Starter（知识清单）英语新教材沪教版五四制七年级上册

该初中英语知识清单系统整合了单元核心内容，涵盖主题场景分类词汇、实用短语、交际句型、核心语法及写作模块，构建了从基础词汇积累到语法应用再到语用输出的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类梳理（如词汇分名词/动词/形容词，短语分动词/名词/习语）、对比呈现（英美拼写差异表、习语实际含义对照表）强化知识关联，突出语言能力与文化意识培养。设计“易错点提醒”（如depend on必须加介词）、“写作逻辑链”（点明发现→举例说明→表达感受）等实用模块，助力学生高效掌握要点，教师可直接用于课堂教学与分层练习设计。

Unit Starter 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、英语学习与文化名词 1. idiom (n. 习语；成语) "Break a leg" is a common English idiom.（"Break a leg" 是一个常见的英语习语。） 2. exhibition (n. 展览；展出) We visited an English culture exhibition last week.（上周我们参观了一个英语文化展。） 3. dictionary (n. 词典；字典) You can look up new words in the dictionary.（你可以在词典里查生词。） 4. difference (n. 差异；不同) There are differences between British and American English.（英式英语和美式英语之间有差异。） 5. entertainment (n. 娱乐) English films bring us lots of entertainment.（英语电影带给我们很多娱乐。） 二、动作行为类 1. notice (v. 注意；留意) I noticed a new word on the sign.（我注意到标识上有一个生词。） 2. communicate (v. 交流；沟通) We can communicate with foreigners in English.（我们可以用英语和外国人交流。） 3. depend (v. 依靠；依赖) Don't depend on translations when reading.（阅读时不要依赖翻译。） 4. search (v. 搜索；查找) I search for English stories online every day.（我每天在网上搜索英语故事。） 5. share (v. 分享) We share our learning ideas with each other.（我们互相分享学习想法。） 三、描述类形容词 1. fluent (adj. 流利的) She speaks fluent English.（她说一口流利的英语。） 2. fantastic (adj. 极好的；了不起的) I had a fantastic time at the English party.（我在英语晚会上玩得非常开心。） 3. cultural (adj. 文化的) We learn about cultural differences in class.（我们在课上了解文化差异。） 4. foreign (adj. 外国的) Many foreign visitors come to Shanghai.（许多外国游客来到上海。） 5. useful (adj. 有用的) English is a useful language in daily life.（英语在日常生活中是一门有用的语言。） 短 语 一、动词短语 1. look up（查阅；查找）Look up the word in the dictionary.（在词典里查这个词。） 2. depend on（依靠；依赖）Don't depend on others all the time.（不要总是依赖别人。） 3. take part in（参加；参与）I take part in the English corner every Friday.（我每周五参加英语角。） 4. search for（搜索；查找）We search for information online.（我们在网上搜索信息。） 5. find out（查明；找出）Let's find out the meaning of this idiom.（让我们查明这个习语的意思。） 二、名词短语 1. learning style（学习风格）Everyone has their own learning style.（每个人都有自己的学习风格。） 2. daily life（日常生活）We use English in daily life.（我们在日常生活中使用英语。） 3. crossword puzzle（纵横字谜）Doing crossword puzzles is fun.（做纵横字谜很有趣。） 三、习语与介词短语 1. break a leg（祝你好运）Before the show, she said "Break a leg!" to me.（演出前她对我说 "祝你好运！"） 2. under the weather（身体不适）I'm feeling under the weather today.（我今天感觉身体不舒服。） 3. go Dutch（AA 制）We often go Dutch when eating out.（我们外出吃饭时常 AA 制。） 4. take it easy（别紧张；放松点）Take it easy! You will do well.（别紧张！你会做得很好的。） 5. have…in common（有共同之处）British and American English have a lot in common.（英式和美式英语有很多共同之处。） 6. be different from（与…… 不同）American spelling is different from British spelling.（美式拼写与英式拼写不同。） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、询问数量 1. How many + 可数名词复数？（有多少……？）How many English idioms do you know?（你知道多少个英语习语？） 2. How much + 不可数名词？（有多少……？）How much time do you spend learning English?（你花多少时间学英语？） 二、辨析单词含义 3. The word "..." has several meanings.（"……" 这个词有好几种意思。）The word "right" has several meanings.（"right" 这个词有好几种意思。） 三、表达英美差异 4. In British English we say "...", but in American English we say "...".（英式英语说 "……"，但美式英语说 "……"。）In British English we say "colour", but in American English we say "color".（英式英语说 "colour"，美式英语说 "color"。） 四、询问学习风格 5. What's your learning style?（你的学习风格是什么？）—I like learning by hearing.（我喜欢通过听觉学习。） 五、表达英语好处 6. Learning English helps me…（学习英语帮助我……）Learning English helps me make foreign friends.（学习英语帮助我结交外国朋友。） 语法 1. How many 与 How much 用法对比：How many + 可数名词复数；How much + 不可数名词 2. 英式英语与美式英语差异：拼写差异（colour/color, centre/center, metre/meter）；发音差异（r 卷舌音、元音 a/o 发音） 3. 英语习语运用：break a leg /under the weather /go Dutch /take it easy 写作 话题：My Interesting Discovery About English（我关于英语的趣味发现） 文体：说明文 / 分享文；第一人称；一般过去时 + 一般现在时，60 词左右；分享发现的内容、例子及感受 一、知识点精讲 1. notice /ˈnəʊtɪs/v. 注意；留意 n. 通知 词形变形：notices (三单)；noticed (过去式)；noticing (现在分词) 核心搭配：notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做过某事；notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事 例句：I noticed him reading an English book in the library.【我注意到他正在图书馆读一本英语书。】 提示：notice 既可作动词 "注意"，也可作名词 "通知"，如 put up a notice 张贴通知。 2.idiom /ˈɪdiəm/n. 习语；成语 词形变形：idioms n.(复数) 习语 核心搭配：English idiom 英语习语；a common idiom 一个常见习语 例句："Break a leg" is a famous English idiom.【"Break a leg" 是一个著名的英语习语。】 提示：idiom 指固定表达，字面意思和实际意思不同，需整体记忆。 3.cultural /ˈkʌltʃərəl/adj. 文化的 词形变形：culture n. 文化；culturally adv. 文化上地 核心搭配：cultural meaning 文化意义；cultural differences 文化差异 例句：We learn about cultural differences between China and the UK.【我们了解中英之间的文化差异。】 4.worldwide /ˌwɜːldˈwaɪd/adj./adv. 世界各地的 (地) 核心搭配：worldwide epidemic 世界性流行病；traded worldwide 销往世界各地 例句：English is used worldwide.【英语在世界各地被使用。】 提示：可作形容词也可作副词，如 a worldwide hit（风靡全球）。 5.exhibition /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/n. 展览；展出 词形变形：exhibit v. 展览；exhibitor n. 参展者 核心搭配：an English culture exhibition 英语文化展；hold an exhibition 举办展览 例句：We visited an exhibition about western culture.【我们参观了一个关于西方文化的展览。】 6.fluent /ˈfluːənt/adj. 流利的 词形变形：fluently adv. 流利地；fluency n. 流利 核心搭配：speak fluent English 说流利的英语；be fluent in 在…… 方面流利 例句：She can speak fluent English after three years' practice.【经过三年练习，她能说流利的英语。】 7.fantastic /fænˈtæstɪk/adj. 极好的；了不起的 近义词：excellent, wonderful, great 核心搭配：a fantastic idea 一个极好的主意；have a fantastic time 玩得非常开心 例句：We had a fantastic time at the English party.【我们在英语晚会上玩得非常开心。】 8.entertainment /ˌentəˈteɪnmənt/n. 娱乐 词形变形：entertain v. 娱乐；entertaining adj. 有趣的 核心搭配：provide entertainment 提供娱乐；a form of entertainment 一种娱乐形式 例句：English cartoons are a popular kind of entertainment for students.【英语动画片是学生们一种受欢迎的娱乐形式。】 9.difference /ˈdɪfrəns/n. 差异；不同 词形变形：different adj. 不同的；differently adv. 不同地 核心搭配：the difference between A and B A 和 B 之间的差异；make a difference 有影响 例句：There are some differences in spelling between BE and AE.【英式和美式英语在拼写上有一些差异。】 提示：difference 是名词；different 是形容词，be different from 与…… 不同。 10.dictionary /ˈdɪkʃənri/n. 词典；字典 词形变形：dictionaries n.(复数) 词典 核心搭配：look up…in the dictionary 在词典里查……；use a dictionary 使用词典 例句：You can look up this word in the dictionary.【你可以在词典里查这个词。】 11.communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/v. 交流；沟通 词形变形：communication n. 交流；communicative adj. 爱交流的 核心搭配：communicate with sb. 与某人交流；communicate in English 用英语交流 例句：We can communicate with foreign visitors in English.【我们可以用英语和外国游客交流。】 12.depend /dɪˈpend/v. 依靠；依赖 词形变形：dependence n. 依赖；dependent adj. 依赖的；independent adj. 独立的 核心搭配：depend on sb./sth. 依靠某人 / 某物；depend on translations 依赖翻译 例句：Don't depend on dictionaries all the time when reading.【阅读时不要一直依赖词典。】 提示：depend 是不及物动词，后面必须加介词 on 才能接宾语。 13.foreign /ˈfɒrən/adj. 外国的；外交的 词形变形：foreigner n. 外国人 核心搭配：foreign language 外语；foreign visitors 外国游客 例句：Many foreign visitors come to Shanghai every year.【每年有许多外国游客来到上海。】 14.useful /ˈjuːsfl/adj. 有用的；有益的 词形变形：use v./n. 使用；useless adj. 无用的；usefully adv. 有用地 核心搭配：a useful language 一门有用的语言；be useful for 对…… 有用 例句：English is a useful tool for international communication.【英语是国际交流的有用工具。】 15.common /ˈkɒmən/adj. 共同的；常见的 词形变形：commonly adv. 通常地 核心搭配：have…in common 有共同之处；a common idiom 一个常见习语 例句：British and American English have a lot in common.【英式和美式英语有很多共同之处。】 二、核心语法精讲 语法 1：How many 与 How much 用法对比 · How many + 可数名词复数 + 一般疑问句？ → 询问可数名词的数量 ✅ How many English idioms do you know? 你知道多少个英语习语？ ✅ How many dictionaries are there on the desk? 书桌上有多少本词典？ · How much + 不可数名词 + 一般疑问句？ → 询问不可数名词的数量，也可询问价格 ✅ How much time do you spend learning English? 你花多少时间学英语？ ✅ How much is this dictionary? 这本词典多少钱？ ⚠易错：How many 后必须接可数名词复数；How much 后接不可数名词。 ❌ How much books do you have? → ✅ How many books do you have? 语法 2：英式英语 (BE) 与美式英语 (AE) 的差异 · 拼写差异 英式英语 美式英语 中文 colour color 颜色 favour favor 恩惠；支持 humour humor 幽默 centre center 中心 metre meter 米 theatre theater 剧院 · 发音差异 r 音节：美音中 - er/-or/-ir/-ar/-our 中的 r 要卷舌发音（teacher, father）；英音中 r 通常只在后接元音时发音。 元音 a：英音常读 /ɑː/（aunt /ɑːnt/）；美音常读 /æ/（aunt /ænt/）。 元音 o：英音常发 /ɒ/（opera /ˈɒprə/）；美音一般读 /ɑː/（opera /ˈɑːprə/）。 语法 3：英语习语（Idioms） 习语是固定表达，整体含义不等于单词字面意思的简单相加，需整体记忆。 习语 实际含义 例句 break a leg 祝你好运（演出 / 比赛前） Before the speech, she said "Break a leg!" to me. under the weather 身体不适 I'm feeling under the weather today. go Dutch AA 制；各自付账 We decided to go Dutch at the restaurant. take it easy 别紧张；放松点 Take it easy! You will do well in the test. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 写作主题：My Interesting Discovery About English（我关于英语的趣味发现）；文体：分享类说明文；第一人称；时态以一般过去时 + 一般现在时为主；词数60 词左右。 写作要求：分享一次英语趣味发现（如习语、同音词、英美差异），写清发现内容、具体例子及个人感受。 写作内容: 分享一个英语趣味发现；给出具体例子；写出自己的感受。 2. 写作框架 写作要点 ①点明发现了什么有趣的英语现象； ②给出具体例子（可用习语或英美拼写差异）； ③写出自己的感受或收获。 写作思路提示 逻辑链：点明发现 → 举例说明 → 表达感受。 3. 写作素材 名词：idiom, difference, dictionary, exhibition, entertainment 形容词：fluent, fantastic, cultural, foreign, useful 短语：look up；depend on；have…in common；be different from；break a leg 句型：How many/How much…?；The word "..." has several meanings.；In BE we say..., but in AE we say... 4. 范文背诵 My Interesting Discovery About English Last week, I found English has many interesting idioms. I asked my teacher what "break a leg" means. She told me it means "Good luck!", not a bad wish. I also found that "colour" is British English while "color" is American English. English is full of surprises, and I want to learn more about it. 【译文】 我关于英语的趣味发现 上周，我发现英语有很多有趣的习语。 我问老师 "break a leg" 是什么意思。她告诉我它的意思是 "祝你好运"，而不是坏的祝愿。我还发现 "colour" 是英式英语，而 "color" 是美式英语。 英语充满惊喜，我想了解更多。 1) How many 后接可数名词复数；How much 后接不可数名词，不可混淆。 2) depend 是不及物动词，接宾语必须加介词 on：depend on sb./sth. 3) notice sb. doing sth.（注意到某人正在做）vs notice sb. do sth.（注意到某人做过）。 4) difference（名词）vs different（形容词）：the difference between；be different from。 5) 英美拼写差异：colour/color, centre/center, metre/meter，注意单元常考。 6) 习语 break a leg 不是 "摔断腿"，而是 "祝你好运"，需整体理解。 一、根据所给中文提示默写单词（10小题） 1. "Break a leg" is a famous English ________ (习语). 2. We visited an English culture ________ (展览) last week. 3. You can look up the word in the ________ (词典). 4. There are some ________ (差异) between BE and AE. 5. English films bring us lots of ________ (娱乐). 6. I ________ (注意到) a new word on the sign just now. 7. We can ________ (交流) with foreigners in English. 8. Don't ________ (依靠) on translations when reading. 9. Many ________ (外国的) visitors come to Shanghai. 10. English is a ________ (有用的) language in daily life. 【答案】 1.idiom 2.exhibition 3.dictionary 4.differences 5.entertainment 6.noticed 7.communicate 8.depend 9.foreign 10.useful 【详解】 1.idiom n. 习语；a 后接单数。 2.exhibition n. 展览；an 后接单数。 3.dictionary n. 词典；in the dictionary 固定搭配。 4.differences n. 差异；some 后接可数名词复数。 5.entertainment n. 娱乐；不可数名词。 6.noticed v. 注意；just now 提示一般过去时。 7.communicate v. 交流；情态动词 can 后接动词原形。 8.depend v. 依靠；don't 后接动词原形；depend on 固定搭配。 9.foreign adj. 外国的；修饰名词 visitors。 10.useful adj. 有用的；修饰名词 language。 二、单项选择（10小题） ( )1. —How ____ English idioms do you know? —About ten. A. much B. many C. long D. old 【答案】B 【详解】 句意：—— 你知道多少英语习语？—— 大约十个。 考查疑问词组辨析。how many 用于对可数名词复数提问；how much 对不可数名词提问；how long 询问时长；how old 询问年龄。idioms 为可数名词复数，因此用 how many。故选 B。 ( )2. You can ____ the new word in the dictionary. A. look up B. look at C. look for D. look after 【答案】A 【详解】 句意：你可以在词典里查阅这个新单词。 考查动词短语辨析。look up 意为 “查阅（词典、资料）”；look at 意为 “看”；look for 意为 “寻找”；look after 意为 “照顾”。结合 in the dictionary 语境，look up 符合句意。故选 A。 ( )3. Don't depend ____ your dictionary all the time. A. in B. at C. on D. to 【答案】C 【详解】 句意：不要总是依赖你的词典。 考查介词固定搭配。depend on 为固定短语，表示 “依靠，依赖”；in、at、to 均不能与 depend 构成该含义的短语。故选 C。 ( )4. In American English, "colour" is spelled "____". A. colour B. color C. colur D. coulor 【答案】B 【详解】 句意：在美式英语中，“colour” 拼写为 “color”。 考查英美拼写差异。colour 是英式拼写，对应 的美式拼写去掉字母 u，写作 color；其余选项均为错误拼写。故选 B。 ( )5. —I have an English test tomorrow. —____! A. Break a leg B. Go Dutch C. Under the weather D. Take it easy 【答案】A 【详解】 句意：—— 我明天有一场英语考试。—— 祝你好运！ 考查英语习语情景交际。Break a leg 是英语俗语，用于考前预祝对方好运；Go Dutch 意为 “AA 制”；Under the weather 意为 “身体不舒服”；Take it easy 意为 “别紧张”。面对考试前的祝福，Break a leg 符合语境。故选 A。 ( )6. I noticed him ____ an English book when I passed by. A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read 【答案】C 【详解】 句意：我路过的时候注意到他正在读一本英语书。 考查非谓语动词固定搭配。notice sb. doing sth. 表示 “注意到某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在发生；本句 when I passed by 强调路过那一时刻看到的场景，用现在分词 reading。read 动词原形、reads 动词三单、to read 不定式均不符合该搭配。故选 C。 ( )7. British English and American English have a lot ____ common. A. in B. on C. at D. for 【答案】A 【详解】 句意：英式英语和美式英语有很多共同之处。 考查固定短语。have …in common 为固定搭配，意为 “有共同之处”；on、at、for 不能构成该短语。故选 A。 ( )8. —How ____ time do you spend on English every day? —About one hour. A. many B. much C. long D. often 【答案】B 【详解】 句意：—— 你每天花多少时间在英语上？—— 大约一小时。 考查疑问词组辨析。how much 对不可数名词的数量提问；how many 对可数名词复数提问；how long 询问时长；how often 询问频率。time 此处表示 “时间”，为不可数名词，选用 how much。故选 B。 ( )9. She speaks ____ English after years of practice. A. fluent B. fluently C. fluency D. fluence 【答案】A 【详解】 句意：经过多年练习，她讲流利的英语。 考查词性辨析。空格修饰名词 English，需要使用形容词。fluent 形容词，意为 “流利的”；fluently 副词；fluency 名词；fluence 名词。形容词 fluent 修饰名词 English。故选 A。 ( )10. I'm feeling ____ today, so I want to have a rest. A. under the weather B. break a leg C. go Dutch D. take it easy 【答案】A 【详解】 句意：我今天感觉身体不舒服，所以我想要休息一下。 考查英语习语辨析。under the weather 表示 “身体不适”；break a leg 预祝好运；go Dutch 表示 AA 制；take it easy 放轻松。根据后文 want to have a rest，可知身体不舒服。故选 A。 三、用单词适当形式填空 （10小题） 1. There are some ________ (different) between the two words. 2. She can speak English ________ (fluent) after much practice. 3. I noticed a boy ________ (draw) on the wall. 4. We should not be ________ (depend) on others too much. 5. Many ________ (foreign) come to visit our school every year. 6. This book is very ________ (use) for English learners. 7. "Break a leg" is a common English ________ (idiomatic). 8. We had a ________ (fantasy) time at the English party. 9. Learning English helps us ________ (communication) with the world. 10. How many ________ (dictionary) do you have? 【答案】 1.differences 【解析】some 后接可数名词复数，different 的名词形式 differences。 2.fluently 【解析】修饰动词 speak，用副词 fluently 流利地。 3.drawing 【解析】notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事。 4.dependent 【解析】be dependent on 依赖……，形容词作表语。 5.foreigners 【解析】many 后接可数名词复数，foreign 变形 foreigner 外国人。 6.useful 【解析】be useful for 对…… 有用，形容词作表语。 7.idiom 【解析】a 后接单数名词，idiomatic 变形 idiom 习语。 8.fantastic 【解析】have a fantastic time 玩得开心，形容词修饰名词 time。 9.communicate 【解析】help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事，communication 变形动词 communicate。 10.dictionaries 【解析】How many 后接可数名词复数，dictionary 变 dictionaries。 四、完成句子（5×2=10 分） 1. 你可以在词典里查阅这个生词。 You can ________ ________ the new word in the dictionary. 【答案】look up 【解析】look up 查阅，情态动词 can 后接动词原形。 2. 英式英语和美式英语有很多共同之处。 British English and American English ________ a lot ________ ________. 【答案】have; in common 【解析】have…in common 有共同之处，主语复数用 have。 3. 你每天花多少时间学英语？ ________ ________ time do you spend learning English every day? 【答案】How much 【解析】time 不可数名词，用 How much；句首大写。 4. 阅读时不要总是依赖翻译。 Don't ________ ________ translations when reading. 【答案】depend on 【解析】depend on 依靠，don't 后接动词原形。 5. 我今天感觉身体不舒服，想早点睡觉。 I'm feeling ________ ________ ________ today, so I want to go to bed early. 【答案】under the weather 【解析】under the weather 身体不适，固定习语。 五、阅读理解 Hello, students! Today, let’s talk about an exciting topic: the differences between British English and American English. You might be wondering, why are there two types of English? Well, it’s because of history and geography. British English, also known as BrE, is the English spoken in the United Kingdom. It has its roots in the English language as it was spoken centuries ago. On the other hand, American English, or AmE, is the English spoken in the United States. It evolved(逐步发展，逐渐演变) from British English, but over time, it has developed its own unique features. One of the most noticeable differences is in pronunciation. For example, the letter ‘a’ in words ‘dance’ and ‘bath’ is pronounced differently in BrE and AmE. In British English, it sounds more like /dɑːns/ /bɑːθ/, while in American English, it’s /dæns/ and /bæθ/. Vocabulary is another area where you’ll find differences. In the UK, you might hop into a ‘lorry’ to the ‘chemist’ to buy some ‘biscuits.’ But in the US, you’d get into a ‘truck’ to go to the ‘pharmacy’ to some ‘cookies’. Spelling is also different. British English often keeps the older spellings, like ‘colour’ and ‘favour.’ while American English simplified them to ‘color’ and ‘favor’. Despite these differences, both versions of English are understood world wide. So whether you’re learning BrE or AmE, you’re on the right path to becoming a great English speaker. Remember, the most important thing is to practice and have fun with the language. Happy learning! 1．The article above is a ________. A．diary B．letter C．speech D．story 2．What is the main topic of the article? A．The history of the English language. B．The differences between British and American English. C．The pronunciation of the letter ‘a’ in English. D．The importance of practicing English. 3．________ differences are mentioned (提及) in the article. A．Two B．Three C．Four D．Five 4．Which of the following words is used in the US? A．lorry B．chemist C．biscuit D．truck 5．The underlined word ‘simplify’ means making something _________. A．easier B．longer C．more beautiful D．more modern 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇演讲稿，主要谈论英式英语和美式英语之间的区别，解释了这些差异是如何随着历史和地理的发展而产生的。指出了两者在发音、词汇和拼写上的主要区别，无论学习哪一种英语，最重要的是实践和享受学习过程。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据“Hello, students! Today, let’s talk about an exciting topic”可知，以“Hello, students!”开头并进行讲解，因此它的形式最符合演讲稿，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Today, let’s talk about an exciting topic: the differences between British English and American English.”可知文章的主题围绕英国英语和美国英语的区别展开。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“One of the most noticeable differences is in pronunciation.”，“Vocabulary is another area where you’ll find differences.”，“Spelling is also different.”可知，提到英式英语和美式英语的三种具体区别：“pronunciation发音”、“Vocabulary词汇”和“Spelling拼写”。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“In the UK, you might hop into a ‘lorry’ to the ‘chemist’ to buy some ‘biscuits’. But in the US, you’d get into a ‘truck’ to go to the ‘pharmacy’ to some ‘cookies’.”可知，在美国使用“truck”这个词，而不是“lorry”。故选D。 5．词义猜测题。根据“British English often keeps the older spellings, like ‘colour’ and ‘favour’ while American English simplified them to ‘color’ and ‘favor’”可知，英式英语经常保持原来的拼写，而美式英语意图是将拼写变得更简单易记，所以“simplifdied”意为“使更简单”。故选A。 六、单元写作 Write a passage of at least 60 words on the topic “How to improve English”.(以“如何提高英语水平”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。) Use the following points as the reference(以下内容仅供参考): (1)How often do you listen to English songs? (2)How do you practise your spoken English? (3)What English books/magazines/newspapers do you usually read? (4)Something more about your English learning. How to improve English Learning English helps us develop good habits and have a better understanding of the world. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】                        How to improve English          Learning English helps us develop good habits and have a better understanding of the world.          After a day’s study, listen to English songs every day to relax myself. It can not only relax me, but also improve my listening ability. I join the school’s English corner, communicate with them in English to improve my spoken English. I like reading English weekly newspapers. I try my best to create English environment. For example, I imagine being interviewed by a foreigner or making a speech in front of a foreign audience. Then I just express myself in English. [总体分析] ①题材：本文是材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏提示的要点，在每个要点下要适当增加细节，使表述内容更完整。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍学习英语的好处； 第二步，具体介绍自己如何通过不同的方法提高英语； [亮点词汇] ①listen to English songs听英文歌曲 ②communicate with sb和某人交流 ③improve my spoken English提高我的英语口语 ④express myself in English用英语表达自己 [高分句型] It can not only relax me, but also improve my listening ability. (not only...but also...连接并列谓语) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit Starter 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、英语学习与文化名词 1. ________ (n. 习语；成语) "Break a leg" is a common English ________. 2. ________ (n. 展览；展出) We visited an English culture ________ last week. 3. ________ (n. 词典；字典) You can look up new words in the ________. 4. ________ (n. 差异；不同) There are ________ between British and American English. 5. ________ (n. 娱乐) English films bring us lots of ________. 二、动作行为类 1. ________ (v. 注意；留意) I ________ a new word on the sign. 2. ________ (v. 交流；沟通) We can ________ with foreigners in English. 3. ________ (v. 依靠；依赖) Don't ________ on translations when reading. 4. ________ (v. 搜索；查找) I ________ for English stories online every day. 5. ________ (v. 分享) We ________ our learning ideas with each other. 三、描述类形容词 1. ________ (adj. 流利的) She speaks ________ English. 2. ________ (adj. 极好的；了不起的) I had a ________ time at the English party. 3. ________ (adj. 文化的) We learn about ________ differences in class. 4. ________ (adj. 外国的) Many ________ visitors come to Shanghai. 5. ________ (adj. 有用的) English is a ________ language in daily life. 短 语 一、动词短语 1. ________（查阅；查找） ________ the word in the dictionary. 2. ________________（依靠；依赖）Don't ________ ________ others all the time. 3. ________________（参加；参与）I ________ ________ ________ the English corner every Friday. 4. ________________（搜索；查找）We ________ ________ information online. 5. ________________（查明；找出）Let's ________ ________ the meaning of this idiom. 二、名词短语 1. ________________（学习风格）Everyone has their own ________ ________. 2. ________________（日常生活）We use English in ________ ________. 3. ________________（纵横字谜）Doing ________ ________ is fun. 三、习语与介词短语 1. ________（祝你好运）Before the show, she said " ________ ________!" to me. 2. ________________（身体不适）I'm feeling ________ ________ ________ today. 3. ________________（AA 制）We often ________ ________ when eating out. 4. ________（别紧张；放松点） ________ ________! You will do well. 5. ________________（有共同之处）British and American English ________ a lot ________ ________. 6. ________________（与…… 不同）American spelling ________ ________ ________ British spelling. 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、询问数量 1. How many + 可数名词复数？（有多少……？）How many English idioms do you know?（你知道多少个英语习语？） 2. How much + 不可数名词？（有多少……？）How much time do you spend learning English?（你花多少时间学英语？） 二、辨析单词含义 3. The word "..." has several meanings.（"……" 这个词有好几种意思。）The word "right" has several meanings.（"right" 这个词有好几种意思。） 三、表达英美差异 4. In British English we say "...", but in American English we say "...".（英式英语说 "……"，但美式英语说 "……"。）In British English we say "colour", but in American English we say "color".（英式英语说 "colour"，美式英语说 "color"。） 四、询问学习风格 5. What's your learning style?（你的学习风格是什么？）—I like learning by hearing.（我喜欢通过听觉学习。） 五、表达英语好处 6. Learning English helps me…（学习英语帮助我……）Learning English helps me make foreign friends.（学习英语帮助我结交外国朋友。） 语法 1. How many 与 How much 用法对比：How many + 可数名词复数；How much + 不可数名词 2. 英式英语与美式英语差异：拼写差异（colour/color, centre/center, metre/meter）；发音差异（r 卷舌音、元音 a/o 发音） 3. 英语习语运用：break a leg /under the weather /go Dutch /take it easy 写作 话题：My Interesting Discovery About English（我关于英语的趣味发现） 文体：说明文 / 分享文；第一人称；一般过去时 + 一般现在时，60 词左右；分享发现的内容、例子及感受 一、知识点精讲 1.notice /ˈnəʊtɪs/v. 注意；留意 n. 通知 变形：三单________；过去式________；现在分词________ 搭配：notice sb. ________ sth. 注意到某人做过；notice sb. ________ sth. 注意到某人正在做 例句：I noticed him ________ (read) an English book.【________________________】 2.idiom /ˈɪdiəm/n. 习语；成语 搭配：English ________ 英语习语 3.cultural /ˈkʌltʃərəl/adj. 文化的 变形：________ (n.) 文化 搭配：________ differences 文化差异 4.worldwide /ˌwɜːldˈwaɪd/adj./adv. 世界各地的 (地) 例句：English is used ____.【____________________】 5.exhibition /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/n. 展览；展出 变形：________ (v.) 展览 搭配：hold an ________ 举办展览 6.fluent /ˈfluːənt/adj. 流利的 变形：________ (adv.) 流利地；________ (n.) 流利 搭配：speak ________ English 说流利的英语 7.fantastic /fænˈtæstɪk/adj. 极好的；了不起的 搭配：have a ________ time 玩得非常开心 8.entertainment /ˌentəˈteɪnmənt/n. 娱乐 变形：________ (v.) 娱乐 搭配：a form of ________ 一种娱乐形式 9.difference /ˈdɪfrəns/n. 差异；不同 变形：________ (adj.) 不同的 搭配：the difference ________ A and B A 和 B 之间的差异；be different ________ 与…… 不同 10.dictionary /ˈdɪkʃənri/n. 词典；字典 变形：________ (复数) 词典 搭配：look up…________ the dictionary 在词典里查…… 11.communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/v. 交流；沟通 变形：________ (n.) 交流 搭配：communicate ________ sb. 与某人交流 12.depend /dɪˈpend/v. 依靠；依赖 变形：________ (adj.) 依赖的；________ (adj.) 独立的 搭配：depend ________ sb./sth. 依靠某人 / 某物（⚠必须加介词） 13.foreign /ˈfɒrən/adj. 外国的 变形：________ (n.) 外国人 搭配：________ language 外语 14.useful /ˈjuːsfl/adj. 有用的 变形：________ (v./n.) 使用；________ (adj.) 无用的 搭配：a ________ language 一门有用的语言 15.common /ˈkɒmən/adj. 共同的；常见的 搭配：have…________ common 有共同之处 二、核心语法精讲 语法 1：How many 与 How much 用法对比 · How many + 可数名词复数 + 一般疑问句？ → 询问可数名词的数量 ✅ How many English idioms do you know? 你知道多少个英语习语？ ✅ How many dictionaries are there on the desk? 书桌上有多少本词典？ · How much + 不可数名词 + 一般疑问句？ → 询问不可数名词的数量，也可询问价格 ✅ How much time do you spend learning English? 你花多少时间学英语？ ✅ How much is this dictionary? 这本词典多少钱？ ⚠易错：How many 后必须接可数名词复数；How much 后接不可数名词。 ❌ How much books do you have? → ✅ How many books do you have? 语法 2：英式英语 (BE) 与美式英语 (AE) 的差异 · 拼写差异 英式英语 美式英语 中文 colour color 颜色 favour favor 恩惠；支持 humour humor 幽默 centre center 中心 metre meter 米 theatre theater 剧院 · 发音差异 r 音节：美音中 - er/-or/-ir/-ar/-our 中的 r 要卷舌发音（teacher, father）；英音中 r 通常只在后接元音时发音。 元音 a：英音常读 /ɑː/（aunt /ɑːnt/）；美音常读 /æ/（aunt /ænt/）。 元音 o：英音常发 /ɒ/（opera /ˈɒprə/）；美音一般读 /ɑː/（opera /ˈɑːprə/）。 语法 3：英语习语（Idioms） 习语是固定表达，整体含义不等于单词字面意思的简单相加，需整体记忆。 习语 实际含义 例句 break a leg 祝你好运（演出 / 比赛前） Before the speech, she said "Break a leg!" to me. under the weather 身体不适 I'm feeling under the weather today. go Dutch AA 制；各自付账 We decided to go Dutch at the restaurant. take it easy 别紧张；放松点 Take it easy! You will do well in the test. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 写作主题：My Interesting Discovery About English（我关于英语的趣味发现）；文体：分享类说明文；第一人称；时态以一般过去时 + 一般现在时为主；词数60 词左右。 写作要求：分享一次英语趣味发现（如习语、同音词、英美差异），写清发现内容、具体例子及个人感受。 写作内容: 分享一个英语趣味发现；给出具体例子；写出自己的感受。 2. 写作框架 写作要点 ①点明发现了什么有趣的英语现象； ②给出具体例子（可用习语或英美拼写差异）； ③写出自己的感受或收获。 写作思路提示 逻辑链：点明发现 → 举例说明 → 表达感受。 3. 写作素材 名词：idiom, difference, dictionary, exhibition, entertainment 形容词：fluent, fantastic, cultural, foreign, useful 短语：look up；depend on；have…in common；be different from；break a leg 句型：How many/How much…?；The word "..." has several meanings.；In BE we say..., but in AE we say... 4. 范文背诵 My Interesting Discovery About English Last week, I found English has many interesting idioms. I asked my teacher what "break a leg" means. She told me it means "Good luck!", not a bad wish. I also found that "colour" is British English while "color" is American English. English is full of surprises, and I want to learn more about it. 译文：我关于英语的趣味发现 上周，我发现英语有很多有趣的习语。 我问老师 "break a leg" 是什么意思。她告诉我它的意思是 "祝你好运"，而不是坏的祝愿。我还发现 "colour" 是英式英语，而 "color" 是美式英语。 英语充满惊喜，我想了解更多。 1) How many 后接可数名词复数；How much 后接不可数名词，不可混淆。 2) depend 是不及物动词，接宾语必须加介词 on：depend on sb./sth. 3) notice sb. doing sth.（注意到某人正在做）vs notice sb. do sth.（注意到某人做过）。 4) difference（名词）vs different（形容词）：the difference between；be different from。 5) 英美拼写差异：colour/color, centre/center, metre/meter，注意单元常考。 6) 习语 break a leg 不是 "摔断腿"，而是 "祝你好运"，需整体理解。 一、根据所给中文提示默写单词（10小题） 1. "Break a leg" is a famous English ________ (习语). 2. We visited an English culture ________ (展览) last week. 3. You can look up the word in the ________ (词典). 4. There are some ________ (差异) between BE and AE. 5. English films bring us lots of ________ (娱乐). 6. I ________ (注意到) a new word on the sign just now. 7. We can ________ (交流) with foreigners in English. 8. Don't ________ (依靠) on translations when reading. 9. Many ________ (外国的) visitors come to Shanghai. 10. English is a ________ (有用的) language in daily life. 二、单项选择（词汇、语法）（10小题） ( )1. —How ____ English idioms do you know? —About ten. A. much B. many C. long D. old ( )2. You can ____ the new word in the dictionary. A. look up B. look at C. look for D. look after ( )3. Don't depend ____ your dictionary all the time. A. in B. at C. on D. to ( )4. In American English, "colour" is spelled "____". A. colour B. color C. colur D. coulor ( )5. —I have an English test tomorrow. —____! A. Break a leg B. Go Dutch C. Under the weather D. Take it easy ( )6. I noticed him ____ an English book when I passed by. A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read ( )7. British English and American English have a lot ____ common. A. in B. on C. at D. for ( )8. —How ____ time do you spend on English every day? —About one hour. A. many B. much C. long D. often ( )9. She speaks ____ English after years of practice. A. fluent B. fluently C. fluency D. fluence ( )10. I'm feeling ____ today, so I want to have a rest. A. under the weather B. break a leg C. go Dutch D. take it easy 三、用单词适当形式填空 （10小题） 1. There are some ________ (different) between the two words. 2. She can speak English ________ (fluent) after much practice. 3. I noticed a boy ________ (draw) on the wall. 4. We should not be ________ (depend) on others too much. 5. Many ________ (foreign) come to visit our school every year. 6. This book is very ________ (use) for English learners. 7. "Break a leg" is a common English ________ (idiomatic). 8. We had a ________ (fantasy) time at the English party. 9. Learning English helps us ________ (communication) with the world. 10. How many ________ (dictionary) do you have? 四、完成句子（5×2=10 分） 1.你可以在词典里查阅这个生词。 You can ________ ________ the new word in the dictionary. 2.英式英语和美式英语有很多共同之处。 British English and American English ________ a lot ________ ________. 3.你每天花多少时间学英语？ ________ ________ time do you spend learning English every day? 4.阅读时不要总是依赖翻译。 Don't ________ ________ translations when reading. 5.我今天感觉身体不舒服，想早点睡觉。 I'm feeling ________ ________ ________ today, so I want to go to bed early. 五、阅读理解 Hello, students! Today, let’s talk about an exciting topic: the differences between British English and American English. You might be wondering, why are there two types of English? Well, it’s because of history and geography. British English, also known as BrE, is the English spoken in the United Kingdom. It has its roots in the English language as it was spoken centuries ago. On the other hand, American English, or AmE, is the English spoken in the United States. It evolved(逐步发展，逐渐演变) from British English, but over time, it has developed its own unique features. One of the most noticeable differences is in pronunciation. For example, the letter ‘a’ in words ‘dance’ and ‘bath’ is pronounced differently in BrE and AmE. In British English, it sounds more like /dɑːns/ /bɑːθ/, while in American English, it’s /dæns/ and /bæθ/. Vocabulary is another area where you’ll find differences. In the UK, you might hop into a ‘lorry’ to the ‘chemist’ to buy some ‘biscuits.’ But in the US, you’d get into a ‘truck’ to go to the ‘pharmacy’ to some ‘cookies’. Spelling is also different. British English often keeps the older spellings, like ‘colour’ and ‘favour.’ while American English simplified them to ‘color’ and ‘favor’. Despite these differences, both versions of English are understood world wide. So whether you’re learning BrE or AmE, you’re on the right path to becoming a great English speaker. Remember, the most important thing is to practice and have fun with the language. Happy learning! 1．The article above is a ________. A．diary B．letter C．speech D．story 2．What is the main topic of the article? A．The history of the English language. B．The differences between British and American English. C．The pronunciation of the letter ‘a’ in English. D．The importance of practicing English. 3．________ differences are mentioned (提及) in the article. A．Two B．Three C．Four D．Five 4．Which of the following words is used in the US? A．lorry B．chemist C．biscuit D．truck 5．The underlined word ‘simplify’ means making something _________. A．easier B．longer C．more beautiful D．more modern 六、单元写作 Write a passage of at least 60 words on the topic “How to improve English”.(以“如何提高英语水平”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。) Use the following points as the reference(以下内容仅供参考): (1)How often do you listen to English songs? (2)How do you practise your spoken English? (3)What English books/magazines/newspapers do you usually read? (4)Something more about your English learning. How to improve English Learning English helps us develop good habits and have a better understanding of the world. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司7 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $