Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Part Ⅰ Reading comprehension(Word练习)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版)

**基本信息** 以人物故事与科技主题为载体，系统整合细节定位、逻辑推理、语境衔接等解题方法，构建“题型-方法-素养”三维训练体系。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解A|4题（墨西哥裔女性太空旅行）|细节题定位原文信息，推理题分析人物行为动机|人物成长线：背景→经历→成就→影响，培养文化意识与思维品质| |阅读理解B|4题（mRNA疫苗诺奖研究）|词义猜测结合上下文，观点题提炼作者态度|科技说明文逻辑：成果→意义→评价，提升语言能力与科学认知| |阅读七选五|5题（霍金生平）|上下文逻辑衔接（时间线/兴趣对比）|生平叙事链：出生→学业→研究→成就，训练信息整合与逻辑思维| |完形填空|15题（印度“愚公移山”故事）|语境词义辨析，情节推进预判|事件发展线：起因→过程→挫折→结果，强化语境理解与学习能力|

Part Ⅰ　Reading comprehension Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 　　（2026•福州四校联盟高二上联考）The 60－foot－tall rocket took off in West Texas， sending a group of six people into space and giving them a few minutes of weightlessness before they landed by parachute （降落伞）． 　　Most of the passengers paid a secret sum of money for their seats．But Katya Echazarreta， an engineer and science communicator， was selected by a nonprofit organization to join in this travel from a pool of thousands of applicants．The organization’s goal is to send great leaders into space and allow them to experience the overview effect， which was reported by astronauts who said that viewing the Earth from space gave them a great change in their view． 　　“Looking down， you see everyone is down there， all of our past， all of our difficulties， everything — everything is there，” Echazarreta said．“When I came back down， it just completely strengthened my wish to continue enabling people of different backgrounds to go into space and do whatever they want．” 　　Echazarreta is the first Mexican－born woman to travel into space．She moved to the United States with her family at the age of seven．She recalled that she felt uncertain in a new place where she didn’t speak the language and that a teacher warned her that she might have to repeat a grade．“It just really fueled me and after that， I just studied harder，” Echazarreta said．Later she became the main breadwinner in her family．Sometimes she had up to four jobs at the same time， just to try to successfully graduate from college． 　　She worked in NASA before and didn’t see other female engineers like her， which inspired her to popularize science among the public．These days， Echazarreta is studying for her master’s degree in engineering at Johns Hopkins University．She also has more than 330，000 fans on TikTok， and hosts a science－focused YouTube series． 1.Why was Echazarreta chosen to travel into space？（　　） A．She was considered to be an excellent person． B．She was an expert in landing by parachute． C．She supported the project with a big sum of money． D．She made great efforts to set up a nonprofit organization． 2.What was in Echazarreta’s mind after she returned from space travel？（　　） A．To share the beauty of space on social media． B．To encourage the public to learn science． C．To help more people travel into space． D．To make women scientists known to the public． 3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “fueled” in paragraph 4？（　　） A．Beat．B．Attracted．C．Confused．D．Drove． 4.What kind of person is probably Echazarreta？（　　） A．Calm and confident．　 B．Inspiring and hardworking． C．Humorous and outgoing．　 D．Talented and creative． B 　　（2026•重庆“大一联盟”高二上期中）The 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded on 2 October to Katalin Karikó， a biochemist， and Drew Weissman， a doctor．Dr Karikó’s unfashionable insistence on trying to get mRNA into cells set back her career．She insisted， and the two made a breakthrough， which allowed the immune system to fight against threats in an entirely new way．The vaccines they had made possible saved millions of lives and freed billions more to live normally again． 　　Their prize is unusual．The only previous scientist to have won a Nobel Prize for vaccines was Max Theiler， who discovered the weakened strain of the yellow－fever virus which has been used as a vaccine since the 1930s．Neither Jonas Salk nor Albert Sabin was rewarded for developing Polio vaccines in the 1950s．The removal of smallpox （天花） went unrecognized， too． 　　Given that Alfred Nobel’s will calls for the prizes to go to those who have given the greatest benefit on humankind， this poor winning record is undeserved．But although vaccine scientists may have gone without award trips to Stockholm， they can focus on something even better．The vaccine makers’ work is remembered in hundreds of millions of lives．Vaccines have saved more from death than any other medical invention， which protect people from disease cheaply， reliably and in remarkable numbers．And their capacity to do so continues to grow．In 2021 the WHO approved a first vaccine against Malaria； this week it approved a second． 　　Vaccines are not only immensely useful， but they also show something beautifully human in their combination of care and communication．Vaccines do not trick the immune system as is sometimes said．They educate and train it．As a resource of good public health， they allow doctors to whisper words of warning into the cells of their patients．In an age short of trust， this bond between government policy and an individual’s immune system is easily misunderstood as a threat．But vaccines are not just tools of control：they are loving and kindness． 5.What was the key to Karikó and Weissman’s breakthrough？（　　） A．Their discovery of a new virus．　 B．Their focus on a visionary idea． C．Their advanced medical training．　 D．Their leadership in a research team． 6.What does the author imply about Nobel Prizes for vaccines？（　　） A．They are fairly distributed．　 B．They recognize the greatest benefit． C．They have a regrettable history．　 D．They should include more categories． 7.What is the greatest reward for vaccine scientists？（　　） A．The trust gained from the public．　 B．The millions of lives they have saved． C．The progress in medical research．　 D．The official recognition from awards． 8.What is the real function of vaccines？（　　） A．A trick to the immune system．　 B．A tool for government control． C．A threat to individual freedom．　 D．An instruction to the immune system． Ⅱ．阅读七选五 　　（2026•厦泉五校高二上联考）Stephen Hawking was a scientist known for his work with black holes and relativity， and the author of popular science books like A Brief History of Time． 　　Hawking was born on 8 January 1942， in Oxford， England． 9.　　 The political climate was also tense．The couple was living as Frank Hawking undertook research in medicine． 　　Hawking’s father wanted him to go into medicine． 10.　　 That was evident to his mother， who， along with her children， often stretched out in the backyard on summer evenings to stare up at the stars．“Stephen always had a strong sense of wonder，” she remembered．“And I could see that the stars would draw him．” 　　Early in his academic life， Hawking， while recognized as bright， was not an exceptional student． 11.　　 But Hawking focused on pursuits outside of school； he loved board games， and he and a few close friends created new games of their own． During his teens， Hawking， along with several friends， constructed a computer out of recycled parts for solving rudimentary mathematical equations． 　　12.　　 He would later calculate that he averaged about an hour a day focusing on school． And yet he didn’t really have to do much more than that． In 1962， he graduated with honors in natural science and went on to attend Trinity Hall at the University of Cambridge for a Ph．D． in cosmology． 　　13.　　The next few years were a fruitful time for Hawking and his research． In 1973， he published his first， highly－technical book， The Large Scale Structure of Space－Time， with G．F．R．Ellis． A．Hawking’s birth came at an improper time for his parents， who didn’t have much money． B．With his sister Mary， Hawking devised different entry routes into the family home． C．He loved to dance and also took an interest in rowing， becoming a team coxswain （舵手） in college． D．But at an early age， Hawking showed a passion for science and the sky． E．By his own account， Hawking didn’t put much time into his studies． F．In 1968， Hawking became a member of the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge． G．During his first year at St．Albans School， he was the third from the bottom of his class． Ⅲ．完形填空 　　（2026•青岛高二上期中）Dashrath Manjhi lived in a poor village in India．There， a 300－foot－high mountain stood between the village and all the basic facilities people always 　14　． 　　Dashrath worked on the other side of the mountain．At noon， his wife Phaguni would bring his 　15　 to him．As there was no road， the 　16　 took hours over the mountain．One day， Phaguni fell down on the way．She 　17　 down several feet， injuring her leg．Hours past noon， she limped （跛行） to her husband．Seeing her tears， Dashrath made a 　18　．He wanted to move the 　19　 himself． 　　Every day， he would start early in the morning， chip （铲） the mountain for hours， then work on the fields and 　20　 to work on the mountain again．He would scarcely sleep．He finally quit his job， and just 　21　 breaking the mountain． 　　Then， Phaguni fell seriously ill．The doctor was in Wazirganj， which stood just on the other side of the mountain， but the road 　22　 it was 75 kilometers long．Unable to make the journey， she passed away．Her death 　23　 him．He must make it． 　　It wasn’t an easy 　24　．He would often get hurt by the 　25　 falling from the mountain．He would rest and then start again．After 22 years， Dashrath 　26　 through that last thin wall of rocks．He 　27　 broke the mountain．He carved out a road which was 320 feet long and 30 feet wide．People from 20 villages nearby could use his road．Feeling 　28　， they began to call him “Baba”． 14.（　）A．preparedB．builtC．neededD．offered 15.（　）A．cost　 B．lunch　　 C．gift　 D．thing 16.（　）A．move　 B．ride　　 C．advance　 D．journey 17.（　）A．slid　 B．ran　　 C．flew　 D．dropped 18.（　）A．difference　 B．profit　　 C．word　 D．decision 19.（　）A．rubbish　 B．load　　 C．barrier　 D．house 20.（　）A．return　 B．intend　　 C．attempt　 D．begin 21.（　）A．depended on　 B．called on　　 C．focused on　 D．decided on 22.（　）A．pointing to　 B．leading to　　 C．relating to　 D．adding to 23.（　）A．hurt　 B．caught　　 C．moved　 D．hit 24.（　）A．task　 B．fix　　 C．routine　 D．joke 25.（　）A．animals　 B．rocks　　 C．vehicles　 D．bricks 26.（　）A．looked　 B．pulled　　 C．broke　 D．checked 27.（　）A．immediately　 B．eventually　　 C．fortunately　 D．gradually 28.（　）A．peaceful　 B．delighted　　 C．excited　 D．Grateful 答案 Part Ⅰ　Reading comprehension Ⅰ． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了工程师兼科学传播者Katya Echazarreta成为首位进入太空的墨西哥裔女性的经历和成就。 1.A　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Katya Echazarreta之所以被选中进入太空，是因为她被认为是一个优秀的人。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Echazarreta从太空旅行回来后，她想要帮助更多的人进入太空。 3.D　词义猜测题。根据第四段中画线词所在句上一句可知，Echazarreta在新地方感到迷茫，老师还警告她可能会留级，这反而激励了她，让她更加努力地学习。因此，fueled意为“激励，促进”。 4.B　推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知，Echazarreta是一个鼓舞人心且勤奋的人。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过评述2023年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予mRNA疫苗先驱Karikó与Weissman，指出疫苗科学家虽常被诺奖忽视，却以其拯救生命的成果彰显对人类最大的益处。 5.B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，二人成功的关键是对自己理念的坚持，这是一种对前瞻理念的坚持。 6.C　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，在疫苗方面取得了重大突破的科学家并没有获得应有的奖励。因此，作者认为疫苗诺奖具有历史遗憾。 7.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Vaccines have saved more from death than any other medical invention， which protect people from disease cheaply， reliably and in remarkable numbers．可推知，疫苗科学家最大的回报是他们挽救了数百万生命。 8.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Vaccines do not trick the immune system as is sometimes said．They educate and train it．可推知，疫苗的真正功能是指导免疫系统识别和应对疾病。 Ⅱ． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名科学家斯蒂芬•霍金的生平。 9．A　上下文说明当时政治局势紧张和霍金父母生活的情况。A项指出霍金出生时对他父母来说不是个好时机，且他们没什么钱，既承接了上文的出生时间，又引出下文紧张的生活状况。 10．D　上文说霍金的父亲希望他学医，下文表明霍金对科学和天空感兴趣。D项起到转折作用，说明霍金幼年时就对科学和天空表现出浓厚的兴趣，与上文父亲希望他学医形成对比，引出下文他对天空的兴趣表现。 11．G　上文指出霍金早期在学业上不是特别出色。G项具体举例说明他在圣奥尔本斯学校第一年成绩在班级里接近垫底，是对上文他学业不出色的具体阐述。 12．E　下文说明霍金后来计算自己每天平均花在学习上的时间约一小时。E项表明霍金没在学习上投入太多时间，引出下文他学习时间少的具体情况。 13．F　下文说明接下来的几年对霍金的研究来说是成果丰硕的时期。F项提到1968年霍金成为剑桥大学天文研究所的一员，为下文他研究成果丰硕做了铺垫。 Ⅲ． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。印度人达什拉特因妻子翻山送饭受伤后又因山路远病逝，所以立志挖山，耗时22年凿出道路，获村民感激并被称为“圣人”。 14.C　根据上文all the basic facilities以及常识可知，基础设施是人们生活需要的。 15.B　根据上文At noon以及常识可知，中午应该是送午饭。 16.D　根据下文over the mountain可知，这里指翻山的路程需要数小时。 17.A　根据上文fell down on the way以及下文injuring her leg可知，这里指她是在山上滑倒。 18.D　根据下句可知，他下定决心要移山。 19.C　根据上文可知，山阻断了村庄与基础设施的联系，是一种障碍。 20.A　根据上文work on the fields和下文work on the mountain again可知，这里指他从田里折返回来继续铲山。 21.C　根据上文He finally quit his job可推知，他辞掉工作，专注于挖山。focus on表示“专注于”。 22.B　根据上文和下文75 kilometers long可知，这里指通往瓦齐尔甘杰的路有75公里长。 23.D　根据上文Unable to make the journey， she passed away．以及语境可知，这里指妻子因山路遥远无法就医去世，这一事件对他的打击很大。 24.A　根据下文以及语境可知，挖山是一项艰巨的任务。 25.B　根据下文falling from the mountain以及常识可知，挖山过程中会有石头掉落。 26.C　根据下文broke the mountain以及语境可知，这里指他凿穿了最后那层薄岩壁。break through表示“突破，凿穿”。 27.B　根据上文After 22 years可知，这里指经过漫长时间最终成功。 28.D　根据上文以及语境可知，达什拉特凿出道路方便了村民，村民应是感激的。 5 / 5 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