Unit 5 Revealing Nature Using language 语法 课件-2025-2026学年高二英语外研版选择性必修第一册

B4U5 Using language Past perfect Look at the sentences and answer the questions. a Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, … b Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life. Activity 1 1. In sentence (a), which action happened first, “suspected” or “evolved from a common ancestor”? 2. In sentence (b), which action happened first, “refused to believe” or “evolved from lower forms of life”? 3. What does the structure had done indicate? It indicates the action happened before a certain past action. Past perfect Now look for more sentences with the past perfect tense in the reading passage, and summarise its use in your own words. Activity 1 1. It was a young man who had left medical school… 2. ... he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”. 3. After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowed with samples… he had collected. 4. At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since. 5. It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island. 6. Over time, it had slowly evolved into many new species. Past perfect Form: Function: Difference b/t past perfect and present perfect: had done 过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作或状态，也可以说是“过去的过去”。 时间参照不同 now past future 过去完成时 现在完成时 Exercises Jane _______________ (watch) a nature film on TV when someone knocked on the door. On our trip to Africa last year, we __________ (see) lions sitting in the tall grass watching us. The girl, when _____________ (question) why she _____________ (cheat) in the exam, just lowered her head and kept silent. The boy _________ (cry) loudly because he ____________ (lose) his way in the jungle and thought he couldn’t go back home. The young man insisted he ___________ (do) nothing wrong and that the police _________ (release) him． By the end of last year, another new hospital _______________ (complete) in our city. I got an e­mail from my old friend last Sunday. Until then, we _____________ (keep) in touch for nearly 3 years. was watching saw questioned had cheated cried had lost had done release had completed had kept 5 Past perfect 其他用法 表示过去没有实现的愿望或想法，意为“原本想、打算……”，常用于think/hope/intend/plan/expect/want/mean等词。 总结：与过去事实相反 联想： could/would/should/might/ought to + have done if条件句的虚拟语气（与过去事实相反） e.g., If he had got there earlier, he could have met her. wish之后接宾语从句的虚拟语气（与过去事实相反） e.g., I wish (that) she had been here. 6 Past perfect 其他用法 用于特殊句式： had no sooner… than… had hardly… when… had scarcely… when… 他一回来就买了一套房子。 He had no sooner returned than he bought a house. = No sooner had he returned than he bought a house. He had hardly returned when he bought a house. He had scarcely returned when he bought a house. 一……就…… had done did 7 Past perfect 其他用法 用于特殊句式： 某人第几次做某事 It is the first time that sb has/have done sth. It was the first time that sb had done sth. 8 Past perfect Complete the paragraphs with the information from the given sentences. Activity 2 began had led to developed chose to had made Past perfect Complete the online encyclopaedia entry with the correct form of the words. Activity 3 compete decline eat live introduce arrive had lived eaten had introduced competed declined arrived feel lonesome 孤独的；寂寞的 a lonesome place 人烟稀少的；荒凉的；偏僻的 Useful expressions 引起导致 食物短缺 做……方面研究 在……方面有重大发现 宣告……灭绝 这种乌龟的灭绝归咎于人类。 单独地，孤立地 到那时为止 为……竞争 尤其，特别 lead to food shortages do research on make important discoveries about declare… distinct The extinction of the tortoise is blamed on humans. in isolation by then compete for in particular 11 declare v. 1. [VN] e.g., 宣战 declare war on the country 2. [V that] e.g., 他声明不再竞选连任总统。 He declared that he would not run for a second term as president. 3. [VN-N] e.g., 宣布挑战成功 declare the challenge a success 4. [VN-ADJ] e.g., 习主席宣布冬奥会开幕。 President Xi declared the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics open. 5. [VN to inf] e.g., 这幅画被判定是赝品（forgery）。 The painting was declared to be a forgery. to say sth. officially or publicly 公布；宣布；宣告 declaration n. declarative adj. 12 declare v. How to translate “declare” in the following sentences? Do you have to declare everything you buy at the airport? “I’ll do it!” Tom declared. to say sth. officially or publicly 公布；宣布；宣告 to state sth. firmly and clearly 果断地说 申报（应纳税物品） $