Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Using language(Word练习)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

**基本信息** 聚焦过去完成时专项训练，通过“基础-能力”双层级、“单句-语篇”多维度设计，系统强化语法应用与语篇理解，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础题型练|8题时态填空|单句动词时态辨析|从时间标志词识别到动作先后关系判断，构建“过去完成时=过去的过去”核心概念| |语法与写作|8题完成句子|汉译英时态应用|结合语境翻译，强化“by+过去时间”“before+过去时”等结构的实际表达| |语法与语篇|10题语篇填空|记叙文时态连贯|通过巴黎旅行叙事，训练语篇中时态呼应与动作逻辑链梳理| |阅读理解|2篇8题|科普说明文理解|以海洋生态、物种复生为主题，考查细节定位与推理判断，渗透文化意识| |完形填空|1篇15题|生态记叙文填空|围绕贵州喀斯特生态修复，考查语境词汇与语法呼应，体现思维品质培养|

Section Ⅱ　Using language 维度一：基础题型练 用所给动词的正确时态填空 1.The old building 　　　　　　　　 （stand） for over 100 years before it was pulled down． 2.He 　　　　　　　　 （spend） all his money before he asked his parents for help． 3.They 　　　　　　　　 （wait） for the flight for two hours when the announcement came． 4.By the end of last month， I 　　　　　　　　 （keep） the old photo for more than 20 years． 5.By the time we got to the airport， the plane 　　　　　　　　 （take） off． 6.That was really the first time I 　　　　　　　 （try） to explain science to the audience． 7.She thought she 　　　　　　　　 （be） more careful with her money before she found herself in debt． 8.No sooner 　　　　　　 the race 　　　　　　 （begin） than one of the runners fell down， but he quickly got up and continued． 维度二：语法与写作 完成句子 1.It was the fifth time that I 　　　　　　　　　． 这是我第五次到这个城市。 2.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 before， so I was not too nervous． 我之前已经参加过三次类似的比赛，所以我不太紧张。 3.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 for two months before it was held last week． 上周举行比赛前，我已经为它准备了两个月。 4.No sooner 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and climbed into bed than the doorbell rang． 我刚关了灯爬上床，门铃就响了。 5.When I arrived at the railway station， I found that the train 　　　　　　　　， so I had to take a bus instead． 当我到达火车站时，我发现火车已经离开了，所以我不得不改乘公交车。 6.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 last night， but I was too tired and fell asleep． 我原本希望昨晚读完这本小说，但我太累了，睡着了。 7.When I got to the cinema， I realized that I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　． 当我到达电影院时，我意识到我把电影票落在车里了。 8.By the end of last month， I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 with my teacher’s help． 到上个月底，我已经把演讲稿完全记住，并且在老师的帮助下练习了很多遍。 维度三：语法与语篇 用所给动词的正确时态完成下面短文 　　I 1.　　　　　　 never 　　　　　　 （see） such beautiful sights before I visited Paris in 2012.I 2.　　　　　　　　 （save） money for 5 years before I 3.　　　　　　 （book） my trip to Paris．I was very excited! Before my trip to Paris， I 4.　　　　　　 never 　　　　　　 （be） out of the United States． 　　When I went to Paris， I 5.　　　　　　 （spend） many days touring the city．The city was big．Sometimes I 6.　　　　　　 （get） lost and asked for directions．I asked for directions in French．That was easy because I 7.　　　　　　　 （study） French for 2 years before I visited Paris． 　 By the time I left Paris， I 8.　　　　　　　　 （tour） many beautiful places．The Eiffel Tower， Notre Dame Cathedral， and Luxembourg Gardens 9.　　　　　　 （be） just a few of the places I saw．Before I 10.　　　　　　 （visit） Paris， I had only seen those places on television． Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 　　Researchers in Washington and British Columbia say they have solved a deadly unknown that scientists have explored for more than ten years．They have found the true reason behind one of the world’s largest oceanic disease outbreaks： a wasting disease that has turned billions of sea stars into something thick along North America’s West Coast．Among more than 20 species affected， the sunflower star was hardest hit， with over 90% of its global population lost． 　　Sunflower stars eat sea urchins （a kind of small sea creature）．When sunflower stars disappeared， the ocean’s balance broke．With fewer sunflower stars to eat them， sea urchins grew in number very fast．They ate huge areas of kelp （巨藻） forests， and this destroyed one of the ocean’s most lively homes for sea life．For years， scientists thought a virus （病毒） was the cause．But the new study shows the real problem is a type of bacterium （细菌） named Vibrio pectenicida．This bacterium is related to the kinds that hurt corals， shellfish， and even humans． 　　The result came from four summers of experiments at the US Geological Survey’s Marrowstone Marine Field Station．Researchers took strict measures to preclude outside pollution： each sea star lived in a separate box with treated clear seawater． 　　The research team looked at the liquid inside sea stars， not their outer parts （where many tiny living things live）．They found much more Vibrio pectenicida in sick sea stars than in healthy ones．In tests， they took the bacterium， grew it in a lab， and put it into healthy sunflower stars．This made the healthy stars get the sickness too — something earlier studies couldn’t prove．After studying data in January 2024， they finally made sure that there was a strong link between Vibrio pectenicida and the disease． 　　This discovery is a big step forward for understanding one of the worst oceanic“sickness outbreaks” ever written down．But problems still exist．Sunflower stars are now so few in number that taking more samples （样本） might harm the species．Also， plans to cut the US Geological Survey’s money put future research at risk．This makes people who protect the environment worried about the future of checking ocean health． 1.What is the main finding of the study？（　　） A．A virus caused sea stars’ death．　 　 B．Sunflower stars suffered a great loss． C．Sea urchins destroyed kelp forests．　 D．A bacterium led to the oceanic disease． 2.What does the underlined word “preclude” in paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　） A．Record．　 　 B．Copy． C．Prevent．　 　 D．Show． 3.How did the researchers confirm their discovery？（　　） A．By studying outer parts of sea stars． B．By reproducing the disease in healthy stars． C．By turning to other professionals to check the link． D．By comparing liquids in various sunflower star species． 4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the future research？（　　） A．Its possible achievements．　 　 B．Its sampling methods． C．Its major challenges．　 　 D．Its scientific principles． B 　　The idea of de－extinction， the big goal of bringing extinct species back to life， has fired global imagination．Pushed by advances in genetics， this field is no longer limited to science fiction．Companies like Colossal Biosciences have announced projects targeting famous animals such as the woolly mammoth （猛犸象） and the dodo．However， the scientific reality is more complex than the popular story． 　　True de－extinction， defined as creating a perfect genetic copy of a lost species， is currently out of reach for most extinct animals．The primary problem is the degradation of DNA over time， which prevents researchers from recovering a complete genome （基因组）．For species that disappeared long ago， the genetic blueprint is simply too broken． 　Consequently， scientists are largely focusing on an alternative approach： creating ecological proxies （代替物）．This involves using gene－editing tools like CRISPR to change the genome of a closely related living species．The aim is not to revive an identical copy， but to engineer a new animal that can perform the ecological role of its extinct relative．For instance， the non－profit Revive & Restore is working on changing the band－tailed pigeon to be like the passenger pigeon， which once played a key part in shaping North American forests． 　　This big goal is not without argument．Critics argue that the resulting creatures are not truly brought－back species but rather genetically changed organisms．They question whether these “copies” would behave like the originals or be accepted by modern ecosystems．Furthermore， some scientists suggest that existing species could sometimes do similar ecological jobs， making de－extinction an unnecessary difficulty． 　　Despite the debates， research in this area continues．Supporters point out potential benefits beyond the impressive scene of seeing a woolly mammoth．The genetic tools developed could be critical for protecting endangered species， such as boosting genetic diversity．The knowledge gained might also help restore damaged ecosystems by reintroducing lost functions．Yet， a fundamental truth remains： the original passenger pigeon is gone forever．De－extinction， in its current form， offers not a revival， but a replacement， proving our growing power and responsibility over the natural world． 5.Why does the author say de－extinction is “no longer limited to science fiction”？（　　） A．To predict the exact timeline of its realization． B．To acknowledge the media’s role in promoting it． C．To highlight its transition to practical scientific pursuit． D．To showcase the commercial appeal of related businesses． 6.What is the big challenge in true de－extinction？（　　） A．Developing advanced technology． B．Securing sufficient financial support． C．Reconstructing complete genetic sequences． D．Overcoming opposition from environmental groups． 7.Why is the passenger pigeon talked about in paragraph 3？（　　） A．To explain the reasons for its extinction． B．To suggest the relative ease of reviving bird species． C．To describe the lifestyle of its closest living relative． D．To provide a specific case of ecological proxy creation． 8.What is a main future use of the new genetic tools？（　　） A．Saving endangered species from extinction． B．Expanding the population of urban pigeons． C．Commercializing the value of genetic research． D．Replacing traditional habitat restoration approaches． Ⅱ．完形填空 　　Last year， I joined a summer camp focusing on Guizhou’s karst ecology．Our teacher， Mr Li， a local ecologist， 　9　 us to a former rocky desert — once a “lifeless place” but now green again． 　　As we walked， Mr Li pointed to the 　10　 hills．“Years ago， rain washed soil away， leaving only rocks，” he said．“Many villagers had to move out to 　11　．” We fell silent， imagining the barren land．Suddenly， a group of goats appeared， eating grass on the hillside．A classmate 　12　， “Won’t they destroy the plants？” Mr Li smiled and explained： “These are special goats．Local farmers raise them 　13　 — not too many， so grass can regrow．It’s a way to balance ecology and 　14　．”We then visited a 　15　 by the stream．Workers there were growing walnut trees and peppers．“These plants have strong roots to hold soil，” Mr Li told us．“They’re called the ‘green bank’ for villagers， 　16　 both food and income．” 　　Later， we saw workers setting up fences．They were 　17　 the area to protect rare birds that had returned．A boy found a bird’s nest in a tree， and we all watched it 　18　 not to disturb the eggs inside． 　　On the last day， we planted saplings on a dry slope．My hands hurt after digging in the rocky soil， but I felt 　19　．Mr Li said， “Small actions 　20　 over time．This is how we turn deserts back to forests．” 　　Leaving the camp， I looked back at the green hills．I used to think nature’s recovery was 　21　， but now I know it’s possible with science and effort．Guizhou’s 　22　 from rocky desert to lush land tells us： humans and nature can 　23　 in harmony． 9.（　）A．followed B．led C．forced D．pushed 10.（　）A．green　 　B．bare　 　C．high　 　D．steep 11.（　）A．survive　 　B．play　 　C．research　 　D．travel 12.（　）A．apologized　 　B．reminded　 　C．asked　 　D．argued 13.（　）A．freely　 　B．secretly　 　C．carefully　 　D．randomly 14.（　）A．education　 　B．economy　 　C．technology　 　D．medicine 15.（　）A．farm　 　B．school　 　C．hospital　 　D．museum 16.（　）A．wasting　 　B．storing　 　C．providing　 　D．exchanging 17.（　）A．repairing　 　B．protecting　 　C．describing　 　D．measuring 18.（　）A．quietly　 　B．excitedly　 　C．carelessly　 　D．anxiously 19.（　）A．proud　 　B．bored　 　C．nervous　 　D．painful 20.（　）A．pass　 　B．change　 　C．add　 　D．disappear 21.（　）A．necessary　 　B．impossible　 　C．easy　 　D．urgent 22.（　）A．journey　 　B．dream　 　C．challenge　 　D．promise 23.（　）A．grow　 　B．work　 　C．meet　 　D．Live 答案 Section Ⅱ　Using language 层级一　基础练 维度一 1.had stood　2.had spent　3.had waited　4.had kept 5.had taken　6.had tried　7.had been　8.had； begun 维度二 1.had been to this city 2.had taken part in three similar contests 3.had prepared for the contest 4.had I turned off the light 5.had left 6.had hoped to finish reading this novel 7.had left my ticket in the car 8.had memorized the speech thoroughly and had practiced it many times 维度三 1.had； seen　2.had saved　3.booked　4.had； been 5.spent　6.got　7.had studied　8.had toured　9.were 10.visited 层级二　能力练 Ⅰ． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了华盛顿和不列颠哥伦比亚省的研究人员发现北美西海岸海星大量死亡的元凶是一种细菌，并介绍了相关研究过程与未来挑战。 1.D　主旨大意题。 根据第二段中的For years， scientists thought ．．．bacterium （细菌） named Vibrio pectenicida．可知，该研究的核心是发现了一种特定细菌导致了这场海星灾难。 2.C　词义猜测题。 根据第三段中的each sea star lived in a separate box with treated clear seawater可知，研究人员将海星单独放在处理过的清澈海水的箱子里，目的是排除或阻止外部污染对实验的干扰。故preclude与prevent意思相近。 3.B　细节理解题。 根据第四段中的In tests， they took the bacterium ．．．earlier studies couldn’t prove．可知，研究人员通过在健康海星身上成功诱发该病，证实了细菌与该疾病之间的关联。 4.C　主旨大意题。 根据最后一段内容可知，本段列举了样本短缺和资金削减这两个影响未来研究的问题。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了物种复生技术的现状与争议，指出由于DNA降解，完美复制已不可能，故主要采用基因编辑创造生态替代物，但此举存在伦理与生态风险，其潜在价值在于保护濒危物种及修复生态系统。 5.C　细节理解题。 根据第一段内容可知，作者通过提及遗传学的进步和相关公司的实际项目，强调物种复生已从科幻构想转变为现实中的科学探索和追求。 6.C　细节理解题。 根据第二段中的The primary problem is the degradation ．．．a complete genome．可知，物种复生面临的主要障碍是无法重建完整的基因序列。 7.D　推理判断题。 根据第三段中的Consequently， scientists are largely focusing on an alternative approach： creating ecological proxies （代替物）．以及下文提到的旅鸽案例可知，提及旅鸽是为了具体说明科学家如何通过改造现存物种来创造“生态替代物”。 8.A　细节理解题。 根据最后一段中的The genetic tools developed could be critical for protecting endangered species， such as boosting genetic diversity．可知，这些新基因工具在未来的一个主要用途是保护濒危物种，提高其遗传多样性。 Ⅱ． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参加了一个以贵州喀斯特生态为重点的夏令营，在生态学家李老师的带领下，作者见证了贵州从岩质沙漠到绿地的转变，认识到人类与自然可以和谐共生的故事。 9.B　根据上文可知，作者参加的是夏令营，老师是组织者，所以会带领作者他们去一个岩质沙漠。 10.A　根据上文a former rocky desert — once a “lifeless place” but now green again可知，这里曾经是岩质沙漠，但现在山上长满青草，已经变绿了，所以指绿色的山。 11.A　根据上文Years ago， rain washed soil away， leaving only rocks和常识可知，雨水冲走了土壤，种不出庄稼，村民为了生存不得不搬出去。 12.C　根据Won’t they destroy the plants？可知，一个同学在问问题。 13.C　根据not too many， so grass can regrow可知，要控制山羊数量以保证草可以重新生长，所以农民需要小心地饲养，不能太随意。 14.B　根据常识可知，农民需要饲养山羊发展经济，但也需平衡生态。 15.A　根据下文Workers there were growing walnut trees and peppers．可知，作者他们参观了一个种植核桃树和辣椒的农场。 16.C　根据常识可知，核桃树和辣椒是经济作物，能提供食物和收入。 17.B　根据to protect rare birds that had returned可知，设置围栏是为了保护这片区域。 18.A　根据not to disturb the eggs inside可知，为了不打扰到它，大家静静地看着鸟巢。 19.A　根据but可知，上下文构成转折关系。虽然手很疼，但作者感到很自豪。 20.C　根据下文This is how we turn deserts back to forests．可知，作者参加了植树活动，植树这样的小小行动会随着时间积累，带来大的变化。 21.B　根据but now I know it’s possible with science and effort可知，作者曾经认为大自然的恢复是不可能的，前后构成转折关系。 22.A　根据from rocky desert to lush land可知，这是地貌转变的过程。 23.D　结合上文作者的见闻可推知，作者意识到人类与自然可以和谐共生。live in harmony意为“和谐共生”。 4 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $