Unit 5 A fine balance 语法填空（热点题型专练）英语新教材外研版九年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦语法填空“词形变化+逻辑关系”双维度，构建“类型-技巧-话题”三维训练体系，融合生态保护主题提升语言运用与文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |热点题型概览|方法总结|无提示词（冠/介/连）与有提示词（名/动/形/副/代）分类突破，明确词形变化规则与逻辑关系判断技巧|从词类特征到语法功能，形成“词法知识-语境应用”推导链条| |巩固基础·专项突破|6篇短文|动词时态/非谓语、名词单复数、形容词比较级等核心考点针对性训练|以生态保护话题为载体，实现语法规则与语篇理解的融合| |培优拔高·挑战攻坚|9篇模拟题|结合中考真题趋势，强化固定搭配与复杂语境下的词形转换|通过真实语料提升思维品质，培养问题解决与策略运用能力|

Unit 5 A fine balance 语法填空题型专练（话题：人与社会——生态保护） 热点题型概览 语法填空 1.无词形变化的词题， 一般是3个或4个小题，近年来，只考查了冠词、关联词（连词）和介词等三类词； 2.有词形变化的词题， 即要填词的正确形式， 一般是6个或7个小题，常考查了代词的四种格式，谓语动词的时态和、非谓语动词、形容词或副词的词类转化、疑问词等几种情况。 根据设题规律，可将语法填空题的基本思路归纳成下表： 有提示词 1.名词 A.名词出现的背景 动词后作宾语、介词后作宾语、冠词之后、数词之后 B.名词词形技巧：主要考虑名词的单复数及其所有格形式。 2.动词 A.动词出现的背景 主宾或介宾之间的动词．be动词后的动词：进行时与被动语态；情态动词之 后缺动词；并列关系中的动词；主谓分离后的谓语动词形式；分词后置作定语：过去分词和现在分词。 B.动词词形技巧： 主要考虑是要填动词的谓语形式(原形、第三人称单数、过去式、现在分词及 其过去分词形式。)还是填动词的非谓语形式(不定式，现在分词，过去分词) 3.形容词 A.形容词出现的背景 作表语、作定语修饰名词、用在某些动词后作宾语补足语 B.形容词词形技巧： 主要考虑形容词原形、比较级、最高级形式。 4.副词 A.副词出现的背景 A．句首，作状语修饰整个句子 B．在动宾结构之后或系表结构之间表程度、方式、频率等，修饰动词 C. 在所修饰的形容词之前，作程度副词 B.副词词形技巧：主要考虑副词原形、比较级、最高级形式。 5. 代词 代替前文出现的人、物或一件事（主要人称、物主、反身代词的变化） 无提示词 6. 介词 注意常用的介词用法和固定搭配 7. 连词 注意上下文及句子之间的逻辑关系 8. 冠词 a\an\the的用法区分 9. 平时的学习和做题过程中也要注意积累固定搭配和固定句型，培养语感。 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 Have you ever imagined a world 1 humans? It is 2 interesting thought. In such a world, all human activities would stop. Streets would remain empty, 3 factories would stop producing smoke. Animals would soon 4 (increase) in number. Without the noise of traffic, they could hear each other 5 (easy). Sea animals would not be troubled by tourists. Ecosystems would 6 (balance) again. Trees would grow freely without 7 (cut) down. The air would become cleaner, and natural wonders 8 were hidden behind smog would appear again. However, we cannot wait 9 imagination becomes reality. We need to think more about how to 10 along with nature. We must protect our planet and permit nature to have her way. Passage 2 阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area. Ecosystems can be of different sizes, from small ponds to large grasslands. Each ecosystem has a role to play and helps keep the balance 1 all its members and the 2 (great) environment. Wetlands only cover about 6% of the earth’s land area. 3 they are home to around 40% of all the types of plants and animals. Plants in wetlands help get rid of 4 (pollute) and make the water clean. Wetlands can also help prevent floods. During heavy 5 (rain), wetlands store water 6 huge sponges. They act like the “kidneys” of the earth. Forests make up nearly a 7 (three) of the earth’s land area. Plants there take in carbon dioxide from the air and produce oxygen. They also trap 8 (harm) things in their leaves and help clean the air. Therefore, people often call forests the “lungs” of the earth. Each of these ecosystems 9 (support) millions of plants and animals. They keep the planet healthy and make our world a 10 (good) place. Passage 3 Many have 1 (hear) of shark fin soup. This famous and expensive dish is especially popular in 2 (south) China. But do you realize that you’re 3 (kill) a whole shark each time you enjoy 4 bowl of shark fin soup? When people catch sharks, they cut 5 their fins and throw the shark back into the ocean. This is not only cruel, but also 6 (harm) to the environment. Without a fin, a shark can no longer swim and 7 (slow) dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem. 8 their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the 9 (strong) in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 million sharks are 10 (catch) and traded in this industry every year. Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is one of the most special ecological areas in the world. It is home to many rare wild animals, 1 (include) the Tibetan antelope. In the 1990s, 2 rapid development of the wool trade made many poachers (偷猎者) kill Tibetan antelopes for their fur. As a result, the number of Tibetan antelopes dropped 3 low that the species was listed as endangered. Over the past 30 years, Chinese 4 (organise) have been working hard on the protection of this fragile ecosystem. Strict rules forbid poaching and stop 5 (industry) activities from destroying the antelopes’ living areas. Furthermore, more and more local people have joined volunteer groups to help 6 (monitor) the antelope population. The protection efforts have achieved great success: the number of Tibetan antelopes 7 (grow) from less than 70,000 in 1995 to over 300,000 in 2024. This story tells us that human activities can have both negative and positive 8 (influence) on nature. When we keep a good balance between development and 9 (protect), we can live in harmony with wild animals. This experience 10 (highlight) the importance of protecting the natural world for future generations. Passage 5 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Fish babies in space! In a space study on zebrafish, Chinese scientists have set a new record. They successfully made four zebrafish 1 (live) and grow in a closed water world. The zebrafish went to China’s space station on the Shenzhou XVIII spaceship on April 25. Since then, they 2 (be) living in a closed fish tank with some plants. The fish grew up and had 3 (they) babies in 43 days. So 4 did the special closed environment work? In fact, the plants made air for the fish and the fish’s waste (排泄物) gave the plants food. The scientists gave the fish food through 5 special needle (针管). Such a closed-loop ecosystem (封闭生态系统) is important for future 6 (study) in space. It means that plants and animals can live in space more simply. The scientists also found that the zebrafish’s behavior (行为) in space was different 7 that on Earth. They often swam on their backs. That’s 8 the low gravity (重力) in space made it possible. On Earth, gravity pulls everything to Earth’s center, and animals can find their way 9 (easy). Gravity also makes their bodies work harder and become 10 (strong), said The Conversation. Humans and zebrafish share 70% of the same genes (基因). So the new finding will help scientists better understand human health. Passage 6 阅读下面的短文，在短文空白处填写一个适当的单词或填入括号里所给的单词的正确形式，使短文的意思完整、句子通顺、语法正确。 You may have heard the saying “The Yangtze River is China’s mother river.” As the world’s 1 (three) longest river, its valley (流域) covers one-fifth of China’s land area. China passed the Yangtze River Protection Law (法律) last year. It is the first law 2 (protect) a waterway in China. It began being carried out 3 March 1, 2021. The “mother river” is in great need of protection 4 something is wrong with it. For example, because of overfishing and water pollution, the river’s Chinese paddlefish (白鲟) have 5 (complete) disappeared after living for 150 million years. It is 6 pity that we can no longer see 7 (they) in the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River Protection Law includes bans (禁止) on activity that could be harmful to the river. It also includes much 8 (heavy) punishments for those who don’t follow the law. Under the law, fishing is banned in all of the Yangtze’s natural waterways. Those who 9 (catch) fish there will be made to give 50,000 to 500,000 yuan as a punishment. Besides, sand mining (采沙) is strictly limited (限制) in the river valley. Many factories used to mine sand along the river. However, this led to low water levels on the river. 10 (Factory) along the river need to give special attention to green development from now on. Those factories that produce dangerous chemicals (化学品) have been ordered to move away. This can make a difference to the protection of the ecosystem of the Yangtze River. 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 （2024·福建泉州·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 According to a report, more than 41 million trees are cut down every day around the world. When you hear this number, you may think more trees should be 1 (plant) to help the environment. But Rome wasn’t built in 2 day and neither are forests. Luckily, Ecosia, a search engine (搜索引擎), is trying to do something to help. It gives away most of its money it makes from ads to tree-planting projects. It means that you can help plant trees just by 3 (watch) ads on the search engine. Ecosia was started by Christian Kroll in 2009. 4 he was learning business at university, Kroll learned how search engines worked and 5 (think) they could raise money for good causes (善举). While traveling after 6 (he) studies, Kroll saw the huge influence of deforestation (滥伐森林) in Argentina and found his good cause: planting trees. “I want to make the world a 7 (green), better place,” he said. Ecosia has around 20 million users and it takes about 45 8 (search) to raise enough money to plant one tree. By 2009, Ecosia has helped plant 9 (many) than 164 million trees in over 35 countries. The tree-planting projects it works with also help to create jobs in countries 10 Burkina Faso and Indonesia, protect endangered animals, and educate people. Passage 2 （2023·青海·一模）The giant panda is one of 1 most popular animals in the world. Although they’re big and heavy, people think of them as funny and cute. So it is not 2 (surprise) that the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) chose the giant panda as 3 (it) symbol. In the early 1980s, there 4 (be) only 1,000 left in the wild. The WWF tells people that the pandas are 5 danger and raises money to save them. The main reason 6 pandas are endangered is that their habitats (栖息地) get smaller. What are people doing 7 (help) save the giant panda? WWF helps giant pandas in the wild in many 8 (way). For example, it’s trying to increase the size of panda reserves. Reserves are places in the wild where pandas can live 9 (safe). Some reserves need to be joined together again by 10 (plant) bamboo. People are working very hard to make sure the giant panda does not die out! Passage 3 （2022·云南昆明·二模）用括号中所给词的适当形式填空，使语篇意思完整，必要时请用否定式。 Many have heard of shark fin soup. This famous and expensive dish is especially popular in the 1 (south) of China. But do you realize that you are killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup? When people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the sharks back into the ocean. This is not only cruel, but also 2 (harm) to the environment. Without a fin, a shark can no longer swim. It won’t be long before it 3 (slow) dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the 4 (ocean) ecosystem. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are 5 (strong) than any other ocean life in their food chain. 6 (but) in fact, around 70 million sharks are caught and traded in this industry every year. The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. Environmental protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “ 7 (fin)” now. They have even asked governments to develop laws 8 (stop) the sale of shark fins. So far, scientific studies 9 (have) shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat 10 (they)? Help save the sharks! Passage 4 （2025·贵州·模拟预测）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 The koala is regarded as one of the most lovable animals. However, animal 1 ( love) will feel sad if they know that this lovable animal has been moved to the endangered species (物种) list. The Australian Koala Foundation says there are somewhere between 43,000 and 100,000 koalas in the 2 (wildly). Their numbers have been dropping 3 ( rapid) because of disease, loss of homes, bush fires, being hit by cars, and other dangers. Blanch from the World Wildlife Fund in Australia said. “Koalas have gone from no-listing to vulnerable (易受攻击的) to endangered in the past ten years. That is a very surprising and terrible speed. Koalas risk sliding toward extinction (灭绝) 4 there are stronger laws to protect their forest homes.” The koala 5 ( mean) a lot to Australia. It is well 6 ( know) worldwide and is a major draw for Australian zoos and wildlife parks. It also often appears in advertisements, games and cartoons, which makes a great contribution (贡献) to the 7 ( develop) of Australia’s tourism. Australia’s Environment Minister Susan Ley said koalas are vulnerable to climate change and disease and that there have been many 8 ( pressure) on them. The government is providing lots of money to increase protection 9 the population and homes of koalas. 10 the help of the government, koalas in New South Wales would become extinct by 2050. Passage 5 （23-24九年级上·山东滨州·期末）阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词成情态动词。 In December, 2021, a new album (专辑) reached No.3 on a main music chart (音乐排行榜). There is one thing very special about this album: the 1 (sing) are birds! The album, Songs of Disappearance, has 54 songs. The main producer is the best wildlife sound recordist. He 2 (record) 53 species (物种) of endangered birds for the album. Each species has a song of 3 (it) own. The 54th song combines (融合) the sounds of all the birds. It 4 (make) by a violinist. The album sold more than 3, 000 copies in two weeks. All the money has been used 5 (protect) the 53 bird species. Buyers also received a small guidebook about these birds. It teaches people how to tell the 6 (different) between their sounds. In Australia, one 7 (six) of the local bird species are 8 (danger). “With the album, we 9 (try) to give a ‘voice’ to our bird friends,” said the main producer. “We hope more people 10 (work) together to make sure these great sounds won’t disappear.” Passage 6 （2026·江苏泰州·一模）Nature is a wonderful system 1 keeps a fine balance for all living things. It 2 (be) made up of forests, rivers, animals and plants. All natural things play important roles in 3 (keep) our planet healthy. Human activity is the main factor 4 breaks natural balance. Cutting down trees and polluting water are 5 (harm) to ecosystems. Such behaviors have a bad influence 6 wildlife survival and lead 7 more environmental problems. Now more people realize the importance of 8 (protect) nature. We should try our best to stop damaging the environment. Small green actions can help nature 9 (return) to a balanced state. Let’s work together to build a greener and 10 (safe) world. Passage 7 （2026·江苏南通·一模）Fish babies in space! In a space study on zebrafish, Chinese scientists have set a new record. They successfully made four zebrafish 1 (live) and grow in a closed water world. The zebrafish went to China’s space station on the Shenzhou XVIII spaceship on April 25. Since then, they 2 (be) living in a closed fish tank with some plants. The fish grew up and had their 3 (baby) in 43 days. So how did the special closed environment work? In fact, the plants 4 (make) air for the fish and the fish’s waste (排泄物) gave the plants food. The scientists gave the fish food through 5 special needle (针管). Such a closed-loop (封闭的) ecosystem is important for future studies in space. It means that plants and animals can live in space more 6 (simple)． The scientists also found that the zebrafish’s behavior (行为) in space was different 7 that on Earth. They often swam on their backs. That’s 8 the low gravity (重力) in space made it possible. On Earth, gravity pulls everything to Earth’s center, and animals can find their way 9 (easy). Gravity also makes their bodies work harder and become 10 (strong), said The Conversation. Humans and zebrafish share 70% of the same genes (基因). So the new finding will help scientists better understand human health. Passage 8 （2026·四川绵阳·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的词或括号内单词的正确形式（不超过三个单词）。 Feel down? Hug a tree! Recently, many Chinese young people have turned to trees to help with their stress. Although it sounds strange, there’s a science behind the act of tree-hugging. It can be explained by the “biophilia hypothesis” (亲生命假说). It 1 (point) out by US scientist Edward Wilson in 1984. He said that humans 2 (be) born to love being around other living things. Humans’ love for nature is “in 3 (we) DNA”. This idea helps to explain why people prefer natural, green views to city views. It’s also one of the reasons 4 people love cute pets. Some studies have looked into why tree-hugging can help with our health. A study in 2021 reported that the activity can increase oxytocin (催产素). It’s a hormone responsible 5 feelings. The 6 (high) the level of oxytocin is, the calmer and happier you may be. Hugging trees for only 21 seconds can lead to 7 increase in oxytocin. Another hormone 8 (call) cortisol (皮质醇) is a marker of stress. The brain produces more cortisol when the person is anxious, angry, or very sad. Hugging trees helps cut cortisol production, which makes us feel better. 9 (important), keep in mind that we shouldn’t hurt nature while doing it, though the activity is helpful to us. Trees often hold 10 (value) ecosystems. Many small creatures live on the tree — and they are too small to be seen. You may want to be gentle when hugging trees — just like how you hug a friend! Passage 9 （2026·江苏苏州·一模）请认真阅读下面短文，在横线上填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dear Friends, Have you ever wondered what life would be like without trees? Trees are among the 1 (important) living things on Earth. They provide us with oxygen, food, wood, and medicine. They also make our planet beautiful. A single large tree can produce enough oxygen for four people each day. Trees also absorb carbon dioxide, 2 helps fight climate change. In addition, they prevent soil erosion (侵蚀) and provide homes for countless 3 (animal). 4 (sad), forests around the world are disappearing at an alarming rate. Every year, millions of acres of forest 5 (cut) down for farming, building, and other human activities. This has a terrible effect 6 our environment. The good news is that we can all help. Planting a tree is a simple action 7 makes a big difference. You can also reduce paper waste by using 8 (little) paper and recycling whenever possible. Many countries have started reforestation programs. China, for example, has planted billions of trees over the 9 (past) few decades. These efforts are slowly 10 (help) to restore damaged ecosystems. Remember, every tree counts. What will you do to help protect our forests? Yours sincerely, Environmental Protection Club ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 A fine balance 语法填空题型专练（话题：人与社会——生态保护） 热点题型概览 语法填空 1.无词形变化的词题， 一般是3个或4个小题，近年来，只考查了冠词、关联词（连词）和介词等三类词； 2.有词形变化的词题， 即要填词的正确形式， 一般是6个或7个小题，常考查了代词的四种格式，谓语动词的时态和、非谓语动词、形容词或副词的词类转化、疑问词等几种情况。 根据设题规律，可将语法填空题的基本思路归纳成下表： 有提示词 1.名词 A.名词出现的背景 动词后作宾语、介词后作宾语、冠词之后、数词之后 B.名词词形技巧：主要考虑名词的单复数及其所有格形式。 2.动词 A.动词出现的背景 主宾或介宾之间的动词．be动词后的动词：进行时与被动语态；情态动词之 后缺动词；并列关系中的动词；主谓分离后的谓语动词形式；分词后置作定语：过去分词和现在分词。 B.动词词形技巧： 主要考虑是要填动词的谓语形式(原形、第三人称单数、过去式、现在分词及 其过去分词形式。)还是填动词的非谓语形式(不定式，现在分词，过去分词) 3.形容词 A.形容词出现的背景 作表语、作定语修饰名词、用在某些动词后作宾语补足语 B.形容词词形技巧： 主要考虑形容词原形、比较级、最高级形式。 4.副词 A.副词出现的背景 A．句首，作状语修饰整个句子 B．在动宾结构之后或系表结构之间表程度、方式、频率等，修饰动词 C. 在所修饰的形容词之前，作程度副词 B.副词词形技巧：主要考虑副词原形、比较级、最高级形式。 5. 代词 代替前文出现的人、物或一件事（主要人称、物主、反身代词的变化） 无提示词 6. 介词 注意常用的介词用法和固定搭配 7. 连词 注意上下文及句子之间的逻辑关系 8. 冠词 a\an\the的用法区分 9. 平时的学习和做题过程中也要注意积累固定搭配和固定句型，培养语感。 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 Have you ever imagined a world 1 humans? It is 2 interesting thought. In such a world, all human activities would stop. Streets would remain empty, 3 factories would stop producing smoke. Animals would soon 4 (increase) in number. Without the noise of traffic, they could hear each other 5 (easy). Sea animals would not be troubled by tourists. Ecosystems would 6 (balance) again. Trees would grow freely without 7 (cut) down. The air would become cleaner, and natural wonders 8 were hidden behind smog would appear again. However, we cannot wait 9 imagination becomes reality. We need to think more about how to 10 along with nature. We must protect our planet and permit nature to have her way. 【答案】1．without 2．an 3．and 4．increase 5．more easily 6．balance 7．being cut 8．that/which 9．till/until 10．get 【导语】本文主要介绍了一个没有人类的世界，描述了自然界可能发生的积极变化，同时呼吁人类思考如何与自然和谐共处，保护地球。 【详解】1．句意：你曾想象过一个没有人类的世界吗？根据“In such a world, all human activities would stop.”可知，所有人类活动都停止了，说明是没有人类的世界，空处表示“没有”，应用介词without，意为“没有”，与名词humans构成介词短语作后置定语。 2．句意：这是一个有趣的想法。thought为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一个有趣的想法”，interesting以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。 3．句意：街道将空无一人，工厂将停止排放烟雾。空处连接两个并列分句，表示并列关系，应用连词and。 4．句意：动物的数量很快就会增加。空前为情态动词would，后接动词原形，increase意为“增加”，应用原形。 5．句意：没有交通噪音，它们能更容易地听到彼此。空处修饰动词hear，应用easy的副词形式easily，且根据语境表示“更容易地”，应用比较级more easily。 6．句意：生态系统将再次恢复平衡。空前为情态动词would，后接动词原形，balance在此处作动词，意为“恢复平衡”，应用原形。 7．句意：树木将自由生长，不被砍伐。空前为介词without，后接动名词，且trees与cut down之间为被动关系，应用动名词的被动形式being cut。 8．句意：隐藏在雾霾后面的自然奇观将再次出现。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词“natural wonders”，并在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which。 9．句意：然而，我们不能等到想象变成现实。此处表示“直到……才”，构成“not...until/till...”结构，强调我们不能一直等到想象变成现实才行动，应用连词till或until引导时间状语从句。 10．句意：我们需要更多地思考如何与自然相处。how to do sth意为“如何做某事”，get along with意为“与……相处”，固定短语，get应用原形。 Passage 2 阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area. Ecosystems can be of different sizes, from small ponds to large grasslands. Each ecosystem has a role to play and helps keep the balance 1 all its members and the 2 (great) environment. Wetlands only cover about 6% of the earth’s land area. 3 they are home to around 40% of all the types of plants and animals. Plants in wetlands help get rid of 4 (pollute) and make the water clean. Wetlands can also help prevent floods. During heavy 5 (rain), wetlands store water 6 huge sponges. They act like the “kidneys” of the earth. Forests make up nearly a 7 (three) of the earth’s land area. Plants there take in carbon dioxide from the air and produce oxygen. They also trap 8 (harm) things in their leaves and help clean the air. Therefore, people often call forests the “lungs” of the earth. Each of these ecosystems 9 (support) millions of plants and animals. They keep the planet healthy and make our world a 10 (good) place. 【答案】1．between 2．greater 3．But 4．pollution 5．rain 6．like 7．third 8．harmful 9．supports 10．better 【导语】本文讲述了生态系统包含区域内所有生物与非生物要素，介绍了湿地、森林等不同生态系统的作用，说明它们维持着成员与环境的平衡，让地球保持健康、让世界更美好。 【详解】1．句意：每个生态系统都扮演着角色，帮助保持其所有成员和更大环境之间的平衡。固定搭配“keep the balance between...and...”，意为“保持……和……之间的平衡”，表示两者之间的关系。 2．句意：每个生态系统都扮演着角色，帮助保持其所有成员和更大环境之间的平衡。括号内所给词为great，结合上下文需用形容词比较级，表示“更大的环境”，与“所有成员”形成对比，强调环境的范围更大。 3．句意：湿地仅占地球陆地面积的约6%，但它们是约40%的动植物种类的家园。前半句说明湿地面积小，后半句说明其对动植物的重要性，前后为转折关系，需用转折连词but，句首首字母大写。 4．句意：湿地中的植物有助于清除污染并使水变干净。 get rid of后需接名词作宾语， pollute的名词形式为pollution（不可数名词）。 5．句意：在大雨期间，湿地像巨大的海绵一样储存水。 heavy修饰名词，rain作“雨水”讲时为不可数名词，此处表示“大雨期间”，用原形即可。 6．句意：在大雨期间，湿地像巨大的海绵一样储存水。 固定搭配“act like...”，意为“像……一样运作/起作用”，表示湿地储存水的方式像海绵。 7．句意：森林约占地球陆地面积的三分之一。表示分数时，分母用序数词，a third表示“三分之一”，为分数表达法“a+序数词”，three的序数词为third。 8．句意：它们还在叶子中捕获有害物质并帮助净化空气。此处需用形容词修饰名词things，harm的形容词形式为harmful（有害的）。 9．句意：这些生态系统中的每一个都支撑着数百万的动植物。主语Each of these ecosystems为单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式supports。 10．句意：它们保持地球健康，并使我们的世界成为一个更好的地方。结合上下文，此处暗含与之前状态的比较，即“使世界变得更美好”，需用形容词比较级better（更好的）。 Passage 3 Many have 1 (hear) of shark fin soup. This famous and expensive dish is especially popular in 2 (south) China. But do you realize that you’re 3 (kill) a whole shark each time you enjoy 4 bowl of shark fin soup? When people catch sharks, they cut 5 their fins and throw the shark back into the ocean. This is not only cruel, but also 6 (harm) to the environment. Without a fin, a shark can no longer swim and 7 (slow) dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem. 8 their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the 9 (strong) in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 million sharks are 10 (catch) and traded in this industry every year. 【答案】1．heard 2．southern 3．killing 4．a/one 5．off 6．harmful 7．slowly 8．If 9．strongest 10．caught 【导语】本文通过揭示鱼翅汤背后的残酷事实和对生态环境的破坏，阐述了鲨鱼数量锐减的现状及其对海洋生态系统的危害，表达了作者反对捕杀鲨鱼、保护海洋环境的立场。 【详解】1．句意：许多人都听说过鱼翅汤。根据句意，此处应用现在完成时态，主语Many是复数，助动词用have。故填heard。 2．句意：这道著名而昂贵的菜肴在中国南方尤其受欢迎。这里需要用一个形容词来修饰China，表示“南方的”。故填southern。 3．句意：但是你是否意识到，每次你享用一碗鱼翅汤时，你都在杀死一整条鲨鱼？根据“each time”可知，本句在描述一个经常性的、现在依然存在的事实，应用现在进行时态，主语是you。故填killing。 4．句意：但是你是否意识到，每次你享用一碗鱼翅汤时，你都在杀死一整条鲨鱼？此处bowl为单数可数名词，且以辅音音素开头。故填a/one。 5．句意：当人们捕获鲨鱼后，他们会割下它们的鱼鳍，然后把鲨鱼扔回海里。cut off是固定短语，意为“切下，割下”。故填off。 6．句意：这不仅是残酷的，而且对环境有害。空格前有is，后面是介词to，此处需要填一个形容词作表语。be harmful to是固定搭配，意为“对……有害”。故填harmful。 7．句意：没有了鱼鳍，鲨鱼就无法游泳，并慢慢地死去。这里需要用一个副词来修饰动词dies，表示“缓慢地死去”。故填slowly。 8．句意：如果它们的数量下降得太低，将会给所有海洋生物带来危险。分析句子结构，前后两句是条件关系，意为“如果……，就……”。故填If。 9．句意：许多人认为鲨鱼永远不会濒危，因为它们是食物链中最强大的。空格前有定冠词the，这里需要用形容词的最高级形式。故填strongest。 10．句意：但事实上，每年有大约七千万条鲨鱼在这个行业中被捕获和交易。主语sharks是动作的承受者，应用被动语态，结构是“are + 过去分词”。故填caught。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is one of the most special ecological areas in the world. It is home to many rare wild animals, 1 (include) the Tibetan antelope. In the 1990s, 2 rapid development of the wool trade made many poachers (偷猎者) kill Tibetan antelopes for their fur. As a result, the number of Tibetan antelopes dropped 3 low that the species was listed as endangered. Over the past 30 years, Chinese 4 (organise) have been working hard on the protection of this fragile ecosystem. Strict rules forbid poaching and stop 5 (industry) activities from destroying the antelopes’ living areas. Furthermore, more and more local people have joined volunteer groups to help 6 (monitor) the antelope population. The protection efforts have achieved great success: the number of Tibetan antelopes 7 (grow) from less than 70,000 in 1995 to over 300,000 in 2024. This story tells us that human activities can have both negative and positive 8 (influence) on nature. When we keep a good balance between development and 9 (protect), we can live in harmony with wild animals. This experience 10 (highlight) the importance of protecting the natural world for future generations. 【答案】1．including 2．the 3．so 4．organisations 5．industrial 6．to monitor/monitor 7．has grown 8．influences 9．protection 10．highlights 【导语】本文主要介绍了青藏高原上藏羚羊数量由减少到恢复的保护历程，强调了人类在发展与环境保护之间保持平衡的重要性。 【详解】1．句意：这里栖息着许多珍稀野生动物，其中包括藏羚羊。根据空前的完整主句“It is home to many rare wild animals”可知，此处需用介词引出包含的例子，表示“包括藏羚羊在内”。 2．句意：20世纪90年代，羊毛贸易快速发展，许多偷猎者为获取皮毛猎杀藏羚羊。根据空后的“rapid development of the wool trade”可知，此处特指羊毛贸易的快速发展，需用定冠词表特指。 3．句意：结果，藏羚羊数量锐减，该物种被列为濒危物种。根据空后的“that the species was listed as endangered”可知，此处是“so…that…”固定句型，表示“如此……以至于……”，说明数量下降得如此之低以至于被列为濒危物种。 4．句意：在过去30年间，中国各类组织一直致力于保护这片脆弱的生态系统。根据空前的形容词“Chinese”以及空后的谓语动词“have been working”可知，此处需填入可数名词复数作主语。organise的名词形式为organisation，其复数为organisations。 5．句意：严苛法规禁止偷猎，阻止工业活动破坏藏羚羊栖息地。根据空后的名词“activities”可知，此处需用形容词作定语修饰名词，表示“工业活动”。industry对应的形容词为industrial。 6．句意：此外，越来越多当地居民加入志愿队伍，协助监测藏羚羊种群数量。根据空前的动词“help”可知，此处是固定搭配help (to) do sth.，表示“帮助做某事”，需用动词原形或动词不定式。 7．句意：保护工作成效显著：藏羚羊数量从1995年不足7万只增长至2024年30万只以上。根据前句“The protection efforts have achieved great success”可知，此处是在具体说明取得的成功，数量增长这一动作从1995年一直持续到现在的2024年，且对现在造成了积极影响，应用现在完成时。主语“the number of Tibetan antelopes”表示“藏羚羊的数量”，谓语动词需用单数形式。 8．句意：这个事例告诉我们：人类活动对自然既能产生负面影响，也能带来积极影响。根据空前的“both negative and positive”可知，人类活动对自然的影响既有消极的也有积极的，影响不止一个，需用可数名词复数形式。 9．句意：当我们在发展与保护之间维持良好平衡，就能与野生动物和谐共处。根据空前的介词“between”以及并列连词“and”可知，此处需与前文的名词“development”保持词性一致，作介词的宾语。protect的名词形式为protection。 10．句意：这段经历凸显出为子孙后代保护自然环境的重要意义。根据主语“This experience”为第三人称单数，且整句陈述的是一个客观结论，应用一般现在时，谓语动词需加-s。 Passage 5 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Fish babies in space! In a space study on zebrafish, Chinese scientists have set a new record. They successfully made four zebrafish 1 (live) and grow in a closed water world. The zebrafish went to China’s space station on the Shenzhou XVIII spaceship on April 25. Since then, they 2 (be) living in a closed fish tank with some plants. The fish grew up and had 3 (they) babies in 43 days. So 4 did the special closed environment work? In fact, the plants made air for the fish and the fish’s waste (排泄物) gave the plants food. The scientists gave the fish food through 5 special needle (针管). Such a closed-loop ecosystem (封闭生态系统) is important for future 6 (study) in space. It means that plants and animals can live in space more simply. The scientists also found that the zebrafish’s behavior (行为) in space was different 7 that on Earth. They often swam on their backs. That’s 8 the low gravity (重力) in space made it possible. On Earth, gravity pulls everything to Earth’s center, and animals can find their way 9 (easy). Gravity also makes their bodies work harder and become 10 (strong), said The Conversation. Humans and zebrafish share 70% of the same genes (基因). So the new finding will help scientists better understand human health. 【答案】1．live 2．have been 3．their 4．how 5．a 6．studies 7．from 8．because 9．easily 10．stronger 【导语】本文介绍了中国科学家在关于斑马鱼的太空研究中创下新纪录，让四条斑马鱼在封闭水环境中生活成长，它们在太空的鱼箱中繁衍后代，还介绍了封闭生态系统的运作原理、斑马鱼在太空和地球上行为的不同及原因，以及这一发现对理解人类健康的帮助。 1．句意：在中国科学家进行的一项关于斑马鱼的太空研究中，他们成功地让四条斑马鱼在一个封闭的水世界里生存和成长。根据“They successfully made four zebrafish...and grow in a closed water world.”可知，句中“make sb. do sth.”是固定用法，表示“让某人做某事”，所以此处要用动词原形“live”。故填live。 2．句意：从那时起，它们就一直生活在一个装有一些植物的封闭鱼缸里。根据“Since then, they...living in a closed fish tank with some plants.”可知，句中“since then”是现在完成进行时的标志，其结构是“have/has been+现在分词”，主语“they”是复数，助动词用“have”，“be”的现在分词是“been”。故填have been。 3．句意：这些鱼在43天内长大并生下了它们的宝宝。根据“The fish grew up and had...babies in 43 days.”可知，句中“babies”是名词，前面要用形容词性物主代词来修饰，“they”的形容词性物主代词是“their”。故填their。 4．句意：那么这个特殊的封闭环境是如何起作用的呢？根据“So...did the special closed environment work?”及后面的回答可知，此处是在询问方式，所以应该使用疑问副词“how”。故填how。 5．句意：科学家们通过一个特殊的针管给鱼喂食。根据“The scientists gave the fish food through...special needle”可知，句中此处表示“一个”特殊的针管，是泛指，“special”是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词“a”。故填a。 6．句意：这样的一个封闭生态系统对未来的太空研究很重要。根据“Such a closed-loop ecosystem is important for future...in space.”可知，句中“future”表示“未来”，未来的太空研究不止一项，所以要用“study”的复数形式“studies”。故填studies。 7．句意：科学家们还发现，斑马鱼在太空中的行为与在地球上的不同。根据“The scientists also found that the zebrafish’s behavior in space was different...that on Earth.”可知，句中此处“be different from”是固定短语，意为“与……不同”。故填from。 8．句意：那是因为太空中的低重力使这成为可能。根据“That’s...the low gravity in space made it possible.”可知，句中“That’s because...”是固定句型，用来解释原因，意为“那是因为……”。故填because。 9．句意：在地球上，重力把一切都拉向地球的中心，动物们能轻松地找到它们的路。根据“On Earth, gravity pulls everything to Earth’s center, and animals can find their way...”可知，“find their way”是动词短语，要用副词来修饰，“easy”的副词形式是“easily”。故填easily。 10．句意：《对话》杂志称，重力也使它们的身体更加努力地工作，变得更强壮。根据“Gravity also makes their bodies work harder and become...said The Conversation.”可知，这里是把在太空中和在地球上动物身体的情况作比较，暗含比较的意思，所以要用“strong”的比较级“stronger”。故填stronger。 Passage 6 阅读下面的短文，在短文空白处填写一个适当的单词或填入括号里所给的单词的正确形式，使短文的意思完整、句子通顺、语法正确。 You may have heard the saying “The Yangtze River is China’s mother river.” As the world’s 1 (three) longest river, its valley (流域) covers one-fifth of China’s land area. China passed the Yangtze River Protection Law (法律) last year. It is the first law 2 (protect) a waterway in China. It began being carried out 3 March 1, 2021. The “mother river” is in great need of protection 4 something is wrong with it. For example, because of overfishing and water pollution, the river’s Chinese paddlefish (白鲟) have 5 (complete) disappeared after living for 150 million years. It is 6 pity that we can no longer see 7 (they) in the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River Protection Law includes bans (禁止) on activity that could be harmful to the river. It also includes much 8 (heavy) punishments for those who don’t follow the law. Under the law, fishing is banned in all of the Yangtze’s natural waterways. Those who 9 (catch) fish there will be made to give 50,000 to 500,000 yuan as a punishment. Besides, sand mining (采沙) is strictly limited (限制) in the river valley. Many factories used to mine sand along the river. However, this led to low water levels on the river. 10 (Factory) along the river need to give special attention to green development from now on. Those factories that produce dangerous chemicals (化学品) have been ordered to move away. This can make a difference to the protection of the ecosystem of the Yangtze River. 【答案】1．third 2．to protect 3．on 4．because 5．completely 6．a 7．them 8．heavier 9．are caught 10．Factories 【导语】本文主要讲述了对长江出台的保护法律。 【详解】1．句意：作为世界的第三长河。此处表示“世界第几最……”，应用序数词。故填third。 2．句意：这在中国是第一部保护水域的法律。句中应用不定式作后置定语修饰名词law。故填to protect。 3．句意：它在2021年3月1号开始实施。具体日期前应用介词on。故填on。 4．句意：“母亲河”非常需要保护，因为它出了问题。根据“The “mother river” is in great need of protection… something is wrong with it. ”可知后半句“出了问题”是原因，应用because引导。故填because。 5．句意：这条河上的中国白鲟在生活了1.5亿年后完全消失了。此处应用副词修饰动词disappeared。故填completely。 6．句意：可惜我们在长江上再也看不到他们了。句型it is a pity that…是个固定句型，表示“……很可惜”。故填a。 7．句意：可惜我们在长江上再也看不到他们了。动词see后应接人称代词宾格。故填them。 8．句意：它还包括对那些不遵守法律的人严厉得多的惩罚。此处much后修饰形容词比较级，应用heavier表示“更重的”。故填heaviler。 9．句意：那些在那里被抓到捕鱼的人将被处以5万至50万元作为惩罚。因为是要罚款，因此是被抓到钓鱼，此处应用被动语态，结构为be+done，句子是一般现在时，who指代those是复数形式，be用are。故填are caught。 10．句意：从现在开始，沿江工厂需要特别关注绿色发展。此处应用名词复数作主语，因为不止一家工厂。故填Factories。 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 （2024·福建泉州·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 According to a report, more than 41 million trees are cut down every day around the world. When you hear this number, you may think more trees should be 1 (plant) to help the environment. But Rome wasn’t built in 2 day and neither are forests. Luckily, Ecosia, a search engine (搜索引擎), is trying to do something to help. It gives away most of its money it makes from ads to tree-planting projects. It means that you can help plant trees just by 3 (watch) ads on the search engine. Ecosia was started by Christian Kroll in 2009. 4 he was learning business at university, Kroll learned how search engines worked and 5 (think) they could raise money for good causes (善举). While traveling after 6 (he) studies, Kroll saw the huge influence of deforestation (滥伐森林) in Argentina and found his good cause: planting trees. “I want to make the world a 7 (green), better place,” he said. Ecosia has around 20 million users and it takes about 45 8 (search) to raise enough money to plant one tree. By 2009, Ecosia has helped plant 9 (many) than 164 million trees in over 35 countries. The tree-planting projects it works with also help to create jobs in countries 10 Burkina Faso and Indonesia, protect endangered animals, and educate people. 【答案】1．planted 2．a/one 3．watching 4．While/When 5．thought 6．his 7．greener 8．searches 9．more 10．like 【导语】本文主要介绍了搜索引擎Ecosia开展植树项目，以及这个项目带来的好处。 【详解】1．句意：当你听到这个数字时，你可能会认为应该种植更多的树木来保护环境。根据“more trees should be ...”可知，此处表达“更多树应该被种”，主语“more trees”和动词plant之间是被动关系，且是含有情态动词的被动语态，结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”，plant的过去分词是planted。故填planted。 2．句意：但罗马不是一天建成的，森林的形成亦是如此。根据“Rome wasn’t built in ... day”可知，此处表达“罗马不是一天建成的”，day是可数名词，需填入a/one“一”。故填a/one。 3．句意：这意味着你只需在搜索引擎上观看广告，就能助力植树。空格前的by意为“凭借；通过”，是介词，后跟动词-ing形式。故填watching。 4．句意：Kroll在大学学习商科时，了解了搜索引擎的运作方式，并认为它们可以为善举筹集资金。根据“... he was learning business at university”可知，这是一个时间状语从句，介绍动作发生的时间背景，表达“当他在大学学习商科时”，while/when都有“当……时”之意，符合语境，句首字母要大写。故填While/When。 5．句意：Kroll在大学学习商科时，了解了搜索引擎的运作方式，并认为它们可以为善举筹集资金。根据“Kroll learned how search engines worked and ... they could raise money for good causes”可知，该句时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，think的过去式是thought。故填thought。 6．句意：学业结束后旅行期间，Kroll目睹了阿根廷滥伐森林带来的巨大影响，从而找到了他要做的善举：植树造林。根据“While traveling after ... studies”可知，需填入形容词性物主代词，修饰名词studies，表示“他的学业”，he的形容词性物主代词是his。故填his。 7．句意：我想让世界变得更绿、更美好。根据“I want to make the world a ..., better place”可知，需填入和better一致的比较级，green的比较级是greener，意为“更绿的”，符合语境。故填greener。 8．句意：Ecosia约有2000万用户，大约需要进行45次搜索就能筹集到足够资金种下一棵树。根据“it takes about 45 ... to raise...”可知，此处search是名词，位于数字45后，search要用复数形式。故填searches。 9．句意：截至2009年，Ecosia已助力在35个以上的国家种植了超过1.64亿棵树。句中有than，需填入many的比较级more，“more than”意为“超过，多于”，符合语境。故填more。 10．句意：它所合作的植树项目还有助于在布基纳法索和印度尼西亚等国家创造就业机会、保护濒危动物和开展科普教育。根据“countries ... Burkina Faso and Indonesia”可知，这两个是举例的国家，介词like意为“像；例如”，符合语境。故填like。 Passage 2 （2023·青海·一模）The giant panda is one of 1 most popular animals in the world. Although they’re big and heavy, people think of them as funny and cute. So it is not 2 (surprise) that the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) chose the giant panda as 3 (it) symbol. In the early 1980s, there 4 (be) only 1,000 left in the wild. The WWF tells people that the pandas are 5 danger and raises money to save them. The main reason 6 pandas are endangered is that their habitats (栖息地) get smaller. What are people doing 7 (help) save the giant panda? WWF helps giant pandas in the wild in many 8 (way). For example, it’s trying to increase the size of panda reserves. Reserves are places in the wild where pandas can live 9 (safe). Some reserves need to be joined together again by 10 (plant) bamboo. People are working very hard to make sure the giant panda does not die out! 【答案】1．the 2．surprising 3．its 4．were 5．in 6．why 7．to help 8．ways 9．safely 10．planting 【导语】本文主要介绍了大熊猫以及人们拯救大熊猫的方法。 【详解】1．句意：大熊猫是世界上最受欢迎的动物之一。根据“one of ... most popular animals”可知，此处是one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数“最……之一”，空处用定冠词the。故填the。 2．句意：因此，世界自然基金会（WWF）选择大熊猫作为其标志也就不足为奇了。根据“it is not”可知，空处用形容词surprising“惊奇的”，作表语。故填surprising。 3．句意：因此，世界自然基金会（WWF）选择大熊猫作为其标志也就不足为奇了。根据“symbol”可知，空处用形容词性物主代词its，修饰名词。故填its。 4．句意：在20世纪80年代早期，野外只剩下1000只。根据“In the early 1980s”可知，时态为一般过去时，结合空后“only 1,000 left”可知，be用were。故填were。 5．句意：世界自然基金会告诉人们大熊猫处于危险之中，并筹集资金来拯救它们。in danger“在危险中”，固定短语。故填in。 6．句意：熊猫濒临灭绝的主要原因是它们的栖息地越来越小。由先行词reason可知，此处应填关系词why。故填 why。 7．句意：人们在做什么来帮助拯救大熊猫？分析句子可知，此处应用不定式表目的。故填to help。 8．句意：世界自然基金会在许多方面帮助野生大熊猫。根据“many”可知，后应跟名词复数。故填ways。 9．句意：保护区是熊猫可以安全生活的野外地方。此处修饰动词live，应填副词safely。故填safely。 10．句意：一些保护区需要通过种植竹子重新连接在一起。由空前介词“by”可知，此处应填动名词planting。故填 planting。 Passage 3 （2022·云南昆明·二模）用括号中所给词的适当形式填空，使语篇意思完整，必要时请用否定式。 Many have heard of shark fin soup. This famous and expensive dish is especially popular in the 1 (south) of China. But do you realize that you are killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup? When people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the sharks back into the ocean. This is not only cruel, but also 2 (harm) to the environment. Without a fin, a shark can no longer swim. It won’t be long before it 3 (slow) dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the 4 (ocean) ecosystem. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are 5 (strong) than any other ocean life in their food chain. 6 (but) in fact, around 70 million sharks are caught and traded in this industry every year. The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. Environmental protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “ 7 (fin)” now. They have even asked governments to develop laws 8 (stop) the sale of shark fins. So far, scientific studies 9 (have) shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat 10 (they)? Help save the sharks! 【答案】1．south 2．harmful 3．slowly 4．ocean’s 5．stronger 6．But 7．finning 8．to stop 9．haven’t 10．them 【导语】本文主要讲述人们为喝鱼翅汤，大量捕杀鲨鱼，导致鲨鱼数量大幅度减少，置整个海洋生态系统处于危险之中，危害环境，作者呼吁人们停止捕杀鲨鱼，去拯救鲨鱼。 【详解】1．句意：这道著名而昂贵的菜肴在中国南方特别受欢迎。根据“in the ... (south) of China”可知此处表示“在中国的南方”，the后用名词south。故填south。 2．句意：这不仅残忍，而且对环境有害。be harmful to“对……有害”。故填harmful。 3．句意：用不了多久它就会慢慢死去。用副词slowly修饰动词dies。故填slowly。 4．句意：在海洋生态系统中，鲨鱼处于食物链的顶端。根据“in the ... (ocean) ecosystem”可知用名词所有格ocean’s修饰ecosystem。故填ocean’s。 5．句意：许多人认为鲨鱼永远不会濒临灭绝，因为它们比食物链中任何其他海洋生物都要强壮。根据“than”可知用比较级stronger。故填stronger。 6．句意：但事实上，每年大约有7000万条鲨鱼被捕捞和交易。此处表示转折，句子开头首字母大写。故填But。 7．句意：世界各地的环境保护组织，如野生救援组织和世界自然基金会，现在都在教公众如何“割鳍”。介词about后接动名词finning。故填finning。 8．句意：他们甚至要求政府制定法律来阻止鱼翅的销售。此处指指定法律的目的是阻止鱼翅销售，用动词不定式to stop作目的状语。故填to stop。 9．句意：到目前为止，科学研究还没有表明鱼翅对健康有益，那么为什么要吃鱼翅呢？根据“so why eat ... ? Help save the sharks!”可知科学研究没有表明鱼翅对健康有益，此处是否定句，用haven’t。故填haven’t。 10．句意：到目前为止，科学研究还没有表明鱼翅对健康有益，那么为什么要吃鱼翅呢？eat后接they的宾格形式them表示“它们”。故填them。 Passage 4 （2025·贵州·模拟预测）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 The koala is regarded as one of the most lovable animals. However, animal 1 ( love) will feel sad if they know that this lovable animal has been moved to the endangered species (物种) list. The Australian Koala Foundation says there are somewhere between 43,000 and 100,000 koalas in the 2 (wildly). Their numbers have been dropping 3 ( rapid) because of disease, loss of homes, bush fires, being hit by cars, and other dangers. Blanch from the World Wildlife Fund in Australia said. “Koalas have gone from no-listing to vulnerable (易受攻击的) to endangered in the past ten years. That is a very surprising and terrible speed. Koalas risk sliding toward extinction (灭绝) 4 there are stronger laws to protect their forest homes.” The koala 5 ( mean) a lot to Australia. It is well 6 ( know) worldwide and is a major draw for Australian zoos and wildlife parks. It also often appears in advertisements, games and cartoons, which makes a great contribution (贡献) to the 7 ( develop) of Australia’s tourism. Australia’s Environment Minister Susan Ley said koalas are vulnerable to climate change and disease and that there have been many 8 ( pressure) on them. The government is providing lots of money to increase protection 9 the population and homes of koalas. 10 the help of the government, koalas in New South Wales would become extinct by 2050. 【答案】1．lovers 2．wild 3．rapidly 4．unless 5．means 6．known 7．development 8．pressures 9．for 10．Without 【导语】本文主要讲述了考拉被列为濒危物种的原因及其对澳大利亚的重要性。 【详解】1．句意：然而，动物爱好者如果知道这种可爱的动物已经被列入濒危物种名单，会感到难过。空处位于animal后，动词feel前，填名词作主语。根据“this lovable animal has been moved to the endangered species list”和提示词可知，知道考拉被列为濒危物种，动物爱好者会伤心。love“爱”，动词，其名词为lover“爱好者”，可数名词，前无冠词修饰，用复数的lovers。故填lovers。 2．句意：澳大利亚考拉基金会表示，野外大约有43000只到100000只考拉。wildly“野生地”，副词。in the wild“在野外”，固定搭配。故填wild。 3．句意：由于疾病、栖息地丧失、森林火灾、被车撞以及其他危险，它们的数量迅速下降。空处填副词，作状语，修饰动词dropping。rapid“快速的”，形容词，其副词为rapidly“快速地”。故填rapidly。 4．句意：除非有更强有力的法律来保护它们的森林家园，否则考拉有可能滑向灭绝。空处填连词，表示假设。除非有法律保护，否则会灭绝。unless“除非”，连词。故填unless。 5．句意：考拉对澳大利亚意义重大。描述事实用一般现在时。空处位于单数主语koala后，填动词三单形式作谓语。mean“意味着”，动词，其三单形式为means。故填means。 6．句意：它在全世界都很出名，是澳大利亚动物园和野生动物公园的主要吸引力。空处位于is well后，填形容词作表语。know“知道”，动词，其形容词为known“出名的”。故填known。 7．句意：它也经常出现在广告、游戏和卡通中，这对澳大利亚旅游业的发展做出了巨大贡献。空处位于the后，of前，填名词作宾语。develop“发展”，动词，其名词为development“发展”，不可数名词。故填development。 8．句意：澳大利亚环境部长苏珊·莱伊表示，考拉容易受到气候变化和疾病的影响，并且它们面临着许多压力。空处位于many后，填可数名词复数。pressure“压力”，可数名词，复数为pressures。故填pressures。 9．句意：政府正在提供大量资金来增加对考拉种群和栖息地的保护。此处指为了考拉种群和栖息地增加保护。空处需要填一个介词，表示“为了”，用for。故填for。 10．句意：如果没有政府的帮助，新南威尔士州的考拉将在2050年灭绝。根据“koalas in New South Wales would become extinct by 2050.”可知，没有政府的帮助，考拉会灭绝。“没有”用without，介词，位于句首首字母大写。故填Without。 Passage 5 （23-24九年级上·山东滨州·期末）阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词成情态动词。 In December, 2021, a new album (专辑) reached No.3 on a main music chart (音乐排行榜). There is one thing very special about this album: the 1 (sing) are birds! The album, Songs of Disappearance, has 54 songs. The main producer is the best wildlife sound recordist. He 2 (record) 53 species (物种) of endangered birds for the album. Each species has a song of 3 (it) own. The 54th song combines (融合) the sounds of all the birds. It 4 (make) by a violinist. The album sold more than 3, 000 copies in two weeks. All the money has been used 5 (protect) the 53 bird species. Buyers also received a small guidebook about these birds. It teaches people how to tell the 6 (different) between their sounds. In Australia, one 7 (six) of the local bird species are 8 (danger). “With the album, we 9 (try) to give a ‘voice’ to our bird friends,” said the main producer. “We hope more people 10 (work) together to make sure these great sounds won’t disappear.” 【答案】1．singers 2．recorded 3．its 4．was made 5．to protect 6．differences 7．sixth 8．endangered 9．are trying 10．will work 【导语】本文主要介绍了一个专辑收录了53种濒危鸟类的歌声，并且所有的收益都用于保护这些濒危的鸟类。 【详解】1．句意：这张专辑有一点很特别：歌手都是鸟！根据下文“He...53 species (物种) of endangered birds for the album.”可知，这张专辑收录了鸟类的歌声，所以此处指歌手都是鸟，singer“歌手”，在句中作主语，根据谓语为“are”可知，此处用复数形式。故填singers。 2．句意：他为这张专辑录制了53种濒危鸟类。此处表示过去发生的事情，句子时态为一般过去时，此处应用过去式recorded“录制”。故填recorded。 3．句意：每个物种都有它自己的歌。one’s own“自己的”，是固定搭配，所以应填its“它的”。故填its。 4．句意：它是一位小提琴家制作的。此处表示过去发生的事情，句子时态为一般过去时；根据空后的“by a violinist”及句子结构可知，句子主语“It”与空处为逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态，应填was made“被制作”。故填was made。 5．句意：所有的钱都用于保护这53种鸟类。protect“保护”，use...to do sth.“用……做某事”，是固定词组。故填to protect。 6．句意：它教人们如何分辨它们声音之间的差异。分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词形式，作宾语，difference“差异”，此处应用复数形式，表示概数概念。故填differences。 7．句意：在澳大利亚，六分之一的当地鸟类濒临灭绝。根据“In Australia, one...of the local bird species are...”的语境可知，此处表示比例，用分数表达，分数在英语中通常通过基数词和序数词共同表达，其中基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母，所以应填sixth。故填sixth。 8．句意：在澳大利亚，六分之一的当地鸟类濒临灭绝。根据“In Australia, one...of the local bird species are...”的语境可知，此处指这些鸟类濒临灭绝，endangered“濒危的”符合。故填endangered。 9．句意：“我们正试图通过这张专辑为我们的鸟类朋友‘发声’，”主要制作人说。根据“With the album, we...to give a ‘voice’ to our bird friends”的语境可知，此处指正在进行的动作，句子时态为现在进行时，主语为“we”，应填are trying“正在试图”。故填are trying。 10．句意：我们希望更多的人能够共同努力，确保这些美妙的声音不会消失。根据“We hope more people...together to make sure these great sounds won’t disappear.”的语境可知，此处表达的是对未来事件的期望或愿望，用一般将来时，所以要填will work“将努力”。故填will work。 Passage 6 （2026·江苏泰州·一模）Nature is a wonderful system 1 keeps a fine balance for all living things. It 2 (be) made up of forests, rivers, animals and plants. All natural things play important roles in 3 (keep) our planet healthy. Human activity is the main factor 4 breaks natural balance. Cutting down trees and polluting water are 5 (harm) to ecosystems. Such behaviors have a bad influence 6 wildlife survival and lead 7 more environmental problems. Now more people realize the importance of 8 (protect) nature. We should try our best to stop damaging the environment. Small green actions can help nature 9 (return) to a balanced state. Let’s work together to build a greener and 10 (safe) world. 【答案】1．which/that 2．is 3．keeping 4．which/that 5．harmful 6．on 7．to 8．protecting 9．return/to return 10．safer 【导语】本文说明了自然系统为生物保持精妙平衡的重要性，指出人类活动是破坏平衡的主要原因及其危害，并呼吁人们采取绿色行动保护自然、恢复平衡。 【详解】1．句意：自然是一个奇妙的系统，它为所有生物保持着精妙的平衡。根据句子结构分析，空格前后都是完整的句子，此处需要一个关系代词引导定语从句，修饰先行词“system”。which/that可用于指代事物，在从句中作主语，符合题意。 2．句意：它由森林、河流、动物和植物组成。根据固定短语be made up of（由……组成），且主语“It”为第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时。be动词需用is。 3．句意：所有自然物在保持地球健康方面都扮演着重要角色。介词“in”后接动词的动名词形式，keep需变为keeping。play important roles in doing sth.意为“在做某事方面起重要作用”。 4．句意：人类活动是破坏自然平衡的主要因素。空格前后都是完整的句子，此处需要一个关系代词引导定语从句，修饰先行词“factor”。which/that用于指代事物，在从句中作主语，符合语境。 5．句意：砍伐树木和污染水源对生态系统有害。根据固定搭配be harmful to（对……有害）可知，此处需要harm的形容词形式harmful，作系动词“are”的表语。 6．句意：这些行为对野生动物生存造成不良影响。根据固定搭配have a bad influence on...（对……有不良影响）可知，此处需要介词on。 7．句意：并导致更多的环境问题。根据固定搭配lead to（导致，引起）可知，此处需要介词to。 8．句意：如今，越来越多的人意识到保护自然的重要性。介词“of”后接动词的动名词形式，protect需变为protecting。the importance of doing sth.意为“做某事的重要性”。 9．句意：小小的绿色行动可以帮助自然恢复平衡状态。根据固定搭配help sb./sth. do sth.（帮助某人/某物做某事）可知，此处可填动词原形或动词不定式，return意为“返回，恢复”，符合语境。 10．句意：让我们共同努力，建设一个更绿色、更安全的世界。根据“and”并列结构可知，此处需要形容词比较级与“greener”并列，修饰“world”。safe的比较级是safer，意为“更安全的”。 Passage 7 （2026·江苏南通·一模）Fish babies in space! In a space study on zebrafish, Chinese scientists have set a new record. They successfully made four zebrafish 1 (live) and grow in a closed water world. The zebrafish went to China’s space station on the Shenzhou XVIII spaceship on April 25. Since then, they 2 (be) living in a closed fish tank with some plants. The fish grew up and had their 3 (baby) in 43 days. So how did the special closed environment work? In fact, the plants 4 (make) air for the fish and the fish’s waste (排泄物) gave the plants food. The scientists gave the fish food through 5 special needle (针管). Such a closed-loop (封闭的) ecosystem is important for future studies in space. It means that plants and animals can live in space more 6 (simple)． The scientists also found that the zebrafish’s behavior (行为) in space was different 7 that on Earth. They often swam on their backs. That’s 8 the low gravity (重力) in space made it possible. On Earth, gravity pulls everything to Earth’s center, and animals can find their way 9 (easy). Gravity also makes their bodies work harder and become 10 (strong), said The Conversation. Humans and zebrafish share 70% of the same genes (基因). So the new finding will help scientists better understand human health. 【答案】1．live 2．have been 3．babies 4．made 5．a 6．simply 7．from 8．because 9．easily 10．stronger 【导语】本文介绍中国科学家借助神舟十八号，在空间站封闭水环境中成功实现斑马鱼生存繁殖，讲解了动植物共生的太空封闭生态系统原理，对比斑马鱼在太空与地球的行为差异，并说明该研究对探索太空生态、研究人类健康具有重要意义。 【详解】1．句意：他们成功让四条斑马鱼在封闭的水环境中存活并生长。“make sb/sth do sth”是固定用法，意为“使某人/某物做某事”，此处用动词原形live。 2．句意：从那以后，它们一直生活在一个有植物的封闭鱼缸里。根据“Since then”可知，此处用现在完成进行时结构“have/has been doing”，主语“they”是复数，用have been。 3．句意：这些鱼长大并在43天内产下了幼崽。“their”后接可数名词复数，baby的复数为babies。 4．句意：植物为鱼儿供给空气，鱼类的排泄物又能给植物提供养分。本段描述过去实验中的过程，且后文谓语gave为过去式，此处用动词make的过去式made。 5．句意：科学家通过一根特殊的针管给鱼喂食。此处泛指“一根特殊针管”，“special needle”是可数名词单数，special以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 6．句意：这意味着动植物在太空可以更简单地生存。此处修饰动词“live”，用simple的副词形式simply。 7．句意：科学家还发现斑马鱼在太空的行为与在地球上不同。“be different from”是固定短语，意为“与……不同”。应填from。 8．句意：那是因为太空中的低重力使这成为可能。前文说明斑马鱼太空的特殊行为，后文解释原因，此处表原因，用because引导表语从句。 9．句意：在地球上，重力将一切拉向地心，动物可以轻松找到方向。此处修饰动词“find”，用easy的副词形式easily。 10．句意：重力也使它们的身体更努力工作，变得更强壮。此处与“work harder”对应，用strong的比较级stronger。 Passage 8 （2026·四川绵阳·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的词或括号内单词的正确形式（不超过三个单词）。 Feel down? Hug a tree! Recently, many Chinese young people have turned to trees to help with their stress. Although it sounds strange, there’s a science behind the act of tree-hugging. It can be explained by the “biophilia hypothesis” (亲生命假说). It 1 (point) out by US scientist Edward Wilson in 1984. He said that humans 2 (be) born to love being around other living things. Humans’ love for nature is “in 3 (we) DNA”. This idea helps to explain why people prefer natural, green views to city views. It’s also one of the reasons 4 people love cute pets. Some studies have looked into why tree-hugging can help with our health. A study in 2021 reported that the activity can increase oxytocin (催产素). It’s a hormone responsible 5 feelings. The 6 (high) the level of oxytocin is, the calmer and happier you may be. Hugging trees for only 21 seconds can lead to 7 increase in oxytocin. Another hormone 8 (call) cortisol (皮质醇) is a marker of stress. The brain produces more cortisol when the person is anxious, angry, or very sad. Hugging trees helps cut cortisol production, which makes us feel better. 9 (important), keep in mind that we shouldn’t hurt nature while doing it, though the activity is helpful to us. Trees often hold 10 (value) ecosystems. Many small creatures live on the tree — and they are too small to be seen. You may want to be gentle when hugging trees — just like how you hug a friend! 【答案】1．was pointed 2．were 3．our 4．why 5．for 6．higher 7．an 8．called 9．Importantly 10．valuable 【导语】本文介绍了“抱树减压”背后的科学依据，从亲生命假说和激素变化两个方面解释了这一行为对缓解压力的作用，同时呼吁人们在亲近自然时也要爱护自然。 1．句意：它是由美国科学家爱德华・威尔逊在1984年提出的。句子为一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语It是单数，point的过去分词是pointed。 2．句意：他说人类生来就喜欢和其他生物在一起。句子为一般过去时，主语humans是复数，be动词用were。 3．句意：人类对自然的热爱“存在于我们的DNA中”。用形容词性物主代词修饰名词DNA，we的形容词性物主代词是our。 4．句意：这也是人们喜欢可爱宠物的原因之一。先行词为reasons，用关系副词why引导定语从句。 5．句意：它是一种负责情绪的激素。“responsible for”是固定搭配，表示“对……负责”。 6．句意：催产素水平越高，你可能就越平静、越快乐。“the+比较级, the+比较级”是固定结构，表示“越……越……”，high的比较级是higher。 7．句意：仅仅抱树21秒就能导致催产素水平的上升。“an increase in”表示“在……方面的增长”，increase以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。 8．句意：另一种叫做皮质醇的激素是压力的标志。用过去分词作后置定语修饰hormone，call的过去分词是called。 9．句意：重要的是，要记住我们在这样做的时候不应该伤害自然。用副词修饰整个句子，important的副词形式是importantly，句首首字母大写。 10．句意：树木往往拥有有价值的生态系统。用形容词修饰名词ecosystems，value的形容词形式是valuable。 Passage 9 （2026·江苏苏州·一模）请认真阅读下面短文，在横线上填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dear Friends, Have you ever wondered what life would be like without trees? Trees are among the 1 (important) living things on Earth. They provide us with oxygen, food, wood, and medicine. They also make our planet beautiful. A single large tree can produce enough oxygen for four people each day. Trees also absorb carbon dioxide, 2 helps fight climate change. In addition, they prevent soil erosion (侵蚀) and provide homes for countless 3 (animal). 4 (sad), forests around the world are disappearing at an alarming rate. Every year, millions of acres of forest 5 (cut) down for farming, building, and other human activities. This has a terrible effect 6 our environment. The good news is that we can all help. Planting a tree is a simple action 7 makes a big difference. You can also reduce paper waste by using 8 (little) paper and recycling whenever possible. Many countries have started reforestation programs. China, for example, has planted billions of trees over the 9 (past) few decades. These efforts are slowly 10 (help) to restore damaged ecosystems. Remember, every tree counts. What will you do to help protect our forests? Yours sincerely, Environmental Protection Club 【答案】1．most important 2．which 3．animals 4．Sadly 5．are cut 6．on 7．that 8．less 9．past 10．helping 【导语】本文介绍了树木对地球的重要作用，同时指出森林正在以惊人的速度消失，并呼吁大家行动起来保护树木与森林。 【详解】1．句意：树木是地球上最重要的生物之一。固定结构“among the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词”表示“在……中最……之一”，important需变为最高级most important。 2．句意：树木还能吸收二氧化碳，这有助于应对气候变化。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为carbon dioxide，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which。 3．句意：此外，它们还能防止水土流失，为无数动物提供家园。此处countless后接可数名词复数表泛指，animal需变为复数形式animals。 4．句意：令人遗憾的是，世界各地的森林正在以惊人的速度消失。此处修饰整个句子，需用副词，sad的副词形式为Sadly。 5．句意：每年，数百万英亩的森林因农业、建筑和其他人类活动而被砍伐。句子为一般现在时的被动语态，主语forests与cut down为被动关系，需用are cut。 6．句意：这对我们的环境造成了严重的影响。固定短语“have an effect on”表示“对……有影响”，应用介词on。 7．句意：种树是一项能带来巨大改变的简单行动。此处为定语从句，先行词为action，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that。 8．句意：你也可以通过减少用纸和尽可能回收利用来减少纸张浪费。此处暗含与过去的对比，需用little的比较级less。 9．句意：例如，在过去的几十年里，中国已经种植了数十亿棵树。固定短语“over the past few decades”表示“在过去的几十年里”，应用形容词past。 10．句意：这些努力正慢慢帮助恢复受损的生态系统。句子为现在进行时，结构为“be + 现在分词”，help需变为现在分词形式helping。 ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $