Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas(Word教参)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

本高中英语讲义围绕“小丑医生”主题语篇，构建“课前导入激趣—速读理清脉络—精读领悟细节—课文融通运用”的学习支架，系统梳理语篇理解策略与词汇、短语、句型等语言知识，形成从输入到输出的完整学习链。 该资料以真实情境为载体，通过“释疑难”“赏靓点”深度解析语篇结构与语言特色，提升学生语言能力；设计创造性问题（如“作为小丑医生会做什么”）培养思维品质；分层作业（基础与能力练）助力学习能力发展，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后帮助学生巩固知识、弥补薄弱环节。

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas Part Ⅰ　Reading comprehension 第一步　课前导入•激趣启思 　What forms of comedy show are the following pictures？ Stage plays with sitcom， stand－up， happy endings and comedy acts with clowns． 第二步　速读课文•理清脉络 Skim the passage and fill in the blanks． 第三步　精读课文•领悟细节 Task 1：Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers． 1.What does paragraph 1 mainly talk about？ （　　） A．What a clown doctor looks like． B．What kinds of patients visit the hospital． C．The reasons why children cry in hospital． D．The daily scene of the waiting area in the hospital． 2.Why did the author choose to be a clown doctor？ （　　） A．He performed magic tricks well． B．He wanted to work closely with doctors． C．He enjoyed wearing a curly rainbow wig． D．He had a bad experience in hospital as a child． 3.What is clown doctors’ main responsibility？（　　） A．Treating minor injuries． B．Entertaining people in hospitals． C．Assisting nurses with daily tasks． D．Updating patients’ health conditions． 4.Why do clown doctors have to be sensitive？ （　　） A．To relax patients’ family． B．To follow strict hospital rules． C．To meet the special needs of children． D．To avoid cultural misunderstandings． 答案：1－4　DDBC Task 2：Think creatively and critically and answer the questions． 1.If you work as part of the programme “hospital clowning”， what will you do？ I will try my best to entertain the patients who come to my hospital．After all， helping others is a kind of contribution to society． 2.Do you like the hospital with clown doctors？ Why？ Yes， I like it．Because this kind of hospital will not be so boring and will be a friendlier and more pleasant place to visit． 第四步　课文融通•学以致用 　　根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 　　After entering the hospital and 1.wearing （wear） my white coat， I put on my curly rainbow wig， big red nose， and add my name badge．I walk through the doors into the waiting area， 2.which is filled with a familiar tense atmosphere．Having learnt about a girl named Lara who hurt her ankle， I decide 3.to make （make） her feel better． 　　Because of my painful hospital experience as a kid， I chose to be a 4.specially （special） trained clown doctor as part of a programme 5.known （know） as “hospital clowning”．Clown doctors like me work together with medical professionals．On a 6.typical （type） day， we spend our time cheering 7.up patients， their families， and more often than not， the hospital staff， too! 8.It is essential for us to be sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses． While the doctor concentrates on Lara’s 9.examination （examine）， I get her attention by doing a magic trick．Her scared and anxious look is replaced by loud laughter．While there might be more hospital visits ahead for Lara and others， I hope that clown doctors help make it a 10.friendlier （friendly） place to visit than before． The Best Medicine 　　As I approach the hospital wearing my white coat①， I look just like any other doctor．That is until I put on my curly rainbow wig②， big red nose， and add my name badge “Doctor Larry Laugh－Out－Loud”．［1］I walk through the doors③ into the waiting area， where there’s a familiar atmosphere④ of boredom and tension．［2］People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs， looking through old magazines， all of which have been read hundreds of times previously．Anxious parents do what they can to comfort nervous and crying children⑤． 　　［3］In the middle of this particular scene I spot a small girl whose ankle is twice its normal size．I speak with the on－duty nurse⑥， who tells me that Lara’s parents rushed her to the hospital⑦ after she fell off her bicycle⑧．Since getting here， Lara has spent her time crying in pain⑨．［4］Although it’s the doctors and nurses who will treat her injury， it’s my job to make her feel better⑩． 　　【释疑难】　［1］句为复合句。where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the waiting area。 　　［2］主句谓语是sit，动词－ing短语looking through old magazines作伴随状语，all of which引导非限制性定语从句。 　　［3］whose引导限制性定语从句，句型结构是“主语A＋be＋倍数＋B的形容词性物主代词＋size/length/ ．．．”， 意为“A是B的几倍大/长/……”。 　　［4］Although引导让步状语从句，从句使用了强调句：It is/was＋被强调成分＋that/who＋句子其他成分。 【赏靓点】　［1］句中的walk through the doors为我们呈现了作者穿过一道道门走入候诊区的动态画面，后面的boredom and tension则描绘了候诊区的氛围。 Paras.1－2 1.语块翻译 ①穿着我的白大褂 ②卷曲的彩虹色假发 ③穿过大门 ④熟悉的氛围 ⑤安抚紧张哭闹的孩子 ⑥值班护士 ⑦匆忙送她去医院 ⑧从自行车上摔下来 ⑨疼痛地 ⑩让她感觉好受些 2.熟词生义/靓词 （1）treat （Para.2） 熟义：v．对待；看待 文中义：v．治疗；医治 （2）spot （Para.2） 赏析：动词spot意为“注意到”，所描写的动作更能切合当时的场景：作者在嘈杂的人群中注意到一个小女孩。 （3）rush （Para.2） 赏析：rush一词写出了劳拉的父母急匆匆送她就医的情形，暗示了当时劳拉父母内心的紧张、焦虑。 　　［5］Scientific studies⑪ show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better， which means clown doctors⑫ can be helpful．We are specially trained clowns who work as part of a programme known as “hospital clowning⑬”．I chose this career because of my experience of going to hospital when I was a kid．Although the doctors and nurses did a great job⑭， hospitals weren’t really designed for⑮ children．［6］I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened and more than a little⑯ bored!Being a clown doctor means I can help people by entertaining them． 　　［7］Visiting hospitals and other health care facilities⑰， we clown doctors work together with medical professionals．On a typical day， we spend our time cheering up⑱ patients， their families， and more often than not⑲， the hospital staff， too! We do this by doing magic tricks， singing songs， telling stories and， of course， telling silly jokes．Some children， though， don’t feel like laughing， especially if they’re in pain．We have to be very sensitive and work closely with⑳ the doctors and nurses， who keep us updated on each patient． 　　【释疑难】　［7］动词－ing形式作状语。 　　【赏靓点】　［5］句是全文的理论支撑。句中that引导宾语从句，说明研究结果，which引导非限制性定语从句，对上文内容进行总结和延伸，逻辑严密，由科学事实自然过渡到职业价值。 ［6］句中运用了spend time （in） doing sth结构，并在其中嵌入了when引导的时间状语从句。短语more than a little意为“非常”，比单纯用very更能强调作者儿时在医院那种极度无聊和厌烦的心理，情感色彩强烈。 Paras.3－4 1.语块翻译 ⑪ 科学研究 ⑫ 小丑医生 ⑬ 医疗小丑 ⑭ 做得很好 ⑮ 专为……设计 ⑯ 非常；很（修饰形容词） ⑰ 医疗保健机构 ⑱ （使）高兴起来；（使）振作起来 ⑲ 往往；多半；通常 ⑳ 与……密切合作 2.熟词生义/靓词 （1）sensitive （Para.4） 熟义：adj．敏感的；过敏的 文中义：adj．善解人意的；体贴的 （2）entertain （Para.3） 赏析：entertain通常指“娱乐，款待”，这里体现了作者的工作方式——通过带来快乐来提供帮助，点明了职业核心。 　　And my magic medicine does indeed seem to do the trick㉑．While the doctor concentrates on㉒ examining Lara’s ankle， I get her attention㉓ by doing a magic trick．Although she is clearly still in some pain， her scared and anxious look has been replaced — first by a small smile， and then by loud laughter as I “magically” produce her sock from out of my pocket．［8］Seeing their daughter so much happier has in turn㉔ made Lara’s parents more relaxed． 　　And as for me㉕？ Well， when I take off㉖ my wig and my red nose， I’m still wearing a big smile， as I remember all the fun and laughter of the day．［9］While there might be more hospital visits ahead for Lara and others， I hope that clown doctors help make it a friendlier place to visit．［10］After all， it really is true that “laughter is the best medicine”． 　　【释疑难】　［8］句句型：主语＋make＋宾语＋宾语补足语；Seeing their daughter so much happier是动词－ing形式作主语。 　　［9］While引导让步状语从句，that引导宾语从句，make it a friendlier place to visit为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，to visit为动词不定式作后置定语。 【赏靓点】　［10］句：文章结尾使用it作形式主语，that引导主语从句，引用谚语点题。it really is true ．．．加强了肯定的语气，升华了文章主题，留给读者无尽的回味。 Paras.5－6 1.语块翻译 ㉑ 奏效，达到预期效果 ㉒ 集中精力于；专注于 ㉓ 吸引她的注意 ㉔ 相应地；转而 ㉕ 至于我 ㉖ 拿下；脱下 2.靓词 trick （Para.5） 赏析：trick一语双关，字面上呼应了小丑医生的magic trick（魔术），但习语do the trick意为“奏效，达到预期效果”，形象地说明了幽默疗法对病人的实际治疗效果。 参考译文 最佳灵药 　　当我穿着白大褂走向医院的时候，我看起来跟其他医生一样——直到我戴上卷曲的彩虹色假发和大红鼻子，别上我的徽章“拉里•笑哈哈医生”为止。我穿过一道道门进入候诊区，这里充斥着常见的厌烦和紧张情绪。人们别扭地坐在塑料椅上，翻阅着那些已经被读过几百次的旧杂志。焦虑的父母们正竭尽所能安抚紧张哭闹的孩子。 　　就在这样的场景里，我注意到一个小女孩，她的脚踝肿成了原来的两倍。我和当值护士交谈时她告诉我，劳拉从自行车上摔下来，她的父母匆忙将她送到医院。自从来到这里，劳拉就因为疼痛而一直大哭。尽管为她治疗伤痛的是医生和护士，但让她的心情变好则是我的工作。 　　科学研究表明，欢笑能令人产生一些有益身心的化学物质，这就意味着小丑医生能帮到患者。我们是受过专门培训的小丑，是“医疗小丑”项目的成员。我选择这个职业是由于我自己小时候去医院的经历。尽管当时医生和护士都尽职尽责，但医院实在不是个适合孩子们待的地方。我在那里的大部分时间要么觉得害怕，要么感到非常无聊!当一名小丑医生意味着我可以用娱乐人们的方式帮助他们。 　　作为小丑医生，我们要走访医院和其他的医疗保健机构，和专业医疗人员一起工作。我们一天的工作内容通常是为病人、病人家属，甚至是医院的工作人员带来欢乐!为此，我们会变魔术、唱歌、讲故事，当然还会讲一些滑稽的笑话。尽管如此，有些孩子并不想笑，尤其是在他们感到疼痛的时候。所以我们必须非常善解人意，并且与医护人员密切合作，他们会为我们提供每个病人的最新情况。 　　而我的灵药似乎确实取得了成效。当医生集中精力检查劳拉的脚踝时，我用魔术来吸引劳拉的注意力。尽管她显然仍有一些痛苦，但她恐惧和焦虑的表情已经不见了：先是一个小小的微笑，接着变成了大笑——因为我“魔术般地”从我的口袋里变出了她的一只袜子。看到女儿破涕为笑，劳拉的父母也松了一口气。 　　而我呢？当我摘下假发和红鼻子的时候，脸上仍然带着大大的微笑，因为我记得这天所有的乐趣和欢笑。也许将来，对于劳拉或者其他人来说，他们还有更多到医院就诊的需要，而我希望，小丑医生能够帮助医院成为一个更温暖友善的就诊场所。毕竟，“欢笑是最佳灵药”，这句话是千真万确的。 Part Ⅱ　Language points Ⅰ．阅读词汇 1.a girl with curly hair一个留着卷发的女孩 2.wear a blonde wig　　戴着金色的假发 3.wear a school badge　　佩戴校徽 Ⅱ．写作词汇 1.a circus performance　　一场马戏团表演 2.twist one’s ankle　　扭伤某人的脚踝 Ⅲ．多义词汇 1.①spot his friend in the crowd　　在人群中发现他的朋友 ②a famous scenic spot　　一个著名的景点 ③a blue tie with white spots　　一条带白点的蓝色领带 ④a mud spot on the trousers　　裤子上的泥渍 2.①specially trained clowns　　受过专门培训的小丑 ②pull faces and clown around　　做鬼脸扮小丑 Ⅳ．拓展词汇 1.amusement n．娱乐，消遣→amuse vt．娱乐，消遣；使发笑→amusing adj．逗人发笑的，好笑的，有趣的 2.entertain v．使快乐→entertaining adj．有趣的；娱乐性的；令人愉快的→entertainment n．娱乐，消遣 3.examine v．检查（身体）→examination n．检查；考试 4.advertisement n．广告→advertiser n．广告商→advertise v．征聘，公布 5.employer n．雇用者，雇主→employ vt．雇用；使用→employee n．雇员→employment n．工作；职业；受雇 【构词法】 1.“动词＋－ment”构成名词 ①amuse→amusement （娱乐，消遣） ②equip→equipment （装备；设备） ③announce→announcement （通告；宣告） ④develop→development （发展；发育） ⑤argue→argument （争论；论点） 2.“动词＋－er”构成名词（通常表示“……的人”） ①employ→employer （雇用者，雇主） ②interview→interviewer （面试官；采访者） ③perform→performer （表演者；执行者） ④design→designer （设计者；设计师） ⑤report→reporter （记者） Ⅴ．短语互译 1.cheer up　　　　 （使）高兴起来，（使）振作起来 2.look through　　浏览；快速查看 3.be designed for　　专为……设计 4.concentrate on　　集中精力于；专注于 5.in turn　　相应的，转而 6.after all　　毕竟，终究 7.health care　　 医疗保健 8.do the trick　　 奏效，达到预期效果 9.in pain　　疼痛地 10.walk off　　离开 Ⅵ．句型填空 1.句型公式：状语从句的省略 教材原句：Since getting here，Lara has spent her time crying in pain． 自从来到这里，劳拉就因为疼痛而一直大哭。 2.句型公式：动词－ing形式短语作主语 教材原句：Being a clown doctor means I can help people by entertaining them． 当一名小丑医生意味着我可以用娱乐人们的方式帮助他们。 3.句型公式：“by＋doing”作方式状语 教材原句：We do this by doing magic tricks，singing songs，telling stories and，of course，telling silly jokes． 为此，我们会变魔术、唱歌、讲故事，当然还会讲一些滑稽的笑话。 4.句型公式：it is＋形容词＋that引导的主语从句 教材原句：After all，it really is true that “laughter is the best medicine”． 毕竟，“欢笑是最佳灵药”，这句话是千真万确的。 写作词汇集释 1.amusement n． 娱乐，消遣→amuse vt．娱乐，消遣；使发笑→amused adj．觉得好笑的；逗乐的→amusing adj．逗人发笑的，好笑的，有趣的 教材原句　an amusement park 一个游乐场 【用法】 （1）to one’s amusement令某人感到好笑的是 in/with amusement　　愉快地；津津有味地 （2）amuse sb with/by ．．．　　用/以……娱乐某人 【佳句】　（人教选必一） As you wander around the fantasy amusement park， you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or even on the street． 当你漫步在奇幻的游乐园时，你可能会在游行的队伍里甚至在街上看到白雪公主或米老鼠。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The amused （amuse） audience couldn’t stop laughing during the show． ②The children were watching her doing magic tricks in amusement （amuse）． ③To tell you the truth， it’s amusing （amuse） to watch some comedies in the cinema． 【写美】　完成句子 ④To our amusement， the little monkey lost its balance and fell into the water． 令我们感到好笑的是，这只小猴子失去了平衡，掉进了水里。　（日记） 2.look through 翻阅，浏览；看穿，识破（某人或某事）；仔细检查（某物）；穿过……看 教材原句　People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs， looking through old magazines， all of which have been read hundreds of times previously． 人们别扭地坐在塑料椅上，翻阅着那些已经被读过几百次的旧杂志。 【用法】 look down on　 瞧不起 look into　　调查；查找 look over　　仔细检查，审视（某人或某物） look up to　　尊敬；钦佩；仰慕 look up and down　　上下打量；到处寻找 【佳句】　As a young athlete， I look up to professional players who inspire me to work harder and never give up． 作为一名年轻的运动员，我仰慕那些激励我更加努力、永不放弃的职业运动员。　（演讲稿） 【练透】　用上面短语的适当形式填空 ①Looking through the article carefully， she noticed several mistakes． ②Several months ago， police in Beijing looked into several crime cases where personal information had been illegally accessed． 【写美】　完成句子 ③During the interview， the manager looked me up and down before asking me to take a seat． 面试期间，经理上下打量了我一番，然后让我坐下。 3.cheer up （使）高兴起来，（使）振作起来 教材原句　On a typical day， we spend our time cheering up patients， their families， and more often than not， the hospital staff， too! 我们一天的工作内容通常是为病人、病人家属，甚至是医院的工作人员带来欢乐! 【用法】 （1）cheer sb on（赛跑比赛中）以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油 cheer for　　为……而欢呼 （2）cheerful adj．　　 快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的 cheers int．　　（用于祝酒）干杯；再见；谢谢 【佳句】　Noticing the newcomer was always alone and silent， the headteacher Miss Eyre decided to do something that could make the boy cheer up and fit in with the new class． 注意到新来的同学总是独来独往、沉默寡言，班主任埃尔小姐决定采取一些措施，让这个男孩振作起来，融入新班级。　（情景描写） 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①As the marathon runners passed by our area， we joined the crowd to cheer them on． ②The surface of the calm lake stirred the waves， and my mood was as cheerful （cheer） as a wave． ③Worn out， David reached the finishing line， with all the students cheering for him excitedly． 【写美】　完成句子 ④（2025•全国一卷）“I am sorry，” I said sincerely， handing him the basket．“I hope these can cheer you up．” “对不起，”我诚恳地说道，一边把篮子递给他，“希望这些能让你开心起来。”　（语言描写） 4.do the trick 奏效，达到预期效果 教材原句　And my magic medicine does indeed seem to do the trick．而我的灵药似乎确实取得了成效。 【用法】 play a trick on=play tricks on 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑 trick sb into doing sth　　欺骗某人做某事 【佳句】　Your practice of fluent and standard oral Chinese can do the trick， which is an essential part of practice． 你练习流利且标准的中文口语就能奏效，这是练习的必要部分。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①She tricked the old man into purchasing （purchase） her false goods． 【写美】　完成句子 ②Her companion must have played a trick on her， for she was in no mood for anything that day． 她的同伴一定是跟她开了个玩笑，因为那天她没心情做任何事情。 5.concentrate v．专心；集中→concentration n．专心；集中 教材原句　While the doctor concentrates on examining Lara’s ankle， I get her attention by doing a magic trick．当医生集中精力检查劳拉的脚踝时，我用魔术来吸引劳拉的注意力。 【用法】 concentrate on （doing） sth专心（做）某事 concentrate one’s mind/attention on　集中精力于；致力于；专心于 【佳句】　To be effective， you need to identify your strengths and concentrate on them． 为了提高效率，你需要发现自己的优势并专注于此。 【联想】　表示“集中精力于”的短语还有： focus on； fix/focus one’s mind/attention on ．．． 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①You must concentrate your attention on what you are doing． ②We must concentrate our efforts on improving （improve） education． ③I suggest you turn off your mobile phone to avoid distractions and improve your concentration （concentrate） during study． 【写美】　完成句子 ④The confusing matters make him unable to concentrate on his study． 那么多烦心事使他无法专心学习。 阅读词汇清障 Ⅰ．一词多义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思 1.examine A．v．审查；考查 B．v．考，测验（某人） C．v．（仔细）检查 ①The detective examined the crime scene inch by inch， hoping to find some clues．　　A　 ②（2023•新课标Ⅱ卷）The researchers then examined these submissions， coding （编码） experiences into different categories．　　C　 ③The students will be examined in all subjects at the end of the term．　　B　 2.spot A．n．圆点；斑点 B．n．地点；现场　C．vt．发现 ①（2022•新高考Ⅰ卷）I looked around and finally spotted David，who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence．　　C　 ②He showed me the exact spot where he had asked Alice to marry him．　　B　 ③All apples with spots were rejected．　　A　 Ⅱ．熟词生义 根据语境写出加蓝词的词性和含义 1.Here’s a useful trick for quickly memorizing new words：create associations with things you’re familiar with．　n．窍门；技法 2.Barbecues are a favourite way of entertaining friends．　v．招待；款待 重点句型解构 ◇句型公式：强调句： It is/was＋被强调成分＋that/who＋句子其他成分 教材原句　Although it’s the doctors and nurses who will treat her injury， it’s my job to make her feel better．尽管为她治疗伤痛的是医生和护士，但让她的心情变好则是我的工作。 【用法】 句中it’s the doctors and nurses who ．．．为强调句。 （1）强调句的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调成分＋that/who＋句子其他成分。 （2）强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it ＋被强调成分＋that/who＋句子其他成分？ （3）强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他成分？ （4）被强调成分表示“人”时可用who或that，表示“事物”时用that。 （5）not ．．．until ．．．结构的强调句：It is/was not until ．．．that ．．． 【佳句】　（人教选必一） If it is ocean entertainment that you are looking for， come to Chimelong Ocean Kingdom! 如果你想找的是海洋类娱乐，就来长隆海洋王国吧! 【点津】　强调句与定语从句的区别： （1）强调句的特点：去掉it is/was和that/who后，句子结构仍然完整，且意义清楚。 （2）时间、地点状语前是否有介词是判断这两种句式的关键。 【写美】　微写作 ①直到那时他才意识到没有比友谊更重要的事情了。　（主旨升华） It was not until then that he realized there was nothing more important than friendship． ②结果，是一位受过良好教育的学生与我们分享他在地震灾区的志愿者经历。　（活动介绍） As a result， it was a well－educated student who shared with us his volunteer experience in the quake－hit area． ③是你在我特别困难的时候给予了我鼓励和支持。　（感谢信） It was you who/that gave me encouragement and support when I was in great difficulty． ④我相信正是通过大量阅读你才能有效提高你的写作水平。　（建议信） I believe it is through extensive reading that you can effectively improve your writing skills． 维度一：品句填词 1.Our every emotion and mood （心情） can be conveyed precisely with the use of facial expressions and body language． 2.Long curly （卷曲的） hair has always been popular since ancient times． 3.The circus （马戏团） failed to satisfy the children’s hope， for there was no elephant． 4.A month before my first marathon， one of my ankles （脚踝） was injured and this meant I couldn’t run for the next two weeks． 5.The doctor is examining Lin Tao，my fellow student， for possible heart disease． 6.If the neighbors do not give any sweets， the children might play a trick on them． 维度二：词形转换 1.In the park， some people keep themselves amused by taking part in various amusements．（amuse） 2.The government said it was studying the implications， which required very careful examination （examine）． 3.The worker’s careless work made him lose face in front of his employer （employ）． 4.She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not be used for entertainment （entertain）． 5.Though advertisements （advertise） are of great help， I don’t think we should completely rely on them to find a suitable product． 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1.More often than not （通常）， people tend to choose convenience over quality when shopping online． 2.We tried several methods to open the jar， but it was the rubber glove that finally did the trick （奏效）．　 3.Other types of cries， including calls of animals in pain （在痛苦中）， fail to get the same response． 4.The beautiful park， where we can enjoy the fresh air （在那里我们可以呼吸新鲜空气）， is a popular place for locals． 5.It was in this summer camp that （正是在这次夏令营中） I learned how to cooperate and share with others． 6.Considering every aspect of the matter （全面考虑这个问题） is essential to us． 7.It is the ability to do a great job （干得好） that is important， not where you come from or who you are． Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 　　（2026•四川成都期中）Humour has long been recognized for its positive effects， even in the darkest times．Laughter serves as a bridge， helping individuals get through pain．This is shown in Amy Herzog’s new play， Mary Jane．The play balances humour and heartbreak， providing a fresh idea on the trials of care giving and the strength of the human spirit． 　　Mary Jane tells the story of a single mother who raises her disabled son， Alex．The play explores friendship， unconditional mother love， and hope and despair．Despite all the challenges she faces， Mary Jane’s life is filled with humour， offering the audience brief respites （喘息） from her emotional trouble． 　　The play focuses on the characters’ emotional and psychological experiences rather than the physical presence of Alex who is mostly hidden from the audience．This is achieved by showing the influence of Alex’s condition through the eyes of those who care for him．The audience feels the weight of his absence and his various needs， which take up most of Mary Jane’s life．Mary Jane tries hard to meet the demands of her job while managing her son’s constant medical needs．Her interactions with the supporting characters show the importance of community support and humour that help her fight with her daily struggles．One of the most moving parts of the play is that of Mary Jane’s interactions with other mothers of disabled children．They exchange advice， encourage and entertain each other with humour． 　　Norman Cousins， a professor， recorded his recovery from a severe illness through daily laughter．Cousins discovered that ten minutes of genuine laughter had an anesthetic （麻醉的） effect and gave him at least two hours of pain－free sleep．His findings show humour’s physical and psychological benefits． 　　Research also supports the importance of laughter and humour， showing that it can reduce stress， improve mood and resilience．Humour positively and directly affects people’s health．This indicates that humour could buffer against stress and improve overall mental health． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章以剧本《Mary Jane》为例，论述了幽默在应对生活挑战、减轻压力、改善情绪方面的作用，并引用Norman Cousins的例子和研究结果进一步强调了幽默的重要性。 1.What is the purpose of the text？（　　） A．To advertise a new play． B．To provide humour in our daily lives． C．To introduce the way to be humorous． D．To emphasize the importance of humour． 解析：D　推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其第一段和最后一段可推知，文章主要是强调幽默的重要性。 2.Which words can describe Mary Jane？（　　） A．Careful and friendly． B．Loyal and hardworking． C．Strong and humorous． D．Curious and sensitive． 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的Despite all the challenges she faces ．．．from her emotional trouble．以及第三段中的Mary Jane tries hard to meet ．．．constant medical needs．可知，Mary Jane在面对生活的重重困难时，依然保持幽默，且努力应对各种需求，说明她很坚强且幽默。 3.What can we learn from the play？（　　） A．The audience seldom see Alex in the play． B．Mary Jane has no friends． C．Mary Jane never goes out to work． D．Mary Jane has a considerate husband． 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，观众在剧中很少看到Alex。 4.How do we know about Norman Cousins？（　　） A．He interacts with other mothers of disabled children． B．The community helps him a lot． C．He has a balanced diet． D．He recovers from his illness by laughing a lot． 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句可知，Norman Cousins通过大量大笑从疾病中恢复。 B 　　A new study gives “funny or die” a whole new meaning．Published in April in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine， the research found that women with a strong sense of humour tend to live longer — even when they get sick， especially from heart disease or infections．For men， having a joyful personality also helped protect against infections． 　　Norwegian researchers followed 53，556 women and men over 15 years．They wanted to see if a sense of humour could affect how long people live．The team used a detailed questionnaire to measure different parts of humour — like how people think， socialize， and feel about funny situations．They then looked at deaths from several diseases， including heart disease， infections， cancer， and lung disease． 　　The results showed that women who scored high in the “thinking” part of humour had： 　　•A 48% lower risk of dying from any cause， 　　•A 73% lower risk of dying from heart disease， 　　•And an 83% lower risk of dying from infections． 　　For men， the benefit was only seen in infections — those with high humour scores had a 74% lower risk of dying from them．Researchers think this difference between men and women might be because men’s sense of humour slightly decreased as they got older．Also， the social and emotional parts of humour didn’t show any clear effect on how long people lived． 　　According to Sven Svebak， a professor who co－authored the study， the thinking part of humour is a stable personality trait （特性）．It affects how people understand everyday events．This can help reduce social conflicts and stress and prevent stress hormones like cortisol（皮质醇） from rising too much．When cortisol stays high for a long time， it weakens the immune system． 　　Although genes partly decide our sense of humour， it’s also shaped by life experiences．Svebak says children who don’t see adults using humour to deal with problems may not use it themselves when they grow up．But don’t worry if your childhood wasn’t filled with laughter — studies show it’s never too late to learn to laugh at life’s absurdities （荒谬）． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，幽默感有助于延长寿命，女性受益更显著，男性可降低感染死亡风险，幽默感可后天培养。 5.How did the researchers carry out their study？（　　） A．By assigning tasks． B．By doing an interview． C．By doing field research． D．By designing questions． 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的The team used a detailed questionnaire ．．．feel about funny situations．可知，研究人员通过设计问题开展这项研究。 6.Which part of humour has clearly affected people’s life according to the study？（　　） A．The social part．　 B．The cultural part． C．The thinking part．　 D．The emotional part． 解析：C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的According to Sven Svebak ．．．rising too much．可知，幽默的思维部分显然对人们的生活产生了影响。 7.What can be inferred about our sense of humour according to Svebak？（　　） A．Genes alone play a key role． B．It can be acquired when we grow up． C．It must be developed since childhood． D．It is rarely shaped by life experiences． 解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Although genes partly decide ．．．when they grow up．可知，幽默感是在我们成长过程中逐渐习得的。 8.What can be a suitable title for the text？（　　） A．Laugh Lots， Live Longer B．Art of Growing Young C．The Best Medicine for Us D．Be Funny or Die Young 解析：A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，一项研究发现，幽默感有助于延长寿命，女性受益更显著，男性可降低感染死亡风险，幽默感可后天培养。因此，A项（多欢笑，寿命更长久）适合作为文章标题。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五 　　（2026•河南濮阳期中）To be funny is not just talent but a skill that can be learned．Many people believe humour is natural．Research， however， shows that funny people actually practice techniques．Being funny matters．9.　　 Yet most common advice on humour sounds vague （含糊的）．Suggestions like “listen carefully” or “be surprising” leave people wondering how to use them in real life．Fortunately， researchers and comedians have provided practical strategies． 　　One of the easiest techniques is to give the opposite answer to yes/no questions．When people expect “yes”， a sudden “no” creates surprise and laughter．The magic is that the moment you give the opposite answer， you have surprised your audience， so they laugh.10.　　 　　The Rule of 3 is another useful method.11.　　 For example， “I love hot dogs， hamburgers， and handsome men．” The break in pattern catches attention and creates humour．Similarly， switching character roles in a story can also work．If the “serious” person suddenly acts silly， or the “weak” one becomes powerful， the change surprises the audience． 　　12.　　 Jokes may fail if the punchline （妙语） is weak， but true experiences are relatable．That is why many comedians collect daily observations and later share them．If the story is not funny， it still has meaning； if it is funny， the effect is even stronger．In daily life， you can do the same： note down things that made you laugh and retell them naturally in conversation． 　　Finally， humour is also about attitude．When you are asked an awkward question， turning it into humour shows confidence．Even a simple word like “whatever” can shift the focus and make others laugh.13.　　 Anyone can become funnier through practice． A．Then you can move on to your real story． B．In short， humour is not a gift for only a few． C．The real－life stories are often funnier than jokes． D．It explains why they often make their jokes funny． E．Practicing humour requires observing others’ mistakes carefully． F．It builds a pattern with two normal items and ends with something unexpected． G．It makes conversations easier， creates connection， and often reduces awkwardness． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了幽默不仅是天赋，更是可习得的技能，并介绍了制造幽默的实用策略及幽默态度的重要性。 9.G　上文Being funny matters．说明了幽默很重要。G项（它能让对话更轻松，建立联系，还能经常减少尴尬）详细列举了幽默的三个好处，解释了“幽默为何重要”，承接上文，符合语境。 10.A　上文介绍了对是非题给出相反答案的技巧，指出当人们期待“是”的时候，突然的“不是”会带来惊喜和笑声。A项（然后你就可以继续讲你的真实故事了）说明使用该技巧后的后续动作，承接上文，符合语境。 11.F　上文提到“三法则”是另一种有用的方法，下文举例说明了该法则的具体应用。本空应解释“三法则”的核心原理，F项（它通过两个常规事物建立模式，最后以意想不到的东西结束）准确概括了“三法则”的逻辑，与下文例子完美契合，符合语境。 12.C　根据下文内容可知，如果不精彩，笑话可能会失败，但真实的经历能引起共鸣。本空应总述“真实故事”与“笑话”的对比，C项（真实的故事往往比笑话更有趣）直接点明核心观点，引起下文，符合语境。 13.B　下文提到任何人都可以通过练习变得更幽默，B项（简而言之，幽默并不是少数人的天赋）能引出下文“任何人都能通过练习掌握”的观点，承接上文，符合语境。 Ⅲ．语法填空 　　（2026•浙江杭州期中） Air pollution is no doubt a pressing challenge 14.　　　　　　 many major cities face around the world．More than 80% of people living in urban areas 15.　　　　　　 （expose） to unsafe air， according to a report 16.　　　　　　 （deliver） by the World Health Organization． 　　“Urban air pollution continues to rise at 17.　　　　　　 alarming rate， doing great harm to human health，” said Dr．Maria Neira， the director of Public Health and Environmental Policy at the WHO．“At the same time， 18.　　　　　　 （aware） is rising and more cities are monitoring their air quality．” 　　In the past two years， the number of cities monitoring air pollution 19.　　　　　 （double） — now covering about 3，000 cities in 103 countries．The WHO warned of the serious effects poor air quality could have 20.　　　　　　 the health of urban residents， 21.　　　　　　 （link） it to the risk of strokes， heart disease， lung cancer and many other diseases． 　　The report also showed that low－ and middle－income countries generally have 22.　　　　　　 （poor） air quality．About 98% of cities with 100，000 or more people in low－ and middle－income countries do not meet WHO air quality guidelines， while 56% in high－income countries fail to meet the standard．The report also urged local governments to take strong and 23.　　　　　　 （effect） measures to fight against air pollution． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球许多大城市面临的空气污染这一紧迫挑战，以及空气污染的危害、不同收入国家的空气质量差异，同时呼吁地方政府采取措施应对空气污染。 14.which/that　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词challenge指物，在定语从句中作宾语。故填which/that。 15.are exposed　考查动词时态和语态。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语More than 80% of people和expose之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，be动词用are。故填are exposed。 16.delivered　考查非谓语动词。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词report，deliver和report为逻辑上的动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填delivered。 17.an　考查冠词。rate为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且alarming的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 18.awareness　考查名词。空处需填名词作主语，awareness意为“意识”，表抽象概念，是不可数名词。故填awareness。 19.has doubled　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In the past two years可知，应用现在完成时，主语为the number of cities，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has doubled。 20.on　考查介词。have effects on为固定短语，意为“对……有影响”。故填on。 21.linking　考查非谓语动词。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，The WHO和link为逻辑上的主谓关系，需填动词－ing形式作结果状语。故填linking。 22.poorer　考查形容词比较级。空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词air quality，结合语境可知，此处表示“较差的”，需填形容词比较级。故填poorer。 23.effective　考查形容词。修饰名词measures，需用形容词作定语。故填effective。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $