内容正文:
Unit 5 First Aid
Period 1 Reading and Thinking教学设计
教学基本信息
单元名称
选择性必修第二册Unit 5 First Aid
学科
英语
学段
高中
年级
高二第一学期
主要教材
书名:普通高中教科书·英语选择性必修第二册
出版社:人民教育出版社 出版日期:2019年11月
课时安排
2课时(80min)
课型
读思课
教学设计理念
本课践行英语学习活动观,依托“人与自我—健康生活、安全救护”主题语境,以烧伤急救事理说明文为载体,设计“学习理解—应用实践—迁移创新”三层递进学习活动。以语篇为核心,训练预测、略读、扫读、信息对比辨析等阅读策略;落实英语学科四大核心素养。学生通过阅读获取皮肤功能、烧伤成因、烧伤分级特征、烧伤急救处置等知识,纠正生活中错误急救常识,树立安全救护意识;借助表格梳理、正误判断、情境判断、分层输出任务,引导学生读懂说明文的文本特征(小标题、主题句、逻辑说明);突出学生主体地位,设置分层任务,兼顾不同学情,实现从文本信息获取到真实急救情境迁移,实现语言学习与生命安全教育融合。
教材分析
【What】本篇是一篇事理说明文,主题为烧伤急救。文章使用小标题清晰划分板块,依次介绍皮肤的功能、烧伤的成因、三种等级烧伤的特征、烧伤急救处理措施。大量使用主题句统领段落,逻辑清晰;既有客观事实说明,也纠正常见民间急救误区(涂抹黄油、油处理烧伤)。文本包含急救类主题词汇,是训练说明文阅读、获取信息、辨别正误的典型语篇。
【Why】本单元主题为急救。本课承接单元主题,学生通过阅读掌握烧伤相关急救知识,辨别生活中错误处理方式,提升应急避险与救护意识;同时学习说明文借助小标题、主题句组织信息的写作特点,为后续单元急救类听说、写作积累语言素材。
【How】本课遵循“话题导入—读前预测—略读把握框架—精读抓取细节—语言内化—情境迁移输出”教学路径;充分利用文本小标题开展阅读,设置正误判断、简答、表格梳理、情境任务、分层写作,所有练习配备参考答案,实现读、思、练、输出一体化。
学情分析
1.What I know(已知)
①学生已经接触过部分急救常识,知道 CPR、流鼻血处理等简单急救。
②具备说明文基础阅读能力;认识基础身体、伤害类词汇。
③对于烧伤分级、专业烧伤急救步骤了解有限,生活中存在不少错误急救认知。
2.What I want to know(未知)
①皮肤在人体中的重要功能。
②烧伤有哪些成因、一级 / 二级 / 三级烧伤各自的典型特征。
③烧伤的正确急救步骤,区分哪些做法是错误急救。
④掌握说明文小标题、主题句的阅读策略。
⑤能够在模拟真实意外情境下用英语描述烧伤、说明急救措施。
3.What I will learn(学后达成)
主题层面:掌握烧伤急救知识,分辨常见错误急救方法,树立安全救护意识。
语言层面:掌握 burn,barrier,swollen,blister,tissue 等急救主题词汇;掌握说明文阅读策略,能借助小标题快速定位信息。
思维层面:训练信息筛选、对比辨析、逻辑归纳能力。
素养层面:懂得珍爱生命,建立面对意外伤害冷静处理的意识。
教学目标
语言能力
1.阅读:能运用预测、略读、扫读策略,借助小标题快速定位信息;读懂烧伤急救说明文,获取皮肤功能、烧伤成因、不同等级烧伤特征、急救措施;能够完成正误判断、简答、信息表格梳理。
2.词汇:掌握 barrier,poison,swollen,blister,tissue,nerve 等主题词汇,能在句子、语段语境识别、运用。
3.输出:基础层能够借助文本框架复述烧伤类型与急救要点;提升层可以在模拟情境下用英语简单描述烧伤并写出完整急救流程。
学习能力
掌握“看标题/小标题预测内容—略读抓框架—扫读定位细节”的说明文阅读策略;通过小组合作完成信息梳理、情境辨析,学会利用表格整理碎片化文本信息。
文化意识
学习科学急救知识,破除民间错误急救误区;树立安全防护意识,懂得珍爱生命,遇到意外伤害冷静科学处置。
思维品质
通过正误辨析、对比一/二/三度烧伤特征,训练对比、归纳、批判性思维;能够区分正确、错误急救处理方式,理性看待生活中流传的急救偏方。
教学重难点
教学重点
1.获取文本信息:皮肤功能、烧伤成因、三类烧伤的特征、烧伤急救步骤。
2.说明文阅读策略:利用小标题、主题句梳理篇章信息;掌握急救主题核心词汇。
教学难点
1.准确区分一、二、三级烧伤不同临床表现;理解为什么部分民间处理烧伤的做法是错误的。
将文本中学到的急救语言知识迁移到模拟真实意外情境中口头、书面输出。
教学资源
课件PPT、黑板、白板
教学活动设计
教学过程
活动形式及步骤
活动意图
时间
学习理解
Activity 1 Lead in(导入)话题导入,头脑风暴
教师通过PPT展示生活中出现的紧急事故图片,抛出课堂讨论问题:
Q1: What first-aid skills do you already know?
预设学生回答:CPR; mouth‑to‑mouth artificial respiration; the Heimlich Manoeuvre
Q2: If you get a nosebleed, what should you do?
预设学生回答:If I get a nosebleed, I will sit down, tilt my head forward slightly. Don’t tilt my head backward.
激活学生已有急救背景知识,制造认知冲突,引出本课烧伤急救主题。
5min
Activity 2 Pre-reading 读前预测
Task1. 看课文标题First Aid for Burns,观察文章内部的小标题,预测文章会涉及哪几方面内容。
Q: What aspects will the text talk about according to the small headings?
参考答案:The text talks about causes of burns; types of burns; characteristics of burns; first-aid treatment for burns.
Task2:文本类型预测:What is the text type?
A.Narrative writing(记叙文)
B.Expository writing(说明文)
C.Argumentative writing(议论文)
参考答案:B
教师点拨阅读策略:说明文中小标题可以帮助我们快速找到段落信息。
训练读前预测阅读策略,熟悉文本体裁与篇章结构。
4min
Activity 3 Skimming 略读,判断正误。
学生快速浏览全文,完成True or False,依据课文内容判断,学案呈现题目:
1.Your skin gives you protection from many dangerous things. ( )
2.A first-degree burn has this name because it is the most serious. ( )
3.Second-degree burns can be the most painful kind of burn. ( )
4.It is important to use cool water to stop the heat from remaining in the wound regardless of the degree of the burn. ( )
5.Putting butter or oil on burns helps because it may reduce swelling and ease discomfort. ( )
参考答案:1.T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F
教师追问:Why is putting butter or oil wrong?
参考答案:Butter or oil keeps heat inside the wound and may cause infection.
活动意图:快速整体感知文本,纠正典型的民间急救误区;训练学生快速检索信息能力。
8min
Activity 4 Careful reading精读,主旨简答
Task1.学生细读文本,根据小标题完成问答任务。
1.How many topics are talked about by the small headings? What are they?
参考答案:Four. Causes of burns; Types of burns; Characteristics of burns; First‑aid treatment.
2.Why should you put cool water on a burn?
参考答案:Because the cool water stops the burning process, stops the pain and reduces the swelling.
3.Why doesn’t a third-degree burn hurt?
参考答案:Because in the third-degree burn the nerves have been damaged. If there are no nerves, there is no pain.
4.Why should clothes near burns be removed?
参考答案:Because bacteria from the clothes could infect the burns.
5.If someone has a third-degree burn, why might you see tissue?
参考答案:Because all the layers of the skin have been burnt showing the tissue underneath.
Task2.精读Paragraph1,填空(皮肤的功能)
Read paragraph1 and fill in the blanks.
1.Paragraph one is mainly about the ____________of skin.
参考答案:functions
2.What are the functions of skin?
Acts as a___________ against diseases, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays.
____________ controls body temperature.
__________you from losing water.
Gives you the ________of cold, heat or pain and the ________of touch.
参考答案:barrier;Helps;Prevent;feeling;sense
Task 3仔细阅读Paragraph2,梳理烧伤成因与分类。
1.What are the causes of burns?
参考答案:hot liquids; fire; radiation; the sun; electricity; acids; or other chemicals.
2.How many types of burns are there?
There are_________ types of burns, which are called the first, second and third_________ burns, depending on which__________ of the skin are burned.
参考答案:three;degree;layers
依托小标题定位精读,抓取核心事实信息,梳理文章主体知识;落实重点词汇。
13min
Activity 5 合作探究:三类烧伤特征表格梳理
Task 1.小组 4 人合作,回到课文找到不同等级烧伤特征,完成表格填空。
Items
First-degree burns
Second-degree burns
Third-degree burns
Layers affected
affect only the _____layer of skin
affect both the top and _______layer of skin
affect all ______layers of skin and tissue under the skin
Appearance
dry, red and mildly ___;
turns ______ when pressed
______, red and swollen; blisters; watery surface
black and white; tissue underneath can be seen; swollen
Pain level
_______
painful
extremely painful
little or no____ if nerves are damaged; may be painful around the edge of the injured area
参考答案:top;second;three;swollen;white;rough;Mildly;pain
Task2.小组核对答案,教师重点点拨:三级烧伤神经被破坏,反而痛感微弱,属于危险信号。
活动意图:用表格对比梳理碎片化信息,训练学生对比归纳思维,突破本课难点:区分三类烧伤特征。
12min
应用实践
Activity 6 语言点操练:单句与语段填空。
Task1. 重点短语翻译练习。
1.act as a barrier _____________________________
2.prevent…from doing… ______________________________
3.depend on ______________________________
4.remove…from… ______________________________
5.be damaged ______________________________
参考答案
1. 充当一道屏障
2. 阻止……做某事
3. 取决于;依靠
4. 把……从……移除
5. 受到损坏
Task2. 短文语法填空(复现课文话题,综合运用本节课词汇)
Skin is our body’s important 1.____________ (organ). It acts 2.____________ a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays. Our skin can help 3.____________ (control) our body temperature and prevent us from 4.____________ (lose) water.
Burns can 5.____________(cause) by hot liquids, fire, electricity, chemicals and so on. There are three types of burns 6.____________ (depend) on which layers of skin are burned. First-degree burns are only on the top layer, 7.____________ (feel) mildly painful. Second-degree burns are extremely painful, with 8.____________ (blister) and watery surfaces. Third-degree burns are the most serious, in 9.____________nerves may be damaged.
When we get burns, cool water can stop the burning process and reduce 10.____________ (swelling). Never put butter or oil on burns, for it will hold heat and cause infection.
参考答案
1.organ 2. as 3. (to) control 4. losing 5. be caused
6. depending 7. feeling 8. blisters 9. which 10. swelling
落实本课重点词汇、语法;在完整语段巩固阅读输入内容,实现语言内化。
12min
Activity 7 真实情境判断小组思辨
Task1.创设生活意外场景,小组判断下面做法是否正确,并结合课文给出理由。
Case1. Tom touches a hot iron and gets burns on his hands. His mother puts
some butter on the wounds right away.
Case2. A girl gets second-degree burns. People use cool clean water
to cool down her wound.
Case3. A boy suffers third-degree burns. His classmates try to pull
off the clothes stuck to his burn area.
参考解析
Case1. Wrong. Butter keeps heat inside and may lead to infection.
Case2. Right. Cool water stops the burning process, relieves pain and reduces swelling.
Case3. Wrong. If clothes stick to burns, pulling them off will hurt skin tissue.
Task2.每组选一个案例进行口头展示,必须使用本课学到词汇。
文本知识迁移到生活情境,训练批判性思维,落实本课文本育人价值。
8min
Activity 8 课堂微写作
真实情境:假如你的家庭成员在厨房意外中被烫伤。请介绍烧伤的特征及急救步骤。
注意:学生写作时间:8 min;教师巡视,挑选两份不同层次习作投影点评,点评重点:词汇使用、急救知识是否准确。
基础层(全体必做)
要求
1.词数 70词左右。
2.至少使用4个本课阅读课学到的主题词汇(barrier, swell, blister, tissue, nerve 任选)。
3.能够写清:判断烧伤等级,用2‑3条正确急救做法。
基础层参考范文
If someone gets burned, first we should judge the type of burn. For second-degree burns, the skin becomes swollen with blisters. Cool water is helpful, which can stop the burning process and reduce swelling. Remember never to put butter or oil on wounds, because it may cause infection. If it is a third-degree burn, the nerves may be damaged. We should not pull off the stuck clothing and should call for professional medical help quickly.
提升层(选做)
要求
1.词数 90‑120词。
2.使用不少于6个本课主题词汇。
3.完整说明皮肤的功能,区分三类烧伤简单特征;完整有序写出急救流程。
4.适当使用分词、定语从句丰富句式;逻辑连贯。
提升层参考范文
Our skin acts as an important barrier protecting our body. Once people get burned, we need to tell different types of burns apart. First-degree burns affect only the top layer while third-degree burns may damage nerves and tissue underneath.
When dealing with burns, use cool running water to stop heat and ease pain. Never apply butter or oil, for they will keep heat inside and bring infection. If it is a serious third-degree burn, do not remove clothes sticking to wounds and we must send the patient to the hospital as soon as possible.
创设厨房烧伤真实生活情境;分层任务适配不同学生水平;将阅读获取的主题知识、语言点进行书面迁移输出。
13min
Activity 9 Summary 课堂复盘
课堂小结
师生借助思维导图复盘本节课:
1.知识:皮肤功能;三类烧伤特征;正确烧伤急救,拒绝民间偏方;
2.阅读策略:说明文小标题、主题句快速定位信息;
3.词汇:barrier,swollen,blister,tissue,nerve 等急救词汇。
巩固课堂阅读所得,课内向课外迁移,分层兼顾全体学生。
5min
迁移创新
Activity 10分层课后作业
创设真实跨文化交际情境,迁移课堂所学语言与思维,分层设计兼顾全体学生,实现课内向课外延伸。
10min
本节课作业二选一,为分层作业,难度有所区别。
学校英语报专栏 First Aid in Daily Life 正在征集稿件。日常生活中,我们可能遇到小意外,如擦伤、摔伤、烫伤或有人突然晕倒。请你投稿,分享一次生活中的急救经历或介绍基本急救处理方法,提醒同学们学会冷静应对突发情况。
基础层写作要求:
1.介绍一次身边的小意外。
2.写出 2—3 条简单急救处理。
3.说明学习急救的重要性。
4.必须使用本课至少4个词块/句型
基础层写作参考答案:
First Aid in Daily Life
Last week, my classmate fell down in the PE class and hurt her knee. I stayed calm and helped her sit down first. I cleaned the wound and put a bandage on it to prevent it from getting worse. Finally, our teacher called the school doctor.
From this experience, I learned that a knowledge of first aid can help us deal with small accidents. If we can react quickly, we may make a big difference in an emergency.
提升层写作要求:
1.简述生活中可能遇到的意外。
2.说明现场急救步骤。
3.分析不懂急救的风险。
4.呼吁同学们学习急救知识。
5.必须使用本课至少5个词块/句型,逻辑连贯。
提升层写作参考答案:
First Aid in Daily Life
In daily life, we may suddenly be faced with small accidents, such as falls, burns or fainting. If someone gets injured, it is important to stay calm first. We can give first aid by cleaning wounds, pressing the bleeding area or moving the person to a safe place. If the situation is serious, we should call an ambulance immediately.
A knowledge of first aid can prevent an accident from becoming worse. It can really make a difference when every second counts. Therefore, we should learn basic first aid skills and be prepared for emergencies.
板书设计
Unit 5 First Aid
Reading and Thinking
教学反思
亮点
1.严格落实英语学习活动观,完整任务链:导入→预测→略读→精读→表格梳理→语段练习→情境思辨→分层输出,课堂流程完整流畅。
2.所有习题、任务均来自课文原素材,全部配备参考答案,课堂实操方便;创设生活意外伤害真实情境,语言学习和生命安全教育融合,落实育人目标。
3.分层任务要求清晰,基础层保证掌握核心知识词汇,提升层鼓励丰富句式,兼顾学困生与学优生。
4.突出说明文阅读策略教学,教学生利用小标题定位信息,训练对比辨析、批判性思维,纠正错误急救常识。
不足
1.小组思辨讨论时间有限,部分内向学生缺少表达机会。
2.部分学生容易混淆二级、三级烧伤的特征,书面输出时急救步骤顺序容易写乱。
3.课堂写作时间有限,不能批改全部学生的作品。
改进
1.小组实行分工制:记录员、发言人,保证每位学生参与思考;课后布置小组录音任务,录制简短急救英文介绍。
2.学案增加烧伤特征对比记忆小清单,帮助学生区分一、二、三级烧伤;下节课开篇集中讲评高频错误。
3.鼓励学有余力同学课外拓展其他急救英文素材,拓展单元主题。
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