaps my entire scale of values was untrustworthy. I talked to Martha.” Martha was Martha Graham, perhaps the most influential dance choreographer of the 20th century. Although not as well-known by the general public, Graham has been thought of in the same breath as other creative geniuses like Picasso or Frank Lloyd Wright. During their conversation, de Mille told Martha Graham about her frustration. “I confessed that I had a burning desire to be excellent, but no faith that I could be.” Graham responded by saying: “There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translated through you into action, and because there is only one of you in all of time, this expression is unique. And if you block it, it will never exist through any other medium and it will be lost. The world will not have it. It is not your business to determine how good it is nor how valuable nor how it compares with other expressions. It is your business to keep it yours clearly and directly, to keep the channel open.” 24. What can be learned about de Mille’s ballet named Rodeo? A. It earned her a large fortune. B. It didn’t enjoy much success. C. It made her rise to fame overnight. D. It laid a solid foundation for her career. 25. How did de Mille feel about the great success of the musical Oklahoma!? A. Relieved. B. Ashamed. C. Confused. D. Proud. 26. Which of the following best represents Graham’s words in this passage? A. What you create is unique and thus more valuable than others’. B. Your action reveals the inner landscape, which is the soul of music. C. You should always keep yourself open to the inner voice within you. D. Choosing to be positive is going to determine how you live your life. C In an episode of Friends, actor Joey is asked to host a charity show. “A little good deed… plus some TV exposure, now that’s the kind of math Joey likes to do!” he exclaims, while his friend Phoebe calls it “totally selfish”. This scene captures a common human tendency: our suspicion of do-gooders, especially when they might benefit from their actions. This instinct is explored in a recent paper on “do-gooder derogation (贬损)”. Research shows that we often look for someone’s hidden motive, and once found, we may judge them even more harshly than those who act with obvious self-interest. For instance, in a classic experiment called the public goods game, participants who contributed the most money to a shared pool were often criticized just as badly by other players as those who contributed nothing at all. Psychologist Nichola argues that we are all playing a “status game”, suspicious of anyone who might be faking virtue to boost their own standing. Studies confirm this, revealing a phenomenon known as the “tainted altruism (利他主义) effect”. Imagine your friend Andy volunteers at a homeless shelter. You later discover he is only doing so to get a date with the manager. Studies suggest we view Andy more negatively than someone who took a job at a coffee shop for the same romantic motive. We are more judgemental of the person hiding self-interest behind a charitable act. Hafenbrädl, a researcher at the University of Navarra, suggests this judgment stems from a calculation weighing the social rewards someone gets against the cost of their deed. In one experiment, a resort owner who spent $100,000 cleaning local beaches was considered less moral when he used the act to advertise his business than when he kept it quiet. Interestingly, Hafenbrädl found that people who donated blood or gave to charity for their own sense of self-satisfaction were considered more moral than those seeking to enhance their reputation. Perhaps Joey is right: pure altruism may not exist. But personally, I am happy to forgive the “warm glow” that comes from helping others, if it means there is a little more kindness in the world. 27. The episode of Friends is mentioned in order to ______. A. provide supporting evidence for a theory B. present a phenomenon for further analysis C. illustrate an abstract psychological concept D. highlight conflicts between different values 28. What does the “tainted altruism effect” refer to? A. Judging generous people positively. B. Valuing ordinary jobs over volunteering. C. Rewarding those who seek social recognition. D. Criticizing charitable acts with hidden motives. 29. What can be learned from Hafenbrädl’s experiment? A. Publicity lowers moral credit. B. People undervalue environmental acts. C. The cost of an act shapes its moral evaluation D. Motives have little influence on people’s judgment. 30. What is the author’s attitude towards the “warm glow” of helping others? A. Critical. B. Skeptical. C. Indifferent. D. Tolerant. D Scientists often complain that people are not rational in their opposition to technologies such as nuclear power and genetically modified (GM) crops. From a statistical perspective, these are very safe, and so people’s fear can be explained only by emotion, strengthened by ignorance. Electricity from nuclear power has led to far fewer direct deaths than has coal-fired power, yet many people are afraid of it, and hardly anyone is afraid of coal plants. Similar arguments can be made about GM crops, which studies have shown are generally safe for most people to eat. Scientific illiteracy may be part of the problem. Most of us are afraid of things we don’t understand, and studies have shown that scientists tend to be more accepting of potentially risky technologies than laypeople. This suggests that when people know a lot about such technologies, they are usually reassured. But there’s more to the issue than meets the eye. It is true that many of us fear the unknown, but it is also true that we don’t care enough about routine risks. Part of the explanation is complacency: we tend not to fear the familiar, and thus familiarity can lead us to underestimate risk. The investigation into the Deepwater Horizon blowout and oil spill in 2010 showed that complacency — among executives, among engineers and among government officials — was a major cause of that disaster. So the fact that experts are unworried about a threat is not necessarily reassuring. Scientists also make a mistake when they assume that public concerns are wholly or even mostly about safety. Some people object to GM crops because these crops facilitate the increased use of chemicals. Others have a problem with the social impacts that switching to GM organisms can have on traditional farming communities or with the political implications of leaving a large share of the food supply in the hands of a few corporations. Geoengineering to lessen the impacts of climate change is another example. Laypeople as well as scientists are more concerned about oversight than safety. Who will decide whether this is a good way to deal with climate change? If we undertake the project of setting the global temperature by controlling how much sunlight reaches Earth’s surface, who will be included in that “we” and by what process will the “right” global temperature be chosen? Can we say which group’s view is closer to an accurate assessment? 31. The underlined word “complacency” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______. A. misprediction B. overconfidence C. underestimation D. irresponsibility 32. The example of geoengineering is used to argue that ______. A. safety is not the whole concern of the public B. geoengineering offers the solution to global issues C. people are unnecessarily troubled by climate change D. lessening the impacts of climate change is challenging 33. What can we learn from the passage? A. Scientific illiteracy is a major cause of disasters. B. The safety of technologies can be accurately assessed. C. People are unworried about risks with proper oversight. D. Scientists misjudge people’s opposition to technologies. 34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Who Is Rational About Risk B. Why Can’t Technology Be Trusted C. Should Scientists Have a Say in Risk D. Is Technology a double-edged Sword 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 My, what a big beak you have! For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. ____35____ In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. ____36____ All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. ____37____ Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins. Ms. Ryding is not the first researcher to take that approach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might have been driving the changes. ____38____ The team combined data from different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation. ____39____ That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow. A. However, looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer. B. For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. C. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors. D. It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to. E. Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals’ bodies. F. Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat. G. Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 “I can’t” might actually mean “I don’t want to,” “I’m afraid,” “I’m confused,” or even “I don’t know how.” And after parsing out hidden meanings for the hundredth time, I can understand why my childhood gymnastics coach had put a gym-wide ban on the phrase. Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again. It wasn’t that he wanted people to do things beyond their skill or safety level. The policy was against the words themselves. He felt they were a shield to hide behind instead of admitting more useful — and actionable — hesitations. “I’m afraid.” “I’ve never done it by myself.” “I need to rest a few minutes before I try.” “I’m embarrassed to try in front of other people.” “I don’t want to, because…” Academic experiences can follow the same pattern. Answering unexpected questions or trying a new protocol in front of an audience can be crippling. Homework problems can compound and seem to get worse with each try instead of better. We end up uttering “I can’t,” because sometimes it’s easier than “I am so frustrated and exhausted that I want to cry,” “This makes me feel so dumb,” or even “I need help.” As an asthmatic, my most vivid memories come from the annual hazing ritual known as the gym-class mile run. For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.” My heart still starts to race just thinking of the number of times my self-preserving “I can’t” was met with a dismissive “Of course you can.” But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because, well, I just can’t. So why try? The number of laps I have avoided with well-timed bathroom breaks is staggering. I can’t go back and tell my childhood self that the mile run wasn’t worth the anticipatory anxiety. But I can remember how badly I wished even one classmate had acknowledged that I had barely missed the school record in sit-and-reach instead of teasing me about laps the next day. I can remember that “I can’t” can so often mean something else. And I can take the time to try to ask the right questions, so that I can say something more useful in response than “Of course you can.” 40. What did people have to do if they said “I can’t” in the author’s childhood gymnastics? _____________________________________________________ 41. What does “I can’t” actually mean when the author said that in the gym-class mile run? _____________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than expressing our feelings. _____________________________________________________ 43. What would you do if the expression “I can’t” occurs to you? Why? (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校上个月举办了基于高考各科目相关知识的主题活动，你的英国朋友Jim在网上看到相关信息，很感兴趣，发来邮件询问有关情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．介绍你参加的某一科目的活动内容； 2．分享你的收获。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人大附中2027届高三暑假自主复习检测练习 英 语 2026年8月 说明：本试卷共9页，共100分；考试时间90分钟；请在答题卡上填写个人信息，并将选择题的答案填涂在机读卡上。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___1___ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man approached me on the train. My ___2___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the chance to practice my Chinese. Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had attended a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ___3___ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most ___4___. however, was the fact. that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would ___5___ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American writers as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors?” I ___6___ him asking at one point. It would have been easy to ___7___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___8___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he showed me just how much one can gain from ___9___ with an open mind, and a willingness to _____10_____ with locals from all walks of life. 1. A. experiment B. encounter C. competition D. appointment 2. A. true B. so-called C. new D. long-lost 3. A. building B. sweeping C. checking D. guarding 4. A. typical B. obvious C. natural D. remarkable 5. A. publish B. quote C. copy D. download 6. A. anticipate B. imagine C. recall D. catch 7. A. look into B. rely on C. go over D. deal with 8. A. well-behaved B. multi-skilled C. warm-hearted D. self-educated 9. A. traveling B. reading C. searching D. teaching 10. A. cooperate B. side C. negotiate D. engage 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次在火车上偶遇了一个年轻的中国男子，在交谈中发现，年轻人见多识广、自学成才，是一个令人钦佩的人。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时，其间我与一个当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的，最重要的是，美妙的邂逅，这是所有旅行者都渴望的。A. experiment实验；B. encounter邂逅；C. competition比赛；D. appointment任命。根据后文“with a local that all travelers long for”指作者和当地人有了一次美妙的邂逅。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的中文。A. true真的；B. so-called所谓的；C. new新的；D. long-lost很久不见的。根据上文“A young Chinese man approached me on the train.”可知，两人是在火车上认识的，所以是新朋友。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A. building修建；B. sweeping打扫；C. checking检查；D. guarding守卫。根据后文“highways in order to help support his family”可知，年轻人修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，也许最值得注意的是这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。A. typical典型的；B. obvious显然的；C. natural自然的；D. remarkable引人注目的。根据后文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.”可知，这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习，这是最值得注意的品质。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。A. publish出版；B. quote引用；C. copy复制；D. download下载。根据后文“a translated Emerson passage”指引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，故选B。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你们对俄罗斯作家有什么了解？”我记得他曾经问过。A. anticipate预期；B. imagine想象；C. recall记起；D. catch抓住。根据后文“him asking at one point”可知，作者在回忆年轻人提过的问题。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于这位从未离开过家乡几百英里的公路建设者，我很容易凭空想象。A. look into调查；B. rely on依靠；C. go over复习；D. deal with处理。根据后文“my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home”可知，这是作者凭想象进行的判断。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。A. well-behaved行为端正的；B. multi-skilled多技能的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. self-educated自学的。呼应上文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.(这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习)”，指这个年轻人的自学能力。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. traveling旅行；B. reading阅读；C. searching搜索；D. teaching教学。根据后文“with an open mind, and a willingness to”结合作者当时在乘火车旅行，所以是指带着开放的心态旅行，故选A。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. cooperate合作；B. side支持；C. negotiate协商；D. engage参与。根据后文“with locals from all walks of life”指和各行各业的当地人打交道，应用短语engage with表示“与……接触”。故选D。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Mausoleum of Emperor Qin Shi Huang is a large-scale mausoleum complex in Chinese history, with the largest size and the most abundant ____11____ (bury) contents. Since the 1960s, with the efforts of generations of ____12____ (archaeology), the scale, layout and connotation of the mausoleum have gradually become clear, which are slowly unfolding the magnificent painting of the era that passed away more than 2000 years ago. So far, more than 10 above-ground architectural sites, over 600 underground burial pits and tombs, and more than 50,000 cultural relics ____13____ (discover) in the area. 【答案】11. buried 12. archaeologists 13. have been discovered 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍秦始皇陵这一大型陵墓建筑群，讲述考古工作者的发掘工作以及目前已出土的遗址、墓葬与文物情况。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：秦始皇陵是中国历史上一座规模宏大的陵墓建筑群，拥有最大的规模以及最丰富的埋藏物。空格后为名词contents，bury和contents之间是被动关系，此处需要过去分词作定语修饰contents。 【12题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：自20世纪60年代以来，经过一代代考古学家的努力，陵墓的规模、布局和内涵已经逐渐变得清晰，这幅2000多年前逝去的时代的壮丽画卷正在慢慢展开。generations of后接可数名词复数，结合句意，此处表示“考古学家”，archaeology对应的表示人的名词为archaeologist，其复数形式为archaeologists。 【13题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，该区域已经发现十多处地上建筑遗址、六百多座地下陪葬坑与墓葬以及五万多件文物。此处为谓语动词，时间状语So far意为“迄今为止”，常和现在完成时连用；主语more than 10 above-ground architectural sites, over 600 underground burial pits and tombs, and more than 50,000 cultural relics和discover之间是被动关系，要用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复数，所以谓语动词为have been discovered。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 China is nurturing the “next new three” strategic industries: AI, robotics, and innovative drugs, which serve as new growth engines. For decades, the “old three” — apparel (服装), furniture, and home appliances — ____14____ (power) China’s global trade thanks to its labor-cost advantages. More recently, the “new three” — electric vehicles, lithium batteries, and solar products — have driven a green-tech export boom. Now, ____15____ physical goods, the “next new three” export integrated technological capabilities and services. Relevant data shows robust growth of these industries ____16____ (global). Their rise reflects China’s long-term strategic planning and its ability to adapt to global challenges. 【答案】14. powered 15. unlike 16. globally 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍中国外贸从“老三样”“新三样”发展到“新新三样”，后者侧重输出技术服务，在全球实现强劲增长，体现国家战略规划与应变能力。 【14题详解】 考查时态。句意：几十年来，得益于劳动力成本优势，“老三样”—— 服装、家具、家电推动了中国的全球贸易。时间标志For decades讲述过去几十年发生的事情（和后文现在的 “新三样” 作时间对比），用一般过去时。 【15题详解】 考查介词。句意：如今，与实物商品不同，“新新三样”出口的是集成的技术能力和服务。表示“与……不同”用介词unlike。 【16题详解】 考查副词。句意：相关数据显示这些产业在全球范围内增长势头强劲。用于说明增长的全球范围，需要副词globally作状语。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 On July 23, 2026, Chinese mathematicians Wang Hong and Deng Yu ____17____ (award) the Fields Medal in Philadelphia, USA, marking the first time that mathematicians with Chinese nationality have received this prestigious honor. The Fields Medal, widely regarded as the “Nobel Prize of Mathematics”, is granted to no more than four mathematicians under the age of 40 every four years, ____18____ (recognize) both achievement and potential. The victory of Wang Hong and Deng Yu, both of ____19____ received their undergraduate education in China, not only ____20____ (highlight) the rapid advancement of China’s basic science research but also reflects the effectiveness of its talent cultivation system. 【答案】17. were awarded 18. recognizing 19. whom 20. highlights 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国数学家王虹、邓煜斩获菲尔兹奖这一事件，说明了菲尔兹奖的相关背景以及该获奖所体现出的中国基础科学研究与人才培养体系的发展成果。 【17题详解】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2026年7月23日，中国数学家王虹、邓煜在美国费城被授予菲尔兹奖，这标志着中国籍数学家首次获此殊荣。所填词作谓语，根据时间状语On July 23, 2026可知，用一般过去时；主语Wang Hong and Deng Yu表示复数概念，与提示词award之间是被动关系，要用一般过去时的被动语态结构were awarded。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：菲尔兹奖被誉为“数学界的诺贝尔奖”，每四年授予不超过四位40岁以下的数学家，以表彰其成就与发展潜力。本句已有谓语动词is granted，提示词recognize用非谓语形式，The Fields Medal与recognize之间是逻辑上的主动关系，要将recognize变成现在分词recognizing。 【19题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：王虹、邓煜都在中国完成本科教育，他们的成功不仅凸显了中国基础科学研究的飞速发展，也反映出我国人才培养体系的成效。此处是“数词+of+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Wang Hong and Deng Yu；先行词是人，关系词置于介词of之后，要用关系代词whom。 【20题详解】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：王虹、邓煜都在中国完成本科教育，他们的成功不仅凸显了中国基础科学研究的飞速发展，也反映出我国人才培养体系的成效。所填词作谓语；主语The victory of Wang Hong and Deng Yu是单数概念，not only...but also在句中连接所填词和谓语动词reflects，两者是并列谓语，时态保持一致，要将highlight变成第三人称单数形式highlights。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A The National Council for the Traditional Arts (NCTA) is a leading non-profit organization dedicated to the presentation and documentation of folk and traditional arts in the United States. NCTA presents the nation’s very finest artists in festivals, tours, international cultural exchange, workshops, demonstrations and exhibitions, media productions, school programs, and other activities. It works in partnership with communities across America to establish new, sustainable traditional arts events that deliver lasting social and cultural benefits. NCTA seeks Festival Support Staff for 2026 festival season to provide office and on-site support for three large-scale festivals. Positions available include: • Programming Administration Assistant This is the perfect position for someone with an interest in history, arts management, cultural anthropology, and related fields. Responsibilities include programming research, marketing and promotion, and event organization. The position may also be responsible for press and photo document management, social media updates, and customer service. Qualified applicants will be detail-oriented and organized, with excellent people skills and a general interest in the traditional arts. Computer literacy is essential. Contract runs May 1 — December 15. • Festival Assistant This is the perfect position for someone with an interest in arts, culture, and event logistics who enjoys operating in a fast-paced, collegial small-office environment. The position provides festival staff support. Responsibilities include document creation, travel purchase, logistics support, data entry, and database maintenance. Qualified applicants will be outgoing and open-minded, with effective oral and written communication skills and computer literacy. Prior experience with festival planning is preferred. Contract runs May 18 — October 30. • Production Associate The Production Associate is a key member of the production team who will work on all festival audio, backline, and lighting needs, from planning through implementation. The role will contribute to the following key tasks: advancing technical needs of the events, making tech books, accurate record-keeping and working during the events to insure smooth on-site operations. Qualified applicants will be responsible and adaptable. Experience with database entry, Microsoft Office, and Adobe Acrobat is required. Prior experience in concert production is preferred. Contract runs June 15 — October 30. All positions are full time with contract. Deadline is April 20, 2026. More details and how to apply at: http://ncta-America.com. 21. According to the passage, NCTA ______. A. focuses on cultural and art education B. keeps a record of American traditional arts C. enjoys economic benefits from communities D. aims to help the artists in art-related activities 22. The programming administration assistant will probably ______. A. write programming code B. create social networking websites C. deal with complaints from customers D. photograph newspapers and documents 23. What is the common requirement for all the three positions? A. Computer literacy. B. Working experience. C. Communication skills. D. Knowledge on traditional arts. 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍美国传统艺术委员会（NCTA）的机构职能，同时发布2026年节日季三个岗位的招聘信息，包含岗位职责、任职要求以及合同时间等内容。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The National Council for the Traditional Arts (NCTA) is a leading non‑profit organization dedicated to the presentation and documentation of folk and traditional arts in the United States.(美国传统艺术委员会（NCTA）是一家顶尖非营利机构，致力于展示与记录美国民间及传统艺术)”可知，该机构会记录美国的传统艺术。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据• Programming Administration Assistant部分“Responsibilities include programming research, marketing and promotion, and event organization. The position may also be responsible for press and photo document management, social media updates, and customer service.(工作职责包括项目研究、市场推广以及活动组织，该岗位也可能负责新闻与照片档案管理、社交媒体更新以及客户服务)”可知，客户服务包含处理客户相关诉求、投诉。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。• Programming Administration Assistant部分中“Computer literacy is essential.(熟练掌握计算机操作是必备要求。)”、• Festival Assistant部分中“ Qualified applicants will be outgoing and open-minded, with effective oral and written communication skills and computer literacy.(合格应聘者需性格外向、思想开明，具备出色的口头与书面沟通能力，且熟练掌握计算机操作。)”、• Production Associate部分中“Qualified applicants will be responsible and adaptable. Experience with database entry, Microsoft Office, and Adobe Acrobat is required.(合格应聘者需责任心强、适应能力强，必须拥有数据库录入、微软Office套件、奥多比Acrobat软件的使用经验，有演唱会制作相关经验者优先考虑。)”可知，电脑操作能力是三个岗位的共同要求。 B Agnes de Mille pursued careers in both dancing and choreography (编舞). At the start of her professional life, de Mille had created the choreography for a ballet called Three Virgins and a Devil. She thought it was good work, but nobody made much of it. A few years later, de Mille choreographed a ballet named Rodeo. Again, she thought her work was solid, but it resulted in little commercial fame. Then, in 1943, de Mille choreographed Oklahoma!, a musical show that enjoyed nearly instant success. In the coming years, Oklahoma! would run for an incredible 2,212 performances, both around the nation and abroad. In 1955, the film version won an Academy Award. But the success of Oklahoma! didn’t bring her much happiness. She thought that her work on Oklahoma! was only average compared to some of her other creations. She later said, “After the opening of Oklahoma!, I suddenly had unexpected success for a work I thought was only fairly good, after years of neglect for work I thought was fine. I began to think that perhaps my entire scale of values was untrustworthy. I talked to Martha.” Martha was Martha Graham, perhaps the most influential dance choreographer of the 20th century. Although not as well-known by the general public, Graham has been thought of in the same breath as other creative geniuses like Picasso or Frank Lloyd Wright. During their conversation, de Mille told Martha Graham about her frustration. “I confessed that I had a burning desire to be excellent, but no faith that I could be.” Graham responded by saying: “There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translated through you into action, and because there is only one of you in all of time, this expression is unique. And if you block it, it will never exist through any other medium and it will be lost. The world will not have it. It is not your business to determine how good it is nor how valuable nor how it compares with other expressions. It is your business to keep it yours clearly and directly, to keep the channel open.” 24. What can be learned about de Mille’s ballet named Rodeo? A. It earned her a large fortune. B. It didn’t enjoy much success. C. It made her rise to fame overnight. D. It laid a solid foundation for her career. 25. How did de Mille feel about the great success of the musical Oklahoma!? A. Relieved. B. Ashamed. C. Confused. D. Proud. 26. Which of the following best represents Graham’s words in this passage? A. What you create is unique and thus more valuable than others’. B. Your action reveals the inner landscape, which is the soul of music. C. You should always keep yourself open to the inner voice within you. D. Choosing to be positive is going to determine how you live your life. 【答案】24. B 25. C 26. C 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了舞蹈编舞家阿格尼斯·德米尔的创作经历，以及她因作品成败错位陷入困惑，后获名师开导的故事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“A few years later, de Mille choreographed a ballet named Rodeo. Again, she thought her work was solid, but it resulted in little commercial fame. (几年后，德米尔为芭蕾舞剧《牛仔竞技》担任编舞。她依旧认为自己的作品很不错，但这部作品几乎没有获得商业声誉。)”可知，《牛仔竞技》这部作品并未取得太大成功。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“But the success of Oklahoma! didn’t bring her much happiness. She thought that her work on Oklahoma! was only average compared to some of her other creations...I began to think that perhaps my entire scale of values was untrustworthy. (但《俄克拉荷马！》的成功并没有给她带来太多快乐。她认为相较于自己的其他一些作品，她在这部作品上的创作只是一般水准……我开始觉得或许我的整套价值判断体系都是不可靠的。)”可知，德米尔认为自己优秀的作品无人问津，水准一般的作品却大获成功，对此她感到困惑不解。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translated through you into action, and because there is only one of you in all of time, this expression is unique. And if you block it, it will never exist through any other medium and it will be lost. The world will not have it. It is not your business to determine how good it is nor how valuable nor how it compares with other expressions. It is your business to keep it yours clearly and directly, to keep the channel open. (有一种生命力、生命力量、活力与朝气，会通过你转化为行动。因为亘古至今仅此一个你，这份表达独一无二。如果你将其禁锢，它便永远无法通过其他形式呈现，终将消逝，世间再无此物。你无需评判它的优劣、价值高低，也无需将它与其他作品比较。你要做的是清晰直白地坚守自我表达，保持创作通道的畅通。)”可知，格雷厄姆的话核心是要坚守自身内在的独特表达，倾听内心、保持自我的通透与开放。 C In an episode of Friends, actor Joey is asked to host a charity show. “A little good deed… plus some TV exposure, now that’s the kind of math Joey likes to do!” he exclaims, while his friend Phoebe calls it “totally selfish”. This scene captures a common human tendency: our suspicion of do-gooders, especially when they might benefit from their actions. This instinct is explored in a recent paper on “do-gooder derogation (贬损)”. Research shows that we often look for someone’s hidden motive, and once found, we may judge them even more harshly than those who act with obvious self-interest. For instance, in a classic experiment called the public goods game, participants who contributed the most money to a shared pool were often criticized just as badly by other players as those who contributed nothing at all. Psychologist Nichola argues that we are all playing a “status game”, suspicious of anyone who might be faking virtue to boost their own standing. Studies confirm this, revealing a phenomenon known as the “tainted altruism (利他主义) effect”. Imagine your friend Andy volunteers at a homeless shelter. You later discover he is only doing so to get a date with the manager. Studies suggest we view Andy more negatively than someone who took a job at a coffee shop for the same romantic motive. We are more judgemental of the person hiding self-interest behind a charitable act. Hafenbrädl, a researcher at the University of Navarra, suggests this judgment stems from a calculation weighing the social rewards someone gets against the cost of their deed. In one experiment, a resort owner who spent $100,000 cleaning local beaches was considered less moral when he used the act to advertise his business than when he kept it quiet. Interestingly, Hafenbrädl found that people who donated blood or gave to charity for their own sense of self-satisfaction were considered more moral than those seeking to enhance their reputation. Perhaps Joey is right: pure altruism may not exist. But personally, I am happy to forgive the “warm glow” that comes from helping others, if it means there is a little more kindness in the world. 27. The episode of Friends is mentioned in order to ______. A. provide supporting evidence for a theory B. present a phenomenon for further analysis C. illustrate an abstract psychological concept D. highlight conflicts between different values 28. What does the “tainted altruism effect” refer to? A. Judging generous people positively. B. Valuing ordinary jobs over volunteering. C. Rewarding those who seek social recognition. D. Criticizing charitable acts with hidden motives. 29. What can be learned from Hafenbrädl’s experiment? A. Publicity lowers moral credit. B. People undervalue environmental acts. C. The cost of an act shapes its moral evaluation D. Motives have little influence on people’s judgment. 30. What is the author’s attitude towards the “warm glow” of helping others? A. Critical. B. Skeptical. C. Indifferent. D. Tolerant. 【答案】27. B 28. D 29. A 30. D 【解析】 【导语】文章借助《老友记》引入“贬损行善者”心理现象，介绍受私利驱动的利他行为易遭批判的相关研究，作者对助人带来的自我满足感持包容态度。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“This scene captures a common human tendency: our suspicion of do-gooders, especially when they might benefit from their actions.(这一场景揭示了人类的一种普遍倾向：我们对行善者心存怀疑，尤其是当他们可能从自身行为中获益时)”可知，《老友记》这一集被提及，是为了展示一个现象以便进一步分析。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Studies confirm this, revealing a phenomenon known as the “tainted altruism (利他主义) effect”. Imagine your friend Andy volunteers at a homeless shelter. You later discover he is only doing so to get a date with the manager. Studies suggest we view Andy more negatively than someone who took a job at a coffee shop for the same romantic motive. We are more judgemental of the person hiding self-interest behind a charitable act.(研究证实了这一点，揭示出一种被称为“被污染的利他主义效应”的现象。想象一下，你的朋友安迪在一家无家可归者收容所做志愿者。后来你发现，他这么做只是为了和经理约会。研究表明，我们对安迪的看法比那些出于相同浪漫动机而去咖啡店打工的人更加负面。我们更容易对那些以慈善行为掩饰自身私利的人做出评判)”可知，“受污染的利他效应”指的是批评带有隐藏动机的慈善行为。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“In one experiment, a resort owner who spent $100,000 cleaning local beaches was considered less moral when he used the act to advertise his business than when he kept it quiet.(在一项实验中，一位度假村老板花费10万美元清理当地海滩，当他用这一行为来宣传自己的生意时，被认为比保持沉默时更缺乏道德)”可知，宣传会降低道德信誉。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But personally, I am happy to forgive the “warm glow” that comes from helping others, if it means there is a little more kindness in the world.(但就我个人而言，如果这意味着能让世界多一点善意，我愿意原谅帮助他人所带来的“温暖光芒”)”可知，作者对帮助他人这种“温暖光芒”持宽容态度。 D Scientists often complain that people are not rational in their opposition to technologies such as nuclear power and genetically modified (GM) crops. From a statistical perspective, these are very safe, and so people’s fear can be explained only by emotion, strengthened by ignorance. Electricity from nuclear power has led to far fewer direct deaths than has coal-fired power, yet many people are afraid of it, and hardly anyone is afraid of coal plants. Similar arguments can be made about GM crops, which studies have shown are generally safe for most people to eat. Scientific illiteracy may be part of the problem. Most of us are afraid of things we don’t understand, and studies have shown that scientists tend to be more accepting of potentially risky technologies than laypeople. This suggests that when people know a lot about such technologies, they are usually reassured. But there’s more to the issue than meets the eye. It is true that many of us fear the unknown, but it is also true that we don’t care enough about routine risks. Part of the explanation is complacency: we tend not to fear the familiar, and thus familiarity can lead us to underestimate risk. The investigation into the Deepwater Horizon blowout and oil spill in 2010 showed that complacency — among executives, among engineers and among government officials — was a major cause of that disaster. So the fact that experts are unworried about a threat is not necessarily reassuring. Scientists also make a mistake when they assume that public concerns are wholly or even mostly about safety. Some people object to GM crops because these crops facilitate the increased use of chemicals. Others have a problem with the social impacts that switching to GM organisms can have on traditional farming communities or with the political implications of leaving a large share of the food supply in the hands of a few corporations. Geoengineering to lessen the impacts of climate change is another example. Laypeople as well as scientists are more concerned about oversight than safety. Who will decide whether this is a good way to deal with climate change? If we undertake the project of setting the global temperature by controlling how much sunlight reaches Earth’s surface, who will be included in that “we” and by what process will the “right” global temperature be chosen? Can we say which group’s view is closer to an accurate assessment? 31. The underlined word “complacency” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______. A. misprediction B. overconfidence C. underestimation D. irresponsibility 32. The example of geoengineering is used to argue that ______. A. safety is not the whole concern of the public B. geoengineering offers the solution to global issues C. people are unnecessarily troubled by climate change D. lessening the impacts of climate change is challenging 33. What can we learn from the passage? A. Scientific illiteracy is a major cause of disasters. B. The safety of technologies can be accurately assessed. C. People are unworried about risks with proper oversight. D. Scientists misjudge people’s opposition to technologies. 34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Who Is Rational About Risk B. Why Can’t Technology Be Trusted C. Should Scientists Have a Say in Risk D. Is Technology a double-edged Sword 【答案】31. B 32. A 33. D 34. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了科学家常认为民众反对核能、转基因作物等技术是非理性的，实则民众的担忧不局限于安全，还涉及社会、政治、监管等因素，探讨面对风险时科学家与普通民众谁的评判更准确。 【31题详解】 词句猜测题。第三段画线词“complacency”冒号后的内容“we tend not to fear the familiar, and thus familiarity can lead us to underestimate risk(我们往往不会惧怕熟悉的事物，因此熟悉感会让我们低估风险)”是对该词的解释，由此可推知，人们对熟悉事物不畏惧，进而低估风险，这是一种过度自信的心态，画线词应含有“过度自信”之意，与选项中的overconfidence相对应。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Scientists also make a mistake when they assume that public concerns are wholly or even mostly about safety.(科学家还犯了一个错误，他们假定公众的担忧全部或者绝大部分都围绕安全问题。)”可知，地球工程的例子用来证明公众的顾虑并非只有安全这一方面。再根据第五段中的“Geoengineering to lessen the impacts of climate change is another example. Laypeople as well as scientists are more concerned about oversight than safety.(地球工程是另一个例子。外行人乃至科学家都更关心监管问题，而非安全问题。)”可知，该例子进一步佐证了上述观点，说明公众的顾虑并非只有安全这一方面。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“From a statistical perspective, these are very safe, and so people’s fear can be explained only by emotion, strengthened by ignorance.(从统计学角度看，这些技术非常安全，因此人们的恐惧只能归因于情绪，再加上无知的推波助澜。)”以及第四段中的“Scientists also make a mistake when they assume that public concerns are wholly or even mostly about safety.(科学家还犯了一个错误，他们假定公众的担忧全部或者绝大部分都围绕安全问题。)”可知，科学家将民众对技术的反对简单归因为情绪与无知，又误以为公众的顾虑只围绕安全。由此推知，科学家错误判断了人们对技术的反对。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Scientists often complain that people are not rational in their opposition to technologies such as nuclear power and genetically modified (GM) crops.(科学家们常常抱怨，人们在反对核能、转基因作物这类技术时并不理性。)”可知，文章开篇提出科学家认为公众对技术风险的态度是非理性的，随后逐层反驳该片面观点，分析了双方在风险认知上的不同逻辑，最后以“Can we say which group’s view is closer to an accurate assessment?(我们能说哪一方的观点更接近准确的评估吗？)”收尾，核心围绕谁对风险的态度是理性的展开探讨。选项A“Who Is Rational About Risk(面对风险谁是理性的)”涵盖本文主旨，适合作为本文标题。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 My, what a big beak you have! For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. ____35____ In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. ____36____ All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. ____37____ Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins. Ms. Ryding is not the first researcher to take that approach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might have been driving the changes. ____38____ The team combined data from different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation. ____39____ That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow. A. However, looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer. B. For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. C. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors. D. It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to. E. Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals’ bodies. F. Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat. G. Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings. 【答案】35. C 36. G 37. F 38. A 39. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述了地球变暖正在改变动物的外貌，如嘴巴变大。 【35题详解】 根据上文“For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help mitigate the effects of a warm world. (对人类来说，适应气候变化将主要是技术问题。更多的空调、更好设计的房屋和更大的防洪系统可能有助于缓解全球变暖的影响)”可知，人类依靠的是科学技术来适应气候变化。选项C“动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为（去适应）。”承接上文，说明和人类不同，动物要适应气候变化就只能依靠它们的身体和行为。从而引出下文对于动物适应气候变化发生的变化的讲述，上下文通顺合理。故选C项。 【36题详解】 空处位于段末应承接上文。上文“In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. (例如，在一些澳大利亚鹦鹉中，自1871年以来，喙的大小增加了4%到10%。另一项研究，这次是在另一种鸟类北美黑眼鹦鹉中，发现了同样的模式)”列举了一些动物因为天气变暖，喙变大的例子。由此推知，空处承接上文，继续举例。选项G“哺乳动物也有类似的趋势，老鼠、鼩鼱和蝙蝠进化出更大的耳朵、尾巴、腿和翅膀”符合语境，是动物应对天气变化外貌发生变化的例子。故选G项。 【37题详解】 根据上文“‘Allen’s rule’, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded-animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附属物) than those in less hot regions. (“艾伦法则”是以Joel Asaph Allen的名字命名的，他在1877年提出了这一法则，认为在炎热地区的温血动物往往比在不那么炎热地区的动物有更大的附属物)”可知，炎热地区的温血动物往往长有更大的附属物，这是动物对气候的一种适应，选项F“这种适应性增加了动物相对于其身体体积的表面积，帮助它释放多余的热量。”解释了这种现象的产生原因。下文“Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.( 喙拥有丰富的血管，没有绝缘羽毛覆盖，是鸟类散热的理想场所。又比如，与它们的北极近亲相比，原产于撒哈拉沙漠的芬内克狐狸有着惊人的大耳朵)”举例说明动物的这种适应性。上下文通顺合理。故选F项。 【38题详解】 根据下文“The team combined data from different species in different places. (她的团队综合了来自不同地方不同物种的数据)”可知，团队综合了更多地方的数据，选项A“然而，从更大的角度来看，形式更清晰。”说明观察更多会更清楚地看到这种模式，符合语境，上下文通顺合理。故选A项。 【39题详解】 根据下文“That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. (随着气候变暖的加速，这种情况可能会改变。由于任何进化适应都会进行利弊权衡，因此尚不清楚这一过程会走多远)”可知，未来这种情况的变化，that指代上文提到的情况，选项B“至少就目前而言，增幅很小，从未超过10%。”说明现在的变化情况，上下文合理通顺，下文预测这种情况的发展,，且下文中的“That may change”指代选项B中的增长。故选B项。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 “I can’t” might actually mean “I don’t want to,” “I’m afraid,” “I’m confused,” or even “I don’t know how.” And after parsing out hidden meanings for the hundredth time, I can understand why my childhood gymnastics coach had put a gym-wide ban on the phrase. Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again. It wasn’t that he wanted people to do things beyond their skill or safety level. The policy was against the words themselves. He felt they were a shield to hide behind instead of admitting more useful — and actionable — hesitations. “I’m afraid.” “I’ve never done it by myself.” “I need to rest a few minutes before I try.” “I’m embarrassed to try in front of other people.” “I don’t want to, because…” Academic experiences can follow the same pattern. Answering unexpected questions or trying a new protocol in front of an audience can be crippling. Homework problems can compound and seem to get worse with each try instead of better. We end up uttering “I can’t,” because sometimes it’s easier than “I am so frustrated and exhausted that I want to cry,” “This makes me feel so dumb,” or even “I need help.” As an asthmatic, my most vivid memories come from the annual hazing ritual known as the gym-class mile run. For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.” My heart still starts to race just thinking of the number of times my self-preserving “I can’t” was met with a dismissive “Of course you can.” But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because, well, I just can’t. So why try? The number of laps I have avoided with well-timed bathroom breaks is staggering. I can’t go back and tell my childhood self that the mile run wasn’t worth the anticipatory anxiety. But I can remember how badly I wished even one classmate had acknowledged that I had barely missed the school record in sit-and-reach instead of teasing me about laps the next day. I can remember that “I can’t” can so often mean something else. And I can take the time to try to ask the right questions, so that I can say something more useful in response than “Of course you can.” 40. What did people have to do if they said “I can’t” in the author’s childhood gymnastics? _____________________________________________________ 41. What does “I can’t” actually mean when the author said that in the gym-class mile run? _____________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than expressing our feelings. _____________________________________________________ 43. What would you do if the expression “I can’t” occurs to you? Why? (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________ 【答案】40. 50 push-ups. 41. “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.” 42. Letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than expressing our feelings. According to the passage, letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. 43. I will stop using “I can’t” and figure out my real thought behind it. I may be afraid, confused or in need of help. Then I will speak out my true feelings instead of hiding behind the simple phrase. 【解析】 【导语】文章主要剖析“I can’t”背后隐藏的真实想法，结合作者亲身经历，指出该表达的危害并呼吁说出内心真实感受。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第二段中“Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push‑ups before trying conversation again.(任何说这句话的人，即便是其他教练，都必须先做50个俯卧撑才能继续交谈。)”可知，在作者儿时的体操馆，说“I can’t”的人要做50个俯卧撑。 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第四段中“For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.”(对我而言，“我做不到”实际意思是“我害怕在全班同学面前哮喘发作”以及“跑在同学后面好几圈太尴尬；我宁愿全程故意走路来保护自尊心，别来管我。”)”可知，作者说这句话的真实含义为：“我害怕在全班同学面前哮喘发作”，还有“跑在同龄人后面好几圈实在太丢人；我宁愿全程故意走路，以此保护自尊心不受打击，所以别来管我。” 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章最后一段中“But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings.(放任自己习惯性用“I can’t”来搪塞，比仅仅隐藏内心的深层感受造成的伤害更大。)”可知，expressing our feelings不对。理由：动不动就说 “我做不到” 所造成的伤害，远远不只是掩盖我们内心更深层的感受。 【43题详解】 开放性题目，此题要求回答：如果你脑海中浮现出“我做不到”这个想法，你会怎么做？为什么？（大约40个词）答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：我不会再说“我做不到”，而是去弄清这句话背后自己真实的想法。我或许是心怀恐惧、感到困惑，或是正需要帮助。之后我会说出自己的真实感受，而非躲在这句简单的托词背后。 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校上个月举办了基于高考各科目相关知识的主题活动，你的英国朋友Jim在网上看到相关信息，很感兴趣，发来邮件询问有关情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．介绍你参加的某一科目的活动内容； 2．分享你的收获。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Jim, I’m so glad to hear from you! Since you are curious about our school’s recent subject-based activities, I’d love to share my experience in the English event. The highlight was an English Drama Competition. My classmates and I adapted a classic novel into a short play. We spent weeks practicing our lines, perfecting our pronunciation, and learning how to express emotions through body language. The atmosphere on stage was exciting. I benefited a lot from this activity. It not only improved my confidence in speaking English, but it also helped me realize the joy of learning through teamwork. Hope you can join us next time! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以红星中学高三学生李华的身份回复英国朋友Jim的邮件，介绍自己参与的校园学科主题活动内容，并分享个人参与收获。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 高兴的：glad → delighted 表达：express → convey 令人兴奋的：exciting → thrilling 提高：improve → enhance 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：It not only improved my confidence in speaking English, but it also helped me realize the joy of learning through teamwork. 拓展句：Not only did it improve my confidence in speaking English, but it also helped me realize the joy of learning through teamwork. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Since you are curious about our school’s recent subject-based activities, I’d love to share my experience in the English event.（运用了Since引导的原因状语从句） 【高分句型 2】We spent weeks practicing our lines, perfecting our pronunciation, and learning how to express emotions through body language.（运用了动名词作宾语、“疑问词+不定式”） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $