Unit 6 Section Ⅱ Using language(Word教参)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语现在完成进行时核心语法点，通过“概念引入—结构分析—用法分类—练习巩固”的学习支架展开。先以例句感知时态意义，再归纳“have/has+been doing”结构及肯定、否定形式，进而分类讲解持续进行、刚结束等四种用法，搭配随堂检测强化应用。 资料特色鲜明，采用“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观，助力语言能力培养。听说部分结合生态旅游话题，通过听力测试与填空提升理解表达能力，渗透环保文化意识。课时作业分基础、语法与写作、语法与语篇维度，分层训练思维品质与学习能力，课中辅助教师系统教学，课后帮助学生查漏补缺，巩固知识。

Section Ⅱ　Using language Part Ⅰ　Grammar 现在完成进行时 I have been studying① for three hours， and my brain feels tired．My friend has been calling② me repeatedly， but I haven’t answered because I have been focusing③ on my work．Meanwhile， it has been raining④ outside since this morning， which makes the atmosphere even more relaxing． ①、②、③、④均使用了现在完成进行时。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观 一、概念 现在完成进行时表示从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作，该动作在说话时仍在继续进行，而且可能还要继续下去。 二、结构 【先感悟】 ①I have been waiting for you． 我一直在等你。 ②He hasn’t been using the car for the last two months． 过去的两个月，他一直没用那辆车。 【会发现】 现在完成进行时的结构为： have/has＋been doing。 【善归纳】 （1）肯定形式：have/has＋been doing （第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have） （2）否定形式：have/has＋not＋been doing 【运用练】　完成句子 ①The government has been taking measures to reduce pollution． 政府一直在采取措施减少污染。 ②I haven’t been feeling well these days， so I didn’t write to you earlier． 这几天我一直不舒服，所以没早点给你写信。 三、用法 【先感悟】 ①It has been snowing for three hours． 雪已经下了三个小时了。（从过去某一时间开始下雪，强调到现在还在下） ②—Sorry! I’m late．How long have you been waiting for me？ —We have been waiting for you for half an hour． ——很抱歉!我来迟了。你们等我多长时间了？ ——我们已经等了你半个小时了。 ③She’s been saying that twenty times． 那话她已经说了二十遍了。 ④I have been visiting some cities of China this month． 这个月，我一直在访问中国的一些城市。 【会发现】 （1）句①体现现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去，常与 “ for＋时间段” 或 “ since＋时间点（或从句）”的时间状语连用； （2）句②体现现在完成进行时可表示不久前刚刚结束的动作； （3）句③体现现在完成进行时强调动作延续时间的长久或带有感情色彩； （4）句④体现现在完成进行时表示这段时间 反复发生的事情。 【善归纳】 （1）现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去。通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点（或从句）”的时间状语连用； （2）现在完成进行时表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断； （3）现在完成进行时强调动作延续时间的长久或带有感情色彩； （4）现在完成进行时表示这段时间反复发生的事情。 【运用练】　完成句子 ①Our school has been organizing the charity sale for three days and it will last two more days． 我们学校已经举办了三天的慈善义卖活动，而且还将持续两天。 ②My friend has been looking for a dictionary since this morning but he still hasn’t found it yet． 我的朋友从今天早上起就一直在找一本字典，但到目前为止他还是没有找到。 ③He has been saying that he is going to quit smoking for ages， but he never does． 他一直说他要戒烟都说了好久了，但他从来没做到。 ④The kids have been watching the same cartoon several times this afternoon． 今天下午孩子们看同一部卡通片好几次了。 Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空 1.I have been preparing （prepare） for the English speech contest since last week， and I still need more practice． 2.She has been drawing （draw） a picture for the school art exhibition these days． I hope she can finish it soon． 3.The children have been playing （play） in the garden all afternoon．No wonder they are so tired． 4.We have been advertising （advertise） in all the local papers for a nurse，but with no result to date． 5.I met （meet） my old friend on the street yesterday and we had a long chat． 6.He had worked （work） in this company for five years before he changed his job． 7.They were discussing （discuss） the plan when the teacher entered the classroom． Ⅱ．完成句子 1.You’ve been saying you can succeed for five years， but nothing has happened up to now． 你一直说你能成功已经说了五年了，但到现在为止还没有任何进展。 2.I have been visiting many museums worldwide at my leisure these years． 这些年来，我利用闲暇时间参观了世界上的很多博物馆。 3.Your clothes are covered with dust． I guess you have been cleaning the classroom． 你的衣服满是灰尘，我猜你一直在打扫教室吧。 4.I have been wondering whether I can pass the interview for the job． 我一直在想我是否能通过这份工作的面试。 5.She has been working in this company since 2018， and she plans to stay for a few more years． 她从2018年起就在这家公司工作，并且打算再待几年。 Part Ⅱ　Listening and speaking 一、听力清障 1.catch your eye引起你的注意 2.go on an ecotourism holiday　　去度生态旅游假期 3.hike up mountains　　爬山 4.as a compromise　　作为妥协 5.provide more jobs for　　为……提供更多工作岗位 6.in harmony with　　与……和谐共处 二、教材听力二次开发 （一）听力测试 Ⅰ．Listen to the conversation in the textbook and choose the best answers． 1.What are they talking about？（　　） A．Where to spend their holiday． B．What an ecotourism holiday is． C．The harmful impact of travelling． 2.Why doesn’t Dad like to travel to Nepal？（　　） A．Because there are no rhinos． B．Because he doesn’t like rice and vegetables． C．Because he thinks hiking up mountains and planting trees are tiring． 3.Where do they decide to go at last？（　　） A．Nepal．B．Thailand．C．India． 答案：1－3　BCB Ⅱ．Listen to the passage in the textbook and choose the best answers． 1.What does the passage mainly talk about？（　　） A．Developing economy． B．Environmental protection． C．Whether a hotel should be built at White Beach． 2.Which is NOT the local people’s concern about building a hotel at White Beach？（　　） A．It will use up the natural resources． B．It will provide more job opportunities． C．It may disturb the environment and wildlife． 答案：1－2　CB （二）听力填空 Ⅰ．Listen to the conversation in the textbook again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear． （R=Rachel，D=Dad） R：Dad，I’ve been searching online for some information about holidays，as you asked． D：OK Rachel．So，what’s 1.caught your eye？ R：I thought we might go on an ecotourism holiday．The idea is that you go to a natural place and help 2. conserve it．To me，that’s much better than just sitting on a beach． D：Hmm ．．．I’m not sure about that ．．． R：Oh，come on，Dad．The fact is that travel does a lot of harm to the environment．Wouldn’t you agree that we should do something 3.positive？　 D：If you ask me，lying on a beach is doing something positive! OK，where do you want to go？ R：Well，there’s a holiday to Nepal．It looks 4.fantastic．You get to hike in the mountains and plant trees．And you get to count rhinos to help protect them． D：Wait，what？ There are rhinos in Nepal？ R：Yes，Dad! You also eat simple local food，like rice and vegetables．That’s real ecotourism! D：Rice and vegetables？ I can eat that at home! And I don’t think hiking up mountains and planting trees are very relaxing．I would say they sound like 5.hard work! R：Yes，that’s true．OK．Let’s find a 6.compromise so we can both be happy．How about Thailand？ We can look after elephants and sleep in a treehouse ．．． D：Look after elephants？ What would we have to do？ R：Well，we would have to feed them 7.three times a day．In the afternoon，you wash the elephants．Oh，and you also have to play with them — you can swim in a river with them or play with baby elephants．Apparently the older elephants can play a kind of football! D：I 8.admit that sounds rather fun ．．．Rachel，is this holiday near the coast？ R：Yes，it is． D：Then let’s meet in the middle.9.As a compromise，how about we stay nearby in a nice hotel？ You can do some ecotourism activities while I lie on the beach and read a book．Then we’re both happy． R：So I can look after elephants？ OK then，I agree，but we both have to go on a one－day bike tour of the 10.jungle． D：Fine，it’s a deal． Ⅱ．Listen to the passage in the textbook again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear． As tourism develops，people are becoming increasingly 1.concerned about the environment．Here in our city，there is a 2.heated discussion about whether a hotel should be built at White Beach．The owner of the company thinks the hotel would attract more 3.tourists，which will create opportunities for new businesses and help the local 4.economy．However，the local people worry that building the hotel is not eco－friendly and will 5.disturb the wildlife，in particular the turtles which lay their eggs on White Beach．But they also 6.admit that building the hotel will provide more jobs for people living in the area．Even though the owner of the company 7.guarantees that the design will be in harmony with its beautiful 8.surroundings，the local people are still concerned that the hotel may 9.use up natural resources．Increased tourist numbers will also mean more cars and aeroplanes，which in turn means higher carbon 10.emissions． ◇operator n．经营者；操作人员，技工；电话员，接线员→operate v．运转；工作；操作；控制；（对……）动手术→operation n．手术；运转；运行；操作 教材原句　You are a hotel operator who wants to build a hotel on some forested land． 你是一个酒店经营者，想在森林密布的地方建一个酒店。 【用法】 （1）operate on ．．．　　 给……做手术 （2）put/bring ．．．into operation　投入使用；开始试行；投入运营 come/go into operation　　开始工作，运转，生效 【佳句】　She showed me around the building in which she once worked as a lift operator．她带我参观了她曾经在里面做过电梯操作员的那栋大楼。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Having seen the X－ray， the doctor decided to operate on the patient．②The task of the operator （operate） is to carry out routine maintenance of the machine． ③His quality of life has improved dramatically since the operation （operate）． 【写美】　完成句子 ④To improve our environment， the new garbage sorting system will be put/brought into operation next month． 为了改善我们的环境，新的垃圾分类系统将于下个月投入使用。　（告知信） 维度一：基础题型练 用所给动词的正确时态填空 1.He has been considering （consider） buying a new car， yet he hasn’t decided （not， decide） which brand to choose． 2.Look!The children are playing （play） football on the playground and they have been playing （play） for two hours already． 3.They have been working （work） on this project for five months and they will finish it next month． 4.We have been discussing （discuss） the plan for the English speech contest recently， and we will make a decision tomorrow． 5.The scientist has been doing （do） research on AI since last year， and the project will be completed next month． 6.My brother has been learning （learn） French for three years， and he is still making progress． 7.The government has been extending （extend） the subway lines to improve the city’s public transportation network． 8.What exactly have been doing （do） to prepare for the upcoming exam？ 9.The historical museums in this city， which showcase the long－standing local culture，have been visited （visit） by many students for educational purposes． 10.Scientists have made （make） a breakthrough in the field of renewable energy research． 维度二：语法与写作 完成句子 1.She has been practising the piano since breakfast，and her fingers are starting to ache． 她从早餐起就一直在练钢琴，她的手指开始疼了。 2.I have been looking for my dog for days and still haven’t found him． 我已经找了我的狗好几天了，但仍然没有找到它。 3.I have been doing homework this morning and I have done it for four hours so far． 今天上午我一直在做作业，到目前为止我已经做了四个小时了。 4.Over the past few years， the number of wild animals in this area has been declining due to the destruction of their habitats． 在过去的几年里，由于栖息地的破坏，这个地区的野生动物数量一直在减少。 5.Ever since she started her own business， she has been focusing on improving the quality of her products． 自从她开始自己创业以来，她一直专注于提高她产品的质量。 6.Jack， who has been studying painting for several years， has won many awards． 杰克多年来一直在学习绘画，他已经获得了许多奖项。 7.She has been searching/looking for the lost key for an hour， but still can’t find it． 她找那把丢失的钥匙已经找了一个小时了，但还是找不到。 8.Practicing speaking English every day to improve my oral skills is what I have been doing． 每天练习说英语来提高我的口语能力是我一直在做的事情。 维度三：语法与语篇 用所给词的适当形式完成下面短文 　　Last night， I 1.went （go） to see a concert by the Chinese－born Canadian artist Liu Fang．She was born in China and 2.studied （study） music in Shanghai， but she 3.has been living （live） in Canada since 1996.She 4.has been playing （play） traditional Chinese music since she was very young．Last night， she 5.performed （perform） a series of classical Chinese pieces for the pipa and the guzheng．I 6.bought （buy） a CD of her music after the concert and I 7.have been listening （listen） to it all day today! Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 　　In recent years， the number of endangered animals has been decreasing rapidly， which has aroused widespread concern around the world． Endangered animals refer to species that are at risk of extinction due to various factors such as habitat loss， environmental pollution and overhunting． Protecting these animals is not only crucial for maintaining ecological balance but also of great significance for human survival and development． 　　First of all， every animal plays a unique role in the ecological chain． For example， bees are important pollinators． Without bees， many plants cannot reproduce， which will affect the food sources of other animals and even humans． If a certain species becomes extinct， it may cause a chain reaction， leading to the collapse of the entire ecological system． Therefore， protecting endangered animals is essential to maintain the stability of the ecological chain． 　　Secondly， endangered animals have important scientific research value． Many animals have unique physiological structures and living habits， which can provide valuable materials for scientific research． For instance， the giant panda， a national treasure of China， has attracted the attention of scientists all over the world due to its unique digestive system and reproductive characteristics． Studying these animals can help us better understand the laws of nature and promote the development of science and technology． 　　However， in reality， the situation of protecting endangered animals is not optimistic． Some people still hunt and kill endangered animals for profit， and the destruction of habitats is still happening． To change this situation， we need the joint efforts of the whole society． The government should formulate and strictly enforce relevant laws and regulations to punish illegal hunting and killing． At the same time， we should strengthen publicity and education to raise people’s awareness of protecting endangered animals． Only in this way can we ensure that endangered animals can survive and multiply， and make the earth a better place for all living things． 语篇解读： 本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了保护濒危动物的重要性及相应措施。濒危动物因栖息地丧失、环境污染和过度捕猎等因素濒临灭绝，保护它们对维持生态平衡和人类生存发展至关重要。 1.What does the underlined word “pollinators” in paragraph 2 mean？（　　） A．Animals that eat plants． B．Animals that help plants reproduce by carrying pollen．　 C．Animals that live on plants． D．Animals that destroy plants． 解析：B　词义猜测题。 根据第二段画线词下文内容可知，蜜蜂在植物繁衍中起着关键作用。由此推知 pollinators 意为“传粉者”，即帮助植物传播花粉的动物。 2.What can we infer from the passage？（　　） A．Protecting endangered animals is only the government’s responsibility． B．If bees become extinct， it will not affect humans． C．The giant panda is of great scientific research value． D．The destruction of habitats has stopped． 解析：C　推理判断题。 根据第三段中的Secondly， endangered animals have important scientific research value． 以及下文提到大熊猫的例子可推知，文中以大熊猫为例是为了说明濒危动物具有极高的科研价值。 3.What is the author’s attitude towards the current situation of protecting endangered animals？（　　） A．Optimistic． B．Pessimistic． C．Concerned．　 D．Indifferent． 解析：C　推理判断题。 根据第四段中的However， in reality， the situation of protecting ．．． habitats is still happening． 可推知，作者认为目前保护形势严峻，对濒危动物的现状持担忧态度。 4.What is the main idea of this passage？（　　） A．The number of endangered animals is decreasing． B．The reasons why animals become endangered． C．The importance of protecting endangered animals and the ways to do it．　 D．The scientific research value of endangered animals． 解析：C　主旨大意题。 通读全文可知，文章先指出现状，接着从生态稳定和科研价值两方面阐述保护濒危动物的重要性，最后提出具体保护措施。 B 　　（2026•安徽六安期末）Roland Ascroft’s first attempt to become a citizen scientist was nearly his last． The 63－year－old conservationist volunteered to take part in a wildlife monitoring project in 2015 and began by placing a camera trap in the woods opposite his house at New Brancepeth， near Durham． For three weeks he checked every day but found nothing had set the device off， “I was about to give up when I moved my camera trap for one last attempt — and found next morning that I had photographed a roe deer，” says Ascroft． “I loved it．” Since then， Ascroft has set up 20 camera traps that have taken more than 75，000 photographs of wildlife in Deerness Woods． 　　His work is one of a series of projects that have been set up by Doing It Together Science （DITOs）， an EU citizen science program that has been organized by researchers at University College London． As one of the projects， a group at Durham University set up MammalWeb which uses camera traps — digital cameras triggered （触发） by an animal’s heat and movement — to monitor wildlife in the northeast． Ascroft was one of its first volunteers． 　　His images of Deerness have revealed that， in addition to cats and dogs， 17 different species of mammal （哺乳动物） have made their homes in the woods． For good measure， Ascroft has also photographed 38 species of birds． It is an amazing， rich variety of wildlife and has led to moves to have Deerness Woods formally declared a nature reserve by Durham County Council． “The idea is particularly satisfactory as the site used to be an industrial center that was not closed until the 1960s，” says Ascroft． “As my camera trap photographs have shown， there has been a remarkable return of wildlife to the place．” 　　Pen－Yuan Hsing， who helped to set up MammalWeb， said that Ascroft’s work had shown the power of citizen science in general and the DITOs project in particular． “Ascroft’s data was so good that it fed into the local authorities who are now planning a local nature reserve there，” says Hsing． “This is how someone as a citizen has used science to discover something that led to real policy change．” 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了公民科学家RolandAscroft通过参与野生动物监测项目取得的成就及对当地环境保护作出贡献的故事。 5.What is Ascroft’s work about？（　　） A．Recording wildlife activity． B．Repairing camera traps． C．Designing research projects． D．Analyzing digital data． 解析：A　细节理解题。 根据第二段中的As one of the projects ．．．one of its first volunteers． 可知，Ascroft 的工作是利用红外触发相机来监测并记录野生动物。 6.How did Ascroft feel about his work at first？（　　） A．Discouraged．　 B．Satisfied． C．Confused．　 D．Excited． 解析：A　推理判断题。 根据第一段中的For three weeks he checked ．．．“I was about to give up when I moved my camera trap for one last attempt” 可知，Ascroft 在最初三周内一无所获甚至想要放弃，说明他当时的心情是沮丧的。 7.What is paragraph 3 mainly about concerning Ascroft？（　　） A．His equipment． B．His contributions． C．His responsibilities． D．His working conditions． 解析：B　段落大意题。 根据第三段中的 His images of Deerness have revealed ．．．nature reserve by Durham County Council． 可知，本段主要介绍了Ascroft 的研究成果及其为推动自然保护区建立所作出的贡献。 8.What does the last paragraph try to highlight？（　　） A．The power of digital technology． B．The significant role of citizen science． C．The importance of setting up nature reserves． D．The role of local governments in data collection． 解析：B　推理判断题。 根据最后一段可知，本段重点总结并强调了公民科学在科学发现及促成政策调整中的重要作用。 Ⅱ．完形填空 　　I became a gardener when I was sixteen．My 　9　 of gardening may not have originated from my love for nature， but to annoy my parents． 　　We had a beautiful maple tree in our big yard．But my mother looked with 　10　 at this work of art．Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish to her， “Something else to 　11　!” 　　At that age， I always did something 　12　 to whatever my parents did! If gardening were something they found upsetting， I would 　13　 a garden! I planted roses．Wild with 　14　， I found the flowers bloomed （开花） their heads off．　15　， I was touched by this land of wonder． 　　However， my parents showed no interest in my garden．My father 　16　 me because he found it was 　17　 to move around my garden to the driveway．To my mother’s 　18　，I put in her vase my roses which， in her eyes， were simply weeds．However， I 　19　 to enjoy the pleasure of gardening．Plants make good companions： they breathe， they bloom， they 　20　 to care and love． 　　It has been years since I made my first garden out of my desire to 　21　 my parents．Today I become known as Mrs Green－thumbs， which makes my parents feel 　22　．And now I could say it is my love for 　23　 that makes me a real gardener． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从最初为了与父母唱反调而开始搞园艺，到后来真正爱上园艺并成为知名园丁的故事。 9. A．dream　 B．design C．intention　 D．memory 解析：C　根据but to annoy my parents可知，作者从事园艺工作的意图并非源于对自然的热爱，而是为了惹父母生气。 10. A．appreciation　 B．doubt C．excitement　 D．surprise 解析：B　根据下文Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish to her可知，作者的母亲并不喜欢枫树，带着怀疑的眼光看待这件艺术品。 11. A．care about　 B．clean up C．come in　 D．collect up 解析：B　根据上文Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish to her可知，母亲觉得枫叶是垃圾，所以认为这又是一件需要清理的东西。 12. A．equal　 B．opposite C．similar　 D．superior 解析：B　根据下文If gardening were something they found upsetting， I would 　13　 a garden!可知，作者在那个年纪总是和父母对着干。do something opposite to ．．．表示 “做与……相反的事情”。 13. A．buy　 B．decorate C．plant　 D．destroy 解析：C　上文提到作者总是和父母对着干，既然父母不喜欢园艺，作者就打算种一个花园。 14. A．anger　 B．anxiety C．fear　 D．joy 解析：D　根据I found the flowers bloomed （开花） their heads off可推测，作者看到花儿都开了，自然非常开心。 15. A．Gradually　 B．Luckily C．Regretfully　 D．Originally 解析：A　作者最初种植花是为了惹怒父母。根据I was touched by this land of wonder可推测，随着时间的推移，作者渐渐被这片土地所打动。 16. A．was curious about　 B．was patient with C．was displeased with　 D．was interested in 解析：C　根据上文However， my parents showed no interest in my garden．可知，父亲对作者不满。 17. A．convenient　 B．dangerous C．enjoyable　 D．troublesome 解析：D　根据move around my garden to the driveway以及父亲的不满可知，作者的父亲认为在花园和车道之间来回走动很麻烦。 18. A．dislike　 B．delight C．relief　 D．sadness 解析：A　根据I put in her vase my roses which， in her eyes， were simply weeds可知，作者的母亲认为玫瑰不过是杂草，所以当看到作者把玫瑰放进花瓶时，作者的母亲也不会开心。to one’s dislike表示 “使某人不高兴”。 19. A．continued　 B．stopped C．decided　 D．struggled 解析：A　尽管父母不感兴趣，但作者继续享受园艺的乐趣。continue to do sth表示“继续做某事”。 20. A．devote　 B．lead C．respond　 D．turn 解析：C　根据上文Plants make good companions可知，植物是很好的伴侣。由此可知，作者认为植物会对关爱和呵护有回应。 21. A．challenge　 B．defeat C．respect　 D．satisfy 解析：A　根据第一段中的to annoy my parents可知，作者最初开始从事园艺来惹恼父母，也就是想要挑战父母的权威。 22. A．strange　 B．proud C．disappointed　 D．comfortable 解析：B　根据Today I become known as Mrs Green－thumbs可推测，作者如今被称为 “绿拇指夫人”（园艺高手），这让父母感到骄傲。 23. A．freedom　 B．life C．growth　 D．nature 解析：D　根据第一段中的My 　9　 of gardening may not have originated from my love for nature可知，作者最初从事园艺不是因为对自然的热爱，而现在可以说正是对自然的热爱让作者成为真正的园艺师。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $