Unit 2 Great ideas 单元核心素养培优卷-2026 - 2027学年沪教版九年级英语上册

**基本信息** 沪教版九年级英语上册Unit 2“Great ideas”单元卷，以发明史、科技应用为情境载体，融合语言能力与思维品质培养，适配单元复习需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |完形填空|15/15|造纸术历史，考查时态/被动语态|以中国古代发明为素材，渗透文化传承| |阅读理解|20/40|自然现象、传说、动物情感研究，考查细节/推理|文本涵盖自然科学与人文故事，培养跨文化理解| |读写结合|25/25|纸币历史任务型阅读，火车发明书面表达|综合语言输出，衔接单元主题“伟大思想”|

2025-2026学年九年级英语上册单元核心素养培优卷沪教版（新教材） Unit 2 Great ideas 本试卷共10页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。 2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 4．考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读短文，掌握大意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Paper-making is one of the greatest ancient Chinese inventions. Thousands of years ago, people 1 write on bamboo slips. Those slips were heavy and hard to carry. Later, silk was used for writing, 2 it was too expensive for common people. Cai Lun tried many materials to create cheap writing paper. Lots of tests 3 by him. Finally, he made paper from tree bark, old cloth and fishing nets. This new kind of paper 4 widely soon. Paper changed the world greatly. Knowledge 5 by people more easily. Books could be made for more readers. Before paper was invented, few ordinary people could enjoy reading. With cheap paper, more people 6 to learn to read. Now paper is everywhere. It 7 for books, notebooks and paper bags. But today we also try to save paper. Waste paper 8 and reused to protect forests. We should remember the great invention and use paper 9 . Every small invention comes from hard work. New ideas 10 when people try to solve problems. We can also create useful things 11 we keep thinking. Many young students now 12 simple inventions in school competitions. Good inventions never stop. New kinds of paper 13 by scientists nowadays. Some paper can be planted into flowers after use. It 14 people to live a greener life. We believe more amazing inventions 15 in the future. 1．A．used to B．is used to C．was used to D．used for 2．A．and B．but C．so D．or 3．A．do B．did C．were done D．are done 4．A．accepts B．accepted C．was accepted D．is accepted 5．A．spread B．spreads C．is spread D．was spread 6．A．encourage B．encouraged C．were encouraged D．are encouraged 7．A．uses B．used C．is used D．was used 8．A．collects B．collected C．is collected D．was collected 9．A．wise B．wisely C．bad D．badly 10．A．produce B．are produced C．were produced D．will produce 11．A．if B．before C．though D．unless 12．A．take up B．come up with C．get on with D．run out of 13．A．create B．created C．are created D．were created 14．A．helps B．helped C．is helped D．was helped 15．A．make B．are made C．will make D．will be made 二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读以下三篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个与短文内容相符的最佳选项。 A “East wind brings rain; west wind brings fine.” People usually know about the weather by watching the weather report, which mainly depends on scientific facts and information models covering the whole world. In fact, there is another way to predict it. That is through watching nature carefully. Nature itself has lots of reporters. Reading atmospheric (大气层的) signs If thick circle black clouds gather high up and cover the whole sky, they often give a message that rain is likely to come within the next 24 hours. When these clouds appear to be soft, white and low-lying, they generally show that the weather is fine. However, the large white clouds begin to rise higher and become thicker like towers. They’re often seen during thunderstorms. Watching animal behaviors Atmospheric water influences insects’ behaviors a lot. Insects act very quickly to the changes in it. Ants may run in and out of their homes in a hurry to store food or build strong houses against coming rain. Similarly, bees will return to their homes earlier and stop food-searching activity when they feel it’s about to rain. Knowing plant predictors The plants of certain kinds, area or environment give dependable signs to predict the weather. As the atmospheric water changes, the structures of plants move too. For example, fallen pine cones can sense immediate wetness levels in the air. There are seeds (种子) inside each scale of the pine cones. The scales open up on a sunny day so that the wind blows seeds away. When rain is possible, they close and hold themselves together to protect seeds from going bad. 16．Why does the writer begin the article with a saying? A．To tell a story. B．To explain a word. C．To start a conversation. D．To catch readers’ interest. 17．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2? A．The shape of the cloud. B．The height of the cloud. C．The colour of the cloud. D．The speed of the cloud. 18．Which of the following meanings is suitable for the underlined word “immediate”? immediate /ɪˈmi:diət/ adj. 1. happening right away; ongoing 2. next to or very close to a person 3. nearest in relationship 4. having a direct effect (from the dictionary) A．1. B．2. C．3. D．4. 19．According to the article, when is it possible to rain? A．The thick black clouds grow to be soft and white. B．Ants hurry to run in and out of their homes to store food. C．Bees are busy searching food and won’t come home earlier. D．The scales of pine cones open up to let the wind blow seeds away. 20．In which PART of a magazine can we read the article? A．Travel. B．Sports. C．Nature. D．Culture. B Have you heard of Atlantis? Thousands of years ago, the Greek philosopher (哲学家) Plato wrote about a city, Atlantis. It was located (位于) somewhere near the Atlantic Ocean. The city he described was nearly perfect. The people were excellent in math, science and engineering. The buildings and gardens were beautiful. Fountains (喷泉) ran with hot and cold water, and stone walls were filled with gold and silver. Plato told the end of Atlantis—how the city was destroyed (摧毁) by water because people did not properly honor the gods. Ever since, because the location of the city was never clear, people have wondered if Atlantis is real. Many have searched for facts, signs or objects around the world, and even under the sea. Some people believe Atlantis was once located on Santorini, which was the name of a Greek island. It’s said that a society with perfect scientific knowledge was ever on the island. Santorini was destroyed by a volcanic eruption (火山爆发) around 1500 BC, which could explain why there were not any remains (遗迹) of the city. Others think Atlantis was on Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean because Plato described huge statues (雕像) like the ones that have been found there. Still other people place the lost city in the mountains of Bolivia, in the China Sea or in Africa. The fact is that no remains from Atlantis have ever been found. This has led many experts to believe that Atlantis was made up, a perfect city that was only in Plato’s mind. 21．How does the writer start the text? A．By using numbers. B．By asking a question. C．By giving examples. D．By telling a story. 22．What is Paragraph 1 mostly about? A．The Greek philosopher Plato. B．Plato’s description of Atlantis. C．The possible location of Atlantis. D．Great people in Atlantis. 23．How did Plato describe the end of Atlantis according to Paragraph 2? A．It was destroyed by water. B．It went down to the bottom of the sea. C．It was moved to the Pacific Ocean by angry gods. D．It was destroyed by a volcanic eruption. 24．“Santorini” is the name of ________. A．a Greek ocean B．a Greek city C．a Greek river D．a Greek island 25．Which of the following is still a mystery (谜)? A．The position of Atlantis. B．The books written by Plato. C．The volcanic eruption around 1500 BC． D．The huge statues on Easter Island. C When you meet animals, do you wonder what they’ re thinking? How do they feel? Seeing a newborn cat or a cute puppy might make us feel happy, but how do they feel? After research of many years, people know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs (青蛙) and pandas. It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls. The researchers put a bowl (碗) behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn’t food, the chickens made low and long noises to show disappointment (失望). The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves (波动). Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chickens’ noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, and some of them even had no experience of keeping chickens. The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this breakthrough can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising, a big industry (行业) in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can tell chickens’ feelings. This is good news for the farmers who want to make them happier and healthier. 26．How does the writer start the passage? A．By explaining a word. B．By asking questions. C．By listing numbers. D．By telling a story. 27．Which of the following can be put in “_________” in Paragraph 1? A．Humans may not like animals. B．Scientists know nothing about it. C．Nobody knows why this happens. D．A new study adds chickens to the list. 28．What did the volunteers do to help with the research? A．They feed the chickens. B．They make the chickens happy. C．They listen to the chickens’ calls. D．They find food for the chickens. 29．What does the underlined word “breakthrough” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Purpose. B．Hobby. C．Training. D．Discovery. 30．What is the best title for the text? A．Farmers’ Best Choice B．Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens C．Farmers Know Chickens Best D．Smart Farmers, Healthy Farmers 第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读短文，从文后所列选项中，选出最佳选项填入对应空白处，使短文通顺、连贯。（选项中有两项多余） How did people tell the time before clocks were invented? 31 They could tell it was the middle of the day when the sun was directly overhead in the sky. They also knew when it was morning or evening. 32 These sticks measured (测量) time during the day. The sun shone on the tall stick and the stick made a shadow (阴影). As the sun moved across the sky, the position (位置) of the shadow changed. This would let people tell what time it was. Over time, the Chinese first used sundials (日晷) instead of shadow sticks. The sundial has a type of shadow stick on it. As the sun shines on it, a shadow appears on the numbers. Each number stands for an hour of the day. 33 There are no shadows unless the sun is out. Water clocks used water to measure time at night. Water dropped (滴落) slowly from one bowl into another. 34 People also used sand-glasses (沙漏). You may have seen one. Some games still use sand-glasses. The sand falls from the top of the sand-glasses to the bottom (底部). It measures short amounts of time. 35 When the sand has finished falling, you have to turn the sand-glasses over. A．Later, the Egyptians used sticks. B．They can tell the time through the moonlight. C．The more sand falls, the more time has passed. D．At first, the ancient people looked up at the sun. E．The level of the water in the bowls showed the time. F．Sand-glasses can measure long amounts of the time. G．But sundials don’t work at night or on a cloudy day! 3、 词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 36．He ________ (scratch) his head and there was a puzzled look on his face. 37．The boy ________ (prove) his idea was correct last week. 38．We need to keep a ________ (balance) diet in daily life. 39．The ________ (weigh) of the crown surprised the king. 40．He kept ________ (observe) small things around him. 41．Some of the most successful films were based on scripts that were at first ________ (拒绝). 42．The ________ (保护的) cover on the phone prevents it from being scratched. 43．The wide ________ (应用) of new technology changes our life greatly. 44．“I beg your pardon.” is a polite way to ask for _______ (重复). 45．Tu Youyou ________ (证明) that artemisinin could cure malaria. 4、 完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 46．不是每个人都知道噪音污染对人们的健康有害。 Not everyone knows _________ _________ is harmful to people’s health. 47．水溢出浴缸的时候，阿基米德发现了那条原理。 When water ________ ________ the bath, Archimedes found the principle. 48．不要拿自己和别人比，相信自己是最好的。 Don’t ________ yourself ________ others and believe you are the best. 49．这里的小吃美味极了！深受广大游客喜爱。 _________ _________ the snacks are! They are deeply loved by the tourists. 50．朋友们，不要错过感受这片神奇土地的机会哦！ Dear friends, _________ _________ the chance to experience the wonderful land! 五、短文选词填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。） help  good  different  study  make  health  student  ask  attention  tool “At first, I just wanted a tool to help with my studies. But I didn’t expect that it could draw 51 from so many people,” Qiu Yumo, aged 13, told Teens. Qiu is from Huitong School in Shenzhen, Guangdong. Last year, she 52 an online AI learning tool called AI Button for middle school students. “My classmates and I want to have a learning friend to 53 us remember the key information. When we don’t know something, we can 54 for help at any time,” Qiu said about her idea. Students only need to put what they have 55 already into AI Button. The AI will quickly find key points, ask questions and answer 56 questions as well. “This AI is like a teacher and meets the needs of the students,” Qiu said. Qiu Yumo started learning programming at the age of six. She started to program with AI to make some 57 in 2023. As a pet lover, she also made a tool to count pets’ steps. And this tool can help people to keep their pets 58 . Many students loved Qiu’s idea of AI Button. They wanted to join her to make it much 59 , so that they could get more timely help. “Now I have a small team of students from 60 schools. We are improving AI Button and trying to let more people know it,” she said. 六、短文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Most people know that the telephone 61 (invent) by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. But few know that another inventor, Elisha Gray, applied for a similar patent 62 the same day. In fact, both men 63 (work) on the idea of transmitting voice through wires. The story of the telephone shows that inventions are often 64 (create) at the same time by different people. That is 65 it is important to act quickly on your ideas. Since its invention, the telephone 66 (change) the world in many ways. It allows people to communicate instantly across long distances. Today, smartphones are used 67 (do) far more than just making calls. They can be used for taking photos, browsing the Internet, and even controlling smart homes. However, some people worry that we 68 (become) too dependent on technology. They argue that face-to-face communication 69 (should value) more. But whether we like it or not, technology is here to stay. The question is not whether we should use it, 70 how we should use it wisely. 七、读写结合（共两节，满分25分） 第一节 任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答下列问题，每题答案不超过6个单词。 The History of Paper Money Did you know that paper money was first invented in China? It was created during the Tang Dynasty (唐朝) (618–907 AD). Merchants found it difficult to carry heavy copper coins on long journeys. So they started using paper receipts (收据) as a form of payment. These receipts could be exchanged for coins later. In 1023, during the Song Dynasty (宋朝), the government began to issue (发行) the first official paper money. This made trade much easier and helped the economy grow. Paper money later spread to Europe in the 17th century. Today, almost every country in the world uses paper money. However, with the rise of digital (数字的) payments, paper money may one day become less common. While paper money is very useful, it also has its problems. It can be lost, stolen, or damaged. Some people worry that digital payments are not safe either. But no matter what form money takes, the important thing is how we use it. 71．In which country was paper money first invented? 72．During which dynasty was paper money first invented? 73．When did the government issue the first official paper money? 74．When did paper money spread to Europe? 75．What are two problems with paper money? 第二节 书面表达（共1题，满分15分） 76．你知道火车是谁发明的吗?火车是由英国人乔治·斯蒂芬森(George Stephenson)发明的。请根据以下提示写一篇短文， 描述一下火车的发明及试运行过程。 发明者 George Stephenson 概况 以蒸汽机为动力，在1825年成功完成首次载客货运试验。 第一天运行时，沿线的人听到声音，看它奔跑，认为它是妖怪， 都跑回家，关上门，不敢外出了。 如今 最重要的交通工具之一 提示：do lots of experiments, steam engine (蒸汽机) 要求：1. 短文须包含表格中的提示内容, 可适当发挥想象； 2. 词数80左右, 开头已给出, 不计入总词数。 I think the train is one of the greatest inventions in history. Do you know who invented it? Let me tell you something about it. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案及试题解析 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．C 8．C 9．B 10．B 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文回顾了造纸术的历史演变及其对知识传播的巨大影响，倡导节约用纸，并展望未来科技创新，鼓励学生勤于思考。 【解析】1．句意：几千年前，人们过去常常在竹简上写字。 根据“Thousands of years ago”可知描述过去习惯，used to do（过去常常）符合语境。is used to习惯于/被用来（单数），was used to习惯于/被用来（单数/过去时），used for用于，均不符。 2．句意：后来，丝绸被用于书写，但它对普通人来说太贵了。 根据“too expensive”可知前后存在转折关系，应用but。 3．句意：他做了许多测试。 主语tests与do之间是被动关系，且发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态were done。 4．句意：这种新纸很快被广泛接受。 paper与accept之间是被动关系，描述过去事实，应用一般过去时的被动语态was accepted。 5．句意：知识能够被人们更便利地传播开来。 knowledge与spread之间是被动关系，且上下文多为一般过去时的被动语态，故选was spread保持一致。 6．句意：更多人被鼓励去学习阅读。 people与 encourage之间是被动关系，描述过去情况，应用一般过去时的被动语态were encouraged。 7．句意：它被用于书籍、笔记本和纸袋。 根据前一句的“Now”可知用一般现在时，paper与use是被动关系，应用is used。 8．句意：废纸被收集并再利用以保护森林。 描述客观事实用一般现在时，paper与collect是被动关系，应用is collected。 9．句意：我们应该明智地使用纸张。 修饰动词use需用副词，根据前一句的“protect forests”可知应明智使用，应用wisely。 10．句意：新想法在人们尝试解决问题时被产生。 ideas与produce是被动关系，描述普遍真理用一般现在时被动语态are produced。 11．句意：如果我们坚持思考，也能创造有用的东西。 前后为条件关系，表示“如果”，应用if。before在……之前，though虽然，unless除非。 12．句意：现在，许多年轻学生在学校竞赛中想出简单的发明。 根据“inventions”可知是提出想法，come up with表示“想出”，符合语境。take up占据，get on with相处，run out of用完。 13．句意：现如今，科学家不断研制各类新型纸张。 paper与create是被动关系，本段多为一般现在时描述现状，应用are created。 14．句意：它帮助人们过上更绿色的生活。 主语It指代paper，主动帮助人们，描述功能用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，应用helps。 15．句意：我们相信未来会有更多惊人的发明被制造出来。 根据“in the future”可知用一般将来时，inventions与make是被动关系，应用will be made。 16．D 17．D 18．A 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了除天气预报外，通过观察云层、动物行为和植物变化等自然迹象来预测天气的方法。 【解析】16．文章以谚语“East wind brings rain; west wind brings fine.”开头，目的是吸引读者兴趣，引出下文关于自然预测天气的话题。 17．第二段提到了“When these clouds appear to be soft, white and low-lying…However, the large white clouds begin to rise higher and become thicker like towers…”可知，提及云的形状、高度和颜色，但未提及云的速度（speed）。 18．原文“fallen pine cones can sense immediate wetness levels in the air”意为“掉落的松果能感知空气中即时的湿度水平”，immediate在此表示“立即的、当下的”，对应词典释义“1. happening right away; ongoing”。 19．第三段提到“Ants may run in and out of their homes in a hurry to store food or build strong houses against coming rain.”，蚂蚁匆忙进出巢穴储存食物或建造坚固房屋，预示即将下雨。 20．全文围绕自然现象（云层、动物、植物）预测天气，属于自然（Nature）板块，而非旅行（Travel）、体育（Sports）或文化（Culture）。 21．B 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了柏拉图笔下的亚特兰蒂斯这座近乎完美的城市，讲述它毁灭的传说，列举人们对它真实位置的多种猜测，最后点明至今没有找到遗迹，许多专家认为它只是柏拉图虚构出来的城市。 【解析】21．根据文章开头第一段第一句“Have you heard of Atlantis?”是问句，作者以提出问题的方式开启整篇文章。 22．通读第一段可知，第一段主要引用柏拉图的文字，描写亚特兰蒂斯的地理位置、居民才能、建筑园林等，也就是柏拉图对于亚特兰蒂斯的描述。 23．根据文章第二段中“Plato told the end of Atlantis—how the city was destroyed by water”，直接给出柏拉图笔下亚特兰蒂斯被大水摧毁的结局。 24．根据文章第三段中“Some people believe Atlantis was once located on Santorini, which was the name of a Greek island.”，定语从句说明Santorini是一座希腊岛屿的名字。 25．根据文章第二段中“Ever since, because the location of the city was never clear, people have wondered if Atlantis is real.”，亚特兰蒂斯的位置始终没有确定，这依旧是一个谜团。 26．B 27．D 28．C 29．D 30．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍科学家研究发现鸡也有情绪，人类可以通过鸡的叫声分辨它开心或者难过，这项新发现还可以助力家禽养殖技术发展。 【解析】26．文章开头写道“When you meet animals, do you wonder what they’re thinking? How do they feel?”，作者通过连续提出两个问题开启全文。 27．前文提到“In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas.”，后文引出“It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.”，空缺处需要起到过渡衔接的作用。选项D“A new study adds chickens to the list.”，既承接前文列举的几种被研究的动物，又自然引出下文关于鸡的相关实验内容，逻辑衔接顺畅。 28．原文第三段提到“The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty‑nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not”，志愿者听鸡的叫声录音来判断鸡的情绪。 29．前文的对照实验得到了“The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens.”这一全新科研成果，breakthrough在此处指代这次科研新发现；Discovery意为“发现”，词义匹配。 30．全文围绕“鸡开心、难过时会发出不同叫声，人类可借此分辨鸡的情绪”展开论述，B选项“Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens”精准贴合文章核心主题。 31．D 32．A 33．G 34．E 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了时钟发明之前，人类先后使用的几种计时方式，包括借助太阳、影子木棍、日晷、水钟和沙漏的计时原理与特点。 【解析】31．第二段后文提到“They could tell it was the middle of the day when the sun was directly overhead in the sky.”，选项D“At first, the ancient people looked up at the sun.”能够承接开头“时钟发明前如何计时”的问题，引出古人最初通过观察太阳判断时间的方式，与后文太阳在头顶判断正午的内容形成呼应。 32．第三段后文提到“These sticks measured (测量) time during the day.”，选项A“Later, the Egyptians used sticks.”能够承接上文最初靠太阳计时的内容，引出后续使用木棍计时的新方法，后文的“These sticks”也正好指代选项中提到的sticks。 33．第四段前文介绍了日晷靠太阳照射影子对应数字计时的原理，后文提到“There are no shadows unless the sun is out.”，选项G“But sundials don’t work at night or on a cloudy day!”能够承接上文日晷的计时优势，转折引出它的使用局限，和后文“没有太阳就没有影子”的内容形成逻辑衔接。 34．第五段前文介绍了水钟的工作方式是水从一个碗缓慢滴入另一个碗，选项E“The level of the water in the bowls showed the time.”能够承接水钟的滴水原理，说明水钟通过碗里的水位变化来显示时间，完成对水钟计时逻辑的完整说明。 35．第六段前文介绍沙漏的沙子从顶部落到底部，用来计量短时间，后文提到“When the sand has finished falling, you have to turn the sand-glasses over.”，选项C“The more sand falls, the more time has passed.”能够承接沙漏沙子下落的过程，说明沙漏计时的核心逻辑，和后文沙子落完就要翻转的内容形成顺承。 36．scratched 【解析】句意：他挠了挠头，脸上露出困惑的神情。scratch意为“挠、抓”，并列连词and后面的be动词为was，句子时态为一般过去时，scratch需要变为过去式，故填scratched。 37．proved 【解析】句意：这个男孩上周证明了他的想法是正确的。根据句末的时间状语“last week”可知，该动作发生在过去，因此句子应使用一般过去时，动词prove的过去式为规则变化，直接在词尾加-d，即proved。 38．balanced 【解析】句意：我们需要在日常生活中保持均衡的饮食。空格位于冠词a与名词diet之间，需要填入形容词来修饰名词，balance是名词或动词，其形容词形式为balanced，a balanced diet是固定搭配，意为“均衡饮食”。 39．weight 【解析】句意：王冠的重量让国王大吃一惊。空格前有定冠词The，后面是介词of，此处需要名词。 括号内weigh是动词，变为名词形式weight，意为“重量”。 40．observing 【解析】句意：他持续观察身边的小事。固定搭配keep doing sth.意为“持续做某事”，keep后接动名词作宾语，动词observe变成动名词observing，意为“观察”。 41．rejected 【解析】句意：一些最成功的电影是基于最初被拒绝的剧本。从句的主语that指代的是主句中的“scripts”，与谓语动词“拒绝”之间是被动关系，结合“were”可知，此处是一般过去时的被动语态。reject表示“拒绝”，其过去分词为rejected。 42．protective 【解析】句意：手机上的保护盖防止其被刮伤。根据汉语提示可知，protective意为“保护的”，形容词，此处修饰名词“cover”，表示“保护盖”，故填protective。 43．application 【解析】句意：新技术的广泛应用极大地改变了我们的生活。 根据中文提示，表示“应用”的单词是application，放在形容词wide（广泛的）后面，需要名词。此处表抽象“运用”，用单数application。 44．repetition 【解析】句意：“请再重复一遍。”是一种礼貌的要求重复的方式。repetition重复，泛指重复这个概念时，为不可数名词。故填repetition。 45．proved 【解析】句意：屠呦呦证明了青蒿素能够治疗疟疾。根据中文提示，表示“证明”的动词是prove，从句里情态动词用了could（can的过去式），主句描述过去发生的客观事实，应用一般过去时，prove的过去式是proved。 46．noise pollution 【解析】原句中“噪音污染”是关键词，固定表达为noise pollution，该短语为不可数名词短语；本句为knows后接的宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故填noise；pollution。 47．ran over 【解析】原句中“溢出”是关键词，表示“溢出”的短语是run over；本句讲述过去发生的故事，要用一般过去时，run的过去式为ran。 48． compare with 【解析】原句中“拿……和……比”是关键词，表示“拿……和……比”的短语为“compare...with...”。句子以Don’t开头，为否定祈使句，后接动词原形。故填compare；with。 49． How delicious 【解析】原句中“美味极了”是关键词，此句为感叹句，强调的中心词是形容词delicious“美味的”，用感叹句结构How+形容词+主语+谓语。 50． don’t miss 【解析】原句中“不要错过”为关键词，该句为祈使句，祈使句的否定形式直接用don’t+动词原形，“错过”的动词是miss，应填don’t；miss。 51．attention 52．made 53．help 54．ask 55．studied 56．students’ 57．tools 58．healthy 59．better 60．different 【导语】本文讲述13岁女孩邱雨陌开发AI学习工具“AI Button”的故事，介绍其功能、开发过程及团队扩展。 【解析】51．句意：但我没想到它能吸引这么多人的关注。前文提到“想要一个工具帮助学习”，后文说“吸引很多人”，此处需名词作draw的宾语。所给名词有attention、health、student、tool。draw attention是固定搭配，意为“吸引注意力”；draw不能接health、student或tool表达“吸引”的含义，故排除其他。 52．句意：去年她为中学生制作了一款名为AIButton的在线AI学习工具。此处需动词过去式描述过去动作，所给动词有help、study、make、ask，make意为“制作”且能接tool作宾语，根据过去时态需变为made，help/study/ask语义不符。 53．句意：我和同学们想要一个学习伙伴来帮助我们记住关键信息。此处需动词原形（不定式表目的），所给词中还剩动词help、study、ask，help sb. do sth.是固定搭配意为“帮助某人做某事”，study和ask不符合“帮助”的语境。 54．句意：当我们有不懂的东西时可以随时求助。此处需动词原形（can后接原形），所给动词还有ask、study，ask for help是固定搭配意为“寻求帮助”，study不能与for help搭配，故排除。 55．句意：学生只需将他们已经学过的内容输入AI Button。此处需过去分词与have构成现在完成时，所给动词study意为“学习”且接“内容”作宾语合理，根据完成时需变为studied。 56．句意：AI会快速找出重点、提出问题并回答学生们的问题。此处需名词所有格修饰questions，所给名词student需变为复数所有格students’表示“学生们的”，与上文students呼应，其他名词health/tool不能表示所属关系。 57．句意：她开始用AI编程来制作一些工具。此处需名词复数作宾语，所给剩余名词health不符合“制作”的语境，故使用tool，需变为复数tools，与前文“制作工具”及后文“还做了一个工具”呼应。 58．句意：这个工具可以帮助人们保持宠物健康。此处需形容词作宾补（keep+宾语+形容词），所给词中health是名词需变为形容词healthy表示“健康的”修饰pets合理，good和different虽为形容词但语义不符，故排除。 59．句意：他们想加入她让它变得更好。此处需形容词比较级（much后接比较级），所给形容词good符合语境，good的比较级better意为“更好”与“更及时的帮助”呼应。 60．句意：现在我有一个来自不同学校的学生组成的小团队。此处需形容词修饰schools，所给形容词different意为“不同的”表示“来自不同学校”，符合语境。 61．was invented 62．on 63．were working 64．created 65．why 66．has changed 67．to do 68．are becoming 69．should be valued 70．but 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要通过电话的发明故事，讲述发明常被多人同期创造，介绍电话从古至今改变世界的作用，同时探讨了人们对过度依赖科技的担忧，并提出关键在于明智使用科技。 【解析】61．句意：大多数人都知道电话是亚历山大・格雷厄姆・贝尔于1876年发明的。主语“the telephone”和动词“invent”之间是被动关系（电话“被发明”）。句中“in 1876”是过去时间，用一般过去时被动语态，结构：was/were+过去分词。主语单数，故填was invented。 62．句意：但很少有人知道另一位发明家伊莱沙・格雷在同一天提交了相似的专利申请。表示具体某一天，应用介词on。 63．句意：事实上，当时两人都在研究通过电线传输声音的构想。语境描述1876年那个时间段，两人正在同步钻研这项技术，用过去进行时。主语”both men”是复数，be动词用“were”，“work”变“working”。 64．句意：电话的故事表明，不同的人常常会在同一时间创造出发明。主语“inventions”和“create”之间是被动关系（发明 “被创造”）。空前有“are”，一般现在时被动结构：are+过去分词，“create”的过去分词为“created”。 65．句意：这就是你要尽快落实自己想法的原因。固定句型：That is why...，表示“这就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句，用来引出前文现象对应的结论。 66．句意：自问世以来，电话在诸多方面改变了世界。“Since its invention”是现在完成时标志性时间状语，强调动作从过去持续到现在。主语“the telephone”为单数，助动词用“has”，“change”变过去分词“changed”。 67．句意：如今智能手机的用途远不止打电话。固定结构：be used to do sth.表示 “某物被用来做某事”，不定式to do作目的状语。 68．句意：然而，一些人担心我们正变得过度依赖科技。表达当下现阶段持续发生、逐步变化的状态，用现在进行时。主语是“we”， be动词用“are”，“become”变“becoming”。 69．句意：他们认为面对面的交流应当被更加重视。主语“face-to-face communication”和“value”之间是被动关系。情态动词被动语态固定结构：should be+过去分词，value的过去分词为“valued”。 70．句意：问题不在于我们该不该使用它，而在于我们该如何明智地使用它。固定并列结构not...but...，表示“不是……而是……”，用于转折对比两个并列从句。 71．China. / In China. 72．The Tang Dynasty. / Tang Dynasty. 73．In 1023. / During the Song Dynasty. 74．In the 17th century. 75．It can be lost or stolen. / Lost or damaged. 【导语】本文介绍了纸币的发展历程：纸币最早诞生于中国唐宋时期，之后传播至世界各地。如今数字支付兴起，纸币使用率或将下降，纸币与电子支付各有优缺点，文章最后点明货币的使用方式远比其形态更加重要。 【解析】71．根据文章第一段“Did you know that paper money was first invented in China?”可知，纸币最早发明于中国。 72．根据文章第一段“It was created during the Tang Dynasty”可知，纸币最早出现于唐朝。 73．根据文章第二段“In 1023, during the Song Dynasty (宋朝), the government began to issue (发行) the first official paper money.”可知，1023年宋朝政府发行了首批官方纸币。 74．根据文章第三段“Paper money later spread to Europe in the 17th century.”可知，纸币于17世纪传入欧洲。 75．根据文章第四段“It can be lost, stolen, or damaged.”可知，纸币的问题是可能丢失、被盗或损坏，选取符合字数要求的表述即可。 76．例文 I think the train is one of the greatest inventions in history. Do you know who invented it? Let me tell you something about it. The train was invented by George Stephenson who was from Britain. He did lots of experiments and invented the first train powered by a steam engine. In 1825, it finished its first successful trip carrying passengers and goods. On its first run, people along the way heard the noise and saw it running. They thought it was a monster. They ran back home, closed their doors and were afraid to come out. But now the train is one of the most important means of transportation in the world. 【解析】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] ‌确定文体‌：说明文，一般过去时和一般现在时 ‌确定要点‌：火车的发明者及发明者做的实验；火车首次运行情况；火车过去和现在的地位 ‌确定人称‌：第三人称（it/they） ‌注意事项‌：短文须包含表格中的提示内容，可适当发挥想象；词数80左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数 [第二步：构思布局] ‌三段式结构‌： ‌开头段‌：引出火车是伟大发明之一，提及要介绍相关信息（开头已给出） ‌主体段‌：介绍火车的发明者、实验情况、首次运行时人们的反应等内容 ‌结尾段‌：强调火车现在是最重要的交通工具之一 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：发明过程invented by George Stephenson from the UK/did lots of experiments/created the first train with a steam engine等 要点二：首次试验finished its first successful trip carrying passengers/goods in 1825/people along the way heard the noise/saw it running/thought it was a monster/ran back home/closed their doors/were afraid to come out等 要点三：如今现状become one of the most important means of transportation 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $