Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage(Word学生用书)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册(译林版)
2026-08-27
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教辅
摘要:
该高中英语导学案聚焦动词不定式作主语和表语,通过短文语境引导学生感知加黑部分并分析成分,搭建从自主探究到系统讲解的学习支架,涵盖时态语态、作主语(直接、it形式主语、疑问词+不定式)及作表语用法,衔接前后语法知识。
资料以语境化导入提升语言理解能力,分层即时演练(基础填空到综合应用)培养思维品质,结合写作词汇与重点句型实现知识迁移,助力学生掌握语法功能并应用于表达,高效提升学习能力与语言运用素养。
内容正文:
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
动词不定式作主语和表语
阅读下面短文,感知加黑部分,并分析其所作成分。
①It is my great honour to deliver a speech about my dream.②My dream is to become a teacher.③When I was a little kid, my mother told me it is not easy to be a good teacher.④When I heard my mother’s words, my puzzle was what to do to become a teacher.⑤Mother told me it would take a lot of energy and time to make my dream come true.⑥Since then I have kept in mind that if I want to pursue my dream, to study hard is the first thing that I should do.
1.句①③⑤中to deliver a speech, to be a good teacher, to make my dream come true均为动词不定式短语作 ,it作 。句⑥中to study hard为动词不定式短语作 。
2.句②中to become a teacher为动词不定式短语作 ,此句的主语为 。句④中what to do为“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作 。
动词不定式是英语动词的非谓语形式之一,形式上由“to+动词原形”构成。动词不定式仍保留着动词的部分特性,可以跟宾语和状语构成动词不定式短语,有时态和语态的变化。句法功能上,动词不定式(短语)与名词、形容词或副词作用类似,在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等成分。
一、动词不定式的时态和语态
语态
时态
主动
被动
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
完成式
to have done
to have been done
1.一般式:表示动词不定式的动作与谓语动词同时(或几乎同时)发生或在谓语所表示的动作之后发生。
I want to see a movie tonight.(to see这个动作发生在 want之后,表示将来的动作)
我今晚想看电影。
The building to be built next year will be a library.(building是build的承受者)
明年要建的那栋建筑将会是一个图书馆。
2.进行式:表示动词不定式的动作正在进行且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be reading a book.(seems这个动作发生时,to be reading 这个动作正在进行)
他好像正在读一本书。
3.完成式:表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
He is said to have finished his work.(is said是现在时,to have finished表示完成,说明 “完成工作” 这个动作在 “被说” 之前就已经发生了)
据说他已经完成了他的工作。
【即时演练 1】 完成句子
①My chief purpose is .
我的主要目的是指出这件事的困难。
②I happened when she called.
她打电话来时,我恰巧正在看电视。
③His eyes were shut and he seemed .
他双眼紧闭,看上去已经睡着了。
④The book is said .
据说这本书已被翻译成英文。
二、动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语通常表示个别的、具体的、一次性的或者具有将来含义的动作,并且句子的谓语动词采用第三人称单数形式。常见的动词不定式作主语的情况主要有三种:
1.动词不定式(短语)直接作主语。
To be admitted by a key university is difficult for him.
对他来说,被一所重点大学录取是困难的。
To protect the environment is everyone’s responsibility.
保护环境是每个人的责任。
名师点津
动词-ing形式作主语时,表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作。
Running every morning is beneficial to our health.
每天早上跑步对我们的健康有益。
2.it作形式主语,代替动词不定式(短语),真正的主语动词不定式(短语)移至谓语之后,以使句子结构平衡。其常见句型有下面四种:
(1)It+be+名词+to do sth
It’s our duty to take good care of the old.
照顾老人是我们的责任。
(2)It+be+形容词+for/of sb+to do sth
①It+be+形容词+for sb to do sth意为“做某事对某人而言是……的”。该句式中的形容词多是说明性的,不用来指人或物的品质、特性,如difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, impossible等。
It would be better for you to cycle around the lake.
你最好绕着湖骑自行车。
It is necessary for everyone to make plans for the future.
每个人都有必要为未来做计划。
②It+be+形容词+of sb to do sth意为“某人做某事是……的”。该句式中的形容词用以叙述人的个性、品质,如kind, good, nice, clever, careless, polite, foolish等。
It was careless of him to drink the vinegar in that bottle by mistake.
他真粗心,误把那瓶醋喝了。
It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.
你把老师说的所有东西都记下来的行为是很愚蠢的。
(3)It takes sb some time to do sth意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。
It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening.
昨天晚上我用了一个多小时的时间做家庭作业。
How long did it take you to finish the work?
你花了多长时间完成这项工作的?
(4)It seems (appears)+形容词+to do sth
It appears impossible to finish the project within such a short time.
在这么短的时间内完成这个项目似乎是不可能的。
It seems helpful to ask for advice from experienced people.
向有经验的人征求意见似乎很有帮助。
3.“疑问词+动词不定式”作主语。
常见的疑问词有what, who, which, when, where, how等。用“疑问词+动词不定式”作主语时,句子的谓语应用第三人称单数形式。
Where to hold the meeting hasn’t been decided.
在哪里举行会议还没有定下来。
How to relieve the pain is a question.
如何缓解疼痛是一个问题。
【即时演练 2】 完成句子
①It must be great fun .
乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。
②It is a great honour .
被邀请到你家做客真的是太荣幸了。
③It seems relaxing and enjoying the sun.
躺在沙滩上晒太阳似乎很放松。
④It was silly .
我们真愚蠢,竟然相信了他。
三、动词不定式作表语
1.动词不定式(短语)作表语,通常说明主语的内容。从时间概念上说表示将来的动作。主语一般是wish, idea, work, task, job, duty, aim等词。
My dream is to be a doctor.
=To be a doctor is my dream.
我的梦想是成为一名医生。
2.当主语部分含有实义动词 do 的某种形式时,作表语的动词不定式可以省略 to。
All I did was (to) turn off the gas.
我所做的就是把煤气关掉。
All we could do was (to) go back home.
我们所能做的就是回家。
3.“疑问词+动词不定式”作表语。
常见的疑问词有what, who, which, when, where, why, how等。“疑问词+动词不定式”通常与be动词构成系表结构,作be动词的表语。
The question is how to finish the work.
问题是如何完成这项工作。
The mystery is which way to take to reach the destination.
神秘之处在于走哪条路能到达目的地。
【即时演练 3】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The winner was (announce) at a televised event.
②What he does is .
他所做的事就是让人发笑。
③The best thing you can do is .
你能做的最好的事情就是跟随自己的内心。
④The difficulty is .
困难在于何时开始新计划。
⑤All we did was .
我们所做的一切就是等你。
⑥The greatest problem we are facing now is .
我们现在面临的最大问题是如何按时完成工作。
四、动词不定式的其他用法
1.作宾语:动词不定式作宾语通常直接放在谓语动词afford, refuse, decide, agree等之后;还常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。
They afford to buy a new house.
他们买得起一套新房子。
I found it necessary to talk to him again.
我觉得有必要再和他谈谈。
2.作宾语补足语:常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有allow, advise, ask, encourage, expect, invite, order, remind, teach, tell等。
Father encourages me to study hard.
父亲鼓励我努力学习。
My mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day.
妈妈让我每天弹两个小时钢琴。
3.作定语:动词不定式一般置于被修饰词后作后置定语,不及物动词需要加上介词。
There is nothing to worry about.
没什么可担心的。
He is always the last one to leave the office.
他总是最后一个离开办公室。
4.作状语:动词不定式作状语主要表示目的、结果、原因等。
He got up early to catch the first bus.
他早早起床是为了赶上第一班公共汽车。
He hurried to the school only to find nobody there.
他匆匆赶到学校,却发现那里没有人。
【即时演练 4】 单句语法填空
①(2025•全国一卷)We hope (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.
②(2025•全国二卷)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
③(2025•1月浙江卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.
④(2025•八省联考)The goal was two-fold: (celebrate) cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six tongues.
⑤(2024•新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
写作词汇集释
1.throw oneself into 投身于,热衷于
教材原句 In the last few weeks, I’ve thrown myself into home cooking, from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan.
在过去的几周里,我全身心投入家庭烹饪中,从在锅里煮面条到在煎锅里煎牛排。
【用法】
throw away扔掉;浪费掉;放过
throw in the towel 认输,投降
throw light on/upon ... 使……更易理解;阐明
throw one’s arms around sb 搂住某人
throw off (从……)扔开,去掉(伪装),摆脱掉,散发出
throw up 呕出(食物)
【佳句】 Having received the support from her family, Judy throws herself into writing.
在得到家人的支持后,朱迪全身心投入写作中。
【练透】 用throw的相关短语填空
①After struggling for years, he finally decided to and close his business.
②Inspired by the moving story, she her study with great enthusiasm.
③The experts hope to find some evidence to the spread of the disease.
④The old woman feels like she is going to what she has eaten all the time.
【写美】 完成句子
⑤With a smile on his face, Jim charged towards his mother, .
吉姆面带微笑,向母亲冲去,紧紧地搂住她。
2.impress vt.& vi.使钦佩,给……留下深刻印象;使意识到
教材原句 As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre.
只要你不怕高,市中心最新的天空自助餐厅会给你留下深刻印象。
【用法】
(1)impress sth on/upon sb=impress sb with sth 使某人对某事印象深刻
be impressed by/with ... 对……印象深刻
What impressed sb is/was that ... 使某人印象深刻的是……
(2)leave/make a(n) ...impression on/upon sb 给某人留下一个……的印象
(3)impressive adj.给人深刻印象的;令人钦佩的
【佳句】 My parents impressed on me the importance of receiving a good education.
我父母使我认识到接受良好教育的重要性。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①(2025•全国二卷)The Hereford Cathedral is the most (impress) building in town.
②I was (impress) by/with the happy days when I decorated our house with red lanterns, put up couplets and made dumplings with my parents happily.
【写美】 翻译句子
③最让我们印象深刻的是参观一个植物园,在那里我们欣赏了各种各样色彩鲜艳的花。(impress; 主语从句;非限制性定语从句)
3.out of this world 好(或美等)得不得了,非凡,呱呱叫
教材原句 The mooncake is always my favourite because of its satisfying taste that is out of this world and the happy memories it brings to mind.
月饼一直是我的最爱,因为它令人满意的口味是超凡脱俗的,它给我带来了美好的回忆。
【用法】
out of breath上气不接下气
out of balance 失去平衡
out of date 过时
out of patience 不耐烦
out of control/hand 失去控制
out of place 不得体
out of shape (身材)变形,走样
out of work 失业
【佳句】 The view from the top is out of this world.
从顶部看去,景色真是美极了。
【练透】 用out of的相关短语填空
①He ran all the way to the station and arrived .
②His casual remarks felt at the formal ceremony.
③This textbook is ; we need a newer edition.
【写美】 完成句子
④The little boy stood on one leg for too long and and fell down.
小男孩单腿站立太久,突然感觉失去平衡摔倒了。
重点句型解构
1.句型公式:no wonder (that) ...难怪……
教材原句 No wonder people say nothing beats home cooking!
难怪人们说,什么都比不上家常菜!
【用法】
(1)It’s no wonder that ...=No wonder that ...难怪……
work/do wonders 创造奇迹
It’s a wonder that ... 令人惊讶的是……
in wonder 目瞪口呆地;惊异地
(2)wonder at 对……惊讶
wonder to do ... 想做……
【品悟】 The restaurant is always crowded. No wonder (that) its food is so delicious.
这家餐馆总是很拥挤。难怪它的食物这么美味。
【写美】 完成句子
①Regular exercise in improving your physical and mental health.
经常锻炼在改善身心健康方面效果惊人。
② he survived the car accident, considering how serious it was.
考虑到那场车祸如此严重,他能从车祸中幸存下来真是个奇迹。
③ Tom was late for class; his bike broke down on the way.
难怪汤姆上课迟到了,他的自行车在路上坏了。
2.句型公式:in order that引导目的状语从句
教材原句 We will put the potatoes in the pot first in order that they will be cooked quickly.
我们先把土豆放进锅里,这样土豆很快就会熟。
【用法】
(1)表示目的的状语从句可以由in order that (为了;以便), that (以便), so that (以便), lest (免得;唯恐), in case (以防), for fear that (生怕;以免)等引导。
(2)引导目的状语从句的so that 可以用in order that 替换,意义无甚差别;若主句和从句的主语一致,还可以用so as to或in order to将其转换为简单句。
【品悟】 They stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around the West Lake.
他们在杭州停了下来,以便浏览西湖。
The boy hid himself behind the tree for fear that his father should see him.
那个男孩藏在树后面,以防他父亲看见他。
【写美】 完成句子/句型转换
①She studies hard .
她努力学习,为了能通过高考。
②The teacher spoke slowly all students could follow her.
老师说得很慢,以便所有学生都能跟上。
③They saved money so as to/in order to buy a new house.
→They saved money .
④We will do everything for them to live happily.
→We will do everything live happily.
完成课后作业 UNIT 1 Section Ⅱ
答案
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
【重难语法•要攻克】
探究发现 1.真正的主语 形式主语 主语
2.表语 My dream 表语
即时演练1 ①to point out the difficulties of the matter
②to be watching TV ③to have fallen asleep
④to have been translated into English
即时演练2 ①to fly to the moon in a spaceship
②to be invited to your family ③to be lying on the beach
④of us to believe him
即时演练3 ①to be announced ②(to) make people laugh
③(to) follow your heart ④when to start the new plan ⑤(to) wait for you ⑥how to finish the work on time
即时演练4 ①to present ②to discover ③to rent
④to celebrate ⑤to give
【核心知识•巧突破】
写作词汇集释
1.①throw in the towel ②threw herself into
③throw light on/upon ④throw up
⑤throwing his arms around her tightly
2.①impressive ②impressed ③What impressed us most was a visit to a botanic garden,where we admired a variety of colorful flowers.
3.①out of breath ②out of place ③out of date
④suddenly felt out of balance
重点句型解构
1.①does wonders ②It is a wonder that ③No wonder that
2.①in order that she can pass the college entrance exam
②in order that ③so that they could buy a new house
④in order that/so that they can
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