Unit 8 Then and now单元语法专项-2026-2027学年上学期英语六年级上册（译林版三起新教材）

**基本信息** 聚焦一般过去时与现在时对比，以规则总结-易错警示-分层训练构建系统性语法突破体系，强化时态辨析与应用能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |核心语法总结|6大知识点+3表格|时态对比四要素（用途/标志词/动词形式/句型）、动词变化规则分类、6大易错点警示|从概念对比到规则细化（三单/过去式变化），再到句型结构与固定搭配，形成"概念-规则-应用"逻辑链| |专项练习题|10类题型（含短文填空/情景交际）|时态辨析三步法（看时间标志→判时态→选动词形式）、句型转换公式化（否定/疑问/提问）|从基础动词变形到综合语用，覆盖"单句填空-改错-改写-语篇应用"能力层级，贴合单元复习需求|

Unit 8 Then and now单元语法专项-2026-2027学年上学期 英语六年级上册（译林版三起新教材） 第一部分 单元核心语法知识点总结 一、一般过去时与一般现在时对比核心概念 本单元是一般过去时的复习单元，核心任务是对比描述过去和现在的生活变化，用一般过去时谈论过去的生活，用一般现在时谈论现在的生活。 时态 用途 时间标志词 动词形式 一般现在时 描述现在经常做的事、现在的状态 now, these days, often, sometimes, usually 动词原形 / 第三人称单数（-s/-es） 一般过去时 描述过去发生的事、过去的状态 in the past, ... ago, then, long ago, yesterday, last... 动词过去式（规则加 - ed / 不规则变化） 教材原句对比示例： - In the past, I wrote letters. Now I chat with them on the internet. - In the past, I worked in an office. These days, I sometimes work from home. - Twenty years ago, I went to shops and paid in cash. Now I often shop online and pay on my smartphone. 二、一般现在时第三人称单数变化规则 当主语是 he / she / it 或单数名词时，一般现在时动词要加 -s 或 -es。 变化规则 动词原形 第三人称单数 一般直接加 -s work, chat, shop, pay works, chats, shops, pays 以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾加 -es go, do, watch, wash goes, does, watches, washes 以辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -es study, fly, carry studies, flies, carries 不规则变化 have, be has, is 三、一般过去时动词变化规则 A 规则变化（加 -ed） 变化规则 动词原形 过去式 一般直接加 -ed work, walk, chat, cook, play worked, walked, chatted, cooked, played 以 e 结尾加 -d live, use, like, dance lived, used, liked, danced 以辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -ed study, carry, worry studied, carried, worried 重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加 -ed stop, shop, plan stopped, shopped, planned B 本单元核心不规则动词（必背，出自教材） 原形 过去式 教材情景 write wrote 写信 write letters go went 去商店 go to shops pay paid 付现金 pay in cash buy bought 买机器人 buy a robot spend spent 花时间 spend time have had 开会 have meetings come came 回来 come back win won 赢棋 win every time read read 读书（拼写不变，发音变化） do did 做项目 do a project make made 使…… 干净 make ... clean get got 累 get tired 四、一般过去时句型结构（复习巩固） 句型 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 I worked in an office. 否定句 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 I didn't work in an office. 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Did you work in an office? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + did. Yes, I did. 否定回答 No, 主语 + didn't. No, I didn't. 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ What did you do in the past? ⚠️ 五、高频易错警示 1. 时态混用错误：描述过去用过去式，描述现在用现在时，不可混用。 错误：In the past, I write letters. 正确：In the past, I wrote letters. 错误：Now I shopped online. 正确：Now I shop online. 2. 第三人称单数漏加 s：一般现在时主语为 he/she/it 时，动词必须加 -s/-es。 错误：She chat on the internet. 正确：She chats on the internet. 3. 助动词后动词必须还原：否定句和疑问句中用了 didn't / did，后面动词必须用原形。 错误：He didn't went to the park. 正确：He didn't go to the park. 错误：Did you bought a robot? 正确：Did you buy a robot? 4. 不规则动词拼写准确：buy→bought, pay→paid, spend→spent, win→won 等不可随意加 ed。 错误：He buyed a robot. 正确：He bought a robot. 5. 时间标志词与时态匹配：看到 in the past / ... ago / then 用过去时；看到 now / these days / often 用现在时。 错误：Now I went to school by bus. 正确：Now I go to school by bus. 6. be 动词与实义动词不可连用：一个简单句中不能同时有 be 动词和实义动词原形作谓语。 错误：He was cook dinner. 正确：He cooked dinner. 六、单元核心固定搭配（语法常考搭配） 短语 中文 in the past 在过去 these days 如今；目前 twenty years ago 二十年前 two weeks ago 两周前 write letters 写信 chat on the internet 在网上聊天 spend a lot of time on the road 在路上花很多时间 high-speed trains 高铁 work from home 居家办公 have online meetings 开线上会议 shop online 网购 pay in cash 付现金 pay on my smartphone 用手机支付 do a project 做一个项目 play Chinese chess 下中国象棋 win every time 每次都赢 come back late 回来晚了 a robot helper 机器人助手 do chores 做家务 get tired 变累 第二部分 语法专项练习题 练习一 写出下列动词的过去式（基础夯实） A 规则变化 1. work ________ 2. walk ________ 3. chat ________ 4. cook ________ 5. play ________ 6. live ________ 7. use ________ 8. like ________ 9. study ________ 10. stop ________ 11. shop ________ 12. want ________ B 不规则变化 1. write ________ 2. go ________ 3. pay ________ 4. buy ________ 5. spend ________ 6. have ________ 7. come ________ 8. win ________ 9. read ________ 10. do ________ 11. make ________ 12. get ________ 练习二 用所给动词的适当形式填空（时态辨析·过去时vs现在时） 1. In the past, my grandpa ________ (write) letters to his friends. 2. Now he ________ (chat) with them on the internet. 3. These days, my mum sometimes ________ (work) from home. 4. Twenty years ago, my dad ________ (go) to shops and ________ (pay) in cash. 5. Now my dad often ________ (shop) online and ________ (pay) on his smartphone. 6. Two weeks ago, Bobby's parents ________ (buy) a robot from a shop. 7. The robot ________ (cook) a big dinner for Bobby's family. 8. The robot ________ (play) Chinese chess with Bobby and ________ (win) every time. 9. In the past, people ________ (spend) a lot of time on the road. 10. Now high-speed trains ________ (travel) very fast. 11. Look! The robot ________ (be) on the floor. What's wrong with it? 12. Long ago, there ________ (be) no phones or computers. 13. Now my grandmother ________ (use) a smartphone every day. 14. She sometimes ________ (write) emails to her old friends. 15. My grandmother and I often ________ (chat) on the internet. 16. Yesterday, I ________ (do) a project on life in the past and now. 17. The robot never ________ (get) tired. It ________ (do) a lot of chores. 18. Last week, I ________ (buy) a robot online. 19. It ________ (make) my house clean and tidy. 20. Now we ________ (have) a robot helper at home. 练习三 用 be 动词的适当形式（am / is / are / was / were）填空 1. In the past, there ________ no smartphones. 2. Now there ________ many different kinds of smartphones. 3. My grandpa ________ a teacher thirty years ago. 4. He ________ retired now. 5. — Where ________ you yesterday? — I ________ at home. 6. High-speed trains ________ very fast now. 7. The robot ________ very smart two weeks ago. 8. Now it ________ broken on the floor. 9. There ________ a lot of changes in our lives. 10. — ________ your mum at home now? — Yes, she ________. She ________ working from home today. 11. In the past, people ________ often late because of slow traffic. 12. These days, online meetings ________ very popular. 13. I ________ doing a project about changes in life now. 14. Last weekend, we ________ at the park and came back late. 15. The food the robot cooked ________ delicious. 练习四 句子改错（找出下列各句中的一处错误并改正） 1. In the past, I write letters to my friends. ________ 改为 ________ 2. Now my dad often shop online. ________ 改为 ________ 3. Did he bought a robot two weeks ago? ________ 改为 ________ 4. The robot didn't came back home. ________ 改为 ________ 5. She chat with her friends on the internet every day. ________ 改为 ________ 6. In the past, people payed in cash. ________ 改为 ________ 7. My mum work from home yesterday. ________ 改为 ________ 8. He was cook a big dinner for us. ________ 改为 ________ 9. Now high-speed trains travelled very fast. ________ 改为 ________ 10. The robot win every time when it played chess. ________ 改为 ________ 练习五 按要求改写句子（句型转换核心训练） 1. In the past, I wrote letters to my friends.（改为否定句） _____________________________________________________________________ 2. My dad shops online every week.（改为一般过去时，用 last year） _____________________________________________________________________ 3. The robot cooked a big dinner.（改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） _____________________________________________________________________ 4. He worked in an office in the past.（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________ 5. They went to the park yesterday.（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________ 6. Now I chat with my friends on the internet.（用 in the past 改写） _____________________________________________________________________ 7. Bobby's parents bought a robot two weeks ago.（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________ 8. The robot played Chinese chess with Bobby.（改为否定句） _____________________________________________________________________ 9. High-speed trains travel very fast.（用 in the past 改写为否定含义：In the past, trains...） _____________________________________________________________________ 10. My grandma uses a smartphone now.（改为一般疑问句） _____________________________________________________________________ 11. I did a project on life in the past and now.（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________ 12. There were no phones fifty years ago.（改为一般现在时） _____________________________________________________________________ 13. He paid in cash twenty years ago.（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________ 14. The robot makes my house clean.（用 yesterday 改写） _____________________________________________________________________ 15. We have online meetings these days.（用 in the past 改写为否定句） _____________________________________________________________________ 练习六 单项选择（语法辨析·易错点强化） （ ）1. In the past, my grandpa ____ letters to his friends. A. write B. writes C. wrote （ ）2. Now he ____ with them on the internet. A. chat B. chats C. chatted （ ）3. — ____ you buy a robot last week? — Yes, I did. A. Do B. Did C. Were （ ）4. The robot ____ a big dinner for us yesterday. A. cook B. cooks C. cooked （ ）5. Twenty years ago, people ____ in cash. A. pay B. pays C. paid （ ）6. These days, my mum sometimes ____ from home. A. work B. works C. worked （ ）7. He didn't ____ to the park yesterday. A. go B. goes C. went （ ）8. — What ____ you do last weekend? — I did a project. A. do B. did C. were （ ）9. The robot ____ Chinese chess with Bobby and won every time. A. play B. plays C. played （ ）10. Now high-speed trains ____ very fast. A. travel B. travels C. travelled （ ）11. Which of the following sentences is CORRECT? A. In the past, I write letters. B. Did he bought a robot? C. Now I often shop online. （ ）12. My grandma ____ a smartphone every day now. A. use B. uses C. used （ ）13. Two weeks ago, Bobby's parents ____ a robot from a shop. A. buy B. buys C. bought （ ）14. — ____ was your life like in the past? — I worked in an office every day. A. What B. How C. When （ ）15. There ____ no phones fifty years ago. A. is B. are C. were （ ）16. The robot never ____ tired. It does a lot of chores. A. get B. gets C. got （ ）17. — Did the robot come back home? — No, it ____. A. didn't B. doesn't C. wasn't （ ）18. In the past, people ____ a lot of time on the road. A. spend B. spends C. spent （ ）19. Which word has the same past form rule as "chat"? A. stop B. write C. go （ ）20. Now we ____ online meetings at home. A. have B. has C. had 练习七 根据汉语提示完成句子（汉译英语法输出） 1. 过去我写信，现在我在网上聊天。 In the past, I ________________ letters. Now I ________________ on the internet. 2. 二十年前，我爸爸去商店付现金。 Twenty years ago, my dad ________________ to shops and ________________ in cash. 3. 如今我妈妈有时居家办公。 These days, my mum sometimes ________________ from home. 4. 两周前，博比的父母买了一个机器人。 Two weeks ago, Bobby's parents ________________ a robot. 5. 机器人做了一顿丰盛的晚餐。 The robot ________________ a big dinner. 6. 现在高铁跑得很快。 Now high-speed trains ________________ very fast. 7. 过去没有手机。 In the past, there ________________ no phones. 8. 我奶奶现在用智能手机。 My grandma ________________ a smartphone now. 9. 机器人和博比下中国象棋，每次都赢。 The robot ________________ Chinese chess with Bobby and ________________ every time. 10. 我们现在有一个机器人助手。 We ________________ a robot helper now. 练习八 句型综合改写（灵活运用训练） 1. 将句子改为一般过去时：I shop online every week. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. 将句子改为一般现在时（主语 she）：He wrote emails yesterday. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. 同义句转换：In the past, I went to shops. Now I shop online.（用 There are changes... 开头改写） _____________________________________________________________________ 4. 将单数句改为复数句：He bought a robot last week. _____________________________________________________________________ 5. 用 now 改写句子：The robot cooked dinner for us. _____________________________________________________________________ 6. 对划线部分提问：My mum works from home these days. _____________________________________________________________________ 7. 用 in the past 改写句子：We have online meetings. _____________________________________________________________________ 8. 用 yesterday 改写句子：She doesn't pay in cash. _____________________________________________________________________练习九 短文填空（语法运用·用所给词的适当形式填空 共2篇） Passage 1（基础篇·贴合教材 Story time） Hi, I'm Wang Bing. I 1. _______ (do) a project on life in the past and now now. My grandpa 2. _______ (write) letters to his family and friends in the past. Now he 3. _______ (chat) with them on the internet. My grandma 4. _______ (spend) a lot of time on the road then. Now high-speed trains 5. _______ (travel) very fast. My mum 6. _______ (work) in an office in the past. These days, she sometimes 7. _______ (work) from home and 8. _______ (have) online meetings. My dad 9. _______ (go) to shops and 10. _______ (pay) in cash twenty years ago. Now he often 11. _______ (shop) online and 12. _______ (pay) on his smartphone. There 13. _______ (be) many changes in our lives. Passage 2（提升篇·贴合教材 Cartoon time 拓展） Two weeks ago, Bobby's parents 1. _______ (buy) a robot from a shop. The robot 2. _______ (be) very smart. It 3. _______ (can) do many things. The robot 4. _______ (cook) a big dinner for Bobby's family. They 5. _______ (like) the food very much. It also 6. _______ (play) Chinese chess with Bobby and 7. _______ (win) every time. One day, Bobby and his family 8. _______ (go) to the park. They 9. _______ (come) back late. When they got home, the house 10. _______ (be) messy. The robot 11. _______ (be) on the floor. It 12. _______ (be) broken. Now Bobby 13. _______ (think) the robot is not so smart. He 14. _______ (want) to fix it. 练习十 情景交际补全对话（语法+交际综合运用） 从方框中选择合适的句子补全对话，有两项多余。 ( A. What did you do in the past? B. Do you like your life now? C. What about your mum? D. How does technology change your life? E. Did you have a smartphone then? F. Now I chat with them on the internet. G. I often shop online and pay on my smartphone. ) A: Hi, Grandpa. I'm doing a project on life in the past and now. 1. ____ B: Sure. In the past, I wrote letters to my friends. 2. ____ A: That's a big change. 3. ____ B: No, I didn't. There were no smartphones at that time. A: 4. ____ B: Your mum worked in an office in the past. Now she works from home. A: 5. ____ B: Yes, I do. Technology makes our life easier and more colourful. 参考答案 练习一 写出下列动词的过去式 A 规则变化 1. worked 2. walked 3. chatted 4. cooked 5. played 6. lived 7. used 8. liked 9. studied 10. stopped 11. shopped 12. wanted B 不规则变化 1. wrote 2. went 3. paid 4. bought 5. spent 6. had 7. came 8. won 9. read 10. did 11. made 12. got 练习二 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. wrote 2. chats 3. works 4. went; paid 5. shops; pays 6. bought 7. cooked 8. played; won 9. spent 10. travel 11. is 12. were 13. uses 14. writes 15. chat 16. did 17. gets; does 18. bought 19. makes 20. have 练习三 用 be 动词的适当形式填空 1. were 2. are 3. was 4. is 5. were; was 6. are 7. was 8. is 9. are 10. Is; is; is 11. were 12. are 13. am 14. were 15. was 练习四 句子改错 1. write → wrote 2. shop → shops 3. bought → buy 4. came → come 5. chat → chats 6. payed → paid 7. work → worked 8. was cook → cooked 9. travelled → travel 10. win → won 练习五 按要求改写句子 1. In the past, I didn't write letters to my friends. 2. My dad shopped online last year. 3. Did the robot cook a big dinner? Yes, it did. 4. Where did he work in the past? 5. What did they do yesterday? 6. In the past, I chatted with my friends on the internet. 7. When did Bobby's parents buy a robot? 8. The robot didn't play Chinese chess with Bobby. 9. In the past, trains didn't travel very fast. 10. Does your grandma use a smartphone now? 11. What did you do? 12. There are phones now. 13. How did he pay twenty years ago? 14. The robot made my house clean yesterday. 15. In the past, we didn't have online meetings. 练习六 单项选择 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.A 20.A 练习七 根据汉语提示完成句子 1. wrote; chat 2. went; paid 3. works 4. bought 5. cooked 6. travel 7. were 8. uses 9. played; won 10. have 练习八 句型综合改写 1. I shopped online last week. 2. She writes emails every day. 3. There are changes in our shopping habits. In the past, we went to shops. Now we shop online. 4. They bought robots last week. 5. Now the robot cooks dinner for us. 6. What does your mum do these days? 7. In the past, we had online meetings. 8. She didn't pay in cash yesterday. 练习九 短文填空 Passage 1 1. am doing 2. wrote 3. chats 4. spent 5. travel 6. worked 7. works 8. has 9. went 10. paid 11. shops 12. pays 13. are Passage 2 1. bought 2. was 3. could 4. cooked 5. liked 6. played 7. won 8. went 9. came 10. was 11. was 12. was 13. thinks 14. wants 练习十 情景交际补全对话 1.D 2.F 3.E 4.C 5.B ( 第 1 页 共 16 页 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $