Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar—过去完成时(Word教参)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版)

本讲义聚焦高中英语过去完成时核心语法点，系统构建从概念（表过去的过去，"had+过去分词"）、基本结构（肯定、否定、疑问形式）到用法（动作完成、延续及与一般过去时搭配），再到常见句型（By the end of..., before等）及与现在/一般过去时区别的学习支架，辅以即时演练强化理解。 该资料通过"我的发现"环节引导学生自主归纳语法规则，培养思维品质，结合高考真题（如2023新课标Ⅰ卷改编句）设计练习提升语言应用能力，多维度（单句、写作、语段）训练助力学习能力发展。课中便于教师系统授课，课后可帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺，体现英语学科"学用结合"的教学特色。

Section Ⅲ　Grammar —— 过去完成时 ①He asked me where I had been during the summer holidays． ②What had Jane done by the time she was seven？ ③I had learned 900 English words by the time I was ten． ④She had lived here for a few years before she moved to Beijing． ⑤By the time my parents reached home yesterday， I had cooked the dinner already． ⑥Had you ever seen her before that？ 【我的发现】 1.过去完成时由“had＋过去分词”构成。 2.过去完成时的疑问句是将had提前。 一、概念及基本结构 　　过去完成时表示过去的过去，基本结构为：had＋过去分词。 1.肯定句：主语＋had＋过去分词。 2.否定句：主语＋had＋not＋过去分词。 3.一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋过去分词？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had。 否定回答：No，主语＋had not。 4.特殊疑问句：疑问词或词组＋一般疑问句（had＋主语＋过去分词）？ 【即时演练 1】　用所给词的适当形式填空 　①She said she had seen （see） the principle already． ②What was wrong？ He had worked （work） so hard for this event! 二、基本用法 1.表示某一动作在过去某一时刻之前已完成。 By two o’clock we had already got everything ready． 到两点钟我们已做好一切准备。 2.与一般过去时搭配，表示某一动作在过去的动作发生时已完成。 （2023•新课标Ⅰ卷改编）It might be the time when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day． 这可能是你在家人疲惫的一天之后烘焙饼干的时刻。 The fear I had felt earlier disappeared， replaced by a deep respect for these persons． 我之前的恐惧消失了，取而代之的是对这些人的深深敬意。 3.表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常与for （后跟时间段）或since （后跟时间点）等连用。 She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago． 自从这所学校25年前开办以来，她一直在这里工作。 4.使用过去完成时在简单句中表示某一动作在过去的某一时刻已完成时，该过去的时刻常以“by＋过去时间”的短语来表达。例如下面的说法是不正确的： He had gone to bed at 10：00 last night． 若是要说“at 10：00 last night”就必须用一般过去时“He went to bed ．．．”。 请再观察下面的句子试比较： It had rained yesterday．（误） It rained yesterday．（正） 【即时演练 2】　完成句子 　①（2025•全国一卷改编）My wife had prepared lots of snacks， while my job was to have the backyard in order． 妻子已经准备了很多小吃，而我的任务是整理好后院。 ②By the time we arrived， everyone had received medical care． 我们到达时，每个人都已接受了医疗护理。 三、常见句型 　　过去完成时既可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的事情，也可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的动作一直持续到过去某个时间。以下是过去完成时的常见句型： 1.By the end of＋名词（短语），主语＋had done ．．． By the end of the day， most of the inhabitants had left their homes． 到这一天结束时，大部分居民已离开他们的家园。 2.主语＋had done＋before＋过去的时间状语 I had finished my homework before five o’clock． 五点之前我已完成作业。 3.用在told， said， knew， heard， thought等动词后的宾语从句，表示动作发生在这些动作之前。 She said that she had never been to Paris． 她说她从未去过巴黎。 4.By the time＋从句（did/was/were），主语＋had done ．．． By the time we arrived， all the good seats had been taken up． 我们到达时，所有的好位子都被占了。 5.主语＋had done ．．．＋before 从句（did/was/were） Fortunately， people had left the village before the volcano erupted． 幸运的是，火山喷发前人们已离开了村庄。 6.主语＋had done ．．．＋when 从句（did/was/were） They had already put the fire out when I returned to the village． 当我返回村子时，他们已将大火扑灭。 7.主语＋did/was/were＋after 从句（had done） The earthquake happened in the daytime when people had already left home for work or school． 地震发生在白天，当时人们已离开家去上班或上学了。 8.Hardly （scarcely， barely） had＋主语＋done＋when从句（did/was/were）； No sooner had＋主语＋done＋than从句（did/was/were） Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down． 我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。 No sooner had the starter’s gun shot than David tottered forward with the other kids． 发令员的枪声刚响，大卫就和其他孩子蹒跚地向前走去。 9.It/This/That was the first/．．．time＋that 从句 （had done） It was the third time that he had made the same mistake． 这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。 10.It was/had been＋一段时间＋since 从句 （had done） It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time． 我们已经有十年没有这么快乐的时光了。 11.hope， plan， mean， expect， intend， suppose， want， think 等动词有时用过去完成时表示一件本来打算做而未做，曾经设想而未实现的事。 They had wanted to help but could not get here in time． 他们本想来帮忙，但未及时赶到。 【即时演练 3】　用所给词的适当形式填空 　①（2025•北京卷）By the time you brushed your teeth， you had made （make） several decisions even without noticing． ②By the end of June， they had treated （treat） over 10，000 patients． ③He had learned （learn） a lot before he was 10 years old． 四、过去完成时与其他时态的区别 　过去完成时有特殊的语法规则，它与其他完成时有明显不同，不仅结构上不同，内容、含义上也不同。 （一）过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词have （has）＋过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去的时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才会用到它。 I have learned 1，000 English words so far． 到目前为止我已经学会了1，000 个英语单词。 I had learned 1，000 English words till then． 到那时为止我已经学会了1，000 个英语单词。 — I’m sorry to keep you waiting． — Oh， not at all．I have been here only a few minutes． ——对不起，让你久等了。 ——没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在） （二）过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点： 1.时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。 They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday． 他们昨天十点就到达了车站。 They arrived at the station at ten yesterday． 他们昨天十点到达车站。 2.在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后需依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。 She was very happy．Her whole family were pleased with her， too．She had just won the first place in the composition competition． 她非常高兴。她的全家也都对她很满意。她刚刚在作文比赛中获得了第一名。 3.当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before， after， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。 Our neighbours made us welcome as soon as we arrived． 我们一到达就受到了邻居们的欢迎。 【即时演练 4】　完成句子 　①（2025•全国一卷）I acknowledged that I had been wrong， and he listened quietly．After a long pause， he sighed and accepted my apology． 我承认自己错了，他静静地听着，沉默良久后，他叹了口气，接受了我的道歉。 ②Hardly had we arrived when the problems started． 我们刚到，问题就来了。 ③She had rushed out of the door before I could stop her． 我还没来得及阻止她，她就冲出门去了。 维度一：单句语法填空 1.I had finished （finish） half of the work by yesterday． 2.She found that she had left （leave） her luggage on the bus． 3.She already knew the secret but no one had told （tell） her． 4.The twins prepared the breakfast tray， and added a card they had made （make）． 维度二：语法与写作 1.No sooner had the game started than it began to rain， causing a sudden pause in the match． 比赛刚开始，天就开始下雨，导致比赛突然暂停。 2.It was the first time that he had cooked a meal by himself， and he felt proud of his accomplishment． 这是他第一次自己做饭，他为自己的成就感到骄傲。 3.It was three years since they had moved to the city， and they had adapted well to the lifestyle here． 自从他们搬到这个城市已经三年了，他们已经很好地适应了这里的生活方式。 4.By the end of the course， he had mastered the basics of French． 到课程结束时，他已经掌握了法语的基础知识。 5.They had left the town before the storm hit． 在暴风雨来临之前，他们已经离开了这个小镇。 维度三：语段练习 　　By the time the Rolling Stones called themselves the world’s greatest Rock and Roll band， they 1.had become （become） stars．The band first 2.performed （perform） together in 1962 in a London club．Before 1964 they had not written their own songs but they 3.had sung （sing） songs by people such as Chuck Berry．After 1964， Mike Jagger and Keith Richard 4.started （start） writing their own songs．They had their first No.1 hit in 1964 with It’s All Over Now．They 5.went （go） to the United States for the first time in 1964 and by the end of the tour they 6.had achieved （achieve） huge popularity．Forty years later they are still touring the world and attracting huge audiences． 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $