Unit 5 A fine balance 首字母填空（热点题型专练）英语新教材外研版九年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦首字母填空专项，以生态保护为话题载体，系统提炼四步解题法，形成从基础巩固到拔高攻坚的分层训练体系，融合语言能力与文化意识培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |巩固基础·专项突破|5篇基础篇|四步解题法：定时态→通读全文→辨词性/注形式→验文意|以“人与社会—生态保护”为主线，从鲨鱼保护、珊瑚礁生态到气候变化，构建“现象描述-问题分析-保护行动”逻辑链，夯实词汇语法综合运用能力| |培优拔高·挑战攻坚|10篇真题/模拟篇|迁移四步法解决复杂语境题，强化长难句分析与跨学科知识关联|精选天津、江苏等地中考真题，融合AI保护熊猫、光污染等前沿话题，深化“问题-影响-措施”思维路径，提升思维品质与学习能力|

Unit 5 A fine balance 首字母填空 首字母填空题型专练（话题：人与社会——生态保护） 热点题型概览 首字母填空 根据首字母填空是考查词汇综合运用能力的一种较难的题型。它的特点是将一篇文章中若干个词“掏空”,留下该词的首字母,它既作为提示又作为限制,让我们根据短文的意思把单词拼写完整。 考生需通读全文,在字里行间捕捉信息,先易后难,既要理清逻辑,又要综合考虑。根据首字母填空考查范围极广,可以是英语知识的方方面面,还可能涉及其他学科,它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来,并且单词形式合理,符合语法规范,符合短文需要。 根据首字母填空的解题技巧如下: （1）看第一句动词的时态,确定本文的基本时态; （2）通读全文; （3）做题:看前后文确定词性,注意名词单复数、动词时态以及单词拼写; （4）检查所填单词是否符合文意。 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 Many have heard of shark fin soup (鱼翅汤). This famous and expensive dish is especially popular in s 1 China, like the Pearl River Delta (珠三角地区). But do you know that you’re killing a whole shark each t 2 you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup? When people c 3 sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the sharks back into the sea. It is l 4 cutting off your arms and legs and then leaving you bleeding (流血) to death. This is not only cruel (残忍), but also harmful to the sea. W 5 a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem. If their numbers d 6 too low, it will bring huge problems to all sea life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered as they are the s 7 in their food chain. But the f 8 is that around 70 million sharks are caught and traded in this industry every year. A report says the numbers of some kinds of sharks have f 9 by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. Some countries, like the US and the UK, have made laws to stop people buying and selling shark fins. No scientific studies show that shark fins are of value in making people healthy and strong. I 10 , they can cause health problems, so why eat them? Help save the sharks! Passage 2 根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空格处填入一个适当的词使短文完整。 Erie Green has always wondered about things that live in the ocean. When he was y 1 , he loved to swim. He liked to watch all kinds of underwater animals and plants through his mask. When he grew up, he wanted to l 2 for new things in the ocean. Today, Mr. Green is a marine ecologist. He studies how underwater animals and plants connect with each other and need each other to stay alive. Mr. Green studies coral reefs in the Pacific Ocean. A coral reef is like a big underwater t 3 . Thousands of animals and plants live there. They compete for food and space there. As a result, the beautiful coral reefs get injured e 4 . Mr. Green also studies how people’s a 5 can change coral reefs. Sometimes people pollute the water or overfish, so the way that all the 1 6 things are joined together has been changed. If coral reefs get hurt, many animals have to find new homes. Some animals’ n 7 drop low, and some animals just disappear. Mr. Green wants to p 8 this from happening. Mr. Green believes that all living things in a coral reef should be k 9 safe. “Underwater ecosystems are like airplanes,” Mr. Green says. “They need all of their parts to work correctly.” “To take better care of marine homes, we first must k 10 them. Only through that can we understand the great influence humans have on these places,” Mr. Green says. Passage 3 根据文意及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词，并在答题纸上写出完整单词。 Climate change has become a s 1 problem in today’s world. Human activities c 2 much of this problem. We use cars, factories, and electricity in ways that produce lots of greenhouse gases. A main r 3 is that our planet is getting warmer year by year. Scientists keep careful records. They show that the earth’s heat keeps i 4 over the past century. The average global (全球的) t 5 continues to rise. This warming affects a 6 two-thirds of all countries in the world. For example, in the polar areas, ice that was once very t 7 is now becoming thinner. Melting ice leads to higher sea levels, and this can h 8 wildlife and natural ecosystems in coastal regions. Different opinions often d 9 us into groups. Some ask to take action right away, while others are more careful. To make real progress, we must c 10 good ideas with practical actions and work together. Cooperation (合作) is the real key. We can all take small steps in daily life to help. Turning off unused lights, reducing waste, and using greener ways to travel are good starts. Together, we can still protect our planet for the future. Passage 4 Nature is full of amazing wonders that have existed for millions of years. One of the most famous natural wonders is the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. It is the largest coral reef system in the world, covering a huge area of the sea. The reef is home to thousands of rare sea creatures and plants, which play an important role in maintaining the b 1 of the marine ecosystem. The Great Barrier Reef was f 2 by tiny coral polyps over a long period of time. These small creatures secrete a hard substance that forms the structure of the reef. What makes it even more amazing is that the reef is still growing and changing today. However, in recent years, it has faced many threats. Pollution and climate change have caused some parts of the reef to lose their color and die, which has a 3 many scientists and environmentalists. Another incredible natural wonder is the Victoria Falls. Located on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe, the falls are known for their huge size and powerful water flow. When the water rushes down the steep cliffs, it creates a mist that can be seen from miles away. The sound of the water is so loud that it feels like thunder. Every year, thousands of tourists are a 4 to this amazing sight, eager to experience the power of nature. These natural wonders remind us of the beauty and mystery of our planet. They also teach us that nature is fragile and needs to be protected. We should take responsibility for preserving these treasures so that future generations can also admire their b 5 and learn from their history. From the deep oceans to the high mountains, nature’s wonders never fail to i 6 awe and respect in our hearts. Passage 5 The world’s largest rainforest, the Amazon, c 1 40 percent of South America. It makes about one-fifth of the earth’s oxygen. People c 2 it“the lungs of our planet”. However, the rainforest is in d 3 now. A large fire broke out in the Amazon and it lasted for many d 4 . In fact, the Amazon has seen a large number of fires. B 5 January and August in 2019, there were about 73,000 fires. Most of the fires came f 6 human activities. Farmers in the Amazon have long used fire to prepare land for planting. But these fires can e 7 get out of control. The Brazilian g 8 has sent soldiers to fight the fires. But scientists have said that it will t 9 around 20 to 40 years to rebuild the forest’s ecosystem. They have a 10 said that the fires have destroyed 15 to 17 percent of the rainforest. 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 （22-23九年级上·天津红桥·期中）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Save the Sharks (鲨鱼)! Many have heard of shark fin (鱼翅) soup. But do you r 1 that you’re killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup? When people catch sharks, t 2 cut off their fins and throw the sharks back into the sea. This is not o 3 cruel (残酷的), but also harmful to the environment. Without a fin, a shark can no l 4 swim and slowly dies. Sharks are at the t 5 of the food chain in the sea’s ecosystem. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all sea life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered b 6 they are the strongest in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 m 7 sharks are caught and traded (交易) in this industry (工业) every year. The numbers of some kinds of sharks harks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 or 30 years. Environmental protection groups around the world, s 8 as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”. They have even asked governments to develop laws (法律) to s 9 the sale of shark fins. So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them? Help s 10 the sharks. Passage 2 （24-25九年级下·天津河北·阶段检测）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Animals play so many important roles in our lives. Some animals such as cows and sheep, p 1 us with food. Pets are our friends, and other animals even work for us. Above all, every animal-big or small-can fill us with a sense of the wonder of the n 2 world. Unluckily, we don’t always value this. Many animals are in danger b 3 of our actions, and millions of animals in the world are b 4 treated. World Animal Day reminds us, at least for one day a year, “to celebrate animal life in all its forms” and “to be thankful for the way in which animals enrich (使丰富) our lives”. World Animal Day was started in 1931 in Florence, Italy. It made us pay attention to the p 5 of endangered animals around the world. It is now celebrated in most countries around the world. The day f 6 on October 4th every year. All over the world on this day, volunteers r 7 money for animal centres. Museums and zoos organise (组织) special events. Schools have also j 8 animal projects. The p 9 of these activities is to show us how we could improve our relationship with animals. If you want to take part, you could help an animal or organise a money-raising event for a local charity (慈善机构). The important thing is just to be a 10 to join. We should offer animals as much as they offer us. Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·江苏盐城·期中）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空限填一词。 The natural world is filled with living things. Living things start out weak and small, and s 1 grow strong and big. You are a living thing. Flowers, grass and trees are living things, too. Bees, ants, dogs and cats—these are all living things. All living things need food and water to s 2 . From these basic needs, living things get the strength to grow. Think about y 3 . If you are hungry, you need to eat. You eat fruit, vegetables, meat and fish. They can p 4 you with energy. You drink water every time you feel thirsty. Now think about a tree. W 5 a tree is hungry, it gets food from the soil (土壤). Trees drink water, too. We are different in some ways, but all living things are connected. We are all on the same planet, and we depend on each other. If we pollute the rivers and oceans, fish may get s 6 or even die. Some birds l 7 on fish. If the birds eat these fish, they may die. This can have t 8 effects on ecosystems. Nature is a b 9 between all the living things on the planet. If one species (物种) dies off, then another species may die off, followed by another, and another... We must a 10 now. We should respect the earth and protect all the living things on it. Passage 4 （24-25九年级上·江苏南通·阶段检测）根据短文内容及首字母提示, 填写所缺单词, 使短文意思完整, 每空限一词。 Many have heard of shark fin soup (鱼翅汤). This famous and expensive d 1 is especially popular in southern China. But do you know that you’re killing a whole shark each t 2 you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup? When people c 3 sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the sharks back into the sea. It is l 4 cutting off your arms and legs and then leaving you bleeding (流血) to death. This is not only cruel (残忍), but also harmful to the sea. W 5 a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain (链条) in the ocean’s ecosystem (生态系统). If their numbers d 6 too low, it will bring huge problems to all sea life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered as they are the strongest in their food chain. But the f 7 is that around 70 million sharks are caught and traded in this industry every year. A r 8 says the numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. Some countries, like the US and the UK, have made l 9 to stop people buying and selling shark fins. No scientific studies show that shark fins are of value in making people healthy and strong. I 10 scientists say they can cause health problems, so why eat them? Help save the sharks! Passage 5 （23-24九年级下·江苏镇江·阶段检测）阅读短文，首字母填空。 Three years ago, I took an online honors biology class through the Johns Hopkins Center for Talented Youth. It o 1 me different classes and camps. I ended up taking over 90 pages of notes on all of the concepts(概念) that were c 2 within the class and I was also quizzed on every unit. In addition to the quizzes, I also had to complete interactive(交互的) labs, w 3 allowed me to work with many different types of materials. I g 4 to study ecosystems(生态系统) at the beach, collect different leaves and flowers and learn about flower structures. I even began to create a sample (样本) of my own DNA． Although it was hard to keep up with my classwork, I made a schedule and stuck to it as w 5 as I could. Some lab students also wrote reports about lab procedures (程序). To do this, I had to form a hypothesis(假设) about what I thought would h 6 in the lab. Although all of the labs were q 7 interesting, I had to study hard for the midterm and the f 8 . Both tests were full of questions that required detailed answer. I reviewed all of my coursework and notes. L 9 , I did well on my exam! This class has helped prepare me for future s 10 classes. Passage 6 （23-24九年级下·江苏盐城·阶段检测）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。 The spring is the best time to harvest fresh tea leaves. Locals in Lancang Lahu autonomous county of Yunnan province celebrated the beginning of the tea-picking season with a spirited activity held at Jingmai Mountain. This yearly event, which t 1 place towards the end of March, is a tradition among local ethnic minorities (少数民族) such as the Blang and Dai. It is a perfect opportunity to show respect for the tea forest, w 2 has been around for centuries, as well as to their ancestors (祖先) before harvesting the gifts of nature. Jingmai Mountain, known for its forests of ancient tea trees, has been an i 3 part of the locals’ lives for years. People here have continued to use an ancient method of planting tea with a special ecosystem. “The key to keeping harmony b 4 humans and nature is the natural use of land in the Jingmai Mountain,” said Xiong Dengkui, an researcher with the Lancang county museum. The village has been built halfway up the mountain, close to the tea forest in the middle of the mountain, while farmland is in lower areas with rich water. “All the treasures will be u 5 up, and only the tea forest will provide for our children and their children all the time,” said a local Blang villager. The w 6 of the ancestors made the tea forest and village last for around a thousand years. Today, tea gardens cover an area of more than 9, 000 mu (600 hectares) and produce an annual output of more than 200 tonnes, helping nearly 500 household i 7 their incomes (收入). A growing number of villagers are b 8 managing the tea factories. Many are selling tea t 9 the Internet and sharing details of their daily lives and work on social media platforms. The recent development in the modern tea industry reminds Jingmai of taking better care of their ancient tea forests, as well as avoiding planting o 10 crops in the tea forests, the local government has taken certain actions to protect the ancient tea forests. Passage 7 （23-24九年级上·湖北武汉·期中）Deep within the rainforest of Southeast Asia, an animal walks on a tree. Its two big, round eyes s 1 for food, with only the light of the moon to go by. This is a t 2 night for the endangered slow loris (蜂猴). These tiny, reddish-brown primates, between 18 cm and 38 cm long, live in trees and only come out at night. During the day, they sleep on the tree. They roll up in a ball to h 3 from danger. Slow lorises m 4 eat insects, fruit, eggs, small birds, etc. They have the l 5 tongue in the primate family when you take body s 6 into considering. This tongue is used to lick sap (舔汁) from trees and also for p 7 . When a slow loris r 8 its arms, it’s trying to protect itself by using its long tongue to lick a sweat gland (汗腺) under its arm. The gland produces something that becomes a dangerous poison (毒药) when it’s mixed with the slow loris’s saliva (唾液). This makes the cute slow loris the world’s only known venomous (有毒的) primate! For protection, slow lorises use their tongues to c 9 their babies in poison to scare away any enemy. Unluckily, the slow loris has f 10 to protect itself from human beings. The animal has been very popular in the pet trade. This means the amazing slow loris faces a very uncertain future. What do you think we should do to protect it? Passage 8 （24-25九年级下·江苏·随堂练习）Having trouble telling one panda from another? A facial recognition app (面部识别程序) will make it easy for you. The app is d 1 by China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Pandas. The image analysis (图像分析) research began in 2017 and up to now the research center has c 2 about 120,000 images and 10,000 video clips of giant pandas. Close to 10,000 panda pictures have been studied and marked. Using these pictures and facial information, researchers are a 3 to carry out automatic (自动的) facial recognition to tell the d 4 between pandas, the center said. Panda researchers hope AI t 5 will also help them study more about pandas in both reserves and the wild. “The app will help us g 6 more precise information on the population, distribution, ages, gender ratio, deaths of wild pandas, who live in deep mountains and are h 7 to find and mark,” said a researcher. “It will c 8 help us improve efficiency (效率) in protecting animals,” Chen said. China has carried out four scientific field research project of giant pandas in the wild. The giant panda was discovered 150 years ago and named in the city of Ya’an, Sichuan. It r 9 one of the world’s most endangered species (濒危物种). The number of pandas kept by humans was 548 globally as of November last year. Fewer than 2,000 pandas live in the wild, m 10 in the provinces of Sichuan and Shaanxi. With the modern science, the giant pandas are believed to be well studied and protected. Passage 9 （25-26九年级下·江苏南京·期中）Have you ever walked along the beach and seen piles of plastic waste? Or read news about sea animals hurt by plastic rubbish? These are part of ocean plastic pollution, a serious p 1 that the whole world is facing. Ocean plastic is a global problem which is c 2 by human activities. Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste runs into the sea through rivers. This waste s 3 breaks down into tiny pieces called microplastics, which enter the food chain and do harm to both sea life and human health. In China, many coastal cities are taking action to f 4 this problem. For example, Shenzhen has set up special recycling stations along the coastline. A 5 measure is to organize volunteer beach cleanup activities on weekends. Thousands of citizens take part in them every year, picking up plastic bottles and bags. Many schools also hold educational activities to teach students about ocean protection. Students learn that even small acts in daily life can make a big d 6 . For example, saying no to single-use plastic products can reduce waste at the source. B 7 the cleanup work, scientists are also looking for new ways to deal with microplastics. Some research teams have developed special materials that can collect tiny plastic pieces from seawater e 8 . Protecting the ocean is not just for the beauty of nature; it is also v 9 for human survival. However, there is still a long way to go, as the problem cannot be solved o 10 . Everyone should take responsibility and take action to protect our blue home. Passage 10- （2026·天津武清·二模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 When night falls, we turn on the lights to make our cities beautiful. However, few people know that too much light can be a k 1 of pollution. It is called “light pollution”, and it is becoming a serious problem around the world. Light pollution doesn’t just stop us from seeing the s 2 . It also causes many problems for animals. For example, fireflies (萤火虫) use their own light to talk to e 3 other and find their partners. But when the city lights are too b 4 , fireflies cannot see partners’ signals (信号) clearly. As a result, it is difficult for them to produce more babies. Another example is about birds. Many birds fly at night by f 5 the light of the moon. Bright city lights can confuse (使困惑) them, and some birds may lose their way or even h 6 tall buildings. Besides, light pollution can affect human health in different ways. If you sleep with the lights on, your body will think it is s 7 daytime and cannot rest well. This might make you feel t 8 or even develop some illnesses. Doctors say that the dark is necessary for a good sleep b 9 it helps our bodies produce a special hormone (激素) to keep us healthy. To help solve this problem, many cities are starting to take action. They have decided to turn off unnecessary lights in public places a 10 midnight. We can also do our part in our daily lives. Darkness is as important as light. Let’s work together to protect the dark night so that we can enjoy the beautiful stars and live a healthier life. ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 A fine balance 首字母填空 首字母填空题型专练（话题：人与社会——生态保护） 热点题型概览 首字母填空 根据首字母填空是考查词汇综合运用能力的一种较难的题型。它的特点是将一篇文章中若干个词“掏空”,留下该词的首字母,它既作为提示又作为限制,让我们根据短文的意思把单词拼写完整。 考生需通读全文,在字里行间捕捉信息,先易后难,既要理清逻辑,又要综合考虑。根据首字母填空考查范围极广,可以是英语知识的方方面面,还可能涉及其他学科,它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来,并且单词形式合理,符合语法规范,符合短文需要。 根据首字母填空的解题技巧如下: （1）看第一句动词的时态,确定本文的基本时态; （2）通读全文; （3）做题:看前后文确定词性,注意名词单复数、动词时态以及单词拼写; （4）检查所填单词是否符合文意。 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 Many have heard of shark fin soup (鱼翅汤). This famous and expensive dish is especially popular in s 1 China, like the Pearl River Delta (珠三角地区). But do you know that you’re killing a whole shark each t 2 you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup? When people c 3 sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the sharks back into the sea. It is l 4 cutting off your arms and legs and then leaving you bleeding (流血) to death. This is not only cruel (残忍), but also harmful to the sea. W 5 a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem. If their numbers d 6 too low, it will bring huge problems to all sea life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered as they are the s 7 in their food chain. But the f 8 is that around 70 million sharks are caught and traded in this industry every year. A report says the numbers of some kinds of sharks have f 9 by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. Some countries, like the US and the UK, have made laws to stop people buying and selling shark fins. No scientific studies show that shark fins are of value in making people healthy and strong. I 10 , they can cause health problems, so why eat them? Help save the sharks! 【答案】1．southern/outhern 2．time/ime 3．catch/atch 4．like/ike 5．Without/ithout 6．drop/rop 7．strongest/trongest 8．fact/act 9．fallen/allen 10．Instead/nstead 【导语】本文介绍了鱼翅汤对鲨鱼种群和海洋生态系统的危害，并呼吁人们不要食用鱼翅。 【详解】1．句意：这道著名而昂贵的菜肴在中国南方尤其受欢迎，例如珠三角地区。名词“China”前需填形容词作定语，根据后文“like the Pearl River Delta”可知珠三角位于中国南方，首字母s对应形容词southern。故填southern。 2．句意：但你知道吗，每享用一碗鱼翅汤，你就杀死了一整条鲨鱼？固定结构“each time”意为“每次”，引导时间状语从句，首字母t对应名词time。故填time。 3．句意：当人们捕猎鲨鱼时，他们割下鱼鳍，然后把鲨鱼扔回海里。连词“When”引导时间状语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，主语“people”为复数，根据上下文时态为一般现在时，需用动词原形，首字母c对应动词catch。故填catch。 4．句意：这就像砍掉你的胳膊和腿，然后让你流血至死。介词“like”表示比喻，意为“像……一样”，首字母l对应介词like。故填like。 5．句意：没有鱼鳍，鲨鱼无法再游泳，并慢慢死去。名词“a fin”前需填介词表示“没有”，首字母w对应介词without。句首需大写。故填Without。 6．句意：如果它们的数量下降得太低，将会给所有海洋生物带来巨大的问题。条件状语从句中缺少谓语动词，主语“numbers”为复数，根据上下文时态为一般现在时，需用动词原形，表示“下降”，首字母d对应动词drop。故填drop。 7．句意：许多人认为鲨鱼永远不会濒危，因为它们是食物链中最强大的。定冠词“the”后需填形容词最高级，根据上文“at the top of the food chain”可知鲨鱼处于食物链顶端，是最强大的，首字母s对应形容词最高级strongest。故填strongest。 8．句意：但事实是，每年约有7000万条鲨鱼被该行业捕获和交易。定冠词“the”后需填名词，固定结构“the fact is that...”意为“事实是……”，首字母f对应名词fact。故填fact。 9．句意：一份报告称，在过去20到30年间，某些种类的鲨鱼数量已经下降了90%以上。助动词“have”后需填过去分词构成现在完成时，表示数量下降，首字母f对应动词fall的过去分词fallen。故填fallen。 10．句意：相反，它们可能导致健康问题，那么为什么要吃它们呢？前文说鱼翅没有保健价值，后文说可能导致健康问题，前后为转折关系，需填副词表示“相反”，首字母I对应副词Instead，位于句首首字母需大写。故填Instead。 Passage 2 根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空格处填入一个适当的词使短文完整。 Erie Green has always wondered about things that live in the ocean. When he was y 1 , he loved to swim. He liked to watch all kinds of underwater animals and plants through his mask. When he grew up, he wanted to l 2 for new things in the ocean. Today, Mr. Green is a marine ecologist. He studies how underwater animals and plants connect with each other and need each other to stay alive. Mr. Green studies coral reefs in the Pacific Ocean. A coral reef is like a big underwater t 3 . Thousands of animals and plants live there. They compete for food and space there. As a result, the beautiful coral reefs get injured e 4 . Mr. Green also studies how people’s a 5 can change coral reefs. Sometimes people pollute the water or overfish, so the way that all the 1 6 things are joined together has been changed. If coral reefs get hurt, many animals have to find new homes. Some animals’ n 7 drop low, and some animals just disappear. Mr. Green wants to p 8 this from happening. Mr. Green believes that all living things in a coral reef should be k 9 safe. “Underwater ecosystems are like airplanes,” Mr. Green says. “They need all of their parts to work correctly.” “To take better care of marine homes, we first must k 10 them. Only through that can we understand the great influence humans have on these places,” Mr. Green says. 【答案】1．young/oung 2．look/ook 3．town/own 4．easily/asily 5．actions/ctions 6．living/iving 7．numbers/umbers 8．prevent/revent 9．kept/ept 10．know/now 【导语】本文讲述了海洋生态学家Erie Green从小热爱海洋，长大后研究珊瑚礁生态，关注人类行为对海洋的影响，致力于保护海洋生态系统。 【详解】1．句意：当他年幼的时候，他喜欢游泳。根据首字母和“When he was y..., he loved to swim.”和后文“When he grew up,...”可知，后文是他长大时，所以空处应是他“年幼”时。young“年幼的”，形容词，作was的表语。故填young。 2．句意：当他长大后，他想在海洋里寻找新事物。根据首字母和“he wanted to...for new things in the ocean.”可知，当他长大后，他想在海洋里“寻找”新事物。look for“寻找”，动词短语，固定搭配；want to do sth.“想要做某事”，空处使用动词原形。故填look。 3．句意：珊瑚礁就像一个大型水下城镇。根据首字母和“A coral reef is like a big underwater...Thousands of animals and plants live there.”可知，成千上万的动物和植物住在那里，说明珊瑚礁就像一个大型水下“城镇”。town“城镇”，名词，a后接单数名词。故填town。 4．句意：结果，美丽的珊瑚礁很容易受到伤害。根据首字母和“...the beautiful coral reefs get injured...”以及上文动物和植物在此争夺空间和食物可知，美丽的珊瑚礁很“容易”受到伤害。easily“容易地”，副词，修饰前面的动词短语get injured。故填easily。 5．句意：格林先生还研究人们的行为如何改变珊瑚礁。根据首字母和“Mr. Green also studies how people’s...can change coral reefs.”以及后文“people pollute the water or over fish”可知，人们污染水源或者过度捕捞鱼类都属于人类“行为”。action“行为”，名词，此处使用复数actions。故填actions。 6．句意：有时人们会污染水源或过度捕捞，因此所有生物之间的连接方式被改变。根据首字母和“Sometimes people pollute the water or overfish, so the way that all the...things are joined together has been changed.”可知，人们的一系列行为使所有“生物”之间的连接方式发生了改变。living things“生物”，名词短语，固定搭配。故填living。 7．句意：一些动物的数量减少，还有一些动物就消失了。根据首字母和“Some animals’...drop low”可知，一些动物的“数量”减少。number“数量”，名词，后面的谓语动词drop为动词原形，所以使用复数numbers。故填numbers。 8．句意：格林先生想阻止这种情况发生。根据首字母和“Mr. Green wants to...this from happening.”可知，格林先生想“阻止”这种情况发生。prevent sth. from doing sth.“阻止某事做某事”，动词短语，固定搭配；want to do sth.“想要做某事”，空处使用动词原形。故填prevent。 9．句意：格林先生认为，珊瑚礁里的所有生物都应该被安全保护。根据首字母和“Mr. Green believes that all living things in a coral reef should be...safe.”可知，珊瑚礁里的所有生物都应该“被保护”安全。keep sth. safe“保持某物安全”，动词短语，固定搭配；主语“all living things”和“keep”为被动关系，所以使用被动语态，keep的过去分词是kept。故填kept。 10．句意：“为了更好地保护海洋家园，我们首先必须了解它们。只有这样，我们才能明白人类对这些地方产生的巨大影响。”格林先生说道。根据首字母和“To take better care of marine homes, we first must...them.”可知，为了更好地保护海洋家园，我们首先必须“了解”它们。know“了解”，动词，位于情态动词must之后，使用动词原形。故填know。 Passage 3 根据文意及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词，并在答题纸上写出完整单词。 Climate change has become a s 1 problem in today’s world. Human activities c 2 much of this problem. We use cars, factories, and electricity in ways that produce lots of greenhouse gases. A main r 3 is that our planet is getting warmer year by year. Scientists keep careful records. They show that the earth’s heat keeps i 4 over the past century. The average global (全球的) t 5 continues to rise. This warming affects a 6 two-thirds of all countries in the world. For example, in the polar areas, ice that was once very t 7 is now becoming thinner. Melting ice leads to higher sea levels, and this can h 8 wildlife and natural ecosystems in coastal regions. Different opinions often d 9 us into groups. Some ask to take action right away, while others are more careful. To make real progress, we must c 10 good ideas with practical actions and work together. Cooperation (合作) is the real key. We can all take small steps in daily life to help. Turning off unused lights, reducing waste, and using greener ways to travel are good starts. Together, we can still protect our planet for the future. 【答案】1．serious/erious 2．cause/ause 3．result/esult 4．increasing/ncreasing 5．temperature/emperature 6．around/round/about/bout/almost/lmost 7．thick/hick 8．harm/arm 9．divide/ivide 10．connect/onnect 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了气候变化已成为当今世界的严峻问题，分析了人类活动引发变暖、全球气温上升带来的危害，介绍了人们对此的不同观点，并呼吁大家从小事做起、团结合作，共同保护地球。 【详解】1．句意：气候变化已成为当今世界一个严峻的问题。空后为名词“problem”，需形容词修饰；结合语境及首字母s，表“严峻的”，应填serious。 2．句意：人类活动造成了该问题的很大一部分。本句缺谓语动词，结合语境及首字母c，表“造成、导致”；主语“activities”与“cause”为主动关系，用一般现在时，应填cause。 3．句意：一个主要结果是我们的星球逐年变暖。空前“A main”修饰名词，结合语境及首字母r，表“结果”，应填result。 4．句意：它们表明在过去一个世纪里，地球的热量持续增加。固定搭配“keep doing sth.”表示“持续做某事”，结合语境及首字母i，表“增加、上升”，应填increasing。 5．句意：全球平均气温持续上升。“global”为形容词，需修饰名词，结合语境及首字母t，表“温度、气温”，应填temperature。 6．句意：这种变暖影响着世界上大约三分之二的国家。结合语境及首字母a，表“大约”，应填around/about/almost。 7．句意：例如，在极地地区，曾经很厚的冰层现在正变薄。本空为形容词作表语，结合语境“冰层变薄”及首字母t，表“厚的”，应填thick。 8．句意：冰川融化导致海平面上升，这会危害沿海地区的野生动物和自然生态系统。情态动词“can”后接动词原形，结合语境及首字母h，表“危害、伤害”，应填harm。 9．句意：不同的观点常常将我们划分成不同群体。固定搭配“divide…into…”表示“把……分成……”，主语“opinions”为复数，句子是一般现在时，结合首字母d，应填divide。 10．句意：为取得真正的进步，我们必须将好的想法与实际行动结合起来，共同努力。情态动词“must”后接动词原形，固定搭配“connect…with…”表示“把……和……结合”，结合首字母c，应填connect。 Passage 4 Nature is full of amazing wonders that have existed for millions of years. One of the most famous natural wonders is the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. It is the largest coral reef system in the world, covering a huge area of the sea. The reef is home to thousands of rare sea creatures and plants, which play an important role in maintaining the b 1 of the marine ecosystem. The Great Barrier Reef was f 2 by tiny coral polyps over a long period of time. These small creatures secrete a hard substance that forms the structure of the reef. What makes it even more amazing is that the reef is still growing and changing today. However, in recent years, it has faced many threats. Pollution and climate change have caused some parts of the reef to lose their color and die, which has a 3 many scientists and environmentalists. Another incredible natural wonder is the Victoria Falls. Located on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe, the falls are known for their huge size and powerful water flow. When the water rushes down the steep cliffs, it creates a mist that can be seen from miles away. The sound of the water is so loud that it feels like thunder. Every year, thousands of tourists are a 4 to this amazing sight, eager to experience the power of nature. These natural wonders remind us of the beauty and mystery of our planet. They also teach us that nature is fragile and needs to be protected. We should take responsibility for preserving these treasures so that future generations can also admire their b 5 and learn from their history. From the deep oceans to the high mountains, nature’s wonders never fail to i 6 awe and respect in our hearts. 【答案】1．balance/alance 2．formed/ormed 3．alarmed/larmed 4．attracted/ttracted 5．beauty/eauty 6．inspire/nspire 【导语】本文主要介绍了两大世界自然奇观——澳大利亚大堡礁和非洲维多利亚瀑布的特点、形成过程以及面临的威胁，呼吁人类珍视和保护大自然。 1．句意：这个礁石是数千种稀有海洋生物和植物的家园，它们在维持海洋生态系统的平衡方面扮演着重要角色。根据“...maintaining the...of the marine ecosystem”及首字母提示可知，这里表示平衡，balance“平衡”，为不可数名词，作maintaining的宾语。故填balance。 2．句意：大堡礁是在漫长的时间里由微小的珊瑚虫形成的。根据“The Great Barrier Reef was...by tiny coral polyps over a long period of time.”及首字母提示可知，这里表示被形成，form“形成”，为动词，此处用过去分词与was构成被动语态。故填formed。 3．句意：然而，近年来，它面临许多威胁。污染和气候变化已经导致礁石部分区域褪色和死亡，这使许多科学家和环保主义者感到担忧。根据“it has faced many threats...which has...many scientists…”及首字母提示可知，这里表示使许多科学家和环保主义者感到担忧，alarm“使警觉/担忧”，为动词，此处用动词的过去分词与has构成现在完成时。故填alarmed。 4．句意：每年，成千上万的游客被这一奇观所吸引，渴望体验大自然的力量。根据“thousands of tourists are...to this amazing sight”及首字母提示可知，这里表示成千上万的游客被这一奇观所吸引，attract“吸引”，为动词，此处用过去分词与are构成被动语态。故填attracted。 5．句意：我们应该承担起保护这些宝藏的责任，以便子孙后代也能欣赏它们的美并从它们的历史中学习。根据“admire their...”及首字母提示可知，这里表示以便子孙后代也能欣赏它们的美，beauty“美丽”，为不可数名词，作admire的宾语。故填beauty。 6．句意：从深邃的海洋到高耸的山脉，大自然的奇观总能激起我们心中的敬畏与尊敬。根据“nature’s wonders never fail to...awe and respect in our hearts.”及首字母提示可知，这里表示大自然的奇观总能激起我们心中的敬畏与尊敬，inspire“激发”，为动词，fail to do...表示“不能做……”。故填inspire。 Passage 5 The world’s largest rainforest, the Amazon, c 1 40 percent of South America. It makes about one-fifth of the earth’s oxygen. People c 2 it“the lungs of our planet”. However, the rainforest is in d 3 now. A large fire broke out in the Amazon and it lasted for many d 4 . In fact, the Amazon has seen a large number of fires. B 5 January and August in 2019, there were about 73,000 fires. Most of the fires came f 6 human activities. Farmers in the Amazon have long used fire to prepare land for planting. But these fires can e 7 get out of control. The Brazilian g 8 has sent soldiers to fight the fires. But scientists have said that it will t 9 around 20 to 40 years to rebuild the forest’s ecosystem. They have a 10 said that the fires have destroyed 15 to 17 percent of the rainforest. 【答案】1．covers/overs 2．call/all 3．danger/anger 4．days/ays 5．Between/etween 6．from/rom 7．easily/asily 8．government/overnment 9．take/ake 10．also/lso 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍亚马孙雨林的重要性（覆盖南美40%、提供全球1/5氧气），2019年火灾频发、人为原因、政府应对及生态系统恢复所需时间，呼吁关注雨林保护。 【详解】1．句意：世界上最大的雨林——亚马孙，覆盖了南美洲40%的面积。该处需一个动词，在句中作谓语；前文“the world’s largest rainforest”为主语，后文“40 percent”为宾语，提示语义与“占据面积”相关；主语为单数，时态为一般现在时，要求使用第三人称单数形式。结合首字母“c”，应填covers。 2．句意：人们称它为“地球之肺”。该处需一个动词，在句中作谓语；前文“people”为主语，后文“it ‘the lungs...’”为宾语补足语，提示语义与“称呼”相关；主语为复数，时态为一般现在时，要求使用动词原形。结合首字母“c”，应填call。 3．句意：然而，雨林现在正处于危险之中。该处需一个名词，在句中作介词“in”的宾语；前文“however”表转折，后文“fires broke out”提示负面情况，因此语义与“危险”相关；介词in要求使用名词形式。结合首字母“d”，应填danger。 4．句意：一场大火在亚马逊爆发，并持续了许多天。该处需一个名词，在句中作介词“for”的宾语；前文“lasted”提示时间持续，后文“many”修饰复数名词，提示语义与“天数”相关；结合首字母“d”，应填days。 5．句意：在2019年1月至8月期间，发生了约73,000起火灾。该处需一个介词，在句中与“and”构成短语作时间状语；后文“January and August”为两个并列时间点，提示语义与“在……之间”相关；固定搭配between...and...，要求使用介词原形。结合首字母“B”及句首位置，应填Between。 6．句意：大部分火灾来自人类活动。该处需一个介词，在句中与“came”构成谓语；前文“came”提示来源，后文“human activities”为来源对象，提示语义与“来自”相关；结合固定搭配come from和首字母“f”，应填from。 7．句意：但这些火灾很容易失控。该处需一个副词，在句中修饰动词短语“get out of control”；前文“fires can”提示能力，后文“get out of control”为结果，提示语义与“容易地”相关；结合首字母“e”，应填easily。 8．句意：巴西政府已派士兵灭火。该处需一个名词，在句中作主语；前文“Brazilian”为形容词提示名词，后文“has sent”为谓语，提示语义与“政府”相关；结合首字母“g”，应填government。 9．句意：但科学家表示，重建森林生态系统将需要大约20到40年。该处需一个动词，在句中作谓语；前文“it will”为形式主语，后文“to rebuild...”为真正主语，提示语义与“花费时间”相关；结合固定句型it takes + 时间 + to do和首字母“t”，应填take。 10．句意：他们还表示，火灾已破坏了15%至17%的雨林。该处需一个副词，在句中作状语；前文“have said”为谓语，后文“that”从句为宾语，提示语义与“也、还”相关；结合首字母“a”，应填also。 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 （22-23九年级上·天津红桥·期中）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Save the Sharks (鲨鱼)! Many have heard of shark fin (鱼翅) soup. But do you r 1 that you’re killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup? When people catch sharks, t 2 cut off their fins and throw the sharks back into the sea. This is not o 3 cruel (残酷的), but also harmful to the environment. Without a fin, a shark can no l 4 swim and slowly dies. Sharks are at the t 5 of the food chain in the sea’s ecosystem. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all sea life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered b 6 they are the strongest in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 m 7 sharks are caught and traded (交易) in this industry (工业) every year. The numbers of some kinds of sharks harks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 or 30 years. Environmental protection groups around the world, s 8 as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”. They have even asked governments to develop laws (法律) to s 9 the sale of shark fins. So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them? Help s 10 the sharks. 【答案】1．(r)ealize/(r)ealise 2．(t)hey 3．(o)nly 4．(l)onger 5．(t)op 6．(b)ecause 7．(m)illion 8．(s)uch 9．(s)top 10．(s)ave 【导语】本文讲述了鲨鱼因为“鱼翅汤”这道名菜而处于濒危状态，倡导人们拒食鱼翅以保护海洋生态环境，拯救鲨鱼。 1．句意：但你有没有意识到，每次你享用一碗鱼翅汤的时候，你都在杀死一整条鲨鱼？根据“you’re killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup”可知问是否意识到这个事实，realize/realise“意识到”，根据“do”可知主语后用动词原形。故填(r)ealize/(r)ealise。 2．句意：当人们捕捉鲨鱼时，他们割下鲨鱼的鳍，把鲨鱼扔回海里。根据“When people catch sharks”可知用they指代上文提到的人们，在句中作主语。故填(t)hey。 3．句意：这不仅残忍，而且对环境有害。not only ... but also ... “不仅……而且……”。故填(o)nly。 4．句意：没有鳍，鲨鱼就不能再游泳，慢慢地死去。根据“Without a fin”可知没有了鳍，鲨鱼不再能游泳，no longer“不再”。故填(l)onger。 5．句意：鲨鱼在海洋生态系统中处于食物链的顶端。根据“they are the strongest in their food chain”可知在海洋生态系统中处于食物链顶端，top“顶部”。故填(t)op。 6．句意：许多人认为鲨鱼永远不会濒临灭绝，因为它们是食物链中最强壮的。“they are the strongest in their food chain”是很多人认为鲨鱼永远不会濒临灭绝的原因，用because引导原因状语从句。故填(b)ecause。 7．句意：但事实上，每年大约有七千万只鲨鱼在这个行业被捕获和交易。根据“around 70 m... sharks are caught”可知此处表示被捕鲨鱼的数量，结合首字母m可知用million表示“百万”。故填(m)illion。 8．句意：世界各地的环境保护组织，如野生救援组织和世界自然基金会，正在向公众传授“割鳍”的知识。such as“例如”。故填(s)uch。 9．句意：他们甚至要求政府制定法律，禁止鱼翅的销售。根据“to develop laws”可知立法的目的是阻止鱼翅的销售，stop“阻止”，动词不定式作目的状语。故填(s)top。 10．句意：帮助拯救鲨鱼。help do sth.“帮忙做某事”，根据“so why eat them”可知倡导不吃鱼翅，拯救鲨鱼，save“拯救”。故填(s)ave。 Passage 2 （24-25九年级下·天津河北·阶段检测）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Animals play so many important roles in our lives. Some animals such as cows and sheep, p 1 us with food. Pets are our friends, and other animals even work for us. Above all, every animal-big or small-can fill us with a sense of the wonder of the n 2 world. Unluckily, we don’t always value this. Many animals are in danger b 3 of our actions, and millions of animals in the world are b 4 treated. World Animal Day reminds us, at least for one day a year, “to celebrate animal life in all its forms” and “to be thankful for the way in which animals enrich (使丰富) our lives”. World Animal Day was started in 1931 in Florence, Italy. It made us pay attention to the p 5 of endangered animals around the world. It is now celebrated in most countries around the world. The day f 6 on October 4th every year. All over the world on this day, volunteers r 7 money for animal centres. Museums and zoos organise (组织) special events. Schools have also j 8 animal projects. The p 9 of these activities is to show us how we could improve our relationship with animals. If you want to take part, you could help an animal or organise a money-raising event for a local charity (慈善机构). The important thing is just to be a 10 to join. We should offer animals as much as they offer us. 【答案】1．provide/rovide 2．natural/atural 3．because/ecause 4．badly/adly 5．problem/roblem 6．falls/alls 7．raise/aise 8．joined/oined 9．purpose/urpose 10．active/ctive 【导语】本文主要介绍了“世界动物日”的由来、意义以及人们在这一天可以参与的活动，同时强调了动物在人类生活中的重要性以及我们应如何善待动物。 1．句意：一些动物如牛和羊为我们提供食物。根据语境可知一些动物为我们提供食物，provide sb. with sth.表示“为某人提供某物”，所以此处填provide。 2．句意：最重要的是，无论大小的动物都能带给我们对自然界奇妙之美的感受。结合常识，动物能让我们感受到自然世界的奇妙，natural world表示“自然世界”，故填natural。 3．句意：许多动物因我们的行为而面临危险，全世界有数百万只动物受到残忍的对待。because of意为“因为，由于”，这里指很多动物处于危险中是因为我们的行为，所以填because。 4．句意：许多动物因我们的行为而面临危险，全世界有数百万只动物受到残忍的对待。根据前文提到我们不重视动物，可知很多动物受到不好的对待，badly是副词，修饰动词treated，表示“糟糕地，恶劣地”，故填badly。 5．句意：它让我们关注世界各地濒危动物的情况。结合语境，世界动物日让我们关注濒危动物的问题，problem表示“问题”，所以填problem。 6．句意：每年的这一天都是10月4日。fall on表示“（节日、事件等）适逢，正当”，这里指世界动物日是每年的10月4日，故填falls。 7．句意：全世界在这个日子里，志愿者们为动物中心筹集资金。raise money意为“筹集资金”，所以填raise。 8．句意：学校也参与了与动物相关的项目。join表示“加入”，根据语境学校也加入了动物项目，且句子用的是现在完成时，结构是“have/has+过去分词”，join的过去分词是joined，故填joined。 9．句意：这些活动的目的就是向我们展示我们可以如何改善与动物的关系。根据语境可知这些活动的目的是让我们知道如何改善与动物的关系，purpose表示“目的”，所以填purpose。 10．句意：重要的是要以积极的态度加入。be active to do sth.表示“积极做某事”，这里指重要的是积极参与，故填active。 Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·江苏盐城·期中）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空限填一词。 The natural world is filled with living things. Living things start out weak and small, and s 1 grow strong and big. You are a living thing. Flowers, grass and trees are living things, too. Bees, ants, dogs and cats—these are all living things. All living things need food and water to s 2 . From these basic needs, living things get the strength to grow. Think about y 3 . If you are hungry, you need to eat. You eat fruit, vegetables, meat and fish. They can p 4 you with energy. You drink water every time you feel thirsty. Now think about a tree. W 5 a tree is hungry, it gets food from the soil (土壤). Trees drink water, too. We are different in some ways, but all living things are connected. We are all on the same planet, and we depend on each other. If we pollute the rivers and oceans, fish may get s 6 or even die. Some birds l 7 on fish. If the birds eat these fish, they may die. This can have t 8 effects on ecosystems. Nature is a b 9 between all the living things on the planet. If one species (物种) dies off, then another species may die off, followed by another, and another... We must a 10 now. We should respect the earth and protect all the living things on it. 【答案】1．slowly/lowly 2．survive/urvive 3．yourself/ourself 4．provide/rovide 5．When/hen 6．sick/ick 7．live/ive 8．terrible/errible 9．balance/alance 10．act/ct 【导语】本文介绍自然界生物的特点、生存需求与相互联系，呼吁人们行动起来保护地球与所有生物。 1．句意：生物一开始弱小，然后慢慢变得强壮高大。根据前句“start out weak and small”以及首字母提示可知，生物从弱小到强大是一个渐进过程，此处指慢慢变得强壮高大，slowly“慢慢地”，副词。故填slowly。 2．句意：所有生物都需要食物和水来生存。根据“need food and water”以及首字母提示可知，食物和水是生物存活的基本条件，survive“生存，存活”，动词，to后接动词原形。故填survive。 3．句意：想想你自己。根据后文“If you are hungry, you need to eat.”以及首字母提示可知，此处是让读者从自身角度思考，yourself“你自己”，反身代词。故填yourself。 4．句意：它们可以为你提供能量。根据“eat fruit, vegetables, meat and fish”以及首字母提示可知，食物能给人提供能量，provide“提供”，动词，情态动词后接动词原形。故填provide。 5．句意：当一棵树饿了的时候，它从土壤里获取食物。根据句子结构和首字母提示可知，此处需要引导时间状语从句的连词，When“当……时”，连词，符合语境。故填When。 6．句意：如果我们污染河流和海洋，鱼可能会生病甚至死亡。根据“even die”以及首字母提示可知，污染先导致鱼生病，严重时会死亡，sick“生病的”，形容词。故填sick。 7．句意：一些鸟以鱼为食。根据后文“If the birds eat these fish, they may die.”以及首字母提示可知，此处是固定搭配，live on“以……为生”，动词短语；陈述事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为复数，动词用原形。故填live。 8．句意：这会对生态系统产生可怕的影响。根据“If the birds eat these fish, they may die.”以及首字母提示可知，这种破坏带来的影响是糟糕的，terrible“可怕的，糟糕的”，形容词。故填terrible。 9．句意：大自然是地球上所有生物之间的一种平衡。根据“If one species dies off, then another species may die off...”以及首字母提示可知，自然界存在稳定的平衡关系，balance“平衡”，名词。故填balance。 10．句意：我们现在必须行动起来。根据后文“We should respect the earth and protect all the living things on it.”以及首字母提示可知，此处指采取行动保护自然，act“行动”，动词，情态动词后接动词原形。故填act。 Passage 4 （24-25九年级上·江苏南通·阶段检测）根据短文内容及首字母提示, 填写所缺单词, 使短文意思完整, 每空限一词。 Many have heard of shark fin soup (鱼翅汤). This famous and expensive d 1 is especially popular in southern China. But do you know that you’re killing a whole shark each t 2 you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup? When people c 3 sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the sharks back into the sea. It is l 4 cutting off your arms and legs and then leaving you bleeding (流血) to death. This is not only cruel (残忍), but also harmful to the sea. W 5 a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain (链条) in the ocean’s ecosystem (生态系统). If their numbers d 6 too low, it will bring huge problems to all sea life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered as they are the strongest in their food chain. But the f 7 is that around 70 million sharks are caught and traded in this industry every year. A r 8 says the numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. Some countries, like the US and the UK, have made l 9 to stop people buying and selling shark fins. No scientific studies show that shark fins are of value in making people healthy and strong. I 10 scientists say they can cause health problems, so why eat them? Help save the sharks! 【答案】1．(d)ish 2．(t)ime 3．(c)atch 4．(l)ike 5．(W)ithout 6． (d)rop 7．(f)act 8．(r)eport 9． (l)aws 10． (I)nstead 【导语】本文主要讲了人们为了喝鱼翅汤，大量捕杀鲨鱼，导致鲨鱼数量下降，从而整个海洋生态系统处在危险之中，作者呼吁人们禁止捕杀鲨鱼。 【详解】1．句意：这种著名而昂贵的菜在中国南方尤其流行。根据“Many have heard of shark fin soup”可知此处指鱼翅汤这种菜，dish“菜”，名词用单数。故填(d)ish。 2．句意：但你知道吗，每次享用一碗鱼翅汤，你都会杀死一整条鲨鱼？根据“you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup”可知是每次享用一碗鱼翅汤，each time“每次”。故填(t)ime。 3．句意：人们捕杀鲨鱼时，他们割下鲨鱼的鳍，把鲨鱼扔回海里。根据“sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the sharks back into the sea”可知是人们抓住鲨鱼时，会割下鲨鱼的鳍，catch“抓住”，句子用一般现在时，主语是people，谓语动词用原形。故填(c)atch。 4．句意：这就像割下你的胳膊和腿，然后让你流血致死。根据“cutting off your arms and legs and then leaving you bleeding (流血) to death”可知割鲨鱼的鳍就像割下你的胳膊和腿，然后让你流血致死，like“像”。故填(l)ike。 5．句意：如果没有鳍，鲨鱼就不能再游泳，慢慢地就会死亡。根据“a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies”可知是没有鳍，鲨鱼就不能再游泳，慢慢地就会死亡，without“没有”。故填(W)ithout 。 6．句意：如果它们的数量下降得太低，将给所有海洋生物带来巨大的问题。根据“too low, it will bring huge problems to all sea life”可知是数量下降得太低，将给所有海洋生物带来巨大的问题，drop“下降”，if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现，从句用一般现在时，主语是名词复数，谓语动词用原形。故填(d)rop。 7．句意：但事实是，每年约有7000万只鲨鱼在这个行业被捕获和交易。根据“around 70 million sharks are caught and traded in this industry every year”可知每年约有7000万只鲨鱼在这个行业被捕获和交易，这是事实，fact“事实”，名词用单数。故填(f)act。 8．句意：一份报告称，在过去的20到30年里，某些种类的鲨鱼数量下降了90%以上。根据“says the numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.”可知这是报告的内容，report“报告”，名词用单数。故填(r)eport。 9．句意：一些国家，如美国和英国，已经制定了法律来阻止人们买卖鱼翅。根据“to stop people buying and selling shark fins.”可知是国家制定法律阻止人们买卖鱼翅，law“法律”，表示泛指用名词复数。故填(l)aws。 10．句意：相反，科学家说鱼翅会导致健康问题，那为什么要吃鱼翅呢？根据“No scientific studies show that shark fins are of value in making people healthy and strong...scientists say they can cause health problems,”可知没有科学研究表明鱼翅对使人健康强壮有价值，相反，科学家说鱼翅会导致健康问题，instead“相反”。故填(I)nstead。 Passage 5 （23-24九年级下·江苏镇江·阶段检测）阅读短文，首字母填空。 Three years ago, I took an online honors biology class through the Johns Hopkins Center for Talented Youth. It o 1 me different classes and camps. I ended up taking over 90 pages of notes on all of the concepts(概念) that were c 2 within the class and I was also quizzed on every unit. In addition to the quizzes, I also had to complete interactive(交互的) labs, w 3 allowed me to work with many different types of materials. I g 4 to study ecosystems(生态系统) at the beach, collect different leaves and flowers and learn about flower structures. I even began to create a sample (样本) of my own DNA． Although it was hard to keep up with my classwork, I made a schedule and stuck to it as w 5 as I could. Some lab students also wrote reports about lab procedures (程序). To do this, I had to form a hypothesis(假设) about what I thought would h 6 in the lab. Although all of the labs were q 7 interesting, I had to study hard for the midterm and the f 8 . Both tests were full of questions that required detailed answer. I reviewed all of my coursework and notes. L 9 , I did well on my exam! This class has helped prepare me for future s 10 classes. 【答案】1．(o)ffers 2．(c)overed 3．(w)hich 4．(g)ot 5．(w)ell 6．(h)appen 7．(q)uite 8．(f)inal 9．(L)uckily 10．(s)cience 【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了作者第一次上线上的生物课程的经历，通过这次经历，作者明白了，尽管授课形式不一样，但是课堂准备和笔记记录及课后复习都是不能忽略的良好的学习习惯。 【详解】1．句意：它为我提供不同的课程和营地。根据“different classes and camps”可知，此处是提供不同的课程和营地。短语offer sb. sth.“提供给某人某物”，此处是一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词变第三人称单数，offer是动词，提供，故填(o)ffers。 2．句意：最后，我做了90多页的笔记，介绍了课堂上涉及的所有概念，并对每个单元进行了测验。此处是定语从句，先行词是concepts，和谓语动词之间从在被动关系，cover是动词，覆盖，此处是一般过去时态的被动语态，其结构是be covered with…“涵盖”，故填(c)overed。 3．句意：我还必须完成交互式实验室，这使我能够处理许多不同类型的材料。根据“allowed me to work with many different types of materials.”可知，此处是定语从句，修饰整个句子用which，故填(w)hich。 4．句意：我开始在海滩上研究生态系统，收集不同的叶子和花，学习花的结构。根据“study ecosystems at the beach, collect different leaves and flowers and learn about flower structures.”可知，此处是开始去做某事，get to do sth.“开始做某事”。根据语境是一般过去时态，get的过去式是got，故填(g)ot。 5．句意：我制定了一个时间表，并尽可能地坚持下去。as …as+主语+could，表示“尽可能……的去做”，as well as I could“并尽可能好地……”。well是副词，好地，此处是副词修饰动词，故填(w)ell。 6．句意：要做到这一点，我必须对我认为在实验室里会发生什么形成一个假设。would加动词原形，在实验室里会发生什么形成一个假设。happen是动词，发生。故填(h)appen。 7．句意：虽然所有的实验都很有趣，但我必须为期中考试和期末考试努力学习。根据“I had to study hard for the midterm and the final.”可知，此处是所有的实验十分有趣，quite是副词，很，十分，后加形容词，故填(q)uite。 8．句意：但我必须为期中考试和期末考试努力学习。根据“I had to study hard for the midterm”可知，此处是期中和期末考试努力学习。故填(f)inal。 9．句意：幸运的是，我考试考得很好！根据“I did well on my exam!”可知，此处是幸运地是，故填(L)uckily。 10．句意：我考试考得很好！这门课帮助我为将来的科学课做好了准备。根据“Both tests were full of questions that required detailed answer. I reviewed all of my coursework and notes. …, I did well on my exam!”可知，这门课帮助我为将来的科学课做好了准备，science是名词，科学。故填(s)cience。 Passage 6 （23-24九年级下·江苏盐城·阶段检测）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。 The spring is the best time to harvest fresh tea leaves. Locals in Lancang Lahu autonomous county of Yunnan province celebrated the beginning of the tea-picking season with a spirited activity held at Jingmai Mountain. This yearly event, which t 1 place towards the end of March, is a tradition among local ethnic minorities (少数民族) such as the Blang and Dai. It is a perfect opportunity to show respect for the tea forest, w 2 has been around for centuries, as well as to their ancestors (祖先) before harvesting the gifts of nature. Jingmai Mountain, known for its forests of ancient tea trees, has been an i 3 part of the locals’ lives for years. People here have continued to use an ancient method of planting tea with a special ecosystem. “The key to keeping harmony b 4 humans and nature is the natural use of land in the Jingmai Mountain,” said Xiong Dengkui, an researcher with the Lancang county museum. The village has been built halfway up the mountain, close to the tea forest in the middle of the mountain, while farmland is in lower areas with rich water. “All the treasures will be u 5 up, and only the tea forest will provide for our children and their children all the time,” said a local Blang villager. The w 6 of the ancestors made the tea forest and village last for around a thousand years. Today, tea gardens cover an area of more than 9, 000 mu (600 hectares) and produce an annual output of more than 200 tonnes, helping nearly 500 household i 7 their incomes (收入). A growing number of villagers are b 8 managing the tea factories. Many are selling tea t 9 the Internet and sharing details of their daily lives and work on social media platforms. The recent development in the modern tea industry reminds Jingmai of taking better care of their ancient tea forests, as well as avoiding planting o 10 crops in the tea forests, the local government has taken certain actions to protect the ancient tea forests. 【答案】1．(t)akes 2．(w)hich 3．(i)mportant 4．(b)etween 5．(u)sed 6．(w)isdom 7．(i)ncrease 8．(b)usy 9．(t)hrough 10．(o)ther 【导语】本文主要介绍了随着采摘季节的邻近，当地人在云南省的景迈山举行了一场热烈的采茶仪式来庆祝采茶季节的开始，并介绍了当地茶叶的种植历史以及茶林的发展情况。 1．句意：这个每年三月底举行的活动是当地少数民族的传统，如布朗族和傣族。take place“举行”，固定短语；which指的是“This yearly event”，为单数，且时态为一般现在时，故动词应用三单。故填(t)akes。 2．句意：这是一个完美的机会，在收获大自然的礼物之前，向已经存在了几个世纪的茶林以及他们的祖先表示尊重。此句为定语从句，先行词“the tea forest”指物，故应用which，引导非限制性定语从句。故填(w)hich。 3．句意：景迈山以其古老的茶树林而闻名，多年来一直是当地人生活的重要组成部分。根据“Jingmai Mountain, known for its forests of ancient tea trees”可知，景迈山的茶树林是当地人生活的重要组成部分；important“重要的”，符合语境。故填(i)mportant。 4．句意：在景迈山，保持人与自然和谐的关键是土地的自然利用。between ... and“在……和……之间”，固定短语。故填(b)etween。 5．句意：所有的宝藏都会用完，只有茶林才能一直供养我们的孩子和他们的孩子。use up“用完，用光”；根据“will be”可知，此处应用过去分词used，构成一般将来时的被动语态。故填(u)sed。 6．句意：祖先的智慧使茶林和茶村持续了大约一千年。根据“The ... of the ancestors made the tea forest and village last for around a thousand years.”及首字母可知，此处指祖先的智慧；wisdom“智慧，才智”，名词，符合语境。故填(w)isdom。 7．句意：如今，茶园占地面积超过9000亩（600公顷），年产量超过200吨，帮助近500户家庭增加了收入。根据“helping nearly 500 household ... their incomes (收入).”及首字母可知，此处指帮助500户家庭增加了收入；increase“增加”，动词；help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”。故填(i)ncrease。 8．句意：越来越多的村民忙于管理茶厂。根据“A growing number of villagers are ... managing the tea factories.”及首字母可知，此处指忙于管理茶厂，busy“忙碌的”，be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”。故填(b)usy。 9．句意：许多人通过互联网销售茶叶，并在社交媒体平台上分享他们日常生活和工作的细节。根据“Many are selling tea ... the Internet”及首字母可知，通过互联网销售茶叶；through“通过”，介词。故填(t)hrough。 10．句意：最近现代茶业的发展提醒景迈要更好地照顾他们的古茶林，以及避免在茶林中种植其他作物，当地政府已经采取了一定的措施来保护古茶林。根据“avoiding planting ... crops in the tea forests”可知，避免在茶林里种植其他农作物，other“其他的”，修饰名词。故填(o)ther。 Passage 7 （23-24九年级上·湖北武汉·期中）Deep within the rainforest of Southeast Asia, an animal walks on a tree. Its two big, round eyes s 1 for food, with only the light of the moon to go by. This is a t 2 night for the endangered slow loris (蜂猴). These tiny, reddish-brown primates, between 18 cm and 38 cm long, live in trees and only come out at night. During the day, they sleep on the tree. They roll up in a ball to h 3 from danger. Slow lorises m 4 eat insects, fruit, eggs, small birds, etc. They have the l 5 tongue in the primate family when you take body s 6 into considering. This tongue is used to lick sap (舔汁) from trees and also for p 7 . When a slow loris r 8 its arms, it’s trying to protect itself by using its long tongue to lick a sweat gland (汗腺) under its arm. The gland produces something that becomes a dangerous poison (毒药) when it’s mixed with the slow loris’s saliva (唾液). This makes the cute slow loris the world’s only known venomous (有毒的) primate! For protection, slow lorises use their tongues to c 9 their babies in poison to scare away any enemy. Unluckily, the slow loris has f 10 to protect itself from human beings. The animal has been very popular in the pet trade. This means the amazing slow loris faces a very uncertain future. What do you think we should do to protect it? 【答案】1．(s)earch 2．(t)ypical 3．(h)ide 4 ．(m)ainly 5．(l)ongest 6．(s)ize 7．(p)rotection 8．(r)aises 9．(c)over 10．(f)ailed 【分析】本文主要讲了蜂猴这种濒危动物的习性，体型以及怎么保护自己的。 【详解】1．句意：它的两只又大又圆的眼睛在寻找食物，只有月亮的光可以通过。根据“an animal walks on a tree. Its two big, round eyes...for food”可知它在寻找食物，固定短语search for“寻找”，主语为复数名词，动词用原形，故填(s)earch。 2．句意：对于濒危的蜂猴来说，这是一个平常的夜晚。根据下文” These tiny, reddish-brown primates, between 18 cm and 38 cm long, live in trees and only come out at night. During the day, they sleep on the tree“可知它们白天睡觉，晚上出来，所以晚上出来觅食对蜂猴来说是很平常的。typical”典型的，平常的“符合，故填(t)ypical。 3．句意：他们卷成一团以躲避危险。根据“...from danger. ”结合单词首字母可知卷成一团是为了躲避危险，hide“躲避”，和空前to构成动词不定式，故填(h)ide。 4．句意：蜂猴主要吃昆虫、水果、蛋、小鸟等。此处需要一个副词来修饰后面的动词，根据“...eat insects, fruit, eggs, small birds, etc”结合单词首字母可知应填“主要”，mainly“主要地”，是副词，故填(m)ainly。 5．句意：当你考虑到它们的体型时，它们的舌头是灵长类动物家族中最长的。空前有定冠词the，空后有名词，根据“...tongue in the primate family”可知是在灵长类家族里它们的舌头最长，longest“最长的”，故填(l)ongest。 6．句意：当你考虑到它们的体型时，它们的舌头是灵长类动物家族中最长的。根据句意以及空前的body可推出是身体体型，size“体型”，故填(s)ize。 7．句意：这种舌头用来舔树上的树液，也用来保护自己。根据下文“it’s trying to protect itself by using its long tongue to lick a sweat gland (汗腺) under its arm”可知舌头也可以保护自己，for后加名词作宾语，protection“保护”，故填(p)rotection。 8．句意：当一只蜂猴举起手臂时，它试图用它的长舌头舔它手臂下的汗腺来保护自己。根据“...by using its long tongue to lick a sweat gland (汗腺) under its arm”可知应是举起手臂后才能舔到手臂下的汗腺，raise“举起”，分析语境可知时态为一般现在时，主语是第三单数，故填(r)aises。 9．句意：为了保护自己，懒猴用舌头把自己的宝宝裹在毒药里以吓跑任何敌人。 。根据“ For protection, slow lorises use their tongues to...”结合单词首字母可知为了保护自己，蜂猴会用自己舌头遮住自己的宝宝，cover“覆盖”，和空前to一起构成动词不定式，故填(c)over。 10．句意：不幸的是，蜂猴无法保护自己免受人类的伤害。根据“...protect itself from human beings. The animal has been very popular in the pet trade”可知是蜂猴未能保护自己免受人类的伤害，fail“失败，未能”符合，根据句子结构可知这是现在完成时，故填(f)ailed。 Passage 8 （24-25九年级下·江苏·随堂练习）Having trouble telling one panda from another? A facial recognition app (面部识别程序) will make it easy for you. The app is d 1 by China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Pandas. The image analysis (图像分析) research began in 2017 and up to now the research center has c 2 about 120,000 images and 10,000 video clips of giant pandas. Close to 10,000 panda pictures have been studied and marked. Using these pictures and facial information, researchers are a 3 to carry out automatic (自动的) facial recognition to tell the d 4 between pandas, the center said. Panda researchers hope AI t 5 will also help them study more about pandas in both reserves and the wild. “The app will help us g 6 more precise information on the population, distribution, ages, gender ratio, deaths of wild pandas, who live in deep mountains and are h 7 to find and mark,” said a researcher. “It will c 8 help us improve efficiency (效率) in protecting animals,” Chen said. China has carried out four scientific field research project of giant pandas in the wild. The giant panda was discovered 150 years ago and named in the city of Ya’an, Sichuan. It r 9 one of the world’s most endangered species (濒危物种). The number of pandas kept by humans was 548 globally as of November last year. Fewer than 2,000 pandas live in the wild, m 10 in the provinces of Sichuan and Shaanxi. With the modern science, the giant pandas are believed to be well studied and protected. 【答案】1．(d)eveloped/(d)esigned 2．(c)ollected 3．(a)ble 4．(d)ifferences 5．(t)echnology 6．(g)ather 7．(h)ard 8．(c)ertainly 9．(r)emains 10．(m)ostly/(m)ainly 【导语】本文主要介绍了一款运用自动面部识别技术的应用程序，它有助于大熊猫的保护。 【详解】1．句意：这款应用由中国大熊猫保护研究中心开发/设计。根据“The app is ... by China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Pandas.”和首字母可知，这款应用应是由中国大熊猫保护研究中心开发或设计的，且由“by”可知是被动语态，is后加过去分词。develop“开发”，过去分词是developed；design“设计”，过去分词是designed。故填(d)eveloped/(d)esigned。 2．句意：图像分析研究始于2017年，到目前为止，研究中心已经收集了大约12万张大熊猫的图像和1万段视频片段。根据“up to now the research center has ... about 120,000 images and 10,000 video clips of giant pandas”和首字母可知，研究中心应是收集图像和视频，且由“up to now”可知是现在完成时，has后加动词过去分词。collect“收集”，过去分词是collected。故填(c)ollected。 3．句意：该中心表示，利用这些图片和面部信息，研究人员能够进行自动面部识别，以区分大熊猫之间的差异。根据“Using these pictures and facial information, researchers are ... to carry out automatic (自动的) facial recognition to tell the ... between pandas”和首字母可知，利用图片和面部信息，研究人员能够进行自动面部识别，be able to do“能够做某事”，固定短语。故填(a)ble。 4．句意：该中心表示，利用这些图片和面部信息，研究人员能够进行自动面部识别，以区分大熊猫之间的差异。根据“carry out automatic (自动的) facial recognition to tell the ... between pandas”和首字母可知，自动面部识别的目的是区分大熊猫之间的差异，difference“差别”，可数名词，用复数表示泛指。故填(d)ifferences。 5．句意：熊猫研究人员希望人工智能技术也能帮助他们更多地了解保护区和野生大熊猫。根据“AI ... will also help them study more about pandas”和首字母可知，人工智能技术有助于他们的研究。technology“技术”，不可数名词。故填(t)echnology。 6．句意：这款应用程序将帮助我们收集有关野生大熊猫的数量、分布、年龄、性别比例、死亡等更精确的信息。根据“The app will help us ... more precise information”和首字母可知，这款应用程序有助于收集大熊猫的信息。gather“收集”，will后加动词原形，构成一般将来时。故填(g)ather。 7．句意：这些野生大熊猫生活在深山中，很难找到和标记。根据“who live in deep mountains”和首字母可知，大熊猫生活在深山中，所以很难找到和标记它们，hard“困难的”，形容词作表语。故填(h)ard。 8．句意：这肯定会帮助我们提高保护动物的效率。根据上文可知，这款应用程序有助于收集大熊猫的信息，能标记到生活在深山的大熊猫。所以推知应是肯定提高保护大熊猫的效率。certainly“无疑、确定”，副词修饰动词help。故填(c)ertainly。 9．句意：它仍然是世界上最濒危的物种之一。根据“IThe number of pandas kept by humans was 548 globally as of November last year. Fewer than 2,000 pandas live in the wild”和首字母可知，大熊猫至今仍然是世界上最濒危的物种之一，且该句是一般现在时，主语是三单，动词用三单形式。remain“仍然是、保持不变”，三单形式是remains。故填(r)emains。 10．句意：目前只有不到2000只野生大熊猫，大部分生活在四川和陕西。根据“Fewer than 2,000 pandas live in the wild, ... in the provinces of Sichuan and Shaanxi.”和首字母可知，大部分的大熊猫生活在四川和陕西，且此处是副词修饰整个句子。mostly/mainly“大部分”，副词。故填mostly/mainly。 Passage 9 （25-26九年级下·江苏南京·期中）Have you ever walked along the beach and seen piles of plastic waste? Or read news about sea animals hurt by plastic rubbish? These are part of ocean plastic pollution, a serious p 1 that the whole world is facing. Ocean plastic is a global problem which is c 2 by human activities. Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste runs into the sea through rivers. This waste s 3 breaks down into tiny pieces called microplastics, which enter the food chain and do harm to both sea life and human health. In China, many coastal cities are taking action to f 4 this problem. For example, Shenzhen has set up special recycling stations along the coastline. A 5 measure is to organize volunteer beach cleanup activities on weekends. Thousands of citizens take part in them every year, picking up plastic bottles and bags. Many schools also hold educational activities to teach students about ocean protection. Students learn that even small acts in daily life can make a big d 6 . For example, saying no to single-use plastic products can reduce waste at the source. B 7 the cleanup work, scientists are also looking for new ways to deal with microplastics. Some research teams have developed special materials that can collect tiny plastic pieces from seawater e 8 . Protecting the ocean is not just for the beauty of nature; it is also v 9 for human survival. However, there is still a long way to go, as the problem cannot be solved o 10 . Everyone should take responsibility and take action to protect our blue home. 【答案】1．problem/roblem 2．caused/aused 3．slowly/lowly 4．fight/ight 5．Another/nother 6．difference/ifference 7．Besides/esides 8．effectively/ffectively 9．vital/ital/valuable/aluable 10．overnight/vernight 【导语】本文围绕海洋塑料污染这一全球性难题展开，介绍污染成因、我国沿海城市采取的各类治理举措，同时指出科研层面的探索，强调保护海洋对人类生存至关重要，治理之路任重道远，需要每个人行动起来。 【详解】1．句意：这些都是海洋塑料污染的一部分，是全世界正面临的严峻难题。 该处需单数名词作同位语；首字母p，结合前文讲述塑料污染的种种危害，提示语义为“难题、问题”，不定冠词a后用单数名词，故填problem。 2．句意：海洋塑料是由人类活动造成的全球性问题。该处需过去分词构成被动语态；首字母c，结合后文讲述数百万吨塑料垃圾流进海洋，提示语义为cause“造成”，先行词problem和动词cause是被动关系，be caused by意为“由……造成”，故填caused。 3．句意：这些废弃物会慢慢分解成名为微塑料的微小碎片，进入食物链，危害海洋生物与人类健康。 该处需副词修饰动词breaks down；首字母s，结合常识塑料降解速度缓慢，slow“缓慢”的副词形式为slowly，故填slowly。 4．句意：在中国，许多沿海城市正采取行动应对这一问题。固定搭配take action to do sth.to“采取行动做某事”，后接动词原形；结合后文深圳设立回收站等行动，提示语义为“对抗”，fight this problem表示“对抗/解决问题”，对应首字母f，故填fight。 5． 句意：另一项举措是在周末组织志愿者海滩清理活动。 前文讲了深圳设立回收站这一措施，此处引出第二种措施，another表示“另一、又一”，对应首字母A，句首大写，故填Another。 6． 句意：学生们了解到，日常生活里微小的举动也能产生巨大影响。a big后接名词；固定搭配make a big difference意为“产生重大影响”，对应首字母d。故填difference。 7．句意：除了清理工作之外，科学家也在寻找处理微塑料的新方法。前文讲地面清理行动，后文讲科研层面的探索，B开头对应Besides，表示“除……之外（还有）”，句首大写。 8．句意：一些研究团队研发特殊材料，能高效从海水中收集微小塑料碎片。新材料能有效地从海水中收集微塑料，副词修饰动词collect，e开头对应effectively。 9．句意：保护海洋不只是为了自然之美，它对人类生存也至关重要。该处需形容词作表语；首字母v对应vital（至关重要的）或valuable（极重要的）均贴合语境，be vital/valuable for 表示 “对……很重要”，故填vital/valuable。 10．句意：然而前路漫漫，这个问题无法一夜之间被解决。 结合前文“还有很长的路要走”，可知这个问题没法一夜之间就解决，o开头对应overnight。 Passage 10- （2026·天津武清·二模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 When night falls, we turn on the lights to make our cities beautiful. However, few people know that too much light can be a k 1 of pollution. It is called “light pollution”, and it is becoming a serious problem around the world. Light pollution doesn’t just stop us from seeing the s 2 . It also causes many problems for animals. For example, fireflies (萤火虫) use their own light to talk to e 3 other and find their partners. But when the city lights are too b 4 , fireflies cannot see partners’ signals (信号) clearly. As a result, it is difficult for them to produce more babies. Another example is about birds. Many birds fly at night by f 5 the light of the moon. Bright city lights can confuse (使困惑) them, and some birds may lose their way or even h 6 tall buildings. Besides, light pollution can affect human health in different ways. If you sleep with the lights on, your body will think it is s 7 daytime and cannot rest well. This might make you feel t 8 or even develop some illnesses. Doctors say that the dark is necessary for a good sleep b 9 it helps our bodies produce a special hormone (激素) to keep us healthy. To help solve this problem, many cities are starting to take action. They have decided to turn off unnecessary lights in public places a 10 midnight. We can also do our part in our daily lives. Darkness is as important as light. Let’s work together to protect the dark night so that we can enjoy the beautiful stars and live a healthier life. 【答案】1．kind/ind 2．stars/tars 3．each/ach 4．bright/right 5．following/ollowing 6．hit/it 7．still/till 8．tired/ired 9．because/ecause 10．after/fter 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。通过阐述光污染对生态、动物及人类健康的影响，呼吁保护暗夜环境。 【详解】1．句意：然而很少有人知道，过多的光可能是一种污染。此处指“一种污染”，应用名词kind“种类”，构成固定搭配a kind of。 2．句意：光污染不仅阻止我们看星星。灯光会掩盖星光，应用复数名词stars“星星”。 3．句意：萤火虫用自己的光互相交流并寻找伴侣。此处是固定搭配each other“互相”。 4．句意：当城市灯光太亮时，萤火虫无法清晰看到伴侣的信号。“fireflies cannot see partners’ signals clearly”说明，灯光太“亮”会影响信号接收，bright“明亮的”，形容词。 5．句意：许多鸟类通过跟随月光在夜间飞行。此处指“跟随”月光，介词by后应用follow的动名词形式following。 6．句意：一些鸟类可能迷路甚至撞上高楼。迷路后可能撞击建筑物，主语是复数形式，应用动词原形hit“撞击”。 7．句意：如果你开灯睡觉，你的身体会认为仍是白天。开灯时身体误以为“仍然”是白天，still“仍然”。 8．句意：这可能让你感到疲惫甚至生病。“cannot rest well”说明，睡眠不足会导致“疲惫”，应填形容词tired“疲惫的”。 9．句意：黑暗对良好睡眠是必要的，因为它帮助身体产生特殊激素。后句解释前句原因，应用连词because“因为”连接。 10．句意：他们决定在午夜之后关闭公共场所不必要的灯。“turn off unnecessary lights … midnight”说明，关灯时间在午夜“之后”，after“在……之后”。 ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $