Unit 1 Science and Scientists A卷·基础达标卷-【金卷1号】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第二册单元检测AB卷（人教版）

Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS A卷 基础达标卷 (时间：90分钟满分：120分) 第一部分基础知识运用 第一节单词拼写（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 圜 1.If all these instances (定期订购)to the same topic,it can cause serious problems. 2.I shall continue to believe it until I have (证据)to the contrary. 扣 3.Many tools have some support for this in their ability to support (多种多样的) users. 多 4.In fact,the country has neither the capacity nor the will for such (介入) 5.Much of the (生的)beef is cooked and canned at the plant.. 6.We know that ice is disappearing and after a while it just becomes a (统计数据). 7.With just this one agreement,you can completely (改变)your life. 8.His (助理；助手)，Charles,invited me to watch TV in the waiting room. 9.What impresses us most are your art skills,in which you showed (优秀的) 如 talent. 数 10.As we all know,the global water shortage is becoming increasingly (严重的). 第二节单句语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 11.These standards regulate how such foods are grown, (handle)and processed. 12.When you feel (frustrate),you should also smile to cheer yourself up. 阳 13.The poems may not make sense and even seem contradict),but they are 翻 easy to learn and recite. 14.Never put butter,oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause (infect). 15.She bought a (mechanic)dog for her sister. 16.Property insurance helps you to defend natural disasters,in front of which humans appear too small. 17.Anyone stuck in it without water would die dehydration within three days. 18.Judging from the appearance,it is very peaceful,but in fact,a war will break soon. 19.If you want to succeed,above you should believe in yourself. 20.That's I want to become a volunteer. 第三节完成句子（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）》 21.The police his careless driving. 警方把这起交通事故归咎于他的粗心驾驶。 22.Doctors he may have a heart condition. 医生怀疑他可能有心脏病。 23.It's reported that millions of people by smoking every year. 据报道，每年有数百万人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。 24.1 in advance. 我已提前把一切都准备好了。 25.It is I can't finish it on my own. 这是一个如此具有挑战性的工作，我自己无法完成。 26.I think the driver for the accident. 我认为这名司机应当为这次事故负责。 27. the help of the army,people who got injured were sent to the hospital immediately. 因为/幸亏有军队的帮助，受伤的人们被立即送往医院。 28.Can I speak to whoever is 我能和负责这个项目的人谈谈吗？ 29.She can do many things that I 她能做很多我让她做的事情。 30.There was a time any longer and went through several failures. 有一段时间，我对英语不再感兴趣，经历了几次失败。 第二部分阅读理解 第一节（共8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分） A We are the products of evolution,and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago.As scientists look deeper into our genes ()they are finding examples of human 2 evolution in just the past few thousand years.People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes.Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (that helps them digest milk as adults. On Thursday in an article published in Cell,a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation-not to air or to food,but to the ocean.A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.The Bajau,as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia,Malaysia and the Philippines.They have traditionally lived on houseboats;in recent times,they've also built houses on stilts ( in coastal waters."They are simply a stranger to the land,"said Rodney C.Jubilado,a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau. Dr.Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers,spearfishing or harvesting shellfish."We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,"Dr.Jubilado said."I could see them actually walking under the sea. In 2015,Melissa Ilardo,then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen,heard about the Bajau.She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them."It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,"said Dr.Ilardo.She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. 31.What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1? A.Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B.New knowledge of human evolution. C.Recent findings of human origin. D.Significance of food selection. 32.Where do the Bajau build their houses? A.In valleys. B.Near rivers. C.On the beach. D.Off the coast. 33.Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau? A.They could walk on stilts all day. B.They had a superb way of fishing. C.They could stay long underwater. D.They lived on both land and water. 34.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B.Highlanders'Survival Skills C.Basic Methods of Genetic Research D.The World's Best Divers 3 B A Swedish man was trapped in his car for two months,with temperatures reaching -30C, with no food or water,and yet he survived.The best explanation was that his vehicle created an "igloo (snow house)effect"and protected him from the extremely low temperatures and that his body would hibernate(冬眠)during this time. Can humans get into a low-energy consumption state like a bear by reserving energy, and reducing body temperature?Chinese scientists are looking for the key to regulating body temperature. Scientists have found the hypothalarmus ()an area in the central lower part of the brain,is responsible for regulating their body temperature.A Chinese brain scientist led her team to mark the neurons responsible for regulating body temperature in mice by means of a cutting-edge genetic biology technique.In the experiments,they injected drug into mice to make the body temperatures of the mice drop from 37C to 27C in two hours. The team found the change in their body temperature caused no harm to the health of the mice."We don't know if we can develop a drug that can control human body temperature. We still need a lot of study."the scientist said. Chinese scientists are not alone in such research.Body-cooling techniques are being used in pioneering hospitals around the world.Dutch doctors are now using low temperatures for patients who have suffered brain injuries in accidents.And According to doctors'work in Florence,it may even help to save the brains of babies who are born with severe epileptic fits(癫痫病发作). 35.Why does the author mention the Swedish man? A.To tell an amazing story. B.To introduce the topic. C.To teach survival skills. D.To explain“igloo effect”. 36.What did the Chinese scientists'team find in the experiment? A.Genetic biology technique helped a lot. B.A drug could control human body temperature. C.The mice's health wasn't damaged by the change of body temperature. D.Hypothalarmus was responsible for regulating body temperature. 一4 37.How can body-cooling techniques help people? A.Brain injuries may be treated properly. B.People trapped in snow can survive. C.Patients with epileptic fits will be cured. D.Medical accidents can be avoided. 38.The text is probably taken from A.a biology textbook B.a science fiction C.a survival brochure D.a medical magazine 第二节阅读七选五（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） How teens can stay fit Any type of regular,physical activity can improve your fitness and your health.39 Exercise should be a regular part of your day,like brushing your teeth,eating and sleeping.It can be takings a gym class,joining a sports team,or working out on your own.Keep the following tips in mind: 40 A good attitude is important.Find an activity that you think is fun.You are more likely to stick with it if you choose something you like.A lot of people find it's more fun to exercise with someone else,so see if you can find a friend or a family member to be active with you. Take it one step at a time.41 For example,walk or ride your bike to school,get on or off the bus several blocks away and walk the rest of the way,and use the stairs instead of taking the elevator. Get your heart pumping ()Whatever you choose,make sure it includes aerobic (activity that makes you breathe harder and increases your heart rate.This is the best type of exercise because it increases your fitness level and makes your heart work better.42 Examples of aerobic activities are basketball,running,or swimming. Don't forget to warm up.With some easy exercises or stretching (before you do any physical activity.43 It is also important to stretch out after you exercise to cool down your muscles. A.It also burns off body fat. B.Stay positive and have fun. C.Make physical activity a habit. D.Small changes can add up to better fitness. E.The most important thing is that you keep moving! F.This warms your muscles up and may help protect against injury. G.Do the activity as often as possible,but don't exercise to the point of pain. 第三部分完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，共15分） One of the most remarkable things about the human mind is our ability to imagine the future.In our 44 we can see what has not yet happened.For example,while we are looking forward to 45 a new place or country,we 46 what it will be like.We predict the way people will eat,dress and act.Of course,we do not always predict things 47.Things are often very different from the way we 48 them to be. One of the 49 dreams in history is the dream of the German scientist,Kekule, who had been 50 to work out a very difficult problem in physics.He had 51 and analyzed the problem from every angle for days,but there seemed to be no way of 52 out the answer.Then one night he went to bed and dreamed.When he 53 up,he realized that he knew the answer.He had solved the problem in his 54. It is said that in order to figure out the answer,the hypnotist()sat in the chair opposite him and spoke 55 :"I want you to concentrate on my voice.And as you pay attention to my voice,your 56 will get heavier.Soon you'll be asleep.You will hear my voice and 57 my words,but your body will be asleep,and when you wake up you will remember nothing.Now I am going to 58 slowly from one to five.One,two, three,four,five..” 44.A.brains B.senses C.minds D.sights 45.A.visiting B.seeking C.reaching D.discovering 46.A.imagine B.know C.feel D.guess 47.A.quickly B.simply C.correctly D.neatly 48.A.required B.wished C.left D.expected 49.A.funny B.dull C.famous D.silly 50.A.managing B.trying C.thinking D.hoping 51.A.studied B.learned C.discussed D.searched 52.A.bringing B.finding C.turning D.letting 53.A.gave B.sat C.woke D.got 54.A.dream B.lesson C.research D.exercise 55.A.softly B.loudly C.slowly D.firmly 56.A.eyes B.feet C.head D.body 57.A.believe B.repeat C.take D.understand 58.A.count B.say C,add D.speak 第四部分写作 第一节基础写作训练（满分10分） I.完成句子 59.Tu Youyou,a great chemist and scientist, the cure for malaria. 屠呦呦是一位伟大的化学家和科学家，她把大部分时间都花在寻找治疗疟疾的方法上。 60.In 2015,she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering artemisinin, the treatment of malaria. 2015年，她因发现青蒿素而获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，青蒿素是治疗疟疾的关键。 61. the world that she has become an idol of many people, including me. 她对世界的贡献是巨大的，她已经成为许多人的偶像，包括我。 62.Behind her success were numerous failures and setbacks,but never 在她成功的背后是无数的失败和挫折，但她从未放弃。 63. I decided to study harder so as to realize my dream. 受到她故事的鼓舞，我决定更加努力学习，以实现我的梦想。 Ⅱ.连句成篇（将I题中的句子连句成篇） 第二节读后续写（共25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 续写的词数应为150左右。 There was once a beautiful town in which there were a couple of lovers who would often stay together on the top of the mountain enjoying the sunrise and by the sea appreciating the sunset.Everyone who knew them could not help envying them and praying for their happy love. But one day,the man was severely injured and lying in bed in hospital for several days without any consciousness.The woman guarded him by the bed in daytime,calling his name constantly while at night,she would go to the church and pray to God until her tears rolled down her face. A week passed by and the man was still sleeping.The woman was exhausted,but she still persisted.One day,God was finally moved by her love and persistence and would like to do her a special favor. God asked her,"Do you really want to exchange your lover's life with yours?"The woman answered without the least hesitation,"Yes."God said,"All right.I can help your lover recover quickly on the condition that you should promise to be a butterfly for three years.Do you agree with the deal?"She said excitedly and firmly,"Yes,I do!" The next day,the woman became a beautiful butterfly and said goodbye to God, flying hurriedly to the hospital.It turned out that the man came to his consciousness and woke up,talking with a doctor.She could not hear what they were talking about because she could not fly into the house.What she could do was watch her beloved through the windows helplessly. After several days,the man entirely recovered and went out of hospital.However,he was unhappy and asking every passer-by for the woman's information,but no one knew where the woman went.The man searched her persistently without eating or resting.So much did he miss her that he was eager to see her immediately.Never did he know that the woman had turn into a butterfly that was flying around him all the time.She could not speak to and hug him.She could only bear the suffering that he did not realize her existence. Paragraph 1: After summer was over,the autumn came. Paragraph 2: The butterfly felt heartbroken. 8参考 Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS A卷 第一部分基础知识运用 第一节单词拼写 1.subscribe 2.proof 3.multiple 4.intervention 5.raw 6.statistic 7.transform 8.assistant 9.outstanding 10.severe 第二节单句语法填空 11.handled 12.frustrated 13.contradictory 14.infection 15.mechanical 16.against 17.from 18.out 19.all 20.why 第三节完成句子 21.blamed the traffic accident on 22.suspect that 23.die from illnesses caused 24.have had everything prepared 25.so challenging a job/such a challenging job that 26.is to blame 27.As a result of/Thanks to 28.in charge of this project 29.have her do 30.when I was not interested in English 第二部分阅读理解 第一节 A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。最近一项对人 类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在 数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因 为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应 海洋生活。 3l.B[推理判断题。根据第一段的We are the products of evolution,and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago.As scientists look deeper into our genes,they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十 亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们 的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化 的例子)可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了 告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是 人类在最近几千年也在进化。B.New knowledge of human evolution.(人类进化的新 知识)符合以上说法，故选B项。] 10 答案 32.D[细节理解题。根据第二段的The Bajau,as these people are known,number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.They have traditionally lived on houseboats;in recent times,they've also built houses on stilts in coastal waters.(这些人被称为Bajau,在印 度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。 他们一直住在船屋上；最近他们也把房子建 在沿海水域的吊脚楼上)可知，Bajau把房子 建在沿海区域。D.Off the coast..(沿海)符 合以上说法，故选D项。] 33.C[细节理解题。根据第三段的We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders.(我们很 惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛 民要长的多)可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是 Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C.They could stay long underwater.(他们能在水下待 很长时间)符合以上说法，故选C项。] 34.A[主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤 其是第二段的On Thursday in an article published in Cell,a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation-not to air or to food,but to the ocean.(周四，在《细胞》杂志 上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一 种新的适应——不是空气也不是食物，而是海 洋)可知，本文主要讲述了一种新的进化，即长 期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau 人的身体进化成更适应海洋生活。A.Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea(身体为适应海洋生 活而重塑)可以作为本文标题，故选A项。] B 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了科学家们对体温调 节的研究。 35.B[推理判断题。根据第二段的点题可推 知，第一段的具体案例是本文的引子，起到 导入话题的作用。] 36.C[细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第三句 "The team found the change in body temperature caused no harm to the health of the mice.”可知， 王虹团队发现体温变化对老鼠的健康并没有 损害。] 37.A[推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句 "Dutch doctors are now using low temperatures for patients who have suffered brain injuries in accidents.”可推知，体温冷却术有助于为脑部 受伤的病人进行治疗。] 38.D[文章出处题。根据对全文的整体理 解可知，本文是一篇医学研究，由此可推 知，本文有可能选自一本医学杂志。] 第二节阅读七选五 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章向青少年 介绍了几条如何保持身体健康的建议。 39.E[由下文关于运动方面的几条建议可知，作 者认为保持身体健康最好的办法是运动。E项 中的“keep moving”指代下文的“Exercise”。] 40.B[B项中的“Stay positive”和“have fun” 分别与下文的“A good attitude”和“activity that you think is fun”相呼应。] 4l.D[根据本段小标题Take it one step at a time.可知，循序渐进，小小的改变也能使 身体更健康，故选D项。] 42.A[有氧运动可以提高健康水平、使心 脏更好地工作，也可以起到燃烧身体脂 肪的作用，故选A项。] 43.F[根据下文的“stretch out after you exercise to cool down your muscles”可知， 运动前先进行热身是为了保护身体避免受 伤，故选F项。] 第三部分完形填空 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过 德国科学家Kekule做梦解题的故事，说明了人 类思维的神奇能力。 44.C[根据前一句“One of the most remarkable things about the human mind is our ability to imagine the future'”可知，人类思维最显著的特 点之一就是有想象未来的能力；据此可知，空 处指“思维”，故C项正确。] 45.A[根据该句中的“a new place or country” 可推知，当我们期望去参观(visiting)某个新 地方或新国家时，我们总是想象(imagine)那 里会是什么样子。] 46.A[参见上题解析。] 47.C[根据空后一句“Things are often very different from the way we them to be" 可知，事情总是不同于我们预料(expected) 的那样；据此可以判断，我们不是总能正确 10 地(correctly)预测事情。] 48.D[参见上题解析。expect“预料，预期”。] 49.C[根据该句中的“dreams in history is the dream of the German scientist,Kekule”及下文 可知，该处陈述的是历史上著名的德国科学家 Kekule的梦。C项意为“著名的”，符合语境，故 C项正确。A项意为“有趣的”；B项意为“无趣 的”；D项意为“愚蠢的”。] 50.B[根据该句中的“Kekule,who had been to work out a very difficult problem in physics”及下文可知，Kekule一直在努力解 一道物理难题；try to do sth.意为“努力做某 事”，符合语境，故B项正确。manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”，强调结果，与语 境不符。] 5l.A[根据该句中的“He had and analyzed the problem from every angle for days”可知，他从多个角度研究(studied)和 分析了这个难题。] 52.B[似乎没有办法弄清答案。find out“弄清， 查明”；bring out“使表现出”；turn out“结果是， 证明是”；let out“放出；发出（声音）”。] 53.C[根据空前一句“Then one night he went to bed and dreamed”可知，空处所在 句表示他醒来时意识到自己知道了答案。 wake up为固定短语，意为“醒来”，故C项 正确。] 54.A[根据上文中的“he went to bed and dreamed.When heup,he realized that he knew the answer”可知，他在梦(dream) 中解决了这个难题。] 55.A[根据语境并结合常识可知，此处是对 Kekule进行催眠，故催眠师应是柔和地 (softly)说着话。] 56.A[根据常识可知，被催眠师催眠时，眼皮 会变得沉重。故选A项。] 57.D[根据该句中的“You will hear my voice and my words'”可知，此处指听到声音 并理解听到的话。understand“理解，明白” 符合语境。] 58.A[根据文中的“Now I am going to slowly from one to five.One,two,three, four,five”可知，此处表示数数；A项意为 “(按顺序)数数”，符合语境，故A项正确。] 第四部分写作 6 第一节基础写作训练 I.完成句子 59.devoted most of her time to finding 60.which is the key to 61.So great is her contribution to 62.did she give up 63.Inspired by her story Ⅱ.连句成篇 Tu Youyou,a great chemist and scientist, devoted most of her time to finding the cure for malaria.In 2015,she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering artemisinin,which is the key to the treatment of malaria.So great is her contribution to the world that she has become an idol of many people,including me.Behind her success were numerous failures and setbacks,but never did she give up.Inspired by her story,I decided to study harder so as to realize my dream. 第二节读后续写 参考范文： Paragraph 1: After summer was over,the autumn came. The butterfly had to leave the man at that time. She flew again on the man's shoulder and used her thin wings to touch his face and used her tiny lips to kiss his forehead,but her tiny body could hardly be detected by him,and her sobs could only be heard by herself.Finally,she had to say goodbye to him unwillingly and flew away.However,when another spring came, the butterfly was in a hurry to fly back to see the man,only to realize that there was a pretty lady standing by him.She could barely believe what she saw -the man held a wedding with his new girlfriend. Paragraph 2: The butterfly felt heartbroken.At that moment,she was so shocked that she almost fell down from the sky.The butterfly knew that all these should have belonged to her,but now belonged to another woman.The butterfly could not help shedding her tears sadly. 10 Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS B卷 第二部分阅读 第一节 A 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了马莱塔岛 (所罗门群岛中的一个大岛)至今仍以贝壳为流 通货币的情况。 21.B[词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的 "convinced that one day,it will make them wealthy beyond imagination”可以推断出， 有些人甚至储存这样的贝壳，他们相信将来 会发财，故选B项。] 22.D[细节理解题。根据第四段的“How much tuna(金枪鱼肉)you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape”可知，你用贝 壳能换多少金枪鱼肉取决于你的贝壳的颜色 和形状，即贝壳的颜色和形状决定了它的价 值，故选D项。] 23.A[推理判断题。虽然作者在第一段和尾 段提到了比特币，但通读全文可以发现，作 者主要讲述的不是比特币的形成、使用等， 而是讲述了马莱塔岛至今以贝壳为流通货 币这一情况，故选A项。] 分 语篇解读：作者用亲身经历为我们阐释了勇敢 迈出舒适区，追求自己想要的生活，最终实现目 标的重要性。 24.D[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This statement is especially powerful because it reminds us that we are the only ones who can be responsible for how far we will go. 可知，作者引用拿破仑·希尔的话是想表 达：我们的梦想有多大，我们就能走 多远。] 25.A[推理判断题。作者在第三段告诫我们， 我们要想达到目标，最重要的是走出舒适 区，同时坚持到底也同等重要，所以A项是 最佳答案。] 26.C[推理判断题。作者在第三段中介绍了 一段实现自己目标的经历。他过去一直想 到阿根廷居住，所以在攻读学士学位期间， 他毅然买了一张单程票去了阿根廷，在那儿 他在网上完成了学业。且由第四段中的“I can proudly say that taking the necessary