摘要:
该初中英语单元复习讲义系统构建了动词不定式(作宾补、目的状语)和过去进行时的知识体系,通过核心概念定义、结构公式、分类口诀(如“告求期许可应允,劝教邀励皆愿行”“一感二听三让四看”)、对比表格(to do/in order to do/so as to do异同)及易错点区分(主动被动to的省略、when/while辨析),清晰呈现知识脉络与重难点内在联系。
讲义亮点在于“真题情境化练习”设计,如短文填空整合宾补动词、目的状语及过去进行时考点,结合“否定not加to前”“when接瞬间while接进行”等技巧,培养语言运用和逻辑思维品质。基础题巩固语法规则,拔高题强化辨析能力,助力不同层次学生提升,教师可依此实施精准复习教学。
内容正文:
新外研版八上 Unit 4动词不定式作宾语补足语 整合讲义
1、 核心概念
宾语补足语:用来补充说明宾语的动作、状态,让句子意思完整。
动词不定式作宾补:用 to do 补充说明宾语要做的动作
结构:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + to do sth.(宾补)
译:让/请/要求/允许/鼓励某人做某事
二、两大核心句型(肯定+否定)
1. 肯定句:sb. + ask/tell/allow… + sb. + to do sth.
2. 否定句(考试重灾区):sb. + 动词 + sb. + NOT to do sth.
重点:not 加在to do 之前,不可以说 to not do
eg. The teacher tells us not to be late. 老师告诉我们不要迟到。
三、必考分类+专属口诀
1. 必带to的宾补动词(9个核心词)
✅ 口诀:告求期许可应允,劝教邀励皆愿行
tell(告诉)、ask(请求/要求)、expect(期待)、allow(允许)、advise(规劝/建议)、
teach(教)、invite(邀请)、encourage(鼓励)、want(想要)
eg. My parents encourage me to keep working hard. 我的父母鼓励我继续努力工作。
2. 省略to的特殊动词(高频易错)
✅ 口诀:一感二听三让四看
感(feel)、听(hear/listen to)、让(let/make/have)、看(see/watch/look at/notice)
结构:动词 + sb. + 动词原形(不加to)
eg. The story makes me cry. 这个故事让我落泪。
注意:主动语态时省to,被动语态时必须还原to
主动:make sb. do sth.
被动:sb. be made to do sth.
3. 唯一特殊词:help
help sb. (to) do sth. (to可加可不加,两种写法都对)
四、随堂真题练习(短文填空)
My teacher always asks us 1.______ (read) more books. She encourages us 2.______ (develop) good habits. She tells us 3.______ (not waste) time. Interesting books make us 4.______ (learn) more knowledge. I often help my classmates 5.______ (study) together. Our teacher never lets us 6.______ (give up) easily.
答案:1. to read 2. to develop 3. not to waste 4. learn 5. study/to study 6. give up
解析:
1-3: ask/encourage/tell 后接 to do;否定用not to do:
4&6:make/let 后接动词原形;
5: help 可省to
新外研版八上 Unit 5动词不定式作目的状语 整合讲义
一、核心概念
不定式 to do 放在句子里,表示主句动作的目的、意图,专门用来回答 Why? 为什么做这件事,中文翻译:为了… / 以便…
二、核心用法规则
1. 基础结构
· 肯定:to + 动词原形 最常用、最简洁,优先放句末
· 否定:not to + 动词原形 / in order not to do (为了不…)
· 时态不受主句影响,永远用动词原形
2. 两种位置
· 句末(默认):主句 + to do
eg. I go online to search for useful information. 我上网搜索有用的信息。
· 句首(强调目的):To do(后面加逗号), 主句
eg. To search for useful information, I go online.
为了查找有用的信息,我会上网搜索。
3. 同义拓展三组(考试高频辨析)
结构
相同点
区别 & 限制
to do
后接动词原形,表目的
最口语简洁,句首句末都能用
in order to do
后接动词原形,表目的
语气更强、可放句首 / 句末,
否定 in order not to do
so as to do
后接动词原形,表目的
只能放句末,绝对不能放句首,
否定 so as not to do
区别:so that / in order that 后面接完整从句(有主语谓语),不是to do结构。
三、和前两个单元不定式区分(易混)
· I want to learn English. → want的宾语 → Unit 3 作宾语
· My teacher asks me to learn English. → 补充me → Unit 4 作宾补
· I get up early to learn English. → 早起的目的 → Unit 5 作目的状语
判断小技巧:能不能拆成 do sth. because I want to do sth.
能=目的状语
4、 随堂练习(短文填空)
Many people use digital tools 1.______ (make) life easier. I often use apps 2.______ (learn) English online. My mum asks me 3.______ (not spend) too much time on short videos. 4.______ (protect) our eyes, we should take breaks every 30 minutes. We can use the Internet 5.______ (connect) with friends far away. And it also helps us 6.______ (explore) the world online.
答案+解析:
1. to make (目的状语)
2. 2. to learn (目的状语)
3. not to spend (宾补否定)
4. To protect (句首目的)
5. to connect (目的状语)
6. (to) explore (help可省to)
补充:课本P71 Act. 7
Complete the letter to Story Aunt using the notes in brackets and the grammar you have learnt.
Dear Story Aunt,
1. I'm writing to share a touching story (I'm writing, share a touching story). Yesterday, 2. I left my flat to go to work (I left my flat, go to work). However, I found my favourite flowerpot broken. 3. I picked up the pieces to clean up the mess (I picked up the pieces, clean up the mess). Then I saw a note. It was from a boy. He said he broke the flowerpot while playing basketball. 4. He wrote the note to say sorry to me (he wrote the note, say sorry to me). He also left his phone number with some money. His honesty made me respect him. Telling the truth isn't always easy. However, he followed the rules in his heart.
I’m 5. sharing my story to spread some happiness. (sharing my story, spread some happiness). In the story, we can see the kindness in small things.
Best wishes,
Ms Yu, from Wenzhou
新外研版八上 Unit 6 过去进行时 整合讲义
一、核心概念
过去进行时:表示过去某个具体时间点/某一时间段内,正在进行、未完成的动作。
核心语境:长动作进行中,短动作突然发生。
简单判断:句子强调“过去正在做”,不强调动作做完,用过去进行时。
eg. I was walking home when it started to rain. 我正走回家,突然下起了雨。
二、句子结构
时态核心公式:was / were + 动词现在分词(doing)
1. 肯定句
单数(I/he/she/it) + was doing
复数(we/you/they) + were doing
eg. She was sleeping at 10:00 last night. 昨晚十点她正在睡觉。
2. 否定句
was/were + not + doing 缩写:wasn’t / weren’t
eg. They weren’t playing football yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午他们没在踢足球。
3. 一般疑问句
Was/Were + 主语 + doing…?
简答:Yes, 主语+was/were. / No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
三、时间标志词(一眼判时态)
✅ 口诀:整点昨段那时刻,正当突然遇场景
1. 具体过去整点:at 8:00 last night / at that moment
2. 过去时间段:from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon / all day yesterday
3. 场景连词:when / while(单元重中之重)
四、单元重难点:when & while 辨析(考试必考)
1. when(万能连词)
可接短动作(一般过去时),也可接长动作
固定句型:长动作(过去进行时) + when + 短动作(一般过去时)
eg. I was reading when the bell rang. 铃声响起时,我正在读书。
2. while(限定连词)
只能接长动作(过去进行时),强调两个动作同时进行
固定句型:While + 长动作(过去进行时),主句可长可短
eg. While Mum was cooking, I was doing homework.妈妈在做饭时,我正在做作业。
极简区分口诀
when 接瞬间,表突发;while 接进行,表同时
五、易错点:过去进行时 VS 一般过去时
1. 过去进行时:强调过程、正在做、没做完
I was writing a letter last night. 昨晚我一直在写信(没写完)。
2. 一般过去时:强调结果、做完了
I wrote a letter last night. 昨晚我写了一封信(写完了)。
5、 随堂练习(短文填空)
Last Sunday, I 1.______ (walk) in the park at 4:00 pm. My friend Lily 2.______ (sit) under a tree while I 3.______ (look) for her. Suddenly, a strong wind 4.______ (blow). It 5.______ (rain) heavily when we 6.______ (decide) to go home. We 7.______ (not run) at that time. We just walked slowly.
答案及详细解析
1. was walking:句中有明确时间标志 at 4:00 pm(上周日下午四点),为过去具体整点时间,强调此刻正在进行的动作,必须用过去进行时。
2. was sitting:本句为while引导的伴随场景,后文交代我正在找她,侧重彼时莉莉正处于“坐在树下”的持续状态,是过去持续进行的动作,用过去进行时。
3. was looking:while 是核心考点,while引导的从句,必须接延续性动作、用过去进行时,强调两个动作“我寻找她”和“莉莉坐在树下”过去同时进行。
4. blow→blew:suddenly(突然)表瞬间突发的短动作,不属于持续进行的动作,只强调动作发生的结果,契合本单元“长动作进行中,短动作突然发生”的核心语境,用一般过去时。
5. was raining:when前为主句,强调“大雨倾盆”是持续的长动作,后接“决定回家”的瞬间短动作,遵循句型长动作(过去进行时)+ when + 短动作(一般过去时),用过去进行时。
6. decide→decided:decide(决定)是瞬间完成的短暂动作,无法持续,是突发短动作,when从句短动作用一般过去时。
7. weren’t running:at that time(在那时)是过去进行时标志性时间状语,强调那一刻“我们并没有奔跑”的持续状态,表否定的进行动作。
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