Unit2_Great_Ideas_讲义 2026-2027学年沪教版英语九年级上册

本讲义围绕“伟大的思想”主题，聚焦阿基米德故事与老子文化，系统梳理核心词汇（20个单词及词性转换）、重点短语，详解陈述句等四种句子类型语法。学习支架从词汇短语基础练习，到语篇精读与文化理解，再到语法运用，最后综合检测，形成递进学习脉络。 资料亮点在于分板块分层练习设计，从基础单词拼写、词性转换到语篇综合运用，提升语言能力。融入老子与《道德经》文化内容，培养文化意识。通过阿基米德实验分析，锻炼思维品质。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生查漏补缺，强化知识掌握。

沪教牛津版九年级英语上册 Unit 2 Great ideas 讲义 （2026 新版教材 · 含分板块分层练习与单元综合练习） 一、单元概述 ■ 单元主题：Great ideas（伟大的思想）——通过阅读阿基米德与金王冠的故事，理解"尤里卡时刻"的意义，学习中外伟大思想与发现。 ■ Reading 语篇：Archimedes and the golden crown（阿基米德与金王冠） ■ Focus on culture：Laozi and Daodejing（老子与《道德经》） ■ 核心语法：句子类型（Sentence types — 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句） ■ 学习目标：① 掌握本单元核心词汇及词性转换；② 理解并运用四种句子类型进行表达；③ 能读懂阿基米德的故事并复述解决问题的过程；④ 了解老子与《道德经》的思想，学习与自然和谐相处。 二、核心词汇 （一）单词表 序号 单词 音标 词性 中文释义 1 fancy /'fænsɪ/ adj. 精致的；绚丽的 2 satisfied /'sætɪsfaɪd/ adj. 满意的；满足的 3 prince /prɪns/ n. 王子 4 displace /dɪs'pleɪs/ v. 排出；取代 5 fool /fuːl/ v. 欺骗；愚弄 6 prison /'prɪzn/ n. 监狱；牢狱 7 wire /'waɪə/ n. 金属丝；电线 8 prove /pruːv/ v. 证明；证实 9 hardly /'hɑːdlɪ/ adv. 几乎不；几乎没有 10 balanced /'bælənst/ adj. 保持平衡的 11 reject /rɪ'dʒekt/ v. 拒绝接受；不予考虑 12 thus /ðʌs/ adv. 因此；如此 13 firm /fɜːm/ adj. 牢固的；坚硬的 14 ignorance /'ɪgnərəns/ n. 无知 15 application /ˌæplɪ'keɪʃn/ n. 应用 16 philosopher /fɪ'lɒsəfə/ n. 哲学家 17 physicist /'fɪzɪsɪst/ n. 物理学家 18 biologist /baɪ'ɒlədʒɪst/ n. 生物学家 19 chemist /'kemɪst/ n. 化学家 20 dramatist /'dræmətɪst/ n. 剧作家 【词汇练习一】根据中文提示写出英文单词（基础巩固） 题型：单词拼写｜考查：本单元单词表全部核心词汇记忆｜难度：★ 要求：根据中文提示，写出单词表中的全部 20 个单词（第 1~10 个写在左栏，第 11~20 个写在右栏）。 第 1~10 个单词 第 11~20 个单词 1. 精致的；绚丽的　________________ 11. 拒绝接受；不予考虑　________________ 2. 满意的；满足的　________________ 12. 因此；如此　________________ 3. 王子　________________ 13. 牢固的；坚硬的　________________ 4. 排出；取代　________________ 14. 无知　________________ 5. 欺骗；愚弄　________________ 15. 应用　________________ 6. 监狱；牢狱　________________ 16. 哲学家　________________ 7. 金属丝；电线　________________ 17. 物理学家　________________ 8. 证明；证实　________________ 18. 生物学家　________________ 9. 几乎不；几乎没有　________________ 19. 化学家　________________ 10. 保持平衡的　________________ 20. 剧作家　________________ （二）重点词性转换 原词 派生词 satisfy (v. 使满意) satisfied (adj. 满意的) → satisfying (adj. 令人满意的) → satisfaction (n. 满意) fool (v. 欺骗 / n. 傻瓜) foolish (adj. 愚蠢的) → foolishly (adv. 愚蠢地) prove (v. 证明) proof (n. 证据) → disprovable (adj. 可证伪的) balance (v./n. 平衡) balanced (adj. 平衡的) → unbalanced (adj. 不平衡的) reject (v. 拒绝) rejection (n. 拒绝) → rejective (adj. 拒绝的) ignore (v. 忽视) ignorance (n. 无知) → ignorant (adj. 无知的) apply (v. 应用) application (n. 应用) → applied (adj. 应用的) → applicant (n. 申请人) philosophy (n. 哲学) philosopher (n. 哲学家) → philosophical (adj. 哲学的) physics (n. 物理学) physicist (n. 物理学家) → physical (adj. 物理的；身体的) biology (n. 生物学) biologist (n. 生物学家) → biological (adj. 生物的) chemistry (n. 化学) chemist (n. 化学家) → chemical (adj. 化学的) drama (n. 戏剧) dramatist (n. 剧作家) → dramatic (adj. 戏剧性的) hard (adj./adv. 坚硬的；努力地) hardly (adv. 几乎不) → hardness (n. 坚硬) firm (adj. 牢固的) firmly (adv. 牢固地) → firmness (n. 坚固) displace (v. 排开) displacement (n. 排水量；取代) prince (n. 王子) princess (n. 公主) → princely (adj. 王子般的) 【词汇练习二】用所给词的适当形式填空（基础巩固） 题型：词性转换｜考查：核心词汇的派生形式｜难度：★ 1. Are you ________ (satisfy) with the result of the experiment? 2. The ________ (physics) made a great discovery about light. 3. Don't be ________ (fool). You should think carefully before you act. 4. The scientist gave a ________ (prove) that the theory was correct. 5. He could ________ (hard) believe his eyes when he saw the result. 6. We should live a ________ (balance) life between work and rest. 7. The ________ (apply) of this theory has changed our daily life. 8. The proposal was ________ (reject) by the committee yesterday. 9. Laozi was a great ________ (philosophy) in ancient China. 10. The ________ (chemistry) mixed the two liquids carefully in the lab. 【词汇练习三】单词释义搭配（从 A~J 中选出与各词义相符的单词）（能力提升） 题型：英文释义配对｜考查：核心词汇理解｜难度：★★ 词库：A. fancy B. satisfied C. prince D. displace E. fool F. prison G. prove H. hardly I. balanced J. reject 1. ________ to show that something is true 2. ________ almost not; barely 3. ________ decorative; not plain 4. ________ to take or move something away from its position 5. ________ the son of a king 6. ________ to cheat or trick someone 7. ________ keeping or showing a state of equal weight 8. ________ a place where criminals are kept 9. ________ pleased because you have got what you wanted 10. ________ to refuse to accept something 【词汇练习四】语篇选词填空（从方框中选词，每词限用一次）（综合运用） 题型：语篇选词｜考查：词汇在语境中的综合运用｜难度：★★★ fancy satisfied displace fool prove hardly reject thus balanced application Last week, our class read the story of Archimedes. We were all 1.________ by his clever idea. The teacher asked us to 2.________ that we understood the story by retelling it. I could 3.________ believe that a simple bath could solve the king's problem! After class, we did an experiment in the lab. We put a metal ball into water and watched it 4.________ some of the water. It was a 5.________ experiment — we used colourful water to see the change clearly. Our teacher said, "Don't 6.________ yourselves by thinking science is boring. Science is everywhere!" Then we discussed Laozi's idea of living a 7.________ life. We should not 8.________ new ideas just because they are different. The 9.________ of Archimedes' principle can be seen in many areas of life. 10.________, we learned that great ideas often come from careful observation. 三、重点短语 短语 释义 be satisfied with 对……感到满意 go straight to 直奔；径直前往 fill...with... 用……填满 run over 溢出 lightning rod 避雷针 as a whole 作为一个整体；总体上 get sth. across 把某事讲清楚 find out 查明；弄清 in the end 最后；终于 be made of 由……制成（看得出原材料） be made from 由……制成（看不出原材料） be made up of 由……组成 【短语练习一】用适当的短语填空（每个短语限用一次）（基础巩固） 题型：短语填空｜考查：核心短语记忆与运用｜难度：★ 词库：be satisfied with, go straight to, fill...with, run over, as a whole, find out, in the end, be made of, be made from, be made up of 1. At first, King Hiero ________ the fancy golden crown. 2. Archimedes ________ the palace to see the king. 3. He ________ the pot ________ water and put the crown in. 4. When he got into the bath, some water ________. 5. He tried hard and ________ the truth in the end. 6. The bridge ________ stone and steel. 7. Paper ________ wood. 8. The team ________ ten players. 9. The book is good ________. 10. ________, he solved the difficult problem. 【短语练习二】翻译句子（能力提升） 题型：翻译句子｜考查：核心短语在句子中的运用｜难度：★★ 要求：将下列句子翻译成英文，写在横线上。 1. 起初，国王对这顶王冠非常满意。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. 阿基米德径直前往王宫见国王。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 他往浴缸里放满了水。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. 当他踏进浴缸时，一些水溢了出来。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. 纸是由木材制成的。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. 最后，他查明王冠不是纯金的。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 四、课文精读 （一）课文原文 One day in the ancient Greek city of Syracuse, King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a fancy golden crown. At first, he was very satisfied with it. "It's a nice crown, isn't it?" he asked his son, the prince. However, later he began to doubt whether it was a real golden crown. "Is it made completely of gold?" he wondered. He sent it to Archimedes and asked him to find out the truth. "This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?" thought Archimedes. Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water. When he got into the bath, some water ran over. "Eureka! That's it!" shouted Archimedes. "I know how to solve the king's problem!" Archimedes went straight to the palace to see the king. First, he weighed the crown and asked the king for some gold of the same weight. Next, he put two pots into two big bowls and filled both pots with water. He put the gold into one pot, and some water ran into the bowl. Then he put the crown into the other pot. This time, even more water ran into the bowl. "Look at this," said Archimedes to King Hiero. "A crown made completely of gold displaces less water than a crown made of gold and another metal. This crown displaced more water than gold of the same weight, so I know it's definitely not completely made of gold." "The crown maker fooled me, didn't he? What a bad man he is!" shouted King Hiero. He then sent the crown maker to prison, and he praised Archimedes for his clever discovery. （二）课文翻译 一天，在古希腊城市叙拉古，希罗王让一个王冠工匠为他制作一顶精美的金王冠。起初，他对王冠非常满意。 "这是一顶漂亮的王冠，不是吗？"他问自己的儿子——王子。然而后来，他开始怀疑这是否是一顶真正的黄金王冠。"它完全是由黄金制成的吗？"他疑惑道。他把王冠送给阿基米德，让他查明真相。 "这个问题似乎很难解决。我该怎么办？"阿基米德想。 阿基米德往浴缸里放水时仍在思考这个问题。当他踏进浴缸时，一些水溢了出来。 "尤里卡！就是它了！"阿基米德喊道。"我知道怎么解决国王的问题了！" 阿基米德径直前往王宫见国王。首先，他称了王冠的重量，并向国王要了同等重量的黄金。接着，他把两个罐子放进两个大碗里，往罐子里装满水。他把黄金放入其中一个罐子，一些水溢进了碗里。然后他把王冠放入另一个罐子。这一次，溢进碗里的水更多了。 "请看，"阿基米德对希罗王说。"完全由黄金制成的王冠比掺杂了其他金属的王冠排开的水要少。这顶王冠比同等重量的黄金排开的水更多，所以我知道它肯定不是纯金的。" "那个工匠骗了我，不是吗？他真是个坏人！"希罗王大喊道。于是他把工匠关进监狱，并称赞阿基米德的聪明发现。 （三）课文语言点解析 1. be satisfied with 对……感到满意（固定搭配，后接名词、代词或动名词）。 课文例句：At first, he was very satisfied with it. 拓展例句：Are you satisfied with the result of the experiment? 2. doubt whether 怀疑是否……（doubt 后接 whether 引导的宾语从句，表示不确定）。 课文例句：He began to doubt whether it was a real golden crown. 拓展例句：I doubt whether he will come to the meeting tomorrow. 3. be made completely of 完全由……制成（be made of 表示看得出原材料的制成）。 课文例句：Is it made completely of gold? 拓展例句：The bridge is made completely of stone. 4. seem + adj. + to do 似乎……（seem 后接形容词，再接不定式）。 课文例句：This problem seems difficult to solve. 拓展例句：The question seems easy to answer. 5. fill...with... 用……填满（fill 后接容器，with 后接填充物）。 课文例句：He filled his bath with water. 拓展例句：Please fill the bottle with clean water. 6. run over 溢出（动词+副词短语，表示液体满出容器）。 课文例句：Some water ran over. 拓展例句：The milk ran over when she poured it into the full cup. 7. go straight to 直奔；径直前往（straight 为副词，修饰 go）。 课文例句：Archimedes went straight to the palace. 拓展例句：After school, he went straight to the library to study. 8. displace 排开（水）；取代（及物动词，本单元指排开水的体积）。 课文例句：A crown made completely of gold displaces less water. 拓展例句：The new technology has displaced the old method in many factories. 9. fool 欺骗；愚弄（及物动词，后接被欺骗的对象）。 课文例句：The crown maker fooled me. 拓展例句：Don't try to fool me — I know the truth. 10. send...to prison 把……关进监狱（固定搭配，send 后接人，to prison 为介词短语）。 课文例句：He sent the crown maker to prison. 拓展例句：The judge sent the thief to prison for three years. 11. praise sb. for sth. 因某事称赞某人（praise 为及物动词，后接人和原因）。 课文例句：He praised Archimedes for his clever discovery. 拓展例句：The teacher praised him for his excellent performance. 12. What a + adj. + n. + S + V! 感叹句结构（What 引导，修饰名词短语）。 课文例句：What a bad man he is! 拓展例句：What a clever boy he is! 【课文练习一】根据课文内容完成句子（每空一词）（能力提升） 题型：完成句子｜考查：课文细节与核心短语运用｜难度：★★ 1. At first, King Hiero was very ________ ________ the fancy golden crown. 2. He began to ________ whether it was a real golden crown. 3. Archimedes filled his bath ________ water. 4. "Eureka! That's ________!" shouted Archimedes. 5. A crown made completely of gold ________ less water than a mixed one. 6. The crown maker ________ the king and was sent to prison. 7. King Hiero praised Archimedes ________ his clever discovery. 【课文练习二】根据课文内容回答问题（综合运用） 题型：问答｜考查：课文理解与表达｜难度：★★★ 1. Where did King Hiero live? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Who did the king ask to find out the truth? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. What happened when Archimedes got into the bath? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. How did Archimedes prove that the crown was not completely made of gold? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. What did the king do to the crown maker at the end of the story? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 五、Focus on culture 精读 （一）语篇原文 Laozi was a scholar and wise man who lived in the late Spring and Autumn period. It is believed that he wrote Daodejing. It is one of the most important works in Chinese history and it has influenced ideas in China and the world for more than 2,000 years. Daodejing is a guide on how to think and act. The central idea in Daodejing is Dao, commonly translated as "Way", and the title Daodejing is understood as "Way of nature as a whole". To achieve what is good, men should respect the laws of nature. The idea is that we, as humans, should live a simple, peaceful and balanced life, respecting our place in nature. It is not surprising, therefore, that many of Laozi's famous sayings use nature to get the message across: "The highest good is like water. Water gives life to the ten thousand things and does not strive. It flows in places men reject and so is like the Dao." This saying reflects Laozi's idea that Dao or "Way" is everywhere (like water). We should not try to control things; we should accept what we have and thus allow ourselves to go with the way of nature — that is, to achieve the highest good. Daodejing has had a lasting impact on culture in China and beyond. Its ideas about living in harmony with nature have inspired people all over the world, and the book has also influenced philosophy, art and literature. Although Daodejing was written over 2,000 years ago, it is still widely read today because its ideas continue to have meaning in our modern lives. （二）语篇翻译 老子是一位生活在春秋末期的学者和智者。人们认为他撰写了《道德经》。《道德经》是中国历史上最重要的著作之一，两千多年来影响了中国乃至世界的思想。 《道德经》是一本关于如何思考和行动的指南。它的核心思想是"道"，通常被翻译为"道路"或"方式"，书名《道德经》可理解为"自然整体的道"。要做到善，人应当尊重自然规律。其理念是：作为人类，我们应当过简单、和平、平衡的生活，尊重我们在自然中的位置。 因此，老子许多著名的格言都借助自然来传达信息，这并不奇怪："上善若水。水善利万物而不争，处众人之所恶，故几于道。"这句话反映了老子的思想："道"无处不在（如水一般）。我们不应试图控制一切，而应接受我们拥有的一切，从而顺应自然之道——也就是实现至善。 《道德经》对中国乃至其他地区的文化产生了持久的影响。它关于与自然和谐相处的思想启发了全世界的人们，这本书还影响了哲学、艺术和文学。尽管《道德经》写于两千多年前，但今天仍被广泛阅读，因为它的思想在我们现代生活中依然具有意义。 （三）语篇语言点解析 1. It is believed that... 人们认为……（It 为形式主语，that 从句为真正主语，常用于表达普遍看法）。 语篇例句：It is believed that he wrote Daodejing. 拓展例句：It is believed that the Great Wall was built over 2,000 years ago. 2. influence 影响（v./n.，后接被影响的对象）。 语篇例句：It has influenced ideas in China and the world for more than 2,000 years. 拓展例句：His teacher had a great influence on his life. 3. a guide on how to 关于如何……的指南（how to do 作介词 on 的宾语）。 语篇例句：Daodejing is a guide on how to think and act. 拓展例句：This book is a guide on how to learn English well. 4. be commonly translated as 通常被翻译为……（passive voice, translate...as...）。 语篇例句：Dao, commonly translated as "Way". 拓展例句：The word is commonly translated as "harmony" in English. 5. as a whole 作为一个整体；总体上（副词短语）。 语篇例句：The title Daodejing is understood as "Way of nature as a whole". 拓展例句：We should consider the problem as a whole, not just one part. 6. respect the laws of nature 尊重自然规律（respect 为及物动词）。 语篇例句：Men should respect the laws of nature. 拓展例句：We must respect the laws of nature when we develop the economy. 7. get the message across 传达信息（固定搭配，across 为副词）。 语篇例句：Many of Laozi's famous sayings use nature to get the message across. 拓展例句：The teacher used pictures to get the message across to the students. 8. strive 奋斗；争取（不及物动词，常与 for 连用）。 语篇例句：Water gives life to the ten thousand things and does not strive. 拓展例句：We should strive for a better future. 9. have a lasting impact on 对……产生持久影响（lasting 为形容词，修饰 impact）。 语篇例句：Daodejing has had a lasting impact on culture in China and beyond. 拓展例句：The invention has had a lasting impact on human society. 10. live in harmony with 与……和谐相处（harmony 为名词，with 后接对象）。 语篇例句：Its ideas about living in harmony with nature have inspired people. 拓展例句：We should learn to live in harmony with nature. 11. continue to do 继续做某事（continue 后接不定式）。 语篇例句：Its ideas continue to have meaning in our modern lives. 拓展例句：The scientist continued to work on his research despite difficulties. 12. thus 因此；如此（副词，表因果关系，比 so 更正式）。 语篇例句：We should accept what we have and thus allow ourselves to go with the way of nature. 拓展例句：He studied hard; thus, he passed the exam with high marks. 【文化语篇练习一】根据语篇内容完成句子（每空一词）（能力提升） 题型：完成句子｜考查：语篇理解与语言点运用｜难度：★★ 1. People ________ that Laozi wrote Daodejing. 2. The central idea in Daodejing is ________, commonly translated as "Way". 3. Laozi's sayings use nature to ________ the message ________. 4. Daodejing has had a ________ impact on culture in China and beyond. 5. We should live ________ harmony ________ nature. 【文化语篇练习二】翻译句子（综合运用） 题型：翻译句子｜考查：文化语篇语言点的综合运用｜难度：★★★ 要求：将下列句子翻译成英文，写在横线上。 1. 人们认为老子撰写了《道德经》。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. 这本书影响了中国的思想两千多年。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 我们应该尊重自然规律，过简单、平衡的生活。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. 这句格言借助自然来传达信息。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. 《道德经》对中国乃至世界的文化产生了持久的影响。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. 老子的思想在我们现代生活中依然具有意义。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 六、语法精讲：句子类型（Sentence Types） （一）概念 英语句子按表意功能分为四种基本类型：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。每种类型有不同的功能、结构和标点符号。 （二）基本结构 陈述句：主语 + 谓语 + 其他. 疑问句：Be/助/情 + 主语 + 其他? / 疑问词 + 一般疑问句? / 一般疑问句 + or + 选项? 祈使句：动词原形 + 其他. / Don't + 动词原形 + 其他. 感叹句：What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + (主语 + 谓语)! / How + 形容词/副词 + (主语 + 谓语)! （三）四种句子类型对比 类型 功能 课文例句 陈述句 (Statement) 陈述事实或观点，以句号结尾。 King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a fancy golden crown. 疑问句 (Question) 提出问题，以问号结尾。 分一般/特殊/选择疑问句。 Is it made completely of gold? / What should I do? / Is it gold or silver? 祈使句 (Imperative) 发出命令或请求，以动词原形开头。 Send the crown maker to prison! / Please give me some gold of the same weight. 感叹句 (Exclamation) 表达强烈情感，以感叹号结尾。 用 What 或 How 引导。 What a bad man he is! / How clever Archimedes was! （四）重点注意事项 1. What 与 How 的区别 What 修饰名词短语（What + a/an + 形容词 + 名词）；How 修饰形容词或副词（How + 形容词/副词）。 正：What a bad man he is!（bad man 是名词短语） 正：How clever he is!（clever 是形容词） 误：How a bad man he is! 2. 选择疑问句的回答 选择疑问句不能用 Yes 或 No 回答，必须选择其中一个选项。 问：Is the crown made of gold or silver? 答：It's made of gold. 3. 祈使句的否定形式 祈使句否定形式在动词原形前加 Don't。 正：Don't touch the wire! 误：Not touch the wire! 4. 祈使句省略主语 祈使句的主语 You 通常省略，但可以加上 please 表示礼貌。 例：Please give me some gold of the same weight. 5. 不可数名词前的感叹句 不可数名词前用 What，不加 a/an。 正：What precious knowledge it is! 误：What a precious knowledge it is! 6. 一般疑问句与特殊疑问句的区别 一般疑问句以 Be/助动词/情态动词开头，用 Yes 或 No 回答；特殊疑问句以疑问词开头，不能用 Yes 或 No 回答。 一般：Is it made of gold? — Yes, it is. 特殊：What is it made of? — It's made of gold. （五）教材原句仿写 类型 英文 中文 教材原句 It's a nice crown, isn't it? 这是一顶漂亮的王冠，不是吗？ 仿写 It's a beautiful day, isn't it? 今天天气真好，不是吗？ 教材原句 What should I do? 我该怎么办？ 仿写 Where should we go? 我们该去哪里？ 教材原句 What a bad man he is! 他真是个坏人！ 仿写 What a clever boy he is! 他真是个聪明的男孩！ 教材原句 How clever Archimedes was! 阿基米德多么聪明啊！ 仿写 How exciting the game was! 比赛多么激动人心啊！ 教材原句 Send the crown maker to prison! 把工匠关进监狱！ 仿写 Don't touch the wire! 不要碰那根电线！ 【语法练习一】单项选择（基础巩固） 题型：单项选择｜考查：四种句子类型的基本结构｜难度：★ 1. ______ clever Archimedes was! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 2. ______ a bad man the crown maker is! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 3. "Is it made completely of gold?" This is a ________. A. statement B. general question C. wh-question D. imperative 4. "What should I do?" This is a ________. A. statement B. general question C. wh-question D. imperative 5. ______ touch the wire! It's dangerous. A. Not B. Don't C. No D. Doesn't 6. ______ beautiful flowers they are! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 【语法练习二】句型转换（按要求改写句子）（能力提升） 题型：句型转换｜考查：四种句子类型的灵活转换｜难度：★★ 要求：按括号内的要求改写下列句子，写在横线上。 1. Archimedes was very clever. (改为感叹句，用 How) ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. The crown maker is a bad man. (改为感叹句，用 What) ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Is the crown made of gold or silver? (回答：金子) ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. You should not touch the wire. (改为祈使句否定形式) ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. He solved the king's problem. (改为一般疑问句) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【语法练习三】补全对话（用适当的句子补全对话）（综合运用） 题型：补全对话｜考查：四种句子类型在交际中的运用｜难度：★★★ A: Hi, Li Ming. You look excited today. B: Yes! 1._______________________________________________ A: Really? 2._____________________________________________ B: We put a metal ball into water and watched it displace some water. A: 3.___________________________________________________ B: No, it wasn't. It was very simple. A: 4.___________________________________________________ B: Sure! First, we filled a pot with water. Then we put the ball in. A: 5.___________________________________________________ B: Yes! Archimedes' principle is amazing. 七、重点句型 句型 含义 例句 1. be satisfied with 对……感到满意 At first, he was very satisfied with it. 2. seem + adj. + to do 似乎…… This problem seems difficult to solve. 3. fill...with... 用……填满 He filled his bath with water. 4. What a/an + adj. + n. + S + V! 多么……啊！（What型感叹句） What a bad man he is! 5. How + adj./adv. + S + V! 多么……啊！（How型感叹句） How clever Archimedes was! 6. Don't + 动词原形 不要……（祈使句否定） Don't touch the wire! 7. It is believed that... 人们认为…… It is believed that he wrote Daodejing. 8. have a lasting impact on 对……产生持久影响 Daodejing has had a lasting impact on culture. 【句型练习】句型转换（同义句）（综合运用） 题型：同义句转换（每空一词）｜考查：重点句型的灵活运用｜难度：★★★ 1. How clever Archimedes was! ________ ________ clever man Archimedes was! 2. The water overflowed from the bowl. The water ________ ________ from the bowl. 3. He went directly to the palace. He went ________ ________ the palace. 4. People believe that Laozi wrote Daodejing. ________ ________ ________ that Laozi wrote Daodejing. 5. The book has greatly influenced Chinese culture. The book has had a great ________ ________ Chinese culture. 6. "Don't touch the wire!" he said to us. He told us ________ ________ touch the wire. ______________________________________________________________________________ 八、易错点提醒 1. satisfied vs satisfying satisfied 指（人）感到满意的；satisfying 指（事物）令人满意的。 例：I am satisfied with the result. / The result is satisfying. 2. be made of vs be made from vs be made up of be made of 看得出原材料（The desk is made of wood.）；be made from 看不出原材料（Paper is made from wood.）；be made up of 由……组成, 是整体与部分的关系（The team is made up of 10 players.） 3. What vs How（感叹句） What 修饰名词（What a bad man he is! 主语he 前是a bad man, 一个名词词组，所以用what 引导）；How 修饰形容词/副词（How clever he is! 主语he 前是clever, 一个形容词，所以用how引导）。 误：How good weather it was last Saturday! 正：What good weather it was last Saturday! 4. hardly vs hard hardly 意为"几乎不"（否定含义）；hard 可作形容词（坚硬的）或副词（努力地）。 例：I could hardly believe my eyes. / He works hard./ The bun is too hard to eat. 5. prove vs proof prove 是动词（证明）；proof 是名词（证据）。 例：Can you prove it? / Do you have any proof? 6. fool (v.) vs fool (n.) vs foolish fool 作动词意为"欺骗"，作名词意为"傻瓜"；foolish 是形容词"愚蠢的"。 例：Don't fool me. / What a fool! / That was a foolish mistake. 7. thus vs so thus 和 so 都可表示"因此"，但 thus 更正式，多用于书面语。 例：He studied hard; thus, he passed. = He studied hard, so he passed. 【易错点练习一】易错辨析填空（从括号中选出正确的词）（综合运用） 题型：易混词辨析填空｜考查：本单元高频易错词｜难度：★★★ 1. I am ________ (satisfied / satisfying) with my test result. 2. The news is ________ (satisfied / satisfying). 3. The desk is ________ (made of / made from) plastic. 4. Paper is ________ (made of / made from) wood. 5. I could ________ (hard / hardly) believe my eyes! 6. He works ________ (hard / hardly) every day. 7. Can you ________ (prove / proof) that you are right? 8. Do you have any ________ (prove / proof) for your claim? 9. ________ (What / How) a clever boy he is! 10. ________ (What / How) clever the boy is! 【易错点练习二】单句改错（每句有一处错误，找出并改正，写在横线上）（综合运用） 题型：单句改错｜考查：易错点辨析与改正｜难度：★★★ 1. How beautiful flowers we saw in the garden! ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. The paper is made of wood. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. He works hardly every day. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Don't touching the wire! ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. What clever Archimedes was! ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. I have a prove that he is right. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 九、综合练习 （本单元综合检测，覆盖词汇、短语、语法与阅读能力，含逻辑分析） I. 单项选择（共10小题） 1. —______ clever Archimedes was! —Yes, he solved the problem in a very clever way. A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 2. The desk is made ______ wood, and paper is made ______ wood too. But they are different. A. of; from B. from; of C. of; of D. from; from 3. King Hiero was very ______ with the fancy golden crown at first. A. satisfy B. satisfied C. satisfying D. satisfaction 4. He began to doubt ______ the crown was completely made of gold. A. that B. what C. whether D. which 5. "Is the crown made of gold ______ silver?" asked the king. A. and B. or C. but D. nor 6. The crown maker ______ the king and was sent to prison. A. proved B. fooled C. praised D. satisfied 7. I can ______ believe my eyes! The model is so amazing! A. hard B. hardly C. firm D. firmly 8. ______ a beautiful crown it is! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 9. Archimedes went ______ to the palace to see the king. A. straight B. straightly C. direct D. straight to 10. ______ the wire! It's very dangerous. A. Not touch B. Don't touch C. No touch D. Doesn't touch II. 语法选择（阅读短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 选项中选出最佳选项） Archimedes was ___1___ ancient Greek scientist. He was born in the city of Syracuse. One day, King Hiero asked him to find out the ___2___ about a golden crown. The king was ___3___ that the crown might not be completely made of gold. Archimedes thought ___4___. He was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water one evening. When he got into the bath, some water ran over. ___5___ he saw this, he had a great idea. "Eureka!" he shouted ___6___. The next day, Archimedes did an experiment. He put two pots into two big bowls and filled ___7___ with water. He put the gold into one pot and the crown into the other. The result ___8___ that the crown was not completely made of gold. The king sent the crown maker to prison and praised Archimedes for his ___9___ discovery. This story tells us that great ideas often come from careful observation. We ___10___ give up when we face difficult problems. 1. A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. A. true B. truly C. truth D. truer 3. A. worry B. worried C. worrying D. worries 4. A. hard B. hardly C. firm D. fast 5. A. If B. Unless C. When D. Although 6. A. happy B. happily C. happiness D. happier 7. A. they B. them C. their D. theirs 8. A. prove B. proves C. proved D. proving 9. A. clever B. cleverer C. cleverly D. cleverest 10. A. shouldn't B. needn't C. mustn't D. can't III. 语法填空（阅读短文，用括号中所给词的适当形式或所缺的词填空） Laozi was a scholar and wise man who lived in the late Spring and Autumn period. It is ___1___ (believe) that he wrote Daodejing. The book has ___2___ (influence) ideas in China and the world for more than 2,000 years. Daodejing is a guide on how ___3___ (think) and act. The central idea is Dao, ___4___ (common) translated as "Way". To achieve what is good, we should respect the ___5___ (law) of nature. We should live a ___6___ (balance) life, respecting our place in nature. Laozi's famous saying "The highest good is like water" uses nature ___7___ (get) the message across. Water gives life to the ten thousand things and does not strive. We should accept what we have and ___8___ (thus) allow ourselves to go with the way of nature. Daodejing has had a ___9___ (last) impact on culture in China and beyond. Its ideas continue to have ___10___ (mean) in our modern lives. IV. 完形填空（阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 选项中选出最佳选项） Last week, our class read the story of Archimedes and the golden crown. Our teacher, Mr. Wang, said, "Let's ___1___ to think like Archimedes. He found the answer in a most ___2___ place — his bath!" We were ___3___ to try. Mr. Wang gave each group a pot, a bowl, and some metal objects. "Fill the pot ___4___ water," he said. "Then put the metal in and see what ___5___." My group put a small iron ball into the pot. Some water ran over into the bowl. "Now weigh the water in the bowl," said Mr. Wang. We did. Then we tried a ___6___ ball of the same weight. This time, ___7___ water ran over. "Why is that?" I asked. "Because different metals have different ___8___," Mr. Wang explained. "That's exactly how Archimedes proved the crown was not pure gold." Suddenly, I understood. Science isn't just about ___9___ formulas. It's about observing the world around you. Archimedes didn't have a lab — he had a bath, and that was ___10___. From that day on, I started looking at the world differently. Maybe my next great idea is hiding somewhere in my daily life, too. 1. A. learn B. refuse C. pretend D. forget 2. A. unusual B. ordinary C. expensive D. dangerous 3. A. bored B. afraid C. excited D. angry 4. A. of B. with C. from D. by 5. A. happens B. happened C. happening D. to happen 6. A. heavier B. lighter C. different D. similar 7. A. more B. much C. same D. little 8. A. sizes B. colours C. shapes D. densities 9. A. memorising B. forgetting C. ignoring D. avoiding 10. A. impossible B. enough C. useless D. nothing V. 阅读理解（共两篇，10小题） (A) Isaac Newton is one of the greatest scientists in history. He was born in England in 1643. When he was a child, he was very curious about the world around him. He liked to ask questions and try to find the answers by himself. One day, Newton was sitting under an apple tree in his garden. Suddenly, an apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head. Most people would just pick up the apple and eat it. But Newton asked, "Why did the apple fall down? Why didn't it go up?" This simple question led to a great discovery. Newton thought and thought. Finally, he realised that there must be a force that pulls things towards the Earth. He called this force "gravity". He also found that gravity is the same force that keeps the Moon going around the Earth. Newton didn't stop there. He spent years studying and proving his ideas. In 1687, he published his famous book, which changed the way people understood the universe. His work laid the foundation for modern physics. Newton once said, "If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants." This means that his success was built on the work of other great scientists before him. Newton's story teaches us that great ideas often start with a simple question. 1. What can we learn about Newton from the first paragraph? A. He was born in 1687. B. He was curious about the world as a child. C. He liked eating apples. D. He studied at a famous university. 2. The writer mentions the falling apple to show that ________. A. Newton liked apples very much B. Newton was sitting in the garden C. a simple event led to a great discovery D. apples can be dangerous 3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Newton discovered gravity by reading books. B. Newton's book was published in 1643. C. Gravity keeps the Moon going around the Earth. D. Newton worked alone without any help. 4. What can be inferred from Newton's words "standing on the shoulders of giants"? A. Newton was very tall. B. Newton built his work on earlier scientists' research. C. Newton looked down on other scientists. D. Newton had many giants as friends. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Apple Tree B. Newton and Gravity C. How to Ask Questions D. The Moon and the Earth (B) The phrase "thinking outside the box" means thinking freely and creatively, without any limits. It is a very important skill in modern life. Let's look at some ways to do it! First, brainstorming is a good way to find creative solutions. You should think of as many ideas as possible, even if they sound completely crazy. The key is not to judge whether an idea is good or bad at first. Even a bad idea can help you see a problem in a different way. Second, take a break but keep a notebook nearby. If you are stuck, doing something else for a while can help. For example, a walk can clear your mind and help you see things in a new way. Some people get their best ideas while washing dishes or taking a shower. It is no wonder that Archimedes had his "Eureka!" moment in his bath! Third, focus on one thing at a time. It is hard to be creative if you try to do everything at once. Instead of setting a broad goal like "write a good essay", start with a small, focused goal like "choose key points for my essay". Specific goals make it easier to think creatively. Great ideas do not come from nowhere. They come from careful observation, free thinking, and the courage to try new things. So next time you face a difficult problem, remember to think outside the box! 1. The writer mentions "washing dishes" to show that ________. A. good ideas can come at unexpected times B. washing dishes is a creative activity C. you should wash dishes more often D. household work is boring 2. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A. You should judge every idea immediately when brainstorming. B. Taking a break can help you think more creatively. C. Specific goals are better than broad ones. D. Archimedes had his great idea in his bath. 3. The underlined word "stuck" means ________. A. unable to move forward B. very happy C. tired D. excited 4. From the passage, we can infer that ________. A. only geniuses can think outside the box B. creative thinking can be learned and practised C. you must always work alone to be creative D. taking a break is a waste of time 5. What is the best title for the passage? A. How to Wash Dishes B. Archimedes and His Bath C. Thinking Outside the Box D. Setting Goals VI. 阅读填空（阅读短文，从文后 A~F 六个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一项为多余选项） Great ideas have changed the world throughout history. But where do these ideas come from? ___1___ Take Archimedes for example. He was asked to find out whether a golden crown was real. ___2___ He thought about it day and night. One day, when he got into his bath, the water ran over. At that moment, a great idea hit him. Newton had a similar experience. ___3___ An apple fell from the tree. Most people would just eat the apple, but Newton asked why it fell down. This question led to the discovery of gravity. So what can we learn from these stories? ___4___ We need to observe the world around us and ask questions. Great ideas are not magic — they come from careful thinking. ___5___ As Laozi said, we should respect the laws of nature and learn from it. Nature has inspired many great ideas throughout history. A. He was sitting under an apple tree one day. B. They often come from careful observation and thinking. C. The problem seemed difficult to solve. D. Great ideas can also come from nature. E. First, we should learn to observe carefully. F. He was playing football with his friends. 1.__________2.___________3.__________4.__________5.___________ VII. 首字母填空（根据短文内容和首字母提示，填入所缺单词） One day in the ancient Greek city of Syracuse, King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a 1. f________ golden crown. At first, he was very 2. s________ with it. But later he began to 3. d________ whether it was real gold. He sent it to Archimedes to find out the 4. t________. Archimedes filled his 5. b________ with water. When he got in, some water ran 6. o________. "Eureka!" he shouted. He went 7. s________ to the palace. He 8. p________ that the crown was not pure gold by showing that it displaced more water. The king sent the crown maker to 9. p________. We can learn that great ideas often come from careful 10. o________. VIII. 课文默写（根据所给首句，默写出课文第六段余下内容） Archimedes went straight to the palace to see the king. （请默写此段余下内容，写在横线上：） ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 【词汇练习一】根据中文提示写出英文单词 1. fancy 2. satisfied 3. prince 4. displace 5. fool 6. prison 7. wire 8. prove 9. hardly 10. balanced 11. reject 12. thus 13. firm 14. ignorance 15. application 16. philosopher 17. physicist 18. biologist 19. chemist 20. dramatist 【词汇练习二】词性转换 1. satisfied 2. physicist 3. foolish（fooled） 4. proof 5. hardly 6. balanced 7. application 8. rejected 9. philosopher 10. chemist 【词汇练习三】单词释义搭配 1. G 2. H 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. E 7. I 8. F 9. B 10. J 【词汇练习四】语篇选词填空 1. satisfied 2. prove 3. hardly 4. displace 5. fancy 6. fool 7. balanced 8. reject 9. application 10. Thus 【短语练习一】选短语填空 1. was satisfied with 2. went straight to 3. filled; with 4. ran over 5. found out 6. is made of 7. is made from 8. is made up of 9. as a whole 10. In the end 【短语练习二】翻译句子 1. At first, the king was very satisfied with the crown. 2. Archimedes went straight to the palace to see the king. 3. He filled his bath with water. 4. When he got into the bath, some water ran over. 5. Paper is made from wood. 6. In the end, he found out that the crown was not made of pure gold. 【课文练习一】完成句子 1. satisfied; with 2. doubt 3. with 4. it 5. displaces 6. fooled 7. for 【课文练习二】根据课文内容回答问题 1. He lived in the ancient Greek city of Syracuse. 2. He asked Archimedes to find out the truth. 3. Some water ran over. 4. He put the crown and gold of the same weight into two pots filled with water. The crown displaced more water than the gold, proving it was not completely made of gold. 5. He sent the crown maker to prison and praised Archimedes for his clever discovery. 【文化语篇练习一】根据语篇内容完成句子 1. believe 2. Dao 3. get; across 4. lasting 5. in; with 【文化语篇练习二】翻译句子 1. It is believed that Laozi wrote Daodejing. 2. The book has influenced ideas in China for more than 2,000 years. 3. We should respect the laws of nature and live a simple, balanced life. 4. This saying uses nature to get the message across. 5. Daodejing has had a lasting impact on culture in China and beyond. 6. Laozi's ideas continue to have meaning in our modern lives. 【语法练习一】单项选择 1-6: CABCBA 【语法练习二】句型转换 1. How clever Archimedes was! 2. What a bad man the crown maker is! 3. It's made of gold. 4. Don't touch the wire! 5. Did he solve the king's problem? 【语法练习三】补全对话 1. What an exciting experiment we did! 2. What did you do in the experiment? 3. Was it difficult to do? 4. Tell me more about it! 5. How interesting! 【句型练习】句型转换（同义句） 1. What a 2. ran over 3. straight to 4. It is believed 5. impact on 6. not to 【易错点练习一】易错辨析填空 1. satisfied 2. satisfying 3. made of 4. made from 5. hardly 6. hard 7. prove 8. proof 9. What 10. How 【易错点练习二】单句改错 1. How → What；What beautiful flowers we saw in the garden! 2. of → from；Paper is made from wood. 3. hardly → hard；He works hard every day. 4. touching → touch；Don't touch the wire! 5. What → How；How clever Archimedes was! 6. prove → proof；I have a proof that he is right. 综合练习参考答案 I. 单项选择 1-5: CABCB 6-10: BBAAB II. 语法选择 1-5: BCBAC 6-10: BBCAA III. 语法填空 1. believed 2. influenced 3. to think 4. commonly 5. laws 6. balanced 7. to get 8. thus 9. lasting 10. meaning IV. 完形填空 1-5: ABCBA 6-10: CADAB V. 阅读理解 (A) 1-5: BCCBB (B) 1-5: AAABC VI. 阅读填空 1-5: BCADE （F 为多余选项） VII. 首字母填空 1. fancy 2. satisfied 3. doubt 4. truth 5. bath 6. over 7. straight 8. proved 9. prison 10. observation VIII. 课文默写 First, he weighed the crown and asked the king for some gold of the same weight. Next, he put two pots into two big bowls and filled both pots with water. He put the gold into one pot, and some water ran into the bowl. Then he put the crown into the other pot. This time, even more water ran into the bowl. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $