Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Part Ⅰ Reading comprehension(Word教参)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版)

本讲义聚焦肢体语言的跨文化差异及沟通功能这一核心知识点，通过课前导入（图片激趣、问题启思）、速读课文（明确说明文体裁与结构）、精读细节（跨文化案例分析、词汇理解）、语法填空应用的学习支架，构建从感知到应用的完整学习链。 该资料以“观察-分析-应用”为主线，导入环节用图片激活语言能力，跨文化案例（如俄罗斯亲吻脸颊、日本低头示敬）培养文化意识，批判性思维题（肢体语言与语言可靠性比较）提升思维品质。课中分层任务助力教师引导，课后多样化作业（阅读、七选五、完形）辅助学生巩固，有效查漏补缺。

Part Ⅰ　Reading comprehension 第一步　课前导入•激趣启思 1.Have you ever used body language？ What does the following body language mean？ 2.Why do people use body language in daily lives？ To make themselves better understood． 第二步　速读课文•理清脉络 1.What is the genre/type of the text？（　　） A．Narration （记叙文）． B．Argumentation （议论文）． C．Exposition （说明文）． D．News report． 答案：C 2.Structures and Clues 第三步　精读课文•领悟细节 Task 1：Read the text carefully and choose the best answers． 1.What do people in Russia usually do when meeting friends？（　　） A．Bow from the waist． B．Kiss them on the cheek． C．Shake hands． D．Nod the head． 2.Which word can best replace the word “interactions” in paragraph 1？（　　） A．Communications．　 B．Activities． C．Arguments．　 D．Actions． 3.Which statement does the author possibly agree with？（　　） A．Reading enriches the mind． B．Many heads are better than one． C．It’s never too old to learn． D．When in Rome， do as the Romans do． 4.How does the text develop ？（　　） A．By giving examples．　 B．By giving data． C．By giving definition．　 D．By analyzing facts． 答案：1－4　BADA Task 2：Creative thinking and critical thinking 1.Which is a more reliable guide for understanding someone’s feelings， their body language or the words they speak？Why？ Their body language is much more reliable than the words they speak， because body language has trouble hiding their anger， disappointment or irritation． 2.Why do we need to learn body language？ （1）It helps us avoid misunderstanding in cross－cultural communication． （2）It improves our communication skills by observing the facial expressions and gestures of native speakers． （3）It makes communication more comfortable and easier to understand． （4）It helps those who lose the power of speech express their thoughts and feelings． 第四步　课文融通•学以致用 　　Words are important， but body language can also give us 1.information （inform） about people’s feelings．Body language is one of 2.the most powerful means of communication．It is used to convey people’s thoughts and opinions and to communicate with each other．When 3.talking （talk） with others， you are not just using words， 4.but using facial expressions as well as gestures．Just like spoken language， body language 5.varies （vary） from culture to culture．The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures．The gestures we use for “yes” and “no” and the way we greet differ around the world．Some gestures seem 6.to have （have） the same meaning everywhere．Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”．Some body language has many different uses．Perhaps the 7.best （good） example is smiling．A smile can help us get 8.through difficult situations and find friends．A smile can break down barriers．Experts suggest 9.smiling （smile） at yourself in the mirror 10.to make （make） yourself feel happier． LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK 　　We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with① other people． We can learn a lot about② what people are thinking by watching their body language． ［1］ Words are important， but the way people stand， hold their arms， and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings． 　　Just like spoken language，body language③ varies from culture to④ culture． ［2］ The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to⑤ the culture you are in． For example， making eye contact — looking into someone’s eyes⑥ — in some countries is a way to display interest⑦． In other countries，by contrast⑧， eye contact is not always approved of⑨． For example， in many Middle Eastern countries， men and women are not socially permitted to⑩ make eye contact． In Japan， it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person． 　　【释疑难】　句［1］中the way后跟省略that/in which的定语从句。句［2］中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a way， that在定语从句中作主语，不可省略。 　　【赏靓点】　第二段中巧用 “Just like”“For example”“by contrast” 等衔接词，串联“总起——分述——例证”的逻辑链，让读者一目了然。 　　The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures． ［3］ In Japan， someone who witnesses another person employing⑪ the gesture might think it means money． In France， a person encountering an identical gesture⑫ may interpret it as meaning zero． However， you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany， as it is not considered polite． 　　【赏靓点】　句［3］中高频词witnesses突出观察者完整见证肢体动作的全过程，描述更精准，规避了see的表意模糊性。 　　Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world． In many countries，shaking one’s head⑬ means “no”， and nodding means “yes”． By comparison⑭， in Bulgaria and southern Albania， the gestures have the opposite meaning． ［4］ There are also differences in how we touch each other， how close we stand to someone we are talking to， and how we act when we meet or part． In countries like France and Russia， people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet． ［5］ Elsewhere， people favour shaking hands⑮， bowing from the waist， or nodding the head when they meet someone else． 　　【释疑难】　句［4］是三个由how引导的并列宾语从句，连接方式是A，B， and C；其中we are talking to是定语从句； when引导时间状语从句。 　　【赏靓点】　句［5］是三个并列的动词－ing短语作favour的宾语，结构对称，节奏明快，读起来朗朗上口。 　　Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere． ［6］ Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”． A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal． 　　Some body language has many different uses． Perhaps the best example is smiling． A smile can help us get through⑯difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers． A smile can break down⑰ barriers． ［7］ We can use a smile to apologise， to greet someone， to ask for help⑱， or to start a conversation． Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger． And if we are feeling down or lonely， there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend． 　　【赏靓点】　句［6］中Placing ．．． resting ．．． closing三动作顺承，精准勾勒完整场景，细节饱满，续写动作描写可借鉴。 　　句［7］中动词不定式排比的运用明确列出微笑的四种用途，逻辑严谨，气势连贯，契合高考 “句式多样”“表达丰富” 的评分点。 Paras.1－2 语块翻译 ①与……的交流 ②了解 ③肢体语言 ④在……到……之间变化 ⑤适合于 ⑥直视某人的眼睛 ⑦表现出兴趣 ⑧相比之下 ⑨赞成；同意 ⑩被允许做某事 熟词生义： 1.hold （Para.1） 熟义：vt．抓住，拿着 文中义：vt．保持（某种姿势） Paras.3－6 语块翻译 ⑪见到另一个人正在使用 ⑫看到/遇到同一个手势 ⑬摇头 ⑭（与……）相比较 ⑮握手 ⑯通过；熬过（难关、困境等） ⑰消除；分解；打破 ⑱寻求帮助 熟词生义： 2.interpret （Para.3） 熟义：vt．解释（文字、话语） 文中义：vt．把……理解（解释）为 3.part （Para.4） 熟义：vt．分开，断裂 文中义：vi．告别，分离 4.rest （Para.5） 熟义：vi．休息 n．休息时间，剩余的部分 文中义：vt．使倚靠 5.full （Para.5） 熟义：adj．满的，充满的 文中义：adj．吃饱的，饱腹的 6.down （Para.6） 熟义：adv． & prep．向下；朝下 文中义：adj．情绪低落的，沮丧的 　 参考译文 听听肢体是怎么说话的 　　在与他人的交往中，我们用话语和肢体语言来表达自己的思想和观点。通过观察人们的肢体语言，我们可以洞察他们的想法。话语十分重要，但是人们站立、双手抱臂和移动双手的姿势，也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。 　　不同的文化有着不同的肢体语言，这与口头语言相似。使用肢体语言时，最重要的是要符合你所处的文化。例如，在一些国家，眼神交流（即直视某人的眼睛）是表示兴趣的一种方式。相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。例如，在许多中东国家，社交上不允许男性和女性进行眼神交流。在日本，与年长者交谈时，目光下垂表示敬重。 　　“OK”这个手势在不同的文化中有着不同的含义。在日本，一个人看到另外一个人使用这一手势，可能会认为这表示金钱。在法国，看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为“零”。然而，在巴西和德国，你应该避免做出这一手势，因为这是一个被视为不礼貌的手势。 　　甚至连用于表示肯定和否定的身势语，在世界各地也不尽相同。在许多国家，摇头表示否定，点头表示肯定。相比之下，在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部地区，这两个身势语的含义截然相反。在身体接触方式、站着交谈时双方的距离、见面和告别的动作方面，也有很多差异。在法国、俄罗斯等国，朋友见面时会相互亲吻脸颊。在其他地区，与别人见面时，人们更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。 　　有些手势似乎在任何地方含义都相同。双手合十放在头部的一侧，同时闭上你的眼睛，意为“睡觉”。表示“我吃饱了”的一个好方式，就是在饭后用手在肚子上画圈。 　　某些肢体语言有着许多不同的用处。也许最佳的例子就是微笑了。微笑可以帮助我们摆脱困境，在陌生的世界里找到朋友。微笑可以打破隔阂。我们可以用微笑来道歉、问候他人、寻求帮助或主动攀谈。专家们建议，我们应该对着镜子微笑，让自己感到更加快乐和坚强。当我们感到沮丧或孤单时，最美好的事情莫过于看到好友的笑脸。 Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 　　（2026•沈阳五校协作体高二期中）Rob Kennedy was with other people in a community space． The room was decorated with an under－the－sea theme． 　　Kennedy comes to this memory cafe twice a month since being diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease． Everyone here has a degree of memory loss or is a caregiver for someone with memory loss． 　　Attendees colored on worksheets with an underwater theme． They drank coffee and had desserts． And a quick round of questions and answers gets everyone’s minds working． 　　“We start out just like that， many of us cannot answer any of the questions，” Kennedy said with a laugh． “We all have a good time going around． You know， we all try to make it fun．” 　　This memory cafe in Pennsylvania is one of 600 across the country． These gatherings for people with cognitive impairment （认知缺陷） and their caregivers are relatively cheap and easy to run — often the only expense is a small rental fee for the space． 　　The memory cafes happen twice a month． They have given him purpose， Kennedy said， and help him cope with negative emotions around his diagnosis． 　　“I came in and I was miserable，” Kennedy said． “I come in now and it’s like a family， an extended family． I get to meet them． I get to meet their partners． I get to meet their children． So， it’s really nice．” 　　More than six million people in the US have been diagnosed with some form of dementia （痴呆）． The diagnosis can be burdensome on relationships， particularly with family members who are the primary caregivers． 　　The inclusion of caregivers is what distinguishes memory cafes from other programs that serve people with cognitive impairment， like adult day care． Memory cafes don’t offer formal treatment or support． At a memory cafe， having fun together and being social is the support for both patients and their caregivers． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国记忆咖啡馆的功能和特点。记忆咖啡馆是为阿尔茨海默症等认知障碍患者及其护理者提供的社交场所，通过轻松愉快的活动帮助患者缓解负面情绪。 1.What is the atmosphere in the memory cafe like？（　　） A．Academic．　 B．Religious． C．Relaxing．　 D．Mysterious． 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段前两句和第四段中的We all have a good time going around．可知，在场的人喝咖啡、吃甜点，每个人都玩得很开心。由此可推知，记忆咖啡馆的氛围是令人放松的。 2.What can we learn about the memory cafe？（　　） A．It is affordable．　　 B．It occupies a large space． C．It is equipped with doctors．　　 D．It exists in every community． 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，咖啡馆运营成本低廉，唯一开销是场地租金。 3.Why did Kennedy come to the memory cafe？（　　） A．To get emotional comfort． B．To regain his lost memory． C．To reduce his physical pain． D．To receive professional treatment． 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第六段和第七段可知，Kennedy来到记忆咖啡馆是为了获得情感支持。 4.What makes memory cafes different from adult day care？（　　） A．They offer an easy social environment． B．Caregivers can attend the gatherings． C．People in these cafes have more fun． D．They focus on formal mental support． 解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，护理者的参与是记忆咖啡馆与其他项目的区别。 B 　　（2026•山东省实验中学高二期中）Previously thought to be an exclusively human skill， knowing when a friend could use a clue appears to be a talent we share with our primate （灵长类） cousins．Researchers from Johns Hopkins University in Maryland observed bonobos （倭黑猩猩） in a recent study pointing a human experimenter in the direction of treats they wished to swallow up． 　　In the study’s experiments， three male bonobos took turns to play a game with an experimenter where treats were hidden under upturned cups — sometimes while the experimenter was watching， and sometimes not．If the experimenter found the treat， it would be given to the bonobo， providing a motivation for the bonobos to share what they knew． 　　The experiments showed the bonobos were more likely to gesture and to point more quickly at the cup hiding the treat when the experimenter didn’t know which cup hid the treat．It seems like a simple action， but it’s actually a new insight into how our closest relatives can think and assess the perspective of others．Previous studies have observed the bonobos warning their companions of danger， but these recent experiments remove elements of group mentality and survival ability， exploring cognitive functions of individuals． 　　“The ability to sense gaps in one another’s knowledge is at the heart of our most advanced social behaviors， central to the ways we cooperate， communicate， and work together strategically，” says psychologist Chris Krupenye． 　　“What we’ve shown here is that bonobos will communicate with a partner to change their behavior， but a key open question for further research is whether they are also pointing to change their partner’s mental state or their beliefs，” says psychologist Luke Townrow．This theory of mind — the capacity to understand that others have mental states of belief or perspective that might be different to one’s own — has typically been thought to distinguish human cognition from that of other animals． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，倭黑猩猩能感知他人知识状态并通过手势沟通，同时提及该研究对进一步探索其心智理论的意义。 5.What is a task of the experimenter？（　　） A．Monitor the treats． B．Signal to the bonobos． C．Hide the treats under a cup． D．Pick out the cup with treats． 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，实验者的任务之一是找出藏有食物的杯子。 6.In the experiments， what change in bonobos was observed？（　　） A．The eagerness of their gestures． B．The responses to getting the treats． C．The flexibility of their movements． D．The feelings about the experimenter． 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，观察到的倭黑猩猩的变化是它们手势的急切程度——在实验者不知情时更易手势示意且指向更快。 7.What is the finding of the study？（　　） A．Bonobos can warn others of danger． B．Bonobos have a sense of community． C．Bonobos are good at using body language． D．Bonobos can judge others’ state of knowledge． 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句及第四段可知，该研究的发现是倭黑猩猩能够判断他人的知识状态。 8.What key question will the further study explore about bonobos？（　　） A．How they form their perspectives． B．How they communicate with others． C．Whether they can influence others’ mind． D．Whether they can develop mental beliefs． 解析：C　细节理解题。根据尾段第一句可知，后续研究将探索倭黑猩猩是否能影响他人的心理状态和想法。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五 　　（2026•绍兴高二检测） Body language， important language 　　Have you ever noticed the big difference between someone’s behavior and his words？ Or have you ever failed to control your body on certain occasions as a result of nervousness？ Today let’s discuss how essential body language can be in our daily communication． 　　Studies have revealed that in the process of communication， non－verbal expression has 65% to 93% more influence than actual text.9.　　 　　Emilie Suter， a senior student of EHL， believes that the significance of body language is reflected in the ability to help people in the process of communication．10.　　 Body language is the best explanation of the behavior psychology of individuals and groups． 　　11.　　 Without proper body language， you may find yourself trapped in a circle where you cannot integrate with the external environment．Therefore， you should always pay attention to how people around you use body language to express their opinions — this allows you to accurately determine your next move． 　　Fidgeting （坐立不安） may mean that there is a lack of interaction between the two sides of the conversation.12.　　 Loich Batumba， vice president of the student council of EHL， says that he clearly remembers similar experiences：“At the time of my first interview， my interviewer and I barely communicated eye－to－eye， so I could clearly feel that there was a lack of interest between our conversations．” 　　How to establish a good personal impression is a topic that people have repeatedly discussed． 13.　　 This has increased the importance of physical actions for us． A．Body language varies from culture to culture． B．Of course， some body language is shared universally． C．In real situations， body language matters a lot more than you think! D．This means that “how to say” is more significant than “what to say”． E．Turning to other directions can mean he or she does not share your opinion． F．It helps people better understand the overall situation and thus make adjustments． G．Interestingly， what we see is actually the most important standard for us to judge others． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肢体语言的重要性。 9.D　根据上文可知，本句在总结上文，指出非语言表达的重要性。故D项（这意味着“怎么说”比“说什么”更重要）符合语境。 10.F　根据上文可知，本句承接上文，指出肢体语言对于帮助人们沟通的重要性。故F项（它有助于人们更好地了解整体情况，从而做出调整）符合语境。 11.C　根据本段内容可知，本段的主旨是强调肢体语言在日常生活中的重要性。故C项（在实际情况中，肢体语言比你想象的重要得多!）符合语境。 12.E　根据上文可知，坐立不安可能意味着对话双方缺乏互动；下文的例子表明，没有眼神交流表明对方对谈话缺乏兴趣，故E项（看其他方向可能意味着他或她不同意你的观点）符合语境。 13.G　下文提到某事增加了肢体动作对我们的重要性，本句应主要说明这件事的具体内容；再结合上文提到个人印象可推测，本句与对别人的印象有关，故G项（有趣的是，我们所看到的实际上是我们判断别人最重要的标准）符合语境。 Ⅲ．完形填空 　　（2026•洛阳高二检测）I walked into the classroom， feeling nervous．It wasn’t the first time that I had taught my students about the human body．But today’s lecture was 　14　． I started by showing them a patient who 　15　 from cancer．I described the treatment she had 　16　 before going into remission （缓解）．Finally， I said，“I am that 　17　．” 　　When I started my teaching 　18　， I never had dreamed of giving a lecture which was concerned with my personal 　19　．But that all changed in the second year， when I was found to have cancer．But I 　20　 my work while receiving treatments， which meant that the signs of my chemotherapy （化疗）， like hair loss， were clearly seen by my students．I 　21　 the care my students showed me — leaving cards and praying for my 　22　．When my hair grew back， I hoped my experience would show them that the science they were learning had a connection with the real world．So I 　23　my lecture about that patient． 　　For 5 years， I had been giving that lecture with the 　24　 news that I was in remission．Besides， I thought my work would 　25　 my stress of doctors’ visits， tests and scans． 　　Maybe I can’t become an excellent 　26　 or teacher in the future．However， my cancer helps me 　27　 with my students on a personal level， and show them why the science they are learning matters．I’m also 　28　 my personal story is one of the most important lessons I’ve ever taught． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾患癌症，治疗期间仍坚持教学工作，学生们很关心她，康复后，她在课堂上分享自己的经历，让学生明白所学科学与现实的联系，她认为这是最重要的一课。 14.A．unusual　 B．regular C．occasional　 D．depressing 解析：A　根据下文可知，作者以自身为例展开课程，说明这节课不寻常。 15.A．differed　 B．learned C．suffered　 D．heard 解析：C　根据下文from cancer可知，此处指患了癌症的病人。 16.A．died from　 B．gone through C．related to　 D．dreamed up 解析：B　根据上文the treatment she had可知，此处指病人要经历的治疗过程。 17.A．doctor　 B．student C．lecturer　 D．patient 解析：D　根据上文I started by showing them a patient可知，此处指作者就是那个病人。 18.A．method　 B．design C．plan　 D．career 解析：D　根据上文It wasn’t the first time that I had taught my students about the human body．可知，此处指作者的教师生涯。 19.A．emotion　 B．preference C．history　 D．introduction 解析：C　根据第一段最后两句可知，作者讲述了自己作为病人的个人经历。 20.A．retired from　 B．continued C．was devoted to　 D．found 解析：B　根据下文my work while receiving treatments可知，作者在接受治疗的同时，仍继续进行工作。 21.A．appreciated　 B．respected C．recognized　 D．rejected 解析：A　根据下文the care my students showed me — leaving cards可知，作者感激学生们留下卡片关心自己。 22.A．faith　 B．recovery C．cooperation　 D．return 解析：B　根据上文praying for my以及作者患了癌症可知，学生为作者的康复祈祷。 23.A．developed　 B．applied C．attended　 D．delayed 解析：A　根据下文my lecture about that patient可知，作者根据病人的经历设计了这堂课。develop表示“构思，设计”。 24.A．normal　 B．worthwhile C．positive　 D．countless 解析：C　根据下文news that I was in remission可知，病情缓解是积极的消息。 25.A．add　 B．affect C．motivate　 D．relieve 解析：D　根据下文my stress of doctors’ visits， tests and scans可知，作者因频繁看医生、接受检查和做扫描而产生了压力，她认为工作可以缓解压力。 26.A．professor　 B．politician C．researcher　 D．scientist 解析：D　根据上文When my hair grew back ．．． had a connection with the real world．可知，作者教授的是科学知识，所以此处指成为科学家。 27.A．learn　 B．connect C．progress　 D．deal 解析：B　根据语境可知，作者从个人层面与学生们建立联系，向他们说明他们所学习的科学知识为何具有重要意义。connect with意为“与……建立联系”。 28.A．enthusiastic　 B．concerned C．confident　 D．surprised 解析：C　根据下文可知，作者通过自己的亲身经历来教学，是因为作者坚信，自己的个人经历是自己教过的最重要的一课。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $